CN117576253A - Method and device for drawing distribution map of ice-covered area of power grid - Google Patents
Method and device for drawing distribution map of ice-covered area of power grid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for drawing a distribution map of an ice-coating prone area of a power grid, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining area basic data corresponding to an area to be drawn, and creating a corresponding grid area map; determining influence factor data under a plurality of influence types in a grid region graph according to the region basic data; constructing an icing vulnerability matrix in response to the significance scores input for the data of each influencing factor, and executing consistency test; if the consistency test is passed, normalizing the feature vector corresponding to the maximum feature root of the icing susceptibility matrix, and extracting the influence weight corresponding to each influence type; and respectively calculating icing susceptibility indexes of each pixel in the grid region graph according to each influence weight and each influence factor data, and drawing an icing susceptibility region distribution map. Therefore, a more accurate icing easy-occurrence area distribution diagram is provided for an operation and maintenance unit of the power transmission line, so that the operation and maintenance unit can accurately predict and position key areas for preventing and controlling icing disasters in winter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of distribution map drawing, in particular to a method and a device for drawing a distribution map of an ice-covered area of a power grid.
Background
The current society has an increasing demand for electricity, and power systems have become the mainstay of modern life and industrial production. However, the grid towers are prone to ice coating during winter, which affects the stable operation of the grid. The interruption of power by grid icing not only compromises public interests, but also has a significant impact on economic activity, medical facilities and infrastructure. In order to ensure the continuity and reliability of the power system, the ice-coating easy area of the power grid needs to be accurately identified, and references are provided for operation and maintenance decisions and manpower distribution of power companies and maintenance personnel. The traditional method for drawing the ice region diagram of the power grid cannot accurately describe the regional distribution in which ice coating is easy to occur, and limits the stability and reliability of a power system.
The existing method is used for conducting a great deal of research on the drawing method of the ice area diagram of the power grid, but the research point is focused on the thickness of the generated ice when the ice coating disaster occurs on the power transmission tower. The icing grades are divided into seven grades of 0mm, 5mm, 10mm, 15mm,20mm, 30mm and above 30mm based on this, and different icing grade profiles of the investigation region are plotted.
Although the research results play an important role in guiding the design stage of the power transmission line, the application of the method to the operation and maintenance stage is not strong. The method only draws the thickness of the icing generated when the icing disaster occurs, can not accurately divide the area which is extremely easy to occur in winter, lacks predictability, leads to the fact that the operation and maintenance unit of the power transmission line can not accurately position the important area for preventing and controlling the icing disaster in winter, and influences the reasonable personnel allocation and the prevention and control measure decision of the operation and maintenance unit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for drawing a distribution map of an ice coating prone area of a power grid, which solve the technical problems that in the prior art, only the thickness of the ice coating generated when the ice coating disaster occurs is drawn, the area which is extremely prone to the ice coating disaster in winter can not be accurately divided, predictability is lacking, so that an operation and maintenance unit of a power transmission line can not accurately position key areas for preventing and controlling the ice coating disaster in winter, and personnel reasonable distribution and prevention and control measure decision of the operation and maintenance unit are influenced.
The invention provides a method for drawing a distribution map of an ice-coating prone area of a power grid, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring region basic data corresponding to a region to be drawn, and creating a corresponding grid region diagram;
Determining influence factor data under a plurality of preset influence types in the grid area diagram according to the area basic data;
constructing an icing vulnerability matrix in response to the significance scores input for each of the impact types, and performing consistency test;
if the consistency test is passed, normalizing the feature vector corresponding to the maximum feature root of the icing susceptibility matrix, and extracting the influence weight corresponding to each influence type;
and respectively calculating icing susceptibility indexes of each pixel in the grid region graph according to each influence weight and each influence factor data, and drawing an icing susceptibility region distribution map.
Optionally, the impact type includes a meteorological factor type, a hydrological factor type, a topography factor type, and a tower factor type; the step of determining influence factor data under a plurality of preset influence types in the grid region graph according to the region basic data comprises the following steps:
extracting meteorological monitoring data, a water system network diagram, ice-covered pole tower point position data and regional digital elevation data from the regional basic data;
determining an average temperature and humidity distribution map under the meteorological factor type in the grid area map according to the meteorological monitoring data and the ice-covered tower point position data;
Grading the water system network diagram according to a preset step length, and determining a water system grading diagram under the hydrologic factor type in the grid area diagram;
determining a terrain distribution result under the terrain factor type in the grid area diagram according to the area digital elevation data;
and determining the calling high level corresponding to each tower one by one in the grid area diagram according to the area digital elevation data and the ice-covered tower point position data.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
and if the meteorological monitoring data and the ice-covered tower point position data do not exist in the region basic data, calling a preset geographic information system to acquire the meteorological monitoring data and the ice-covered tower point position data corresponding to the region to be drawn and vectorizing.
Optionally, the ice-covered tower point location data includes tower point coordinates corresponding to each tower respectively; the meteorological monitoring data comprise average air temperature and average humidity respectively corresponding to the tower point coordinates; the step of determining an average temperature and humidity distribution diagram under the meteorological factor type in the grid area diagram according to the meteorological monitoring data and the ice-covered tower point position data comprises the following steps:
Loading each of the tower point coordinates, the average gas temperature and the average humidity in the grid area diagram;
calculating the space distance between each grid position point of the grid area diagram and each tower point coordinate respectively, and calculating the distance sum value of all the space distances;
calculating the ratio between each space distance and the distance sum value to respectively obtain the distance weight corresponding to each grid position point;
substituting each average gas temperature and each distance weight into a preset temperature calculation formula and vectorizing according to each grid position point to obtain an average temperature distribution map;
and substituting the average humidity and the distance weight into a preset humidity calculation formula and vectorizing the average humidity and the distance weight according to the grid position points to obtain an average humidity distribution diagram.
Optionally, the regional digital elevation data includes a horizontal change rate of pixel values and a vertical change rate of pixel values corresponding to a grid where each grid position point is located in the grid regional graph; the step of determining a terrain distribution result under the terrain factor type in the grid area graph according to the area digital elevation data comprises the following steps:
According to the pixel value horizontal change rate and the pixel value vertical change rate corresponding to each grid, respectively calculating the gradient and the slope direction corresponding to each grid position point;
determining the gradient grade and the gradient grade of each grid based on the gradient and the gradient respectively matched with a preset gradient table;
respectively acquiring main wind directions corresponding to the grids from a preset wind direction rose;
calculating a slope difference between the main wind direction and each slope;
and determining the slope type corresponding to each grid based on the comparison result of the slope difference value and the preset angle threshold value.
Optionally, the regional digital elevation data includes a tower call elevation value corresponding to a tower; the step of determining the calling high level corresponding to each tower one by one in the grid area diagram according to the area digital elevation data and the ice-covered tower point position data comprises the following steps:
calculating a peak value difference between the maximum pole peak value and the minimum pole peak value;
calculating the ratio between the calling height difference value and the preset class number to obtain a calling height class interval;
and determining the corresponding calling high grade of each tower one by one in the grid area diagram according to the matching result between the calling high value of each tower and the calling high grade interval.
Optionally, the ice coating susceptibility matrix is:
wherein a is ji To be the relative importance of the i factor to the j factor,
optionally, the step of calculating the icing susceptibility index of each pixel in the grid area map according to each influence weight and each influence factor data, and drawing an icing susceptibility area distribution map includes:
forming an influence factor vector by adopting data of each influence factor;
calculating point multiplication values between the influence weights and the influence factor vectors to obtain icing susceptibility indexes corresponding to the pixels in the grid region diagram respectively;
classifying the icing susceptibility index into a predetermined number of icing grades by an equal division method;
and respectively drawing colors corresponding to the ice coating grades on the pixels to generate an ice coating easily-generated regional distribution map.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
if the consistency test is not passed, selecting at least one target relative importance degree from the icing susceptibility matrix;
the relative importance of the target is reduced according to a preset attenuation gradient until the consistency test is passed.
The invention also provides a device for drawing the distribution map of the ice-coating prone area of the power grid, which comprises the following steps:
The data acquisition module is used for acquiring region basic data corresponding to a region to be drawn and creating a corresponding grid region diagram;
the influence factor data determining module is used for determining influence factor data under a plurality of preset influence types in the grid region graph according to the region basic data;
the matrix construction and consistency check module is used for constructing an icing susceptibility matrix according to the significance scores input for each influence type and executing consistency check;
the influence weight extraction module is used for normalizing the feature vector corresponding to the maximum feature root of the icing susceptibility matrix if the consistency test is passed, and extracting the influence weight corresponding to each influence type;
and the distribution map drawing module is used for respectively calculating icing susceptibility indexes of all pixels in the grid region map according to the influence weights and the influence factor data, and drawing an icing susceptibility region distribution map.
From the above technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining region basic data corresponding to a region to be drawn, and creating a corresponding grid region diagram; determining influence factor data under a plurality of preset influence types in a grid region diagram according to the region basic data; constructing an icing vulnerability matrix in response to the significance scores input for the data of each influencing factor, and executing consistency test; if the consistency test is passed, normalizing the feature vector corresponding to the maximum feature root of the icing susceptibility matrix, and extracting the influence weight corresponding to each influence type; and respectively calculating icing susceptibility indexes of each pixel in the grid region graph according to each influence weight and each influence factor data, and drawing an icing susceptibility region distribution map. Therefore, a more accurate icing easy-occurrence area distribution diagram is provided for an operation and maintenance unit of the power transmission line, so that the operation and maintenance unit can accurately predict and position key areas for preventing and controlling icing disasters in winter.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a step flowchart of a method for drawing a distribution diagram of an ice-covered area of a power grid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of steps of a method for drawing a distribution diagram of an ice-covered area of a power grid according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a system diagram of an index system for evaluating ice coating susceptibility of a power grid, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a data flow schematic diagram of a method for drawing a distribution diagram of an ice-covered area of a power grid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a power grid ice-coating prone area distribution diagram drawing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for drawing a distribution map of an ice coating prone area of a power grid, which are used for solving the technical problems that only the thickness of the ice coating produced when the ice coating disaster occurs is drawn, the area which is extremely prone to the ice coating disaster in winter can not be accurately divided, the predictability is lacking, so that an operation and maintenance unit of a power transmission line can not accurately position key areas for preventing and controlling the ice coating disaster in winter, and personnel reasonable distribution and prevention and control measure decision of the operation and maintenance unit are influenced.
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for drawing a distribution map of an ice-covered area of a power grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for drawing a distribution map of an ice-coating prone area of a power grid, which comprises the following steps:
step 101, obtaining region basic data corresponding to a region to be drawn, and creating a corresponding grid region diagram;
the region basic data refers to related data of various ice coating factors corresponding to a region to be drawn, and the related data comprise, but are not limited to, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), a water system network diagram, meteorological monitoring point data, ice coating pole tower point position data, a wind direction rose diagram and the like.
The grid area diagram refers to a plan diagram obtained by carrying out grid division on a two-dimensional plan diagram of an area to be drawn according to a preset specification, wherein each grid at least comprises one pixel, and grid position points or tower points are also included in the grid.
In the embodiment of the invention, the region to be drawn covered by the power grid system can be outlined from a geographic information system or other data sources through a user or an external terminal, the region basic data corresponding to the region to be drawn can be obtained, and a grid region diagram corresponding to the region basic data is created and used as the data basis for drawing the follow-up ice-covering easy-occurrence region distribution diagram.
Step 102, determining influence factor data under a plurality of preset influence types in a grid area diagram according to area basic data;
after the region basic data are acquired, respectively extracting various required data from reconstruction according to a plurality of preset influence types, respectively analyzing ice-covering factors under different influence types, and determining influence factor data under the plurality of preset influence types in a grid region diagram.
The influence types include meteorological factor type, hydrological factor type, topography factor type and tower factor type. The influence factor data refers to distribution diagram or grade data corresponding to various influence types respectively, including but not limited to a temperature and humidity distribution diagram, a water system grading diagram, a gradient, a slope direction type, a calling grade and the like.
Step 103, constructing an icing vulnerability matrix according to the significance scores input for each influence type, and executing consistency test;
In this embodiment, after determining each influence factor data, the influence factor data is displayed on the display screen. After the significance scores input aiming at the data of each influencing factor are received, the significance scores are combined with a pairwise comparison method, and a pairwise comparison matrix of each layer of evaluation indexes to the upper layer is constructed, so that an icing susceptibility matrix is obtained.
After the icing susceptibility matrix is constructed, consistency test is needed to measure the inconsistent degree in the icing susceptibility matrix because scale errors among influencing factors, such as factors A and B are important, factors B are important and factors C are important and factors A are important, may occur.
In a specific implementation, the consistency check process is as follows:
according to the basic principle of the analytic hierarchy process, the icing susceptibility matrix A has the following relationship:
Ab＝λb
where b is a feature vector corresponding to the maximum feature root λ of the construction matrix a. Consistency check analysis was performed using random consistency ratio CR values:
wherein CI is a judgment matrix deviation consistency index:
where n is the total number of influence factor data.
RI is an average random uniformity index as shown in table 1 below:
| n | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| RI | 0 | 0 | 0.58 | 0.90 | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.32 | 1.41 | 1.45 |
TABLE 1
CR values less than 0.1 indicate passing the consistency check. Otherwise, the judgment matrix is adjusted, and the score of the main factors which cause the failing consistency test is recalculated (the score is reduced until the consistency test is passed, the attenuation coefficient is set to be 0.5, the score is reduced according to the attenuation coefficient until the consistency test is passed, and the reduction of the score is stopped). After the consistency check is passed, the feature vector b is mapped between [0,1] through normalization, and element values in the feature vector b represent weights of different influence types.
Step 104, if the consistency test is passed, normalizing the feature vector corresponding to the maximum feature root of the icing susceptibility matrix, and extracting the influence weight corresponding to each influence type;
in this embodiment, if the consistency test passes, the corresponding influence weights may be extracted from the feature vectors corresponding to the maximum feature root of the ice coating susceptibility matrix, after normalizing the feature vectors, according to each influence type.
And 105, respectively calculating icing susceptibility indexes of each pixel in the grid region graph according to each influence weight and each influence factor data, and drawing an icing susceptibility region distribution map.
After the influence weight is obtained, the dot multiplication value between the influence factor vector and the influence factor vector is calculated by combining the influence factor vector formed by the influence factor data, so that the icing susceptibility index corresponding to each pixel in each grid in the grid area is calculated. And taking the data in the grid area diagram as a grid data source, and combining a plurality of grades of ice coating susceptibility index division, such as five grades of an extremely high ice coating prone area, a medium ice coating prone area, a low ice coating prone area and an extremely low ice coating prone area, from high to low, so as to draw an ice coating susceptibility area distribution diagram corresponding to the area to be drawn.
In the embodiment of the invention, the region basic data corresponding to the region to be drawn is acquired, and a corresponding grid region diagram is created; determining influence factor data under a plurality of preset influence types in a grid region diagram according to the region basic data; constructing an icing vulnerability matrix in response to the significance scores input for the data of each influencing factor, and executing consistency test; if the consistency test is passed, normalizing the feature vector corresponding to the maximum feature root of the icing susceptibility matrix, and extracting the influence weight corresponding to each influence type; and respectively calculating icing susceptibility indexes of each pixel in the grid region graph according to each influence weight and each influence factor data, and drawing an icing susceptibility region distribution map. Therefore, a more accurate icing easy-occurrence area distribution diagram is provided for an operation and maintenance unit of the power transmission line, so that the operation and maintenance unit can accurately predict and position key areas for preventing and controlling icing disasters in winter.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for drawing a distribution map of an ice-covered area of a power grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for drawing a distribution map of an ice-coating prone area of a power grid, which comprises the following steps:
Step 201, obtaining region basic data corresponding to a region to be drawn, and creating a corresponding grid region diagram;
in this embodiment, the implementation process of step 201 is similar to that of step 101, and will not be described here.
Optionally, the impact types include a meteorological factor type, a hydrological factor type, a topography factor type, and a tower factor type.
Step 202, extracting meteorological monitoring data, a water system network diagram, ice-covered pole tower point position data and regional digital elevation data from regional basic data;
the meteorological monitoring data refer to meteorological data in monitoring data of an on-line monitoring terminal of a power supply operation and maintenance unit transmission tower to which a region to be drawn (hereinafter referred to as a research region) belongs, and particularly winter monitoring data (the time span is 11 months per year to 2 months per year).
The ice coating pole tower point position data refer to an online monitoring terminal and manual ice viewing data of a power supply operation and maintenance unit power transmission tower of a research area, and the online monitoring terminal and the manual ice viewing data comprise ice coating positions, ice coating occurrence frequency and ice coating thickness.
The regional digital elevation data refers to DEM data in the investigation region, requiring a precision of 30m. For analyzing the topography of the investigation region.
The water system network diagram is a schematic diagram describing the position of the river channel and the flow direction thereof in the region to be drawn.
In this embodiment, the influence factor data includes an average temperature and humidity distribution map, a water system classification map, a topography distribution result, a call-up level, and the like.
In another example of the present invention, the method further comprises the steps of:
and if the meteorological monitoring data and the ice-covered tower point position data do not exist in the region basic data, calling a preset geographic information system to acquire the meteorological monitoring data and the ice-covered tower point position data corresponding to the region to be drawn and vectorizing.
In this example, there may not be a vector map of weather monitoring data and icing pole point data in the regional base data due to human inattention or imperfections in the data source. Therefore, if the meteorological monitoring data and the ice coating pole and tower point position data do not exist in the current area basic data, a preset geographic information system is called to acquire the meteorological monitoring data and the ice coating pole and tower point position data corresponding to the area to be drawn and vector the meteorological monitoring data and the ice coating pole and tower point position data, so that vector diagrams respectively corresponding to the meteorological monitoring data and the ice coating pole and tower point position data are acquired.
Step 203, determining an average temperature and humidity distribution diagram under the weather factor type in the grid area diagram according to the weather monitoring data and the ice-covered tower point position data;
further, the ice-covered tower point position data comprise tower point coordinates corresponding to each tower respectively; the meteorological monitoring data comprise average air temperature and average humidity respectively corresponding to each tower point coordinate; step 203 may comprise the sub-steps of:
Loading each tower point coordinate, average air temperature and average humidity in the grid area diagram;
calculating the space distance between each grid position point of the grid area diagram and each tower point coordinate respectively, and calculating the distance and value of all the space distances;
calculating the ratio between each space distance and the distance and value to obtain the distance weight corresponding to each grid position point;
substituting each average gas temperature and each distance weight into a preset temperature calculation formula and vectorizing according to each grid position point to obtain an average temperature distribution map;
and substituting each average humidity and each distance weight into a preset humidity calculation formula and vectorizing according to each grid position point to obtain an average humidity distribution diagram.
And loading each tower point coordinate, the average air temperature level and the average humidity level in the grid area diagram, and calculating the space distance from each grid position point to all tower point coordinates by taking the distance as a weight distribution variable. Calculating the space distance d between each grid position point and each tower point coordinate of the grid region diagram l Calculating the distance sum of all the spatial distances
Wherein, (X j ,Y j ,Z j ) Is grid position point coordinates, (X) k ,Y k ,Z k ) Is the coordinates of the tower points.
Distance weight w of each grid position point corresponding to each tower point l The method comprises the following steps:
wherein o is the number of tower points.
After the distance weights are obtained, each average gas temperature and each distance weight can be respectively substituted into a preset temperature calculation formula and vectorized according to each grid position point to obtain an average temperature distribution diagram; and substituting each average humidity and each distance weight into a preset humidity calculation formula and vectorizing according to each grid position point to obtain an average humidity distribution diagram.
Specifically, the temperature calculation formula is similar to the humidity calculation formula, and the following is applied to the grid position point coordinates (X j ,Y j ,Z j ) Is defined by the average temperature or average humidity of:
wherein T is j Is the average temperature or average humidity of grid position points, w i Distance weight for the ith grid position point, i=j; t (X) i ,Y i ,Z i ) The average temperature or average humidity of the ith tower point coordinate.
After the average temperature and the average humidity of grid position points are obtained, an average temperature distribution map and an average humidity distribution map are formed together with the average humidity and the average temperature vectorization of the existing towers.
It should be noted that there may be a plurality of values of the average temperature and the average humidity, and the values may be categorized into each grade by matching a preset grade distribution table. The preset level distribution table may divide the average air temperature and the average humidity into six levels, respectively, by using an equal division method. The equal division is specific to the data set { n } 1 n 2 …n m Then the grading interval value isWherein n is max ∈{n 1 n 2 …n m }，n min ∈{n 1 n 2 …n m }。
Step 204, grading the water system network diagram according to a preset step length, and determining a water system grading diagram under the hydrologic factor type in the grid area diagram;
in the concrete implementation, the transmission line crossing the river is seriously affected by ice coating in winter, so that a water system network diagram of a research area is collected, and four buffer areas of 100m, 150m, 200m and 250m of the water system network are respectively drawn by taking a 50m distance as a demarcation value. And finally, obtaining a water system grading diagram affecting the icing of the power transmission line, wherein the closer the power transmission line is to the river, the higher the probability of icing.
Step 205, determining a terrain distribution result under the terrain factor type in the grid area diagram according to the area digital elevation data;
in one example of the present invention, the regional digital elevation data includes a horizontal rate of change of pixel values and a vertical rate of change of pixel values corresponding to a grid in which each grid location point is located in the grid region map; step 205 comprises the sub-steps of:
according to the pixel value horizontal change rate and the pixel value vertical change rate corresponding to each grid, respectively calculating the gradient and the slope direction corresponding to each grid position point;
determining the gradient grade and the gradient grade of each grid based on the gradient and the gradient respectively matched with a preset gradient table;
Respectively acquiring main wind directions corresponding to the grids from a preset wind direction rose;
calculating a slope difference value between the main wind direction and each slope direction;
and determining the slope type corresponding to each grid based on the comparison result of each slope difference value and the preset angle threshold value.
In this embodiment, the regional digital elevation data includes a horizontal rate of change of a pixel value and a vertical rate of change of a pixel value corresponding to a grid in which each grid position point is located in the grid region map. And respectively calculating the gradient and the slope direction corresponding to the position points of each grid according to the horizontal change rate of the pixel value and the vertical change rate of the pixel value corresponding to each grid.
The slope of the grid position point is calculated as follows:
the slope direction select of the grid position point is calculated as follows:
wherein x represents the horizontal change rate of the pixel value in the grid where the grid position point is located in the horizontal direction, and y represents the vertical change rate of the pixel value in the grid where the grid position point is located in the vertical direction.
Specifically, the gradient slope direction table may be constructed in such a manner that the gradient is classified into 6 categories of 0 to 5 °, 6 to 10 °, 11 to 15 °, 16 to 20 °, 21 to 25 °, 26 ° or more with 5 ° as a boundary value. The slope direction is divided into 8 classes of 0-45 degrees, 45 degrees to 90 degrees, 90 degrees to 135 degrees, 135 degrees to 180 degrees, 180 degrees to 225 degrees, 225 degrees to 270 degrees, 270 degrees to 315 degrees and 315 degrees to 360 degrees by taking 45 degrees as a demarcation value.
After the slope direction is calculated, the main wind direction corresponding to each grid can be respectively obtained from a preset wind direction rose because the slope direction type cannot be determined; calculating a slope difference value between the main wind direction and each slope direction; and determining the slope type corresponding to each grid based on the comparison result of each slope difference value and the preset angle threshold value.
For example, the main wind direction of the wind direction rose is Z, and when Z-direction is greater than 90 DEG, the slope type is a lee slope; when Z-spin is less than 90, the slope type is windward.
Step 206, determining the calling level corresponding to each tower one by one in the grid area diagram according to the area digital elevation data and the ice-covered tower point position data;
in one example of the invention, the regional digital elevation data includes a tower call height value corresponding to a tower; step 206 may include the sub-steps of:
calculating a peak value difference between the maximum pole peak value and the minimum pole peak value;
calculating the ratio between the calling height difference value and the preset class number to obtain the calling height class interval;
and determining the corresponding calling high grade of each tower one by one in the grid area diagram according to the matching result between the calling high value of each tower and the calling high grade interval.
In this embodiment, it may be considered that in the actual running process of the power transmission line, towers in the same geographic position may have different calling heights, so that the icing conditions of different calling heights are different. Therefore, the tower calling height and the elevation value of the geographic position of the tower are taken as one of the influencing factors for generating the icing disaster. The peak value difference between the maximum and minimum peak values may be calculated; calculating the ratio between the calling height difference value and the preset class number to obtain the calling height class interval; and determining the corresponding calling high grade of each tower one by one in the grid area diagram according to the matching result between the calling high value of each tower and the calling high grade interval.
The calling high grade division can be three grades of 30m calling high, 50m calling high and more than 50m calling high, and the interval of the calling high division can use the equal division method.
Step 207, constructing an icing vulnerability matrix in response to the significance scores input for each influence type, and executing consistency test;
analytic hierarchy process (Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP) is a multi-standard decision analysis method. It is used to help decision makers make decisions when faced with complex and varying problems, and to quantitatively evaluate the relative importance of different decision factors. The core idea of AHP is to decompose a large complex decision problem into multiple levels, and then compare and synthesize the elements of each level in a quantitative manner to find the best decision.
In the embodiment, the AHP method is applied to the field of drawing of distribution diagrams of ice coating prone areas of the power grid, and is constructed by comprehensively considering topography factors, hydrologic factors, meteorological factors and tower factors according to actual operation and maintenance conditions of the power transmission line in winter. The analytic hierarchy process structural model includes a goal layer, a criterion layer and a scheme layer, the goal layer including a primary decision goal, the criterion layer including criteria for evaluating a scheme, the scheme layer including alternative decision options, as shown in fig. 3.
In a specific implementation, the significance score of each influence factor data can be obtained by a unit of the power supply operation and maintenance of the region, namely, a line operation and maintenance personnel (scoring results are obtained by distributing a relative significance value from 1 to 9 to different factors of icing). And constructing an icing susceptibility matrix of each layer of evaluation indexes on the upper layer by using a pairwise comparison method.
Optionally, the icing susceptibility matrix is:
wherein a is ji To be the relative importance of the i factor to the j factor,
in this embodiment, the procedure of consistency check is similar to the specific implementation procedure of step 203, and will not be described here again.
Step 208, if the consistency test is passed, normalizing the feature vector corresponding to the maximum feature root of the icing susceptibility matrix, and extracting the influence weight corresponding to each influence type;
After the consistency test is passed, the feature vector b is mapped between [0,1] through normalization, and element values in the feature vector b represent the influence weights of different influence types.
In another example of the present invention, the method further comprises the steps of:
if the consistency test is not passed, selecting at least one target relative importance degree from the icing susceptibility degree matrix;
the relative importance of the target is reduced according to a preset attenuation gradient until the consistency test is passed.
In a specific implementation, the fraction value of the primary factor that causes the consistency check to fail is reduced until the consistency check passes. Setting the attenuation coefficient to be 0.5, reducing the score value according to the attenuation coefficient until the consistency test passes, and stopping reducing the score value. The icing susceptibility matrix can be corrected by the maximum improvement direction algorithm, for example, the consistency requirement can be met by automatically correcting the icing susceptibility matrix by the maximum improvement direction algorithm, only one data item in the judgment matrix is needed to be corrected, and the data of the judgment matrix is generally not needed to be further processed. Or the maximum improvement direction algorithm is utilized to automatically correct, so that the consistency requirement can be met, but more than 1 data items need to be corrected, and further processing countermeasures are determined according to the percentage of the data needing to be corrected. And in the yaahp judgment matrix inspection result, icons with different colors are arranged on the judgment matrix, and corresponding processing suggestions are given according to the percentage of data to be corrected.
And step 209, respectively calculating icing susceptibility indexes of each pixel in the grid region graph according to each influence weight and each influence factor data, and drawing an icing susceptibility region distribution map.
In one example of the invention, step 209 may include the sub-steps of:
forming an influence factor vector by adopting data of each influence factor;
calculating dot multiplication values between each influence weight and each influence factor vector to obtain icing susceptibility indexes corresponding to each pixel in the grid area diagram;
classifying the icing susceptibility indexes into a predetermined number of icing grades by adopting an equal division method;
and respectively drawing colors corresponding to the ice coating grades on each pixel to generate an ice coating easily-generated regional distribution map.
In this embodiment, after the influence weights are obtained, each influence factor data may be used to form an influence factor vector, and a dot product value between each influence weight and the influence factor vector is calculated to obtain an icing susceptibility index FB corresponding to each pixel in the grid region map respectively:
FB＝b·d
where d is a vector composed of influence factor data and b is an influence weight.
Further using superposition analysis function in Arcgis10.0 software to calculate FB value, and obtaining icing susceptibility index. The icing susceptibility index value was also classified into 5 grades by the equal division method. The specific process can be shown in fig. 4, wherein the sequence from high to low is respectively an extremely high ice-prone region, a medium ice-prone region, a low ice-prone region and an extremely low ice-prone region.
In the embodiment of the invention, the region basic data corresponding to the region to be drawn is acquired, and a corresponding grid region diagram is created; determining influence factor data under a plurality of preset influence types in a grid region diagram according to the region basic data; constructing an icing vulnerability matrix in response to the significance scores input for the data of each influencing factor, and executing consistency test; if the consistency test is passed, normalizing the feature vector corresponding to the maximum feature root of the icing susceptibility matrix, and extracting the influence weight corresponding to each influence type; and respectively calculating icing susceptibility indexes of each pixel in the grid region graph according to each influence weight and each influence factor data, and drawing an icing susceptibility region distribution map. Therefore, a more accurate icing easy-occurrence area distribution diagram is provided for an operation and maintenance unit of the power transmission line, so that the operation and maintenance unit can accurately predict and position key areas for preventing and controlling icing disasters in winter. Unlike traditional ice and snow cover monitoring methods, the method comprehensively considers a plurality of factors including hydrologic conditions, meteorological conditions, topographic conditions and pole height through an analytic hierarchy process. This helps to determine the grid icing easily-occurring area more accurately, providing more comprehensive security. The invention provides highly personalized decision support according to the calculation result of the susceptibility index. This allows the utility company and maintenance personnel to make appropriate precautions based on the actual situation to minimize the risk of ice and snow-induced power interruption. By comprehensively considering a plurality of factors, the invention provides more intelligent power grid icing susceptibility analysis, allows a decision maker to better know the weak links of the power system, and adopts timely measures to alleviate risks. The invention uses GIS technology to present the information of the easily-sent area as the distribution map of the ice-covered easily-sent area of the power grid in a visual mode. This provides clear visual information that makes it easier for the decision maker to understand the distribution of the vulnerable areas, thereby helping them make decisions and precautions. The object of the invention is to reduce the adverse effect of ice and snow cover on the power system and to reduce power interruption and loss. By providing more accurate ice and snow covered easily-transmitted area information, the risk of a power system is hopefully reduced, the power supply reliability is improved, and higher-quality power service is provided for society.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 shows a block diagram of a power grid ice-coating prone area distribution drawing device according to an embodiment of the invention.
The invention also provides a device for drawing the distribution map of the ice-coating prone area of the power grid, which comprises the following steps:
the data acquisition module 501 is configured to acquire region basic data corresponding to a region to be drawn, and create a corresponding grid region map;
the influence factor data determining module 502 is configured to determine, according to the region base data, influence factor data under a plurality of preset influence types in the grid region map;
a matrix construction and consistency check module 503, configured to construct an icing susceptibility matrix in response to the significance scores input for each influence type, and perform consistency check;
the influence weight extraction module 504 is configured to normalize a feature vector corresponding to a maximum feature root of the icing susceptibility matrix if the consistency test passes, and extract an influence weight corresponding to each influence type;
the distribution map drawing module 505 is configured to calculate icing susceptibility indexes of each pixel in the grid area map according to each influence weight and each influence factor data, and draw an icing susceptibility area distribution map.
Optionally, the impact types include a meteorological factor type, a hydrological factor type, a topography factor type, and a tower factor type; the influencing factor data determination module 502 includes:
the data extraction sub-module is used for extracting meteorological monitoring data, a water system network diagram, ice-covered pole tower point position data and regional digital elevation data from the regional basic data;
the average temperature and humidity distribution map determining submodule is used for determining an average temperature and humidity distribution map under the weather factor type in the grid area map according to weather monitoring data and ice-covered tower point position data;
the water system classification chart determining submodule is used for classifying the water system network chart according to a preset step length, and determining the water system classification chart under the hydrologic factor type in the grid area chart;
the terrain distribution result determining submodule is used for determining a terrain distribution result under the terrain factor type in the grid area graph according to the area digital elevation data;
and the calling level determining sub-module is used for determining the calling level corresponding to each tower one by one in the grid area diagram according to the area digital elevation data and the ice-covered tower point position data.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
and the vectorization module is used for calling a preset geographic information system to acquire weather monitoring data and ice coating pole tower point position data corresponding to the region to be drawn and vectorizing if the weather monitoring data and the ice coating pole tower point position data do not exist in the region basic data.
Optionally, the ice-covered tower point position data comprises tower point coordinates corresponding to each tower respectively; the meteorological monitoring data comprise average air temperature and average humidity respectively corresponding to each tower point coordinate; the average temperature and humidity distribution map determining submodule is specifically used for:
loading each tower point coordinate, average air temperature and average humidity in the grid area diagram;
calculating the space distance between each grid position point of the grid area diagram and each tower point coordinate respectively, and calculating the distance and value of all the space distances;
calculating the ratio between each space distance and the distance and value to obtain the distance weight corresponding to each grid position point;
substituting each average gas temperature and each distance weight into a preset temperature calculation formula and vectorizing according to each grid position point to obtain an average temperature distribution map;
and substituting each average humidity and each distance weight into a preset humidity calculation formula and vectorizing according to each grid position point to obtain an average humidity distribution diagram.
Optionally, the regional digital elevation data comprises a pixel value horizontal change rate and a pixel value vertical change rate corresponding to a grid where each grid position point is located in the grid regional graph; the terrain distribution result determination submodule is specifically used for:
According to the pixel value horizontal change rate and the pixel value vertical change rate corresponding to each grid, respectively calculating the gradient and the slope direction corresponding to each grid position point;
determining the gradient grade and the gradient grade of each grid based on the gradient and the gradient respectively matched with a preset gradient table;
respectively acquiring main wind directions corresponding to the grids from a preset wind direction rose;
calculating a slope difference value between the main wind direction and each slope direction;
and determining the slope type corresponding to each grid based on the comparison result of each slope difference value and the preset angle threshold value.
Optionally, the regional digital elevation data includes a tower call elevation value corresponding to a tower; the call-up level determination submodule is specifically configured to:
calculating a peak value difference between the maximum pole peak value and the minimum pole peak value;
calculating the ratio between the calling height difference value and the preset class number to obtain the calling height class interval;
and determining the corresponding calling high grade of each tower one by one in the grid area diagram according to the matching result between the calling high value of each tower and the calling high grade interval.
Optionally, the icing susceptibility matrix is:
wherein a is ji To be the relative importance of the i factor to the j factor,
optionally, the profile drawing module 505 is specifically configured to:
Forming an influence factor vector by adopting data of each influence factor;
calculating dot multiplication values between each influence weight and each influence factor vector to obtain icing susceptibility indexes corresponding to each pixel in the grid area diagram;
classifying the icing susceptibility indexes into a predetermined number of icing grades by adopting an equal division method;
and respectively drawing colors corresponding to the ice coating grades on each pixel to generate an ice coating easily-generated regional distribution map.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
the target relative importance degree selecting module is used for selecting at least one target relative importance degree from the icing susceptibility degree matrix if the consistency test fails;
and the adjustment circulation module is used for reducing the relative importance degree of the target according to a preset attenuation gradient until the consistency check is passed.
It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the apparatus and modules described above may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which is not repeated herein.
In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the modules is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, for example, multiple modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or modules, which may be in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.
The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules, i.e., may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network modules. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each module may exist alone physically, or two or more modules may be integrated into one module. The integrated modules may be implemented in hardware or in software functional modules.
The integrated modules, if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art or in whole or in part in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, comprising several instructions for causing an electronic device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a power grid icing region distribution map drawing method which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring region basic data corresponding to a region to be drawn, and creating a corresponding grid region diagram;
determining influence factor data under a plurality of preset influence types in the grid area diagram according to the area basic data;
constructing an icing vulnerability matrix in response to the significance scores input for each of the impact types, and performing consistency test;
if the consistency test is passed, normalizing the feature vector corresponding to the maximum feature root of the icing susceptibility matrix, and extracting the influence weight corresponding to each influence type;
And respectively calculating icing susceptibility indexes of each pixel in the grid region graph according to each influence weight and each influence factor data, and drawing an icing susceptibility region distribution map.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the impact types include a meteorological factor type, a hydrological factor type, a topography factor type, and a tower factor type; the step of determining influence factor data under a plurality of preset influence types in the grid region graph according to the region basic data comprises the following steps:
extracting meteorological monitoring data, a water system network diagram, ice-covered pole tower point position data and regional digital elevation data from the regional basic data;
determining an average temperature and humidity distribution map under the meteorological factor type in the grid area map according to the meteorological monitoring data and the ice-covered tower point position data;
grading the water system network diagram according to a preset step length, and determining a water system grading diagram under the hydrologic factor type in the grid area diagram;
determining a terrain distribution result under the terrain factor type in the grid area diagram according to the area digital elevation data;
And determining the calling high level corresponding to each tower one by one in the grid area diagram according to the area digital elevation data and the ice-covered tower point position data.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
and if the meteorological monitoring data and the ice-covered tower point position data do not exist in the region basic data, calling a preset geographic information system to acquire the meteorological monitoring data and the ice-covered tower point position data corresponding to the region to be drawn and vectorizing.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the ice-covered tower point location data includes tower point coordinates corresponding to each tower respectively; the meteorological monitoring data comprise average air temperature and average humidity respectively corresponding to the tower point coordinates; the step of determining an average temperature and humidity distribution diagram under the meteorological factor type in the grid area diagram according to the meteorological monitoring data and the ice-covered tower point position data comprises the following steps:
loading each of the tower point coordinates, the average gas temperature and the average humidity in the grid area diagram;
calculating the space distance between each grid position point of the grid area diagram and each tower point coordinate respectively, and calculating the distance sum value of all the space distances;
Calculating the ratio between each space distance and the distance sum value to respectively obtain the distance weight corresponding to each grid position point;
substituting each average gas temperature and each distance weight into a preset temperature calculation formula and vectorizing according to each grid position point to obtain an average temperature distribution map;
and substituting the average humidity and the distance weight into a preset humidity calculation formula and vectorizing the average humidity and the distance weight according to the grid position points to obtain an average humidity distribution diagram.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the regional digital elevation data includes a horizontal rate of change of pixel values and a vertical rate of change of pixel values corresponding to a grid in which each grid location point in the grid regional map is located; the step of determining a terrain distribution result under the terrain factor type in the grid area graph according to the area digital elevation data comprises the following steps:
according to the pixel value horizontal change rate and the pixel value vertical change rate corresponding to each grid, respectively calculating the gradient and the slope direction corresponding to each grid position point;
determining the gradient grade and the gradient grade of each grid based on the gradient and the gradient respectively matched with a preset gradient table;
Respectively acquiring main wind directions corresponding to the grids from a preset wind direction rose;
calculating a slope difference between the main wind direction and each slope;
and determining the slope type corresponding to each grid based on the comparison result of the slope difference value and the preset angle threshold value.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the regional digital elevation data comprises a tower call height value for a tower; the step of determining the calling high level corresponding to each tower one by one in the grid area diagram according to the area digital elevation data and the ice-covered tower point position data comprises the following steps:
calculating a peak value difference between the maximum pole peak value and the minimum pole peak value;
calculating the ratio between the calling height difference value and the preset class number to obtain a calling height class interval;
and determining the corresponding calling high grade of each tower one by one in the grid area diagram according to the matching result between the calling high value of each tower and the calling high grade interval.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the ice-on susceptibility matrix is:
wherein a is ji To be the relative importance of the i factor to the j factor,
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the icing susceptibility index of each pixel in the grid area map based on each of the impact weights and each of the impact factor data, and plotting the icing susceptibility area map comprises:
forming an influence factor vector by adopting data of each influence factor;
calculating point multiplication values between the influence weights and the influence factor vectors to obtain icing susceptibility indexes corresponding to the pixels in the grid region diagram respectively;
classifying the icing susceptibility index into a predetermined number of icing grades by an equal division method;
and respectively drawing colors corresponding to the ice coating grades on the pixels to generate an ice coating easily-generated regional distribution map.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
if the consistency test is not passed, selecting at least one target relative importance degree from the icing susceptibility matrix;
the relative importance of the target is reduced according to a preset attenuation gradient until the consistency test is passed.
10. The utility model provides a power grid icing area distribution diagram drawing device that easily appears which characterized in that includes:
The data acquisition module is used for acquiring region basic data corresponding to a region to be drawn and creating a corresponding grid region diagram;
the influence factor data determining module is used for determining influence factor data under a plurality of preset influence types in the grid region graph according to the region basic data;
the matrix construction and consistency check module is used for constructing an icing susceptibility matrix according to the significance scores input for each influence type and executing consistency check;
the influence weight extraction module is used for normalizing the feature vector corresponding to the maximum feature root of the icing susceptibility matrix if the consistency test is passed, and extracting the influence weight corresponding to each influence type;
and the distribution map drawing module is used for respectively calculating icing susceptibility indexes of all pixels in the grid region map according to the influence weights and the influence factor data, and drawing an icing susceptibility region distribution map.
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