CN117572671A - Controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film, radiation refrigeration glass and window - Google Patents
Controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film, radiation refrigeration glass and window Download PDFInfo
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- CN117572671A CN117572671A CN202410035499.3A CN202410035499A CN117572671A CN 117572671 A CN117572671 A CN 117572671A CN 202410035499 A CN202410035499 A CN 202410035499A CN 117572671 A CN117572671 A CN 117572671A
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
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Classifications
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- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
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- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/20—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
- F25B23/003—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect using selective radiation effect
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- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/208—Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0102—Constructional details, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
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- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2417—Light path control; means to control reflection
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of flexible transparent composite films, in particular to a controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film, radiation refrigeration glass and a window, wherein the composite film comprises a radiation control layer, a radiation refrigeration layer and an electrostatic adsorption layer, and the radiation control layer can control the color or the conductivity of the film layer by applying current or voltage; the radiation refrigerating layer has high reflection to near infrared wave band in solar radiation and high emission to 'atmospheric window' wave band; the electrostatic adsorption layer enhances the adhesion effect of the composite film on glass. The radiation refrigerating effect is realized without influencing the light transmission effect when the radiation refrigerating effect is realized for high transmission of visible light, high reflection of near infrared wave band and high emission of 'atmospheric window' wave band; the radiation control layer realizes the switching action on radiation refrigeration, thereby achieving the purpose of controllable radiation refrigeration; and the glass surface is adhered by the electrostatic adsorption effect of the electrostatic adsorption layer, the whole keeps flexible, and therefore the conformal adhesion to any glass surface is kept.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flexible transparent composite films, in particular to a controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film, radiation refrigeration glass and a window.
Background
At present, people mainly improve indoor comfort level through air conditioning, ventilation equipment, heat pumps (indoor heat is discharged outdoors through a refrigeration cycle system to achieve the effect of cooling) and other refrigeration equipment, and the refrigeration technologies adopt the traditional vapor compression technology, so that the energy consumption is high, and the carbon emission is serious; according to the statistics of the international energy agency, since 2000, the annual average increase rate of refrigeration energy consumption for building facilities in China exceeds 13 percent. The radiation refrigeration can dissipate the heat rays of the earth to cold outer space through an atmospheric window, so that the solar energy heat-dissipating device is a passive heat-dissipating technology without energy consumption; the window is used as an important channel for solar radiation transduction in building facilities, and researches show that building energy consumption can be reduced by about 50% by installing intelligent windows to realize cooling, heating and illumination regulation and control of buildings. In view of this, finding and developing radiant refrigeration technology for use with window glass is significant in promoting energy conservation.
The traditional window glass has high transparency to solar radiation electromagnetic waves, and a near infrared band (wavelength of 0.7um to 2.5 um) in a solar radiation spectrum can easily penetrate, so that indoor refrigeration energy consumption is increased; the radiation refrigeration technology achieves the purpose of radiation refrigeration by improving the reflectivity of a near infrared band and the emissivity of an 'atmospheric window' band (the heat rays of a far infrared band, the wavelengths of which are 8um to 13 um) in a solar radiation spectrum. The invention patent with the publication number of CN115504771B provides a radiation refrigeration fiber film with near infrared band reflectivity up to 0.95 and 'atmospheric window' band emissivity of 0.93 through silicon-aluminum fiber aerogel, but has low visible light band (wavelength of 0.4um to 0.7 um) transmittance, and is not suitable for the transparent window glass field; the invention patent with publication number of CN116394610A provides a radiation refrigeration film with average transmissivity of visible light wave band larger than 0.6, reflectivity of near infrared wave band larger than 0.8 and emissivity of 'atmospheric window' wave band larger than 0.95 by constructing a polymer-metal-polymer structure, but the closing of the radiation refrigeration function is difficult to be completed, and the application range is limited, for example, the radiation refrigeration function needs to be closed under extremely cold weather conditions; the invention patent with publication number of CN108656682A realizes the radiation refrigeration film with adjustable cooling effect through the thermochromic material, but does not relate to the adhesion technology aiming at the smooth glass surface.
The technology for realizing radiation refrigeration disclosed at present is applicable to window glass, and has the following problems: (1) low visible light transmittance, affecting the lighting performance of the glass; (2) Only a single radiation refrigeration technology can be realized, and the application range needs to be further improved, such as closing the radiation refrigeration function under the condition of extremely cold weather; (3) It is difficult to adhere to a smooth window glass surface and cannot be easily removed and replaced.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a flexible transparent composite film with controllable radiation refrigeration and glass adhesion, which has high transmittance in the visible light band, high reflectivity in the near infrared band, high emissivity in the 'atmospheric window' band, controllable radiation and glass adhesion functions, is beneficial to popularization and application of intelligent radiation refrigeration windows, and reduces indoor refrigeration energy consumption of buildings, automobiles and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention solves the defects that the visible light transmittance is low, the radiation refrigeration function cannot be actively closed and the glass surface is difficult to adhere to a smooth window glass in the prior art, and has the advantages of high transmittance for a visible light wave band, high reflectivity in a near infrared wave band, high emissivity in an atmospheric window wave band, and the functions of controllable radiation and adhesion to the glass surface.
The embodiment of the invention firstly provides a controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film (hereinafter referred to as composite film), which is of a multi-layer composite film structure, keeps good flexibility as a whole, can be conformally attached on any curved surface, and has good transmissivity to visible light; the composite film comprises from top to bottom: a radiation control layer, a radiation refrigeration layer and an electrostatic adsorption layer.
The radiation control layer can control the color or conductivity of the film layer by applying current or voltage so as to realize the switching action on radiation refrigeration;
the radiation refrigerating layer reflects near infrared wave bands in sunlight and emits the near infrared wave bands in an atmospheric window, reflects the near infrared wave bands in the sunlight, and simultaneously scatters indoor far infrared heat rays to cold space through the atmospheric window, so that the radiation refrigerating effect is achieved;
the electrostatic adsorption layer is in direct contact with the surface of the glass through the electrostatic adsorption effect, so that the adhesion effect of the controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film on the glass is enhanced.
The electrostatic adsorption layer comprises a transparent packaging layer, a transparent electrode layer and a transparent dielectric layer, wherein the transparent dielectric layer is positioned at the lowest layer and is in direct contact with the surface of glass; the transparent electrode layer is positioned on the transparent dielectric layer and plays a role in electrostatic adsorption by coaction with the transparent dielectric layer, so that the adhesion strength between the composite film and the glass surface is enhanced; the transparent packaging layer is arranged above the transparent electrode layer and below the radiation refrigerating layer, and plays a role in protecting the transparent electrode layer.
As some embodiments of the invention, the transparent dielectric layer has a dielectric constant > 2.5.
As some embodiments of the present invention, the radiation control layer, the radiation refrigeration layer, and the electrostatic adsorption layer are made from the same flexible transparent substrate, and remain transmissive to visible light and the same refractive index.
As some embodiments of the invention, the radiation control layer comprises a functional layer and a control electrode; the functional layer can change color or conductivity under the action of the control electrode, for example, the functional layer is switched between transparent color and dark color or between a metal state and a semiconductor state, so that internal heat can be isolated from being emitted outwards, and the radiation refrigeration function is realized.
As some embodiments of the invention, the control electrode is a single sided unipolar electrode, located above and/or below the functional layer.
As further embodiments of the present invention, the control electrode is a bipolar electrode including an upper electrode and a lower electrode, the upper electrode being located above the functional layer, and the lower electrode being located below the functional layer.
As some embodiments of the present invention, the functional layer is prepared by coating or mixing functional particle materials in a flexible transparent substrate.
As some embodiments of the present invention, the functional particle material is a phase change functional unit material or a color change functional unit material.
As some embodiments of the invention, the color-changing functional unit material may be, but is not limited to, a poly-N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogel, a thermally responsive liquid crystal polymer, or WO 3 。
As some embodiments of the present invention, the phase change functional unit material may be, but is not limited to, VO 2 。
As some embodiments of the present invention, the control electrode is a flexible transparent electrode, and is made of AgNWs and a flexible transparent substrate, and may be, but not limited to, formed by preparing the electrode pattern i on the flexible transparent substrate or the functional layer by means of inkjet printing, stencil printing or photolithography; the electrode pattern I is a unipolar electrode pattern.
As some embodiments of the present invention, the control electrode is a flexible transparent electrode, made of AgNWs and a flexible transparent substrate, and is formed by preparing an electrode pattern ii, which is a bipolar electrode pattern, on the flexible transparent substrate or the functional layer, and is composed of an upper electrode pattern located in the upper electrode and a lower electrode pattern located in the lower electrode together.
Preferably, the electrode pattern i is a single-sided unipolar serpentine electrode pattern or a single-sided unipolar folded line electrode pattern.
Preferably, the electrode pattern ii is an upper and lower flat bipolar electrode pattern.
As some embodiments of the present invention, the radiation refrigeration layer includes a transparent emission layer, a transparent reflection layer and a transparent medium layer, where the transparent emission layer has high emissivity in the far infrared heat ray of the "atmospheric window" band, so as to realize the radiation of the far infrared heat ray in the indoor heat radiation to the "atmospheric window"; the transparent reflecting layer is arranged below the transparent emitting layer, has high reflectivity in a near infrared band in a solar radiation spectrum, and is used for reflecting sunlight in the near infrared band to avoid radiation heating; the transparent dielectric layer is positioned below the transparent reflecting layer.
As some embodiments of the invention, the transparent reflective layer is metallic silver.
As some embodiments of the present invention, the transparent reflective layer has a thickness of 10nm to 120nm, and may be prepared by deposition on a flexible transparent substrate by a magnetron sputtering coating method or a physical vapor deposition method.
As a preference for some embodiments of the invention, the metallic silver has a thickness of 90nm.
As some embodiments of the present invention, the transparent emission layer and the transparent dielectric layer are flexible transparent polymer substrates, such that the transparent emission layer, the transparent reflection layer, and the transparent dielectric layer of the radiant refrigeration layer form a transparent polymer-metal-transparent polymer structure, thereby enhancing the transmission of visible light.
As some embodiments of the present invention, the transparent electrode layer can have transparency, high conductivity and ductility, and is prepared from AgNWs and a flexible transparent substrate, and may be, but is not limited to, formed by preparing the electrode pattern iii into the flexible transparent substrate by means of inkjet printing, stencil printing or photolithography; the electrode pattern III is a coplanar bipolar electrode pattern.
As a preference to some embodiments of the invention, the electrode pattern iii may be, but is not limited to, a rectangular comb electrode pattern or a concentric circular comb electrode pattern.
As some embodiments of the invention, the flexible transparent substrate is a flexible polymer that has high emissivity to visible light transmission and the "atmospheric window" band.
As a preference for some embodiments of the invention, the flexible transparent substrate is Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
The embodiment of the invention further provides radiation refrigeration glass, wherein any one of the controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite films is attached to one side of a glass substrate.
The embodiment of the invention finally provides a radiation refrigeration window, which uses the radiation refrigeration glass, and one side attached with the controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film is positioned outdoors.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
the controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film disclosed by the invention has high transmission of visible light, high reflection of near infrared wave bands and high emission of 'atmospheric window' wave bands, and the radiation refrigeration effect is realized without influencing the light transmission effect; the radiation control layer realizes the switching action on radiation refrigeration, thereby achieving the purpose of controllable radiation refrigeration; and the glass surface is adhered by the electrostatic adsorption effect of the electrostatic adsorption layer, the whole keeps flexible, and therefore the conformal adhesion to any glass surface is kept.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible transparent composite film for controlled radiation refrigeration according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the radiation refrigeration of the flexible transparent composite film of the controllable radiation refrigeration of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the shutdown refrigeration function of the flexible transparent composite film for controlled radiation refrigeration according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible transparent composite film for controlled radiation refrigeration according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the radiation refrigeration of the flexible transparent composite film of the embodiment 3 of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the shutdown refrigeration function of the flexible transparent composite film for controlled radiation refrigeration according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible transparent composite film for controlled radiation refrigeration according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.
The reference numerals are: 1. a radiation control layer; 11. a functional layer; 12. a control electrode; 12a, upper electrode; 12b, a lower electrode; 2. a radiation refrigeration layer; 21. a transparent emissive layer; 22. a transparent reflective layer; 23. a transparent dielectric layer; 3. an electrostatic adsorption layer; 31. a transparent encapsulation layer; 32. a transparent electrode layer; 33. a transparent dielectric layer.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme and the preparation method in the embodiment are described in detail and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present invention and other embodiments, which are obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: the embodiment provides a controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film, which is in a multi-layer composite film structure as shown in fig. 1, and the whole body of the composite film keeps good flexibility and can be conformally attached on any curved surface; the composite film comprises from top to bottom: a radiation control layer 1, a radiation refrigeration layer 2 and an electrostatic adsorption layer 3.
The radiation control layer 1 can realize the switching action on radiation refrigeration by applying current or voltage, and the switching control on radiation refrigeration is realized by changing the color of the radiation control layer 1 by applying voltage in the embodiment;
the radiation refrigerating layer 2 has high reflection on near infrared wave bands and high emission on far infrared heat rays, reflects the near infrared wave band sunlight in sunlight out, and simultaneously scatters indoor far infrared heat rays to space through an atmospheric window, so that the radiation refrigerating effect is achieved;
the electrostatic adsorption layer 3 is in direct contact with the surface of the glass through electrostatic adsorption effect, so that the adhesion effect of the composite film on the glass is enhanced.
The electrostatic adsorption layer 3 comprises a transparent encapsulation layer 31, a transparent electrode layer 32 and a transparent dielectric layer 33, wherein the transparent dielectric layer 33 is positioned at the lowest layer and is in direct contact with the surface of glass, and the dielectric coefficient is more than 2.5; the transparent electrode layer 32 is positioned on the transparent dielectric layer 33, and plays a role in electrostatic adsorption by coaction with the transparent dielectric layer 33, so that the adhesion strength between the composite film and the glass surface is enhanced; the transparent encapsulation layer 31 is arranged above the transparent electrode layer 32 and below the radiation refrigeration layer 2, and plays a role in protecting the transparent electrode layer 32.
The radiation control layer 1 comprises a functional layer 11 and a control electrode 12; the functional layer 11 can be changed from transparent color to dark color under the action of the control electrode 12, thereby isolating the internal heat from being emitted outwards and further closing the radiation refrigeration function.
In this embodiment, the control electrode 12 is a double-sided bipolar electrode, including an upper electrode 12a and a lower electrode 12b, sandwiching the functional layer 11; the functional layer 11 is an electrochromic flexible film and is prepared by mixing color-changing functional unit materials in a flexible transparent base material; the color-changing functional unit material adopted in the embodiment is WO 3 。
The control electrode 12 is a flexible transparent electrode, and is prepared from AgNWs and a flexible transparent substrate, and in this embodiment, the electrode pattern ii is prepared into the flexible transparent substrate and the functional layer 11 by an inkjet printing manner, and of course, in other embodiments, the electrode pattern ii may be prepared by a method such as stencil printing or photolithography; electrode pattern II is an upper and lower plate bipolar electrode pattern.
The radiation refrigeration layer 2 comprises a transparent emission layer 21, a transparent reflection layer 22 and a transparent medium layer 23, wherein the transparent emission layer 21 has high emissivity in an atmospheric window wave band, and realizes radiation of indoor far infrared thermal rays to the atmospheric window; the transparent reflecting layer 22 is arranged below the transparent emitting layer 21, has high reflectivity for near infrared wave bands in sunlight, and is used for reflecting the sunlight in the near infrared wave bands to avoid radiation heating; the transparent dielectric layer 23 is located below the transparent reflective layer 22.
The transparent reflective layer 22 is metallic silver and has a thickness of 90nm.
The preparation process of the controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a precursor of the flexible transparent substrate: PDMS prepolymer A solution and crosslinking agent B solution are mixed according to the following ratio of 10: and (3) uniformly mixing the materials according to the mass ratio, and carrying out vacuum treatment for 5min to remove bubbles generated in the mixing process, thereby obtaining the PDMS precursor solution.
S2, firstly preparing an electrostatic adsorption layer 3:
s21, spin-coating a PDMS precursor solution on a flat substrate such as PET or a silicon wafer to obtain a flat and uniform PDMS film, and curing to obtain a transparent dielectric layer 33;
s22, preparing an AgNWs electrode pattern III on the prepared transparent dielectric layer 33 through an ink-jet printing process, wherein the electrode pattern III is a coplanar bipolar electrode pattern, and in the embodiment, a rectangular comb electrode pattern is adopted, so that the preparation of the transparent electrode layer 32 is completed;
and S23, finally, spin-coating a layer of PDMS precursor solution on the transparent electrode layer 32 to form a uniform PDMS film, and curing to finish the preparation of the transparent packaging layer 31.
S3, preparing a radiation refrigeration layer 2:
s31, spin-coating a layer of PDMS precursor solution on the transparent packaging layer 31 to form a uniform PDMS film, and curing to complete the preparation of the transparent dielectric layer 23; the prepared transparent packaging layer 31 can also be directly used as the transparent medium layer 23, so that the spin coating and curing times can be reduced;
s32, preparing a layer of Ag metal film with the thickness of about 90nm on the transparent dielectric layer 23 by using a physical vapor deposition method, and taking the Ag metal film as the transparent reflecting layer 22;
and S33, finally, spin-coating a layer of PDMS precursor solution on the transparent reflecting layer 22 to form a uniform PDMS film, and curing to finish the preparation of the transparent reflecting layer 21.
S4, finally preparing a radiation control layer 1:
s41, firstly preparing a lower electrode 12b, and preparing a lower electrode pattern of an AgNWs transparent electrode pattern II on a transparent emission layer 21 through an ink-jet printing process, wherein the lower electrode pattern is of a planar electrode structure; a layer of PDMS precursor solution can be spin-coated on the transparent emission layer 21 to form a uniform PDMS film, and the lower electrode 12b is prepared after curing;
s42, preparing a functional layer 11, coating a thermochromic material WO on the prepared lower electrode 12b by a magnetron sputtering method 3 Thereby completing the preparation of the functional layer 11;
and S43, finally preparing an upper electrode 12a, preparing an upper electrode pattern of an AgNWS transparent electrode pattern II on the prepared functional layer 11 through an ink-jet printing process, wherein the upper electrode pattern is of a planar electrode structure, then spin-coating a layer of PDMS precursor solution to form a uniform PDMS film, and curing to finish the preparation of the upper electrode 12 a.
Wherein the upper electrode pattern and the lower electrode pattern together form an upper and a lower flat bipolar electrode pattern.
In order to improve the curing efficiency, the curing process in this embodiment is to cure the PDMS film in a blower dryer at 80 ℃, and in other embodiments, the curing process may be performed by natural air drying or other processes capable of achieving PDMS curing.
Thus, the preparation of the controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film is completed.
Because each layer is made of flexible transparent material PDMS, the whole transparent electrode layer has good deformability, can keep conformal adhesion with any glass surface under the combined action of the transparent dielectric layer 33 and the transparent electrode layer 32, and has high transmission to visible light.
As shown in fig. 2, WO of the functional layer 11 when no voltage is applied to the control electrode 12 3 The transparent emission layer 21 is made of PDMS material, and has an emissivity of 90% for far infrared heat rays F in the "atmospheric window", and the transparent reflection layer 22 made of a 90nm thick Ag metal film has an reflectivity of 90% for near infrared band N, at which time the radiation cooling function is turned on.
In order to further test the refrigerating performance of the controllable radiation refrigerating flexible transparent composite film of the embodiment, the composite film prepared by the embodiment is stuck on the surface of glass, voltage is applied to the transparent electrode layer 32, and the composite film is tightly adhered on the surface of the glass under the action of electrostatic adsorption; the glass adhered with the composite film is inlaid on a window, so that one side with the composite film is positioned outdoors, and the test shows that the light transmittance of the window in the visible light wave band V is over 78 percent, and compared with the glass window not adhered with the composite film, the light transmittance is reduced by less than 10 percent, and the light transmittance requirement is met; meanwhile, at 12 pm: 25-12: 55, the indoor temperature of the glass window adhered with the composite film is lower than that of the glass window without the composite film by 4.9 ℃, which shows that the composite film has good refrigerating effect when applied to the glass window.
As shown in fig. 3, when the control electrode 12 is applied with a voltage, the functional layer 11 turns into a dark color, the composite film has a low emissivity to far infrared heat rays in the "atmospheric window" band, and the radiation refrigeration function is turned off.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects or advantages:
(1) The transparent substrate PDMS and the transparent electrode AgNWs are integrally adopted, so that the light transmittance of the film layer is improved;
(2) The control electrode 12 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the film radiation refrigeration function with or without voltage application, so as to achieve the function of controllable radiation refrigeration;
(3) The electrostatic adsorption effect is formed by applying a voltage through the transparent electrode layer 32 so that the film layer can be stably adhered to a smooth glass surface.
Example 2: this example provides a flexible transparent composite film for controlled radiation refrigeration, which has a structure and a manufacturing process identical to those of example 1, except that the transparent reflective layer 22 has a thickness of 40nm. In the embodiment, the transmittance of the composite film for visible light is more than 79%, the emissivity for far infrared heat rays in an atmospheric window wave band is 90%, and the reflectivity for near infrared wave band in sunlight is 90%.
WO of the functional layer 11 when no voltage is applied to the control electrode 12 3 The radiation refrigerating function is started when the radiation refrigerating function is transparent.
In order to further test the refrigerating performance of the controllable radiation refrigerating flexible transparent composite film of the embodiment, the composite film prepared by the embodiment is stuck on the surface of glass, voltage is applied to the transparent electrode layer 32, and the composite film is tightly adhered on the surface of the glass under the action of electrostatic adsorption; the glass adhered with the composite film is inlaid on a window, so that one side with the composite film is positioned outdoors, and the test shows that the light transmittance of the window in the visible light wave band is more than 79 percent, and compared with the glass window not adhered with the composite film, the light transmittance is reduced by less than 10 percent, and the light transmittance requirement is met; meanwhile, at 12 pm: 25-12: 55, the indoor temperature of the glass window adhered with the composite film is lower than that of the glass window without the composite film by 5.1 ℃, which shows that the composite film has good refrigerating effect when applied to the glass window.
When voltage is applied to the control electrode 12, the functional layer 11 turns into a dark color, the far infrared heat ray emissivity of the composite film to the 'atmospheric window' wave band is very low, and the radiation refrigeration function is turned off.
Example 3: the embodiment provides a controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film, which is in a multi-layer composite film structure as shown in fig. 4, and the whole body of the composite film keeps good flexibility and can be conformally attached on any curved surface; the composite film comprises from top to bottom: a radiation control layer 1, a radiation refrigeration layer 2 and an electrostatic adsorption layer 3.
The radiation control layer 1 can realize the switching action on radiation refrigeration by applying current;
the radiation refrigerating layer 2 has high reflection on the near infrared band of sunlight and high emission on the 'atmospheric window' band, reflects the near infrared sunlight in the sunlight out, and simultaneously scatters indoor far infrared heat rays to space through the atmospheric window, thereby achieving the radiation refrigerating effect;
the electrostatic adsorption layer 3 is in direct contact with the surface of the glass through electrostatic adsorption effect, so that the adhesion effect of the composite film on the glass is enhanced.
The electrostatic adsorption layer 3 comprises a transparent encapsulation layer 31, a transparent electrode layer 32 and a transparent dielectric layer 33, wherein the transparent dielectric layer 33 is positioned at the lowest layer and is in direct contact with the surface of glass, and the dielectric coefficient is more than 2.5; the transparent electrode layer 32 is positioned on the transparent dielectric layer 33, and plays a role in electrostatic adsorption by coaction with the transparent dielectric layer 33, so that the adhesion strength between the composite film and the glass surface is enhanced; the transparent encapsulation layer 31 is arranged above the transparent electrode layer 32 and below the radiation refrigeration layer 2, and plays a role in protecting the transparent electrode layer 32.
The radiation control layer 1 comprises a functional layer 11 and a control electrode 12; the functional layer 11 can be changed from a metal state to a semiconductor state under the action of the control electrode 12, so that internal heat is isolated from being emitted outwards, and the radiation refrigeration function is further closed.
In this embodiment, the control electrode 12 is a single-sided unipolar electrode, and is located under the functional layer 11; the functional layer 11 is prepared by covering a phase change functional unit material in a flexible transparent substrate; the phase change functional unit material is VO 2 。
The control electrode 12 is a flexible transparent electrode, and is prepared from AgNWs and a flexible transparent substrate, and the electrode pattern i is prepared into the flexible transparent substrate by inkjet printing in this embodiment; the electrode pattern I is a unipolar electrode pattern; in other embodiments of the present application, the control electrode 12 may also be prepared by stencil printing or photolithography, etc. to achieve the electrode pattern i.
The radiation refrigeration layer 2 comprises a transparent emission layer 21, a transparent reflection layer 22 and a transparent medium layer 23, wherein the transparent emission layer 21 has high emissivity in an atmospheric window wave band, and realizes radiation of indoor far infrared thermal rays to the atmospheric window; the transparent reflecting layer 22 is arranged below the transparent emitting layer 21, has high reflectivity for near infrared wave bands in sunlight, and is used for reflecting the sunlight in the near infrared wave bands to avoid radiation heating; the transparent dielectric layer 23 is located below the transparent reflective layer 22.
In this embodiment, the transparent reflective layer 22 is silver metal, and has a thickness of 90nm.
The preparation process of the controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a precursor of the flexible transparent substrate: PDMS prepolymer A solution and crosslinking agent B solution are mixed according to the following ratio of 10: and (3) uniformly mixing the materials according to the mass ratio, and carrying out vacuum treatment for 5min to remove bubbles generated in the mixing process, thereby obtaining the PDMS precursor solution.
S2, firstly preparing an electrostatic adsorption layer 3:
s21, spin-coating a PDMS precursor solution on a flat substrate such as PET or a silicon wafer to obtain a flat and uniform PDMS film, and curing to obtain a transparent dielectric layer 33;
s22, preparing an AgNWs electrode pattern III on the prepared transparent dielectric layer 33 through an ink-jet printing process, wherein the electrode pattern III is a coplanar bipolar electrode pattern, and in the embodiment, a rectangular comb electrode pattern is adopted, so that the preparation of the transparent electrode layer 32 is completed;
and S23, finally, spin-coating a layer of PDMS precursor solution on the transparent electrode layer 32 to form a uniform PDMS film, and curing to finish the preparation of the transparent packaging layer 31.
S3, preparing a radiation refrigeration layer 2:
s31, in the embodiment, a layer of PDMS precursor solution is spin-coated on the transparent packaging layer 31 to form a uniform PDMS film, and the preparation of the transparent dielectric layer 23 is completed after curing; the prepared transparent packaging layer 31 can be used as the transparent medium layer 23, and the transparent reflecting layer 22 can be directly prepared on the surface of the transparent packaging layer;
s32, preparing a layer of Ag metal film with the thickness of about 90nm on the transparent dielectric layer 23 by using a physical vapor deposition method, and taking the Ag metal film as the transparent reflecting layer 22;
and S33, finally, spin-coating a layer of PDMS precursor solution on the transparent reflecting layer 22 to form a uniform PDMS film, and curing to finish the preparation of the transparent reflecting layer 21.
S4, finally preparing a radiation control layer 1:
s41, firstly preparing a control electrode 12, preparing an AgNWs transparent electrode pattern I on the prepared transparent emission layer 21 through an ink-jet printing process, wherein the electrode pattern I is a single-sided unipolar snake-shaped electrode pattern, then spin-coating a layer of PDMS precursor solution to form a uniform PDMS film, and completing the preparation of the control electrode 12 after curing;
s42, preparing the functional layer 11 again, and coating a layer of phase change functional unit material VO on the prepared control electrode 12 by a magnetron sputtering method 2 The preparation of the functional layer 11 is completed.
In order to improve the curing efficiency, the curing process in this embodiment is to cure the PDMS film in a blower dryer at 80 ℃.
Thus, the preparation of the controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film is completed.
Because each layer is made of flexible transparent materials, the whole transparent electrode layer maintains good deformability, can keep conformal adhesion with any glass surface under the combined action of the transparent dielectric layer 33 and the transparent electrode layer 32, and keeps high transmission to visible light.
As shown in fig. 5, when a current is applied to the control electrode 12, the phase change functional unit material VO of the functional layer 11 2 The temperature is 68 ℃ higher than the phase transition temperature, and the functional layer 11 is converted into a metal state; composite film integral constituting metal (VO 2 ) A dielectric (PDMS) -metal (Ag) structure, forming a fabry-perot resonance effect in the far infrared heat ray band F, significantly improving the emission capability of the far infrared heat ray F up to 92%, and the transparent reflective layer 22 made of a 90nm thick Ag metal film has a reflectivity of 90% in the near infrared band N, at which time the radiation refrigerating function is turned on.
In order to further test the refrigerating performance of the controllable radiation refrigerating flexible transparent composite film of the embodiment, the composite film prepared by the embodiment is stuck on the surface of glass, voltage is applied to the transparent electrode layer 32, and the composite film is tightly adhered on the surface of the glass under the action of electrostatic adsorption; the glass adhered with the composite film is inlaid on a window, so that one side with the composite film is positioned outdoors, and the test shows that the light transmittance of the window in the visible light wave band V is over 78 percent, and compared with the glass window not adhered with the composite film, the light transmittance is reduced by less than 10 percent, and the light transmittance requirement is met; meanwhile, at 12 pm: 25-12: 55, the indoor temperature of the glass window adhered with the composite film is lower than that of the glass window without the composite film by 5.6 ℃, which shows that the composite film has good refrigerating effect when applied to the glass window.
As shown in fig. 6, when no current is applied to the control electrode 12, the phase change functional unit material VO of the functional layer 11 2 The temperature is lower than the phase transition temperature of 68 ℃, the functional layer 11 is converted into a semiconductor state, the Fabry-Perot resonance effect cannot be formed, the far infrared heat ray emissivity of the composite film to the 'atmospheric window' wave band is very low, and the radiation refrigeration function is closed at the moment.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects or advantages:
(1) The transparent substrate PDMS and the transparent electrode AgNWs are integrally adopted, so that the light transmittance of the film layer is improved;
(2) The control electrode 12 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the radiation refrigeration function of the film layer by applying or not applying current, so as to achieve the function of controllable radiation refrigeration;
(3) The electrostatic adsorption effect is formed by applying a voltage through the transparent electrode layer 32 so that the film layer can be stably adhered to a smooth glass surface.
Example 4: the embodiment provides a controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film, as shown in fig. 7, which has a multilayer composite film structure as in embodiment 3, and is different in that the control electrode 12 is a single-sided unipolar electrode and is positioned above the functional layer 11; the present example has a far infrared heat ray emissivity of 90% in the "atmospheric window" band and a near infrared band reflectivity of 90%.
When current is applied to the control electrode 12, the radiant refrigeration function is turned on.
In order to further test the refrigerating performance of the controllable radiation refrigerating flexible transparent composite film of the embodiment, the composite film prepared by the embodiment is stuck on the surface of glass, voltage is applied to the transparent electrode layer 32, and the composite film is tightly adhered on the surface of the glass under the action of electrostatic adsorption; the glass adhered with the composite film is inlaid on a window, so that one side with the composite film is positioned outdoors, and the test shows that the light transmittance of the window in the visible light wave band is more than 79 percent, and compared with the glass window not adhered with the composite film, the light transmittance is reduced by less than 10 percent, and the light transmittance requirement is met; meanwhile, at 12 pm: 25-12: 55, the indoor temperature of the glass window adhered with the composite film is lower than that of the glass window without the composite film by 5.3 ℃, which shows that the composite film has good refrigerating effect when applied to the glass window.
When no current is applied to the control electrode 12, the functional layer 11 is converted into a semiconductor state, the far infrared heat ray emissivity of the composite film to the 'atmospheric window' wave band is very low, and the radiation refrigeration function is turned off.
Example 5: the present embodiment provides a flexible transparent composite film for controlled radiation refrigeration, which has a multilayer composite film structure as in embodiment 3, and is different in that the radiation control layer 1 is formed by sandwiching the functional layer 11 by two control electrodes 12, and the control electrodes 12 are single-sided unipolar electrodes. In this example, the emissivity of far infrared heat rays in the "atmospheric window" is 90%, and the reflectivity in the near infrared band is 90%.
When the control electrode 12 is applied with current, the phase change functional unit material VO of the functional layer 11 is caused by simultaneous heating of both sides 2 Can be quickly higher than the phase transition temperature by 68 ℃ and converted into a metal state, and the radiation refrigeration function is started.
In order to further test the refrigerating performance of the controllable radiation refrigerating flexible transparent composite film of the embodiment, the composite film prepared by the embodiment is stuck on the surface of glass, voltage is applied to the transparent electrode layer 32, and the composite film is tightly adhered on the surface of the glass under the action of electrostatic adsorption; the glass adhered with the composite film is inlaid on a window, so that one side with the composite film is positioned outdoors, and the test shows that the light transmittance of the window in the visible light wave band is more than 79 percent, and compared with the glass window not adhered with the composite film, the light transmittance is reduced by less than 10 percent, and the light transmittance requirement is met; meanwhile, at 12 pm: 25-12: 55, the indoor temperature of the glass window adhered with the composite film is reduced by about 5.9 ℃ compared with the indoor temperature of the glass window not adhered with the composite film, which shows that the composite film has good refrigerating effect when applied to the glass window.
When no current is applied to the control electrode 12, the functional layer 11 is converted into a semiconductor state, the far infrared heat ray emissivity of the composite film to the 'atmospheric window' wave band is very low, and the radiation refrigeration function is turned off.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A flexible transparent composite film for controlled radiation refrigeration, characterized in that the film comprises from top to bottom: a radiation control layer (1), a radiation refrigeration layer (2) and an electrostatic adsorption layer (3);
the radiation control layer (1) controls a switch of a film radiation refrigeration function by applying current or voltage;
the radiation refrigerating layer (2) reflects near infrared wave band sunlight in sunlight and emits the near infrared wave band sunlight in an atmospheric window, and simultaneously scatters indoor far infrared heat rays to space through the atmospheric window;
the electrostatic adsorption layer (3) is in direct contact with the surface of the glass and forms an electrostatic adsorption effect;
the electrostatic adsorption layer (3) comprises a transparent packaging layer (31), a transparent electrode layer (32) and a transparent dielectric layer (33), wherein the transparent dielectric layer (33) is positioned at the lowest layer and is in direct contact with the surface of glass; the transparent electrode layer (32) is positioned on the transparent dielectric layer (33) and plays a role in electrostatic adsorption through the coaction with the transparent dielectric layer (33); the transparent encapsulation layer (31) is arranged above the transparent electrode layer (32) and below the radiation refrigeration layer (2) to protect the transparent electrode layer (32).
2. A flexible transparent composite film for controlled radiation refrigeration according to claim 1, characterized in that said radiation refrigeration layer (2) comprises a transparent emission layer (21), a transparent reflection layer (22) and a transparent dielectric layer (23), said transparent emission layer (21) having a high emissivity in the "atmospheric window" band; the transparent reflecting layer (22) is arranged below the transparent emitting layer (21) and has high reflectivity for a near infrared band in sunlight; the transparent dielectric layer (23) is positioned below the transparent reflecting layer (22).
3. A flexible transparent composite film for controlled radiation refrigeration according to claim 1, characterized in that said radiation control layer (1) comprises a functional layer (11) and a control electrode (12); the functional layer (11) plays a role of switching the radiation refrigeration function of the film layer under the action of current or voltage of the control electrode (12).
4. A flexible transparent composite film for controlled radiation refrigeration according to claim 3, characterized in that said control electrode (12) is a single-sided unipolar electrode, located above and/or below said functional layer (11); the control electrode (12) is prepared from AgNWs and a flexible transparent substrate, and is formed by preparing an electrode pattern I into the flexible transparent substrate or the functional layer (11), wherein the electrode pattern I is a single-sided unipolar electrode pattern;
the functional layer (11) is prepared by coating or mixing functional particle materials in a flexible transparent substrate.
5. A flexible transparent composite film for controlled radiation refrigeration according to claim 3, wherein said control electrode (12) is a bipolar electrode comprising an upper electrode (12 a) and a lower electrode (12 b), said upper electrode (12 a) being located above said functional layer (11), said lower electrode (12 b) being located below said functional layer (11); the electrode pattern II is a bipolar electrode pattern and consists of an upper electrode pattern positioned in an upper electrode (12 a) and a lower electrode pattern positioned in a lower electrode (12 b);
the functional layer (11) is configured by coating or mixing functional particle materials in a flexible transparent base material.
6. The flexible transparent composite film for controlled radiation refrigeration according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the functional particle material is a phase change functional unit material or a color change functional unit material;
the color-changing functional unit material is poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide hydrogel, a thermally responsive liquid crystal polymer or WO 3 ；
The phase change functional unit material is VO 2 。
7. A flexible transparent composite film for controlled radiation refrigeration according to claim 1, wherein said transparent electrode layer (32) is made of AgNWs and a flexible transparent substrate, formed by preparing an electrode pattern iii into the flexible transparent substrate; the electrode pattern III is a coplanar bipolar electrode pattern;
the dielectric coefficient of the transparent dielectric layer (33) is more than 2.5;
the flexible transparent substrate is Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with high visible light transmittance and high emissivity to the "atmospheric window" band.
8. A flexible transparent composite film for controlled radiation refrigeration according to claim 2, wherein said transparent reflecting layer (22) is metallic silver and has a thickness of 10nm to 120nm.
9. A radiation refrigeration glass, characterized in that a controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 is attached to one side of a glass substrate.
10. A radiation refrigeration window, characterized in that the radiation refrigeration window glass adopts the radiation refrigeration glass of claim 9, and one side of the radiation refrigeration glass, to which the controllable radiation refrigeration flexible transparent composite film is attached, is positioned outdoors.
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