CN117571838A - Method and device for testing ultrasonic metamaterial complex permeability and reflection coefficient by using double hydrophones - Google Patents
Method and device for testing ultrasonic metamaterial complex permeability and reflection coefficient by using double hydrophones Download PDFInfo
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing ultrasonic metamaterial complex permeability and reflection coefficient by using a double hydrophone, which comprises the following steps: hydrophones and transducers are distributed on the left side and the right side of the ultrasonic metamaterial; measuring the distance D between the two hydrophones and the thickness D of the ultrasonic metamaterial; after the vertical water entering, the two transducers emit ultrasonic waves in sequence, and the two hydrophones respectively receive a direct signal I1, a reflected signal R1, a transmitted signal T1, a direct signal I2, a reflected signal R2 and a transmitted signal T2; calculating complex reflection coefficients of the phase information by using the direct signal I1, the direct signal I2, the reflection signal R1, the reflection signal R2, the distance D between the two hydrophones and the thickness D of the metamaterial; and calculating the complex transmission coefficient of the phase information by using the direct signal I1, the direct signal I2, the transmission signal T1, the transmission signal T2, the distance D between the two hydrophones and the thickness D of the metamaterial. The method can reduce phase calculation deviation caused by positioning error and obtain the complex transmission and reflection coefficient with amplitude and phase information.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of acoustic parameter testing, and particularly relates to a method and a device for testing ultrasonic metamaterial complex permeability and reflection coefficients by using double hydrophones.
Background
Acoustic metamaterials are a class of artificial periodic materials composed of sub-wavelength structural units with extraordinary physical properties. Through ingenious design of the structural units of the metamaterial, the transmission direction of sound waves can be accurately controlled, and therefore unique functions which are not possessed by conventional materials are achieved. In the research of acoustic metamaterials, testing the complex transmittance and reflectance of the acoustic metamaterials is one of the important performance characterizations. The Chinese patent with publication number of CN110609085A discloses an acoustic metamaterial acoustic performance measuring method based on a vector hydrophone, which comprises the following steps: according to the directivity spectrum of the vector hydrophone, the directivity of the vector hydrophone is confirmed, and the arrangement position of the vector hydrophone is confirmed; measuring and calculating vector sound intensity of each measuring position under the working condition that acoustic metamaterial is not placed; measuring and calculating vector sound intensity of each measuring position under the working condition of placing acoustic metamaterial; calculating to obtain the sound intensity reflection coefficient and the sound intensity transmission coefficient of each measuring position of the acoustic metamaterial, and the average sound intensity reflection coefficient and the average sound intensity transmission coefficient of the whole sample; and calculating to obtain the sound pressure reflection coefficient and the sound pressure transmission coefficient at each measuring position of the acoustic metamaterial, and the average sound pressure reflection coefficient and the average sound pressure transmission coefficient of the whole sample. And as disclosed in Chinese patent publication No. CN114965696A, a method and a system for measuring equivalent acoustic parameters of a soft ultrasonic gel material are disclosed, and the problem that the reflected signal of the soft gel super-structure material is too weak to be measured is solved by adding a backing material behind the soft gel super-structure material.
The amplitude test means of the transreflective coefficient is mature, but the phase test is still a great challenge. Taking the reflection coefficient as an example, the conventional phase test method is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofReceived via hydrophonePrimary reflection signal of sample,/->For the direct wave signal received by the hydrophone, L is the distance between the hydrophone and the sample, and k 0 Is the wave number of ultrasonic wave in water.
Because of factors such as relatively difficult fixing modes of the sample and the hydrophone, relatively difficult underwater distance measurement and the like, the measurement error of L is relatively large, the sample needs to be replaced and fixed for a plurality of times when the samples are tested in batches, the distance L between the hydrophone and the sample is tested for a plurality of times, and more errors can be accumulated when the performance of the samples is compared, so that the phase position of the reflection coefficient is seriously influencedAccuracy of (3).
Therefore, how to reduce the phase test deviation caused by the positioning error, so as to obtain the relatively accurate complex transmission and reflection coefficient of the metamaterial is a technical problem to be solved in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for testing ultrasonic metamaterial complex-penetration reflection coefficients by using double hydrophones, which can reduce phase calculation deviation caused by positioning errors and obtain complex-penetration reflection coefficients with amplitude and phase information.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method of testing the ultrasonic metamaterial transreflective coefficients using a dual hydrophone, the method comprising:
(1) Hydrophones and transducers are distributed on the left side and the right side of the ultrasonic metamaterial;
(2) Measuring the distance D between the two hydrophones and the thickness D of the ultrasonic metamaterial;
(3) After the vertical water entering, the two transducers emit ultrasonic waves in sequence, and the two hydrophones respectively receive a direct signal I1, a reflected signal R1, a transmitted signal T1, a direct signal I2, a reflected signal R2 and a transmitted signal T2;
(4) Calculating complex reflection coefficients of the phase information by using the direct signal I1, the direct signal I2, the reflection signal R1, the reflection signal R2, the distance D between the two hydrophones and the thickness D of the metamaterial;
(5) And calculating the complex transmission coefficient of the phase information by using the direct signal I1, the direct signal I2, the transmission signal T1, the transmission signal T2, the distance D between the two hydrophones and the thickness D of the metamaterial.
The method does not need to measure the distance between the hydrophone and the metamaterial sample, and calculates the phase by using the distance between the two hydrophones and the thickness of the sample. The method can eliminate the influence of the fixing mode of the sample and the hydrophone, and can also solve the problem of difficult underwater distance test, thereby reducing the phase calculation deviation caused by positioning error and obtaining the complex transmission and reflection coefficient with amplitude and phase information.
In step (1), the metamaterial sample used is a symmetrical material.
In the step (2), the thickness D of the metamaterial is measured by using a vernier caliper or a screw micrometer, and the distance D between two hydrophones is measured by using laser.
In the step (3), after all devices are vertically put into water, the first transducer firstly emits ultrasonic waves, the first hydrophone receives direct signals I1 and primary reflection signals R1 of ultrasonic metamaterials, and the second hydrophone receives transmission signals T1 of the ultrasonic metamaterials; after the first transducer is closed, the second transducer emits ultrasonic waves, the first hydrophone receives a transmission signal T2 of the ultrasonic metamaterial, and the second hydrophone receives a direct signal I2 and a primary reflection signal R2 of the sample.
In the step (4), the complex reflection coefficient R is calculated as follows:
wherein A is R For the amplitude of the reflection coefficient, AR 1 、AR 2 、AI 1 、AI 2 Respectively are reversedAmplitude of the emission signal R1, the reflection signal R2, the direct emission signal I1 and the direct emission signal I2;for the phase of the reflection coefficient>The phases of the reflected signal R1, the reflected signal R2, the direct signal I1 and the direct signal I2 are respectively; d is the distance between two hydrophones, D is the thickness of the metamaterial sample, and k 0 Is the wave number of ultrasonic wave in water.
According to the invention, the distance between the hydrophone and the metamaterial sample is not required to be measured when the metamaterial reflection phase is calculated, and the phase calculation deviation caused by positioning errors can be reduced by utilizing the distance between the two hydrophones and the thickness of the sample.
In step (5), the complex transmission coefficient T is calculated as follows:
wherein A is T For the amplitude of the transmission coefficient, AT 1 、AT 2 、AI 1 、AI 2 The amplitudes of the transmission signal T1, the transmission signal T2, the direct signal I1 and the direct signal I2 are respectively;for the phase of the transmission coefficient>Respectively a transmission signal T1, a transmission signal T2 and a straightThe phases of the emission signal I1 and the direct emission signal I2; d is the distance between the two hydrophones, D is the thickness of the metamaterial sample, and k 0 Is the wave number of ultrasonic wave in water.
In the invention, the distance between the hydrophone and the metamaterial sample is not required to be measured when the metamaterial transmission phase is calculated, and the phase calculation deviation caused by positioning errors is reduced by utilizing the distance between the two hydrophones and the thickness of the sample.
The invention also provides a device for testing the ultrasonic metamaterial complex transmission and reflection coefficient by using the double hydrophones, which comprises signal testing devices arranged on two sides of the ultrasonic metamaterial, wherein each signal testing device comprises a signal generator, a transducer, a hydrophone, a power amplifier and an oscilloscope, the signal generator transmits specific modulation pulse signals, the transducer converts electric signals transmitted by the signal generator into sound wave signals, the hydrophone detects sound waves transmitted in a water tank and converts the sound waves into electric signals again, and the electric signals are acquired and recorded by the oscilloscope after passing through the power amplifier and output;
the device adopts the method to test the ultrasonic metamaterial complex permeability reflection coefficient.
The method comprises the steps of measuring the distance between two hydrophones before a signal testing device enters water; the position between the two hydrophones was kept unchanged when testing different samples.
The invention provides a method and a device for testing ultrasonic metamaterial complex permeability and reflection coefficients by using a double hydrophone, aiming at the problem of phase test deviation caused by positioning errors in acoustic complex permeability and reflection coefficient test: the method can eliminate the influence of the fixing mode of the sample and the hydrophone and solve the problem of difficult underwater distance test, thereby obtaining the complex transmission and reflection coefficient with amplitude and phase information; on the basis, acoustic parameters such as equivalent density, equivalent modulus and the like can be measured by using an inversion method, and an important characterization means is provided for the acoustic metamaterial.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for testing the material's complex permeability and reflectance using the double hydrophone method;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart for testing the material's complex transreflective coefficients using the double hydrophone method;
FIG. 3 is a complex reflectance simulation test result of a steel plate, a) reflectance amplitude; b) Phase position.
FIG. 4 is a complex transmission coefficient simulation test result of a steel plate, a) transmission coefficient amplitude; b) Phase position.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings. The examples and descriptions of the present invention are provided herein for the purpose of explaining the present invention, but are not intended to be limiting.
The device diagram of the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and comprises signal testing devices arranged on two sides of an ultrasonic metamaterial, wherein the signal testing devices on two sides comprise a signal generator, a transducer (transducer 1 and transducer 2), a hydrophone (hydrophone 1 and hydrophone 2), a power amplifier and an oscilloscope, the signal generator emits a specific modulation pulse signal, the transducer converts an electric signal transmitted by the signal generator into an acoustic wave signal, the hydrophone detects the acoustic wave transmitted in a water tank and converts the acoustic wave into an electric signal again, and the signal 1 and the signal 2 are acquired and recorded and output by the oscilloscope after passing through the power amplifier.
Wherein the transducer emits a modulated pulse with a center frequency of 100kHz, which carries frequency information of 40-160 kHz. The simulation test shows that the complex reflection coefficient of the steel plate material with the thickness of 5mm is 7850kg/m 3 The sound velocity was 5600m/s.
The test flow chart is shown in fig. 2, after all devices are vertically immersed in water, a first transducer (transducer 1) firstly transmits a modulation pulse with the center frequency of 100kHz, a first hydrophone (hydrophone 1) receives a direct signal I1 and a primary reflected signal R1 after a sample, and a second hydrophone (hydrophone 2) receives a transmitted signal T1 after the sample; after the first transducer is turned off, the second transducer (transducer 2) emits a modulated pulse with a center frequency of 100kHz, the first hydrophone (hydrophone 1) receives the transmitted signal T2 through the sample, and the second hydrophone (hydrophone 2) receives the direct signal I2 and the primary reflected signal R2 through the sample.
The reflection coefficient amplitude test of the material is relatively mature and simple, namely the ratio of the amplitude of the primary reflection signal R1 to the direct signal I1 or the ratio of the amplitude of the primary reflection signal R2 to the direct signal I2 is calculated as follows:
the reflectance amplitude spectrum of the steel plate is shown as a in fig. 3, and the simulation test result is almost completely consistent with the theoretical deduction result at 40-160 kHz.
Further, the reflection coefficient phase test of the material is carried out by utilizing the double hydrophone method, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofThe phases of the reflected signal R1, the reflected signal R2, the direct signal I1 and the direct signal I2 are respectively; d is the distance between the two hydrophones, D is the thickness of the metamaterial sample, and k 0 Is the wave number of ultrasonic wave in water.
Simulation verification shows that under ideal test conditions (namely, the conditions of accurately measuring the distance between the hydrophone and the sample and the distance between the hydrophone and the hydrophone), the reflection phase test results of the double-hydrophone method and the traditional single-hydrophone method almost completely coincide within a frequency band of 40-160kHz, and the simulation test results are shown as b in fig. 3. This result demonstrates the reliability of the double hydrophone approach.
Similarly, the transmission coefficient amplitude and phase of the material are tested by using the double hydrophone method, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein A is T For the amplitude of the transmission coefficient, AT 1 、AT 2 、AI 1 、AI 2 The amplitudes of the transmission signal T1, the transmission signal T2, the direct signal I1 and the direct signal I2 are respectively;for the phase of the transmission coefficient>The phases of the transmission signal T1, the transmission signal T2, the direct signal I1 and the direct signal I2 are respectively. The test results are shown in fig. 4.
It is worth proposing that under actual test conditions, the distance between the hydrophone and the sample is difficult to accurately measure and is influenced by the sample and the fixing mode of the hydrophone, so that the phase test error of a single hydrophone method in actual test is large, the samples need to be replaced and fixed for multiple times when the samples are tested in batches, and more errors can be accumulated when the performances of the samples are compared for multiple times. On the contrary, the double hydrophone method only needs to measure the distance between two hydrophones once, then ensures that the position of the hydrophone is unchanged, and changes samples.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments and advantages of the invention will be appreciated that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the presently preferred embodiments of the invention, and that no changes, additions, substitutions and equivalents of those embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for testing the complex transreflective coefficient of an ultrasonic metamaterial by using a double hydrophone, the method comprising:
(1) Hydrophones and transducers are distributed on the left side and the right side of the ultrasonic metamaterial;
(2) Measuring the distance D between the two hydrophones and the thickness D of the ultrasonic metamaterial;
(3) After the vertical water entering, the two transducers emit ultrasonic waves in sequence, and the two hydrophones respectively receive a direct signal I1, a reflected signal R1, a transmitted signal T1, a direct signal I2, a reflected signal R2 and a transmitted signal T2;
(4) Calculating complex reflection coefficients of the phase information by using the direct signal I1, the direct signal I2, the reflection signal R1, the reflection signal R2, the distance D between the two hydrophones and the thickness D of the metamaterial;
(5) And calculating the complex transmission coefficient of the phase information by using the direct signal I1, the direct signal I2, the transmission signal T1, the transmission signal T2, the distance D between the two hydrophones and the thickness D of the metamaterial.
2. The method for testing the complex transreflective coefficient of an ultrasonic metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the metamaterial sample is a symmetrical material.
3. The method for testing the complex transreflective coefficient of an ultrasonic metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the thickness D of the metamaterial is measured by using a vernier caliper or a screw micrometer, and the distance D between the two hydrophones is measured by using a laser.
4. The method of testing the complex transreflective coefficient of an ultrasonic metamaterial using a dual hydrophone as recited in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the first transducer emits ultrasonic waves after being vertically immersed in water, the first hydrophone receives the direct signal I1 and the primary reflected signal R1 via the sample, and the second hydrophone receives the transmitted signal T1 via the ultrasonic metamaterial; after the first transducer is turned off, the second transducer emits ultrasonic waves, the first hydrophone receives the transmission signal T2 through the ultrasonic metamaterial, and the second hydrophone receives the direct signal I2 and the primary reflection signal R2 through the sample.
5. The method for testing the complex reflectance of an ultrasonic metamaterial by using a double hydrophone as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the complex reflectance R is calculated as follows:
wherein A is R For the amplitude of the reflection coefficient, A R1 、A R2 、A I1 、A I2 The amplitudes of the reflected signal R1, the reflected signal R2, the direct signal I1 and the direct signal I2 are respectively;for the phase of the reflection coefficient>The phases of the reflected signal R1, the reflected signal R2, the direct signal I1 and the direct signal I2 are respectively; d is the distance between two hydrophones, D is the thickness of the metamaterial sample, and k 0 Is the wave number of ultrasonic wave in water.
6. The method for testing the complex transmission and reflection coefficients of an ultrasonic metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the complex transmission coefficient T is calculated as follows:
wherein A is T For the amplitude of the transmission coefficient, A T1 、A T2 、A I1 、A I2 The amplitudes of the transmission signal T1, the transmission signal T2, the direct signal I1 and the direct signal I2 are respectively;for the phase of the transmission coefficient>The phases of the transmission signal T1, the transmission signal T2, the direct signal I1 and the direct signal I2 are respectively; d is the distance between two hydrophones, D is the thickness of the metamaterial sample, and k 0 Is the wave number of ultrasonic wave in water.
7. The device is characterized by comprising signal testing devices arranged on two sides of an ultrasonic metamaterial, wherein the signal testing devices comprise signal generators, transducers, hydrophones, power amplifiers and oscilloscopes, the signal generators emit specific modulation pulse signals, the transducers convert electric signals transmitted by the signal generators into sound wave signals, the hydrophones detect sound waves transmitted in a water tank and convert the sound waves into electric signals again, and the electric signals are collected and recorded by the oscilloscopes after passing through the power amplifiers and are output;
the device adopts the method of any one of claims 1-6 to test the ultrasonic metamaterial complex permeability and reflection coefficients R and T.
8. The apparatus for testing the complex transreflective coefficient of an ultrasonic metamaterial using dual hydrophones as recited in claim 7, wherein the distance between the two hydrophones is measured before the signal testing apparatus is immersed in water; the position between the two hydrophones was kept unchanged when testing different samples.
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