CN117569810A - Non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system and method - Google Patents
Non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/20—General features of equipment for removal of chippings, e.g. for loading on conveyor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/006—Ventilation at the working face of galleries or tunnels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
- E21F5/02—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires by wetting or spraying
- E21F5/04—Spraying barriers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
- E21F5/20—Drawing-off or depositing dust
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system and a method, wherein the non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system comprises an air supply device, an air draft device and a dust removal and collection center, the air supply device and the air draft device are arranged in an access way and a layered connecting channel, and the dust removal and collection center is arranged in a sectional gallery and consists of a collection pool, a plurality of collection barrels and a spraying device. The air draft device is communicated with the ore collecting barrels, the ore collecting barrels are sequentially arranged, a rotational flow fan is arranged in each barrel, an ore collecting quantity indicator is arranged at the bottom of each barrel, and adjacent barrels are communicated in a sealing mode through connecting barrels. In the stoping process, dust generated by non-blasting cut ore is discharged into an ore collecting barrel along with dirty air through an air draft device, and purified air flow after multistage purification and precipitation is discharged into a working face for recycling, and precipitated powder ore is periodically cleaned and recycled through an ore collecting quantity indicator. The utility model can effectively improve the ventilation and dust removal effects, improve the recovery rate of resources and realize safe and efficient exploitation.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of mining engineering, and particularly relates to a non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal system and a non-blasting mining dust removal method.
Background
The non-blasting mining method is a new mining process which appears in mine operation along with the progress of technology and equipment in recent years, and compared with the traditional drilling and blasting method, the non-blasting mining method adopts mechanical cutting ore-breaking, mechanical ore-outputting, no blasting materials such as explosive and detonator are adopted in the operation process, the mechanical degree of the stoping operation is high, the flow is simple and continuous, and the method has the advantages of high safety, high mining efficiency, low production cost and the like. The cantilever type heading machine is non-blasting rock equipment commonly used in mining operation due to high-efficiency tunneling efficiency. However, in the non-blasting mining process, more dust is generated by mechanical cutting, the dust is mineral powder, if the dust floats in the air for a long time, the operation of stope operators in such an environment can cause great harm to the body, so that the ventilation and dust removal of the stope are important contents in the mining process, are essential links for ensuring the safe production of the stope, and have important influences on the safety and the production efficiency of the stope operators.
At present, the traditional ventilation method mostly adopts a draw-out type local fan to discharge the dirty air containing the mineral dust into a return air shaft, and the dirty air is discharged out of the ground surface through the return air shaft, so that the problems of long ventilation distance, low ventilation efficiency, large air quantity requirement, high ventilation cost, large resource loss and the like exist, and the problems become a great restriction factor for mine safe and efficient production. Besides the traditional ventilation method, a ventilation and dust removal device is also arranged to assist ventilation and dust removal according to the actual production operation requirement. The Chinese patent application CN114704256A discloses a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method, when stopes are mined, fresh air in a segmented transportation roadway flows into the stopes through stope connecting channels or filling transportation connecting channels, sewage air of a scoured stope is converged into an upper middle section filling return air roadway through a filling return air courtyard, and a mining working face is provided with a ventilation dust removal fan for dust removal. The Chinese patent No. 112360464B provides a mechanical mining method of a medium-thickness ore body heading machine, wherein in the mining process, a truck matched with a remote control cantilever type heading machine is used for ore removal, and a wet dust removal fan is used for dust removal and ventilation operation. However, compared with the common rock drill trolley and scraper, the cantilever type heading machine has larger size and weight, relatively heavy walking and operation modes on the working face, and in the two mining methods, the dust removal fans are arranged on the stoping face for ventilation and dust removal, so that the working efficiency of the cantilever type heading machine can be influenced, the dust amount generated by cutting ore of the cantilever type heading machine is large, and the dust removal effect of the common dust removal fans is poor.
The Chinese patent application CN111502728A discloses a ventilation and dust removal method of a sliding breaking system, which comprises a pavement material well, a return air courtyard, an air inlet roadway, a return air roadway, a dust removal fan, a return air machine station, spraying equipment and water curtain equipment, wherein the spraying equipment and the water curtain equipment are arranged in the return air roadway and are positioned between the return air machine station and the return air courtyard, the spraying equipment is arranged close to the return air machine station, the water curtain equipment is arranged close to the return air courtyard, and water mist and water curtain combined dust fall is carried out in the sequence of spraying firstly and then water curtain in the air flow direction. Dust in the return air tunnel is adsorbed and falls onto the bottom plate of the return air tunnel under the combined action of spraying, water curtain and wind force, so that dust fall and dirty wind purification are completed, and the dirty wind can be recycled after purification. But this scheme can't confirm the dust fall effect, and the wet dust of falling does not recycle, has caused the wasting of resources. The Chinese patent No. 209212274U discloses a ventilation and dust removal integrated device for tunneling an underground mine tunnel, wherein a compressed air cylinder is horizontally arranged at the top of the tunneling tunnel, and a fan, an outlet connecting pipe, an elbow and a vertical connecting pipe are sequentially connected with the compressed air cylinder; the two air extraction cylinders are respectively arranged on two side wall surfaces of a tunneling roadway, the two air extraction cylinders are connected with the air outlet cylinder through a three-way pipe, the air outlet of the air outlet cylinder is connected with a wet dust removal fan arranged on the lower wind side of a middle section main roadway, a smoke sensor is respectively arranged at the height position of the air extraction cylinder on the two side walls of the tunneling roadway, the smoke sensor is connected with a fan and a variable-frequency speed regulating device arranged in the wet dust removal fan, and the variable-frequency speed regulating device automatically regulates the air quantity according to the dust concentration of the tunneling working surface detected by the smoke sensor, so that ventilation and dust removal according to needs are realized. According to the scheme, the dust concentration of a tunneling working face can be well controlled, the sewage wind is primarily purified through the wet dust removal fan, the purified dust-containing air flow can enter the underground ventilation system for circulating ventilation, but in a non-blasting mining process, the dust quantity generated by mechanical cutting is large, the dust content of the discharged dust-containing air flow is large only by one purification step of the wet dust removal fan, the dust is dissipated to other roadways or other working places, the working safety risk still exists, and a dust recovery device is not arranged, so that certain mineral resources are wasted.
Chinese patent No. 213101397U discloses a dust collector for mining that can collect dust, including the box, the bottom fixedly connected with mounting bracket of box, the bottom intercommunication on box right side has the drain valve, the top fixedly connected with motor of box, the output of motor runs through the box and fixedly connected with rotary rod, the surface fixedly connected with puddler of rotary rod. According to the utility model, through the matched use of the box body, the mounting frame, the drain valve, the dehumidifier, the connecting pipe, the motor, the water inlet pipe, the fan housing, the rotating rod, tap water, the stirring rod, the liquid level sensor, the annular pipe, the bracket, the water spraying hole, the bent pipe, the filter screen and the water inlet valve, dust in air is adsorbed through tap water, and the problems that the existing dust removing device for mining cannot collect dust well and cannot reduce the humidity in a mine are solved. However, the utility model adopts the filter screen to filter impurities in the air, and the meshes are easy to be blocked by dust impurities, so that the ventilation is affected; in addition, a small amount of dust passing through the filter screen is mixed into the air and cannot be effectively removed, so that the dust removal effect is affected; in addition, the dust removal efficiency is also affected by frequent replacement of the filter screen. In addition, the amount of dust adsorbed in the box cannot be monitored.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of poor dust removal effect, powder ore resource waste and the like in the non-blasting mining method in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a system and a method for ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery in the non-blasting mining, and can discharge dirty air containing ore dust into a dust collection center by adopting a drawing type local fan when the ore is extracted in the non-blasting mining, the dirty air is purified and the powder ore is collected by the ore collection and dust removal device, and the purified air flows back to a working face for recycling, so that the ventilation dust removal effect can be effectively improved, the resource recovery rate is improved, and safe and efficient mining is realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system comprises an air supply device and an air draft device, wherein the air supply device comprises a press-in type local fan and a first air cylinder, and the air draft device comprises a draw-out type local fan and a second air cylinder; the system also comprises a dust removal and ore collection center, wherein the dust removal and ore collection center comprises an ore collection tank and a spraying device, the spraying device is arranged above the ore collection tank, a plurality of ore collection barrels are sequentially arranged in the ore collection tank, swirl fans and ore collection quantity indicators are arranged in the barrels, and the ore collection quantity indicators are arranged at the bottom of the barrels; the front end of the connecting cylinder is communicated with the top of the barrel in a sealing way, the rear end of the connecting cylinder is fixed with the top of the barrel in a sealing way, the port is arranged above a rotational flow fan inside the adjacent barrel, the barrel communicated with the second air cylinder is a first barrel, the last barrel is a last barrel, the top of the last barrel is not provided with a cover, and the tops of the rest barrels are provided with sealing covers.
When the non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system works, the ore collection pool is filled with water, and the power-on switches of the air supply device, the air draft device and the dust removal ore collection center are opened to enable the air supply device, the air draft device and the dust removal ore collection center to be in an operating state; dust generated in the extraction process is discharged to a second air cylinder by a drawing type local fan and then discharged to a first ore collecting barrel communicated with the second air cylinder, the powder ore in the polluted air is precipitated in the first ore collecting barrel through a cyclone fan, the non-precipitated powder ore is discharged to a connecting barrel along with the polluted air and then discharged to a second ore collecting barrel, the non-precipitated powder ore in the polluted air is secondarily precipitated in the second ore collecting barrel through the cyclone fan, the rest of non-precipitated powder ore is discharged to the connecting barrel along with the polluted air and then discharged to a third ore collecting barrel, the non-precipitated powder ore in the polluted air is subjected to three precipitation in the third ore collecting barrel through the cyclone fan, and the like, the wind flow which is precipitated and purified through the cyclone fan in the last ore collecting barrel is discharged to an ore collecting tank from the barrel mouth of the last ore collecting tank, and a small amount of dust is discharged from the ore collecting tank; the spraying device sprays water into the ore collecting tank, further intercepts and precipitates the discharged dust, and falls into the water of the ore collecting tank; the purified air flow is discharged into a sectional gallery and a layered connecting passage from a dust collection center and enters an air supply device for recycling; all the ore collecting barrels are full of water, the tops of the other ore collecting barrels are provided with sealing covers except for the top of the last ore collecting barrel, rotational flow precipitation efficiency is guaranteed, and dust removal effect is improved. Install collection ore quantity indicator in album ore barrel bottom can monitor collection ore barrel bottom sediment's dust volume, reminds the operating personnel in time to clear up the dust that deposits in collection ore barrel and the collection ore tank, reduces the waste of powder ore resources, also can improve the adsorption efficiency of dust in the dirty wind, guarantees the purifying effect of dirty wind.
Further, the first air duct is a foldable rigid air duct or a flexible air duct, an air inlet of the first air duct is connected with the press-in type local fan, a belt storage cylinder is arranged in the middle of the first air duct and close to the press-in type local fan, and the belt storage cylinder can be lengthened and contracted to enable the first air duct to be lengthened or contracted; the second air duct is a foldable rigid air duct or a flexible air duct, an air inlet of the second air duct is connected with the extraction type local fan, an extension zipper is arranged at a position, close to the extraction type local fan, in the second air duct, and the second air duct can be prolonged or shortened by connecting or disconnecting the extension zipper with another section of air duct.
Further, the ore collection tank comprises an upper platform, a slope surface and a bottom platform positioned at the bottom of the ore collection tank; the slope of the slope surface is 10% -15%, the bottom platform is connected with the upper platform through the slope surface, a water retaining ridge is arranged at the position, close to the edge of the slope surface, of the upper platform, and the ore collecting barrel is arranged on the bottom platform; the design of the slope surface is convenient for the installation, replacement or taking out of the ore collecting barrel to clean the dust collected in the ore collecting barrel.
The depth of the ore collecting pool can be adjusted according to actual production requirements, and in one embodiment of the utility model, the depth of the ore collecting pool is 1.5-2 m.
Further, the water retaining ridge is formed by pouring concrete.
Further, the spraying device comprises a plurality of atomizing spraying devices and water spraying devices which are sequentially arranged along the descending direction of the slope surface, and the atomizing spraying devices are arranged above the water spraying devices to form two spraying dust removal modes. The water spraying device sprays water into the ore collecting tank, the atomizing spraying device sprays water mist into the ore collecting tank, dust in polluted air is guaranteed to be completely precipitated, and the purifying effect is improved.
Further, the spraying device is communicated with the ore collecting tank, and water sources adopted by the water spraying device and the atomizing spraying device come from water used for dust removal and ore collection in the ore collecting tank, so that the water recycling is realized.
Further, the cyclone fan is fixed at the bottom of the barrel through a rotating shaft.
Further, the front end of the connecting cylinder is in threaded connection with the top of the cylinder, and the connecting part is sealed by a sealing ring; the rear end of the connecting cylinder is fixed on the top of the adjacent barrel through a supporting buckle, and the fixing position is sealed by a sealing ring.
Further, the spraying device is made of an anti-corrosion material; the ore collecting barrels are hard anti-corrosion plastic round barrels or steel barrels, the number of the ore collecting barrels is more than or equal to 3, and the height of the ore collecting barrels is smaller than the depth of the ore collecting pool; the last ore collecting barrel is a reducing barrel, and the diameter of a barrel opening is smaller than that of a barrel body; the rest ore collecting barrels are equal-diameter round barrels. The diameter of the barrel mouth of the last ore collecting barrel is reduced, and a cover is not arranged, so that the polluted air purified by the last ore collecting barrel can be discharged in a concentrated manner as much as possible, and the subsequent spraying device is convenient for spraying and dedusting.
Further, the ore collection quantity indicator comprises a pressure sensor, an indicator light and an alarm.
The pressure sensor is waterproof and corrosion-proof; the indicator lamp is provided with three pressure values, namely a yellow lamp value, a red lamp value and an alarm value; when the bearing pressure of the pressure sensor is smaller than the yellow lamp value, the indicator lamp emits a green lamp; when the pressure born by the pressure sensor is between a yellow light value and a red light value, the indicator light emits a yellow flashing light; when the pressure borne by the pressure sensor is between a red light value and an alarm value, the indicator light emits a red flashing light; when the pressure born by the pressure sensor exceeds an alarm value, the indicator light emits a red flashing light, and the alarm gives out alarm sound.
Specifically, the yellow light value, the red light value and the alarm value are set according to the following formula:
(1) Yellow light value calculation formula:
(2) Red light value calculation formula:
(3) Alarm value calculation formula:
wherein: v (V) Y Yellow light value, V R Red light value, V A -alarm value, ρ o Ore Density (t/m) 3 ) Gamma-fines coefficient, ρ w Density of water in the collection pond (1 t/m) 3 ) G-gravity acceleration (9.80 m/s) 2 ) H-swirl fan is at a distance from the bottom of the ore collecting barrel to the height (m).
The utility model also provides a non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery method, dividing an underground ore body to be mined into a plurality of middle sections without leaving top and bottom columns, dividing the middle sections into a plurality of sections, and dividing each section into a plurality of layers, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) quasi-cutting, arranging a middle section transportation gallery, a middle section drift, an extravenous ore drop shaft, a slope ramp, a sectional connecting passage, a sectional gallery tunneled along the direction of an ore body from the sectional connecting passage, a layered connecting passage tunneled along the direction of the ore body from the sectional gallery, a filling courtyard and a route arranged along the direction of the ore body from the sectional connecting passage;
step 2, arranging the non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system, wherein the air supply device and the air draft device are respectively arranged on two side edges of the approach, and the dust removal and ore collection center is arranged on one side of the segmented gallery, which is far away from an ore body;
step 3, arranging a cantilever type heading machine in the approach, cutting ore of ore bodies by using the cantilever type heading machine, and carrying out relay ore discharge by using a scraper conveyor;
step 4, fresh air flows reach the segmented drift, fresh air is sent to the stoping face by the air supply device, dirty air after the working face is cleaned is pumped out to the dust collection and ore collection center by the air exhaust device, and the clean air enters the segmented drift as fresh air after being purified by the dust collection and ore collection center;
step 5, supporting according to the condition of the surrounding rock of the top plate, and withdrawing the air supply device, the air draft device and the cantilever type mining machine in the route after the stoping of the route is finished, so as to be used for stoping of the next route; filling the approach;
step 6, repeating the steps 2 to 5 to finish the stoping operation of the residual route in the layering, and tunneling the next layering contact road upwards or downwards from the direction of the segmented drift vertical ore body;
and 7, repeating the steps 2 to 6 to finish ore body stoping of the section and the rest section.
Further, the height of the middle section is 60-100 m, the height of the section is 12-24 m, the section is divided into 3-6 layers, the length of the route is 50-100 m, the width is 4-6 m, and the height is consistent with the layer; wherein the access width and the layering height can be increased or decreased appropriately according to the thickness of the ore body and the stability of the surrounding rock of the ore body.
In step 1, the middle section transportation gallery is arranged along the ore body trend at the lower plate of the ore body, a middle section drift is tunneled from the middle section transportation gallery to the upper plate of the ore body from the vertical ore body trend, an extra-vein ore pass is tunneled upwards from the middle section drift, a sectional connecting passage is tunneled from the vertical ramp trend, and a filling courtyard is tunneled upwards from the position of the end part of the layered connecting passage close to the bottom plate of the ore body.
In the quasi-cutting engineering, a middle ore body is divided into a plurality of sections, each section is responsible for ore body stoping of 3-6 layers, each section is communicated with a section connecting channel through a ramp, each layer is communicated with a layer connecting channel through a section gallery, and each route is communicated with a layer connecting channel of the current layer. The air supply device and the air draft device in the non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system are arranged in the route and the layered connecting channel, and can be arranged and withdrawn along with the fluctuation of mining layering and route, so that the operation is convenient and the ventilation effect is good. The service time of the subsection roadway is long, the dust collection and ore collection center is not changed in a period of time, and the mining of a plurality of layered ore bodies in one subsection can be serviced without frequently changing an ore collection pool, so that the stability is good, and the engineering quantity is low; if the dust collection and collection center is arranged in the layered contact channel, the engineering quantity is increased due to the short service time and frequent change of the layered contact channel; if the dust collection ore collection center is arranged in a slope or a middle section transportation roadway, more ore bodies can be served, but the ventilation pipeline is too long, the ventilation resistance is increased, and the ventilation effect is poor. Therefore, the dust collection and ore collection center is arranged in the segmented roadway most advantageously.
In the step 2, a first air duct in the air supply device is fixed on the side wall of the access road and the layered connecting road through a plurality of hanging piles with the interval of 1-2 m, and the air outlet of the first air duct is 2-3 m away from the mining working face; the press-in type local fan is arranged in the layered connecting channel; the extraction type local fan in the air draft device is arranged in the inlet road and is 2-3 m away from the mining operation surface; the second air duct is fixed on the side edges of the inlet road, the layered connecting channel and the dust collection and ore collection center through a plurality of hanging piles with the interval of 1-2 m, and an air outlet of the second air duct is communicated with the first ore collection barrel in a sealing way; the ore collection pool of the dust removal ore collection center is communicated with the segmented gallery through an upper platform; the spraying devices of the dust removal and ore collection center are transversely and uniformly arranged along the top of the ore collection pool and are detachably fixed on the top side of the ore collection pool.
The spacing of the hanging piles can be properly increased or decreased according to the requirements of the air supply device and the air draft device; the arrangement position of the dust collection and ore collection center can be properly adjusted according to the adjustment of the mining method.
Further, in step 2, when the distance between the mining working face and the air outlet of the first air duct and the extraction type local fan is greater than 5-8 m, the belt storage cylinder is prolonged, the air outlet of the first air duct is extended 3-5 m towards the mining working face, the second air duct is extended 3-5 m forwards through the prolonged zipper, and the extraction type local fan is moved 3-5 m forwards.
Through a belt storage cylinder and an extension zipper, the distance between a first air cylinder air outlet, a draw-out type local fan and a mining working face in a route can be kept at 2-3 m, dust generated by cutting ore falling in the stoping process can be drawn out along with wind flow, the mining working environment with low dust concentration is kept, and ventilation efficiency is improved.
Further, in the step 2, the ore collecting tank is filled with clean water, and the ore collecting barrel is sunk below the water surface of the ore collecting tank.
Further, in the step 2, the spraying device is fixed on the roof side of the ore collecting pond through the hanging hooks, and the distance between the hanging hooks can be increased or decreased appropriately according to the requirements of the spraying device.
In step 3, the cutting depth of the cantilever tunneling machine is 0.5-1.5 m, and the cutting path is from left to right and from bottom to top.
Preferably, the boom cutter is a full-process boom cutter commercially available.
Further, in the step 4, in the stoping process, after the ore collection quantity indicator lamp is changed from a green lamp to a yellow lamp, the ore powder in the ore collection barrel and the ore collection pool is cleaned and recovered during a handover shift or during a stope change.
In step 5, because the mining disturbance of the cantilever type heading machine is small, the top plate is not supported under the general condition, and according to the surrounding rock condition of the top plate, supporting modes such as anchor rods, anchor nets or anchor spraying nets can be adopted for supporting certain unstable areas; the filling of the route is specifically as follows: and (3) placing the filling pipe into a stope from the filling sky well, placing a filling pipe frame at the highest point of the center of the access roof, using a steel structure combined plate wall as a filling retaining wall at the access opening, and reserving a drainage inspection hole on the retaining wall. When the stope is filled, the first section is filled with 1:4 tailing cemented filling materials, and the upper part is filled with 1:10 tailing cemented filling materials and is connected with the roof in parallel, so that the lower layered stoping safety is ensured.
The utility model provides a non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system and a method. The air supply device and the air draft device can be prolonged and contracted as required by the pushing of the mining working face; the dust collection and ore collection center adopts a plurality of ore collection barrels (the barrel quantity is more than or equal to 3), an atomization spraying device and a water spraying device to form a system of 'multi-channel rotational flow purification and precipitation and two-channel spraying purification and precipitation', dust in the polluted air is subjected to multi-stage purification and precipitation, the powder ore is collected in an ore collection pond and the ore collection barrels, and the powder ore is periodically cleaned and recycled through an ore collection quantity indicator; the ore collecting barrel is provided with an ore collecting quantity indicator, and can emit green light, yellow flashing light, red flashing light and alarm sound according to the quantity of the ore collecting quantity, so that the recovery and cleaning of the powder ore are facilitated; the water sources adopted by the water spraying device and the atomizing spraying device come from the ore collecting pool, can be recycled, and reduces the water consumption and secondary pollution of water.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the utility model, the air supply device and the air draft device which can be lengthened or contracted are arranged in the access, so that the dust concentration of the mining working face is effectively reduced in time, and the problems of long ventilation distance and low ventilation efficiency of a stope are effectively solved.
(2) The utility model arranges the dust collection center in the sectional roadway, can serve a plurality of layered ore bodies of a plurality of stopes in one sectional roadway, does not need to be changed frequently, and has good stability and low engineering quantity.
(3) According to the utility model, through the combination of the ore collecting barrel, the spraying device and the ore collecting quantity indicator, the purification effect of the polluted air is improved, and the purification of the polluted air and the collection of mineral powder during non-blasting stoping are realized; the purified air flow can be returned to the working face for recycling, so that the air quantity is greatly reduced, and the problems of large air quantity requirement and high ventilation cost in the traditional ventilation method are solved; the collected fine ore can be returned to the production system for further treatment, so that the resource recovery rate is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of the utility model in which the mine blocks are arranged.
Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of an arrangement of ore blocks according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of a dust collection and collection center of a non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system in an embodiment of the utility model.
Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of a dust collection and collection center of a non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system in an embodiment of the utility model.
In the figure: 1-a cantilever type heading machine; 2-a push-in type local fan; 3-a first air duct; 4-drawing out type local fan; 5-a second air duct; 6-spraying device; 61-atomizing spraying device; 62-water spraying device; 7-a first ore collection barrel; 8-a second ore collecting barrel; 9-a last ore collecting barrel; 10-connecting a cylinder; 11-a swirl fan; 12-a mineral collecting pool; 121-an upper platform; 122-sloping surface; 123-a bottom platform; 13-a water blocking ridge; 14-hanging piles; 15-lifting hooks; 16-a mineral concentration indicator; 17-route; 18-layering contact ways; 19-sectioning a gallery; 20-ramp; 21-a middle section transportation roadway; 22-middle section drift; 23-filling the courtyard; 24-segmenting the contact; 25-extra-pulse ore pass; the arrow direction in the figure is the direction of wind flow.
Detailed Description
The present utility model will be described in detail with reference to examples. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present utility model and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" are used hereinafter to denote only the directions corresponding to the upper, lower, left, and right directions of the drawings, and do not limit the structure.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the utility model provides a system and a method for ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery in non-blasting mining, which divide an underground ore body to be mined into a plurality of middle sections without top and bottom columns, the middle sections have a height of 100m, the middle sections are divided into sections according to a height of 20m, the sections are divided into 5 sections, each section is divided into 5 sections, and each section is divided into 3-5 routes according to the thickness of the ore body, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, accurate cutting is adopted, a middle section conveying roadway 21 is arranged along the ore body trend in the lower ore body, a middle section drift 22 is dug from the middle section conveying roadway 21 to the upper ore body in a vertical ore body trend, an extra-vein ore pass 25 is dug upwards from the middle section drift 22, a sectional connecting passage 24 is dug from the vertical trend of a slope 20, a sectional drift 19 is dug along the ore body trend from the sectional connecting passage 24, a layered connecting passage 18 is dug from the vertical ore body trend from the sectional drift 19, a filling courtyard 23 is dug upwards from the position of the end part of the layered connecting passage 18 close to the ore body bottom plate, and a path 17 is arranged along the ore body trend from the layered connecting passage 18;
and 2, arranging a non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system. Digging a 1.5-2 m ore collection pool 12 in a segmented roadway 19, wherein the ore collection pool comprises an upper platform 121, a slope surface 122 and a bottom platform 123 positioned at the bottom of the ore collection pool 12, the gradient of the slope surface 122 is 12%, the bottom platform 123 is connected with the upper platform 121 through the slope surface 122, and a water retaining ridge 13 is poured at the position, close to the edge of the slope surface 122, of the upper platform 121; the first ore collecting barrel 7 and the second ore collecting barrel 8 with sealing covers and the last ore collecting barrel 9 without a cover are arranged in the bottom platform 123, the barrel height is smaller than the depth of the ore collecting pool 12, the last ore collecting barrel 9 is a diameter-variable barrel, the diameter of a barrel opening is smaller than the diameter of a barrel body, the first ore collecting barrel 7 and the second ore collecting barrel 8 are equal-diameter barrels, an ore collecting quantity indicator 16 and a cyclone fan 11 are arranged in the ore collecting barrels, and a yellow light value, a red light value and an alarm value of the ore collecting quantity indicator 16 are set according to the ore density, the ore powder coefficient and the height of the cyclone fan 11 from the barrel bottom; filling clear water into the ore collecting pond 12 and the ore collecting barrels (7, 8 and 9), communicating the ore collecting barrels by adopting a connecting barrel 10, connecting the front end of the connecting barrel 10 with the tops of the first ore collecting barrel 7 and the second ore collecting barrel 8 through threads, sealing the joints by adopting sealing rings, fixing the rear ends at the tops of the second ore collecting barrel 8 and the last ore collecting barrel 9 through supporting buckles, and arranging the openings above the cyclone fans 11 in the adjacent ore collecting barrels; a lifting hook 15 is arranged on the top plate of the slope surface 122, and the atomizing spray device 61 and the water spray device 62 are fixed on the lifting hook 15; hanging piles 14 are arranged on two side walls of an inlet road 17, a layered connecting channel 18 and a collecting pond 12, the distance between adjacent hanging piles 14 is 2m, a pressed-in type local fan 2, a first air cylinder 3, an extracted type local fan 4 and a second air cylinder 5 are arranged on the hanging piles 14, the pressed-in type local fan 2 is connected with the first air cylinder 3, the extracted type local fan 4 is connected with the second air cylinder 5, and the air outlet of the first air cylinder 3 and the extracted type local fan 4 are 2-3 m away from a mining operation surface; the air outlet of the second air duct 5 is arranged above the cyclone fan 11 in the first ore collecting barrel 7, and the joint of the barrel top is fixed and sealed;
the power-on switches of the air supply device, the air draft device and the dust removal and collection center are turned on and are in an operation state;
step 3, arranging a cantilever type heading machine 1 in the inlet path 17, cutting ore of ore bodies by using the cantilever type heading machine 1, gradually advancing, and carrying out ore discharge by using a scraper conveyor to relay and convey the ore to an ore pass 25 outside a vein;
step 4, fresh air flows reach a segmented drift 19, fresh air is sent to a stoping working face by the air supply device, dust generated in the stoping process is discharged to a second air cylinder 5 by a drawing type local fan 4 and then discharged to a first ore collection barrel 7, fine ore in the dirty air is deposited in the first ore collection barrel 7 by a cyclone fan 11, non-deposited fine ore is discharged to the connecting barrel 10 along with the dirty air and then discharged to a second ore collection barrel 8, non-deposited fine ore in the dirty air is secondarily deposited in the second ore collection barrel 8 by the cyclone fan 11, the rest non-deposited fine ore is discharged to the connecting barrel 10 along with the dirty air and then discharged to a last ore collection barrel 9, the non-deposited fine ore in the dirty air is subjected to three-time deposition in the last ore collection barrel 9 by the cyclone fan 11, and a small amount of dust flows from the barrel mouth of the last ore collection barrel 9 to a collection pond 12; the water spraying device 62 sprays water into the ore collecting pond 12 to further precipitate the discharged dust; very little dust passes through the water spraying device 62, the atomizing spraying device 61 sprays into the ore collecting tank 12, the last dust is trapped and precipitated, and the last dust falls into the water of the ore collecting tank 12; the purified air flow is discharged into a sectional gallery 19 and a layered connecting channel 18 from a dust collection center and enters an air supply device for recycling;
when the distance between the mining working face and the air outlet of the first air duct is greater than 8m, a section of air duct with the length of 5m is additionally connected to the inner end of the first air duct 3, the second air duct 5 is forwards extended for 5m, and the extraction type local fan 4 is forwards moved for 5m; in the stoping process, after the indicator lamp of the ore collection quantity indicator 16 is changed from a green lamp to a yellow lamp, cleaning and recycling the powder ore in the ore collection barrels (7, 8 and 9) and the ore collection pool 12 during a handover shift or during a stope change;
step 5, because the mining disturbance of the cantilever type heading machine 1 is small, the roof is not supported under the general condition, and according to the surrounding rock condition of the roof, supporting modes such as anchor rods, anchor nets or anchor spraying nets can be adopted for supporting certain unstable areas; after the stoping of the route 17 is finished, the air supply device, the air draft device and the cantilever heading machine 1 in the route 17 are withdrawn for the stoping of the next route 17; filling the access way 17, lowering a filling pipe from the filling courtyard 23 to a stope, arranging a filling pipe frame at the highest point of the top plate center of the access way 17, using a steel structure combined plate wall as a filling retaining wall on the access way, and reserving a drainage inspection hole on the retaining wall. When the stope is filled, the first section is filled with 1:4 tailing cemented filling materials, and the upper part is filled with 1:10 tailing cemented filling materials and is connected with the roof in parallel, so that the lower layered stoping safety is ensured.
Step 6, repeating the steps 2 to 5 to finish the stoping operation of the residual route 17 in the layering, and tunneling the next layering contact road 18 upwards or downwards from the direction of the segmented gallery 19 vertical to the ore body;
and 7, repeating the steps 2 to 6 to finish ore body stoping of the section and the rest section.
By adopting the system and the method for ventilation and dust removal in non-blasting mining and powder ore recovery, the problems of long ventilation distance, low ventilation efficiency, large air quantity demand, high ventilation cost, large resource loss and the like of a stope are effectively solved, the purification of dirty air and the collection of mineral powder in non-blasting stope are realized, and the purification efficiency can reach more than 93%.
The foregoing examples are set forth in order to provide a more thorough description of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, since modifications of the utility model in various equivalent forms will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present utility model, and are within the scope of the utility model as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system comprises an air supply device and an air draft device, wherein the air supply device comprises a press-in type local fan (2) and a first air duct (3), and the air draft device comprises a draw-out type local fan (4) and a second air duct (5); the system is characterized by further comprising a dust removal and ore collection center, wherein the dust removal and ore collection center comprises an ore collection tank (12) and a spraying device (6), the spraying device (6) is arranged above the ore collection tank (12), a plurality of ore collection barrels are sequentially arranged in the ore collection tank (12), swirl fans (11) and ore collection quantity indicators (16) are arranged in the barrels, and the ore collection quantity indicators (16) are arranged at the bottom of the barrels; the adjacent ore collecting barrels are communicated through a connecting barrel (10), the front end of the connecting barrel (10) is communicated with the barrel top in a sealing mode, the rear end of the connecting barrel (10) is fixed with the barrel top of the adjacent ore collecting barrel in a sealing mode, a port is arranged above a swirl fan (11) inside the adjacent ore collecting barrel, the ore collecting barrel communicated with the second air barrel (5) is a first ore collecting barrel (7), the ore collecting barrel communicated at last is a last ore collecting barrel (9), the barrel top of the last ore collecting barrel (9) is not provided with a cover, and the barrel tops of the rest ore collecting barrels are provided with sealing covers.
2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the first air duct (3) is a foldable rigid air duct or a flexible air duct, the air inlet of the first air duct (3) is connected with the forced air fan (2), and a belt storage drum is arranged in the middle of the first air duct (3) and close to the forced air fan (2); the second air duct (5) is a foldable rigid air duct or a flexible air duct, an air inlet of the second air duct (5) is connected with the extraction type local fan (4), and an extension zipper is arranged at a position, close to the extraction type local fan (4), in the second air duct (5).
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the collection basin (12) comprises an upper platform (121), a ramp surface (122), and a bottom platform (123) at the bottom of the collection basin (12); the gradient of the slope surface (122) is 10% -15%, the bottom platform (123) is connected with the upper platform (121) through the slope surface (122), a water blocking ridge (13) is arranged at the edge position, close to the slope surface (122), of the upper platform (121), and the ore collecting barrel is arranged on the bottom platform (123); the spray device (6) comprises a plurality of atomizing spray devices (61) and water spray devices (62) which are sequentially arranged along the descending direction of the slope surface (122).
4. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the swirl fan (11) is fixed to the tub bottom by means of a rotation shaft.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the front end of the connecting cylinder (10) is in threaded connection with the top of the cylinder, and the connection is sealed by a sealing ring; the rear end of the connecting cylinder (10) is fixed on the top of the adjacent barrel through a supporting buckle, and the fixing part is sealed by a sealing ring.
6. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the spraying device (6) is made of an anti-corrosive material; the ore collecting barrels are hard anti-corrosion plastic round barrels or steel barrels, the number of the ore collecting barrels is more than or equal to 3, and the height of the ore collecting barrels is smaller than the depth of the ore collecting pool (12); wherein the last ore collecting barrel (9) is a diameter-variable barrel, and the diameter of a barrel opening is smaller than that of a barrel body; the rest ore collecting barrels are equal-diameter barrels; the ore collection quantity indicator (16) comprises a pressure sensor, an indicator light and an alarm.
7. A non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery method divides an underground ore body to be mined into a plurality of middle sections without leaving top and bottom columns, the middle sections are internally divided into a plurality of sections, and each section is divided into a plurality of layers, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of 1, quasi-cutting, arranging a middle section conveying gallery (21), a middle section vein passing gallery (22), an extra-vein ore pass (25), a ramp (20), a segmented connecting gallery (24), a segmented gallery (19) tunneled along the direction of a ore body from the segmented connecting gallery (24), a layered connecting gallery (18) tunneled along the direction of the ore body from the segmented gallery (19), a filling courtyard (23) and a route (17) arranged along the direction of the ore body from the layered connecting gallery (18);
step 2, arranging the non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the air supply device and the air draft device are respectively arranged at two sides of the inlet path (17), and the dust collection center is arranged at one side of the segmented gallery (19) far away from ore bodies;
step 3, arranging a cantilever type heading machine (1) in the inlet path (17), cutting ore of ore bodies by using the cantilever type heading machine (1), and relay ore discharge by using a scraper conveyor;
step 4, fresh air flows reach a segmented roadway (19), fresh air is sent to a stoping working surface by the air supply device, dirty air after the working surface is cleaned is pumped out to the dust collection and ore collection center by the air exhaust device, and the clean air enters the segmented roadway (19) as fresh air after being purified by the dust collection and ore collection center;
step 5, supporting according to the condition of the surrounding rock of the top plate, and after the stoping of the approach (17) is finished, withdrawing the air supply device, the air draft device and the cantilever type mining machine in the approach (17) for stoping of the next approach (17); -filling the inlet (17);
step 6, repeating the steps 2 to 5 to finish the stoping operation of the residual route (17) in the layering, and tunneling the next layering connecting channel (18) upwards or downwards from the vertical ore body trend of the segmentation gallery (19);
and 7, repeating the steps 2 to 6 to finish ore body stoping of the section and the rest section.
8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the height of the middle section is 60-100 m, the height of the segments is 12-24 m, the segments are divided into 3-6 layers, the length of the inlet path (17) is 50-100 m, the width is 4-6 m, and the height is consistent with the layer.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step 2, a first air duct (3) in the air supply device is fixed on the side walls of the access way (17) and the layered connecting channel (18) through a plurality of hanging piles (14) with a distance of 1-2 m, and an air outlet of the first air duct (3) is 2-3 m away from the mining working face; the push-in type local fan (2) is arranged in the layered connecting channel (18); the extraction type local fan (4) in the air draft device is arranged in the inlet road (17) and is 2-3 m away from the mining operation surface; the second air duct (5) is fixed on the side walls of the inlet path (17), the layered connecting channel (18) and the dust collection and ore collection center through a plurality of hanging piles (14) with the interval of 1-2 m, and an air outlet of the second air duct (5) is communicated with the first ore collection barrel (7) in a sealing way; the ore collection pool (12) of the dust collection and ore collection center is communicated with the segmented gallery (19) through an upper platform (121); the spraying devices (6) of the dust removal and ore collection center are transversely and uniformly arranged along the top of the ore collection pool (12) and are detachably fixed on the top wall of the ore collection pool (12).
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step 2, when the distance between the mining face and the air outlet of the first air duct (3) and the extraction type local fan (4) is greater than 5-8 m, the belt storage drum is extended, the air outlet of the first air duct (3) is extended 3-5 m towards the mining face, the second air duct (5) is extended forward by 3-5 m through the extension zipper, and the extraction type local fan (4) is moved forward by 3-5 m.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311701776.1A CN117569810A (en) | 2023-12-12 | 2023-12-12 | Non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system and method |
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| CN202311701776.1A CN117569810A (en) | 2023-12-12 | 2023-12-12 | Non-blasting mining ventilation dust removal and powder ore recovery system and method |
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