CN117554169A - Fixed end restraint device for plate-shaped member surface external loading test and dismounting method thereof - Google Patents
Fixed end restraint device for plate-shaped member surface external loading test and dismounting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117554169A CN117554169A CN202311544701.7A CN202311544701A CN117554169A CN 117554169 A CN117554169 A CN 117554169A CN 202311544701 A CN202311544701 A CN 202311544701A CN 117554169 A CN117554169 A CN 117554169A
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Abstract
A fixed end restraint device for a plate-shaped component surface external loading test and a disassembly and assembly method thereof relate to the field of structural component testing. The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing waveform steel plate fixing and restraining device is difficult to mount and dismount test pieces, low in test efficiency and easy to damage a welding heat affected zone. The front steel plate of the pouring steel die is divided into the control plate and the clamping plate, the control plate and the clamping plate are connected through the single-head screw, the clamping plate can be replaced and processed into any shape according to the section of a test piece, the out-of-plane loading test of different types of waveform steel plates is realized, and in addition, the out-of-plane loading test with different loading angles and end constraint rigidity can be realized by replacing the clamping plate and changing pouring materials. Step one of the invention: a processing stage of pouring the template; step two: installing a pouring template and pouring materials; step three: a pouring template disassembling stage; step four: and (3) a secondary installation stage of the pouring template. The invention is used for the plate-shaped member surface external loading test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fixed end constraint device and a disassembly and assembly method thereof, in particular to a fixed end constraint device for a plate-shaped component surface external loading test and a disassembly and assembly method thereof, belonging to the field of testing of structural components.
Background
The waveform steel plate and the composite member thereof are all part of plate-shaped members, and the waveform steel plate is widely applied to the fields of highways, railways, bridges, national defense, ocean platforms and the like by the characteristics of excellent mechanical properties and strong plasticity, and becomes a common bearing part of structures such as bridge decks, piers, building carrier plates, shear walls, air defense channels, culverts and the like. Meanwhile, the composite material can be independently used as a structural section to be applied to structures such as a falling rock shed tunnel, a corrugated web girder, a highway bridge crash barrier, an offshore platform explosion-proof wall and the like. Most corrugated steel sheets and their composite components are mainly subjected to quasi-static out-of-plane loads during service and inevitably subject to accidental impacts, and in addition, some corrugated steel sheet structures are themselves designed as protective structures. For example, the corrugated steel plate-concrete composite coating is used as an anti-collision structure of a pier, and the probability of being impacted by a vehicle during service is very high; the corrugated steel plate-concrete floor support plate is extremely easy to be accidentally impacted by heavy objects caused by machine misoperation during the construction of multi-story high-rise buildings, and in addition, the floor support plate mainly bears out-of-plane quasi-static load during service; the probability of falling rocks is very high in mountain areas with frequent earthquakes and debris flows of the falling rocks-preventing shed tunnel and the waveform steel plate-concrete composite floor slab; the potential explosion risk of offshore oil platforms is very easy to make the blast wall impacted by explosive flying objects. The waveform, thickness, edge constraint conditions and loading positions and angles of the waveform steel plate have obvious influence on the response and failure mechanism of the waveform steel plate and the composite member thereof under the action of out-of-plane load. The mode of adopting the out-of-plane loading test is a main technical means for developing out-of-plane performance research of the waveform steel plate type components.
In the service process of the waveform steel plate and the composite member thereof, the edge constraint form mainly comprises three types of simple support constraint, fixed end constraint and sliding constraint, and the two-end support constraint form is adopted frequently in the development of the shearing performance test of the waveform steel plate and the axial compression test of the waveform steel plate composite member. At present, the fixed end restraint device has the problems of poor restraint effect, difficult installation and disassembly and the like, has lower test efficiency and consumes more manpower and financial resources, and in addition, the research of responding to the waveform steel plate and the composite component thereof under the out-of-plane load under the restraint of the fixed end is lacking in the current research.
The waveform steel plate and the fixed end constraint of the composite member are mainly used for constraining the displacement and rotation of the end part of the test piece. When the existing research institutions develop a waveform steel plate shearing test and a waveform steel plate composite member axial compression test, in order to realize the constraint of the fixed end of the waveform steel plate, the following measures are mainly adopted:
end displacement and rotational constraints: the end plate is welded at the end part of the corrugated steel plate and the composite component thereof, and is connected with a loading device or a support through a bolt, so as to restrict the displacement and rotation of the end part of a test piece, and the restriction mode mainly has the following defects in the test: (1) the waveform steel plate is connected with the end plate in a welding mode, the end constraint influence of welding quality on the waveform steel plate is obvious, and the waveform steel plate is likely to be damaged at a welding position; meanwhile, the steel performance of a welding heat affected zone is obviously changed, and other unfavorable parameters are introduced for experimental study; (2) the existence of a large number of bolts brings difficulty in installation and disassembly, increases the cost of manpower and material resources for the test, and has low test efficiency; in the test process, the locking phenomenon is easy to occur with the loading system.
It can be seen that the existing fixing and restraining device for the corrugated steel plate has the technical problems of difficult mounting and dismounting of test pieces, low test efficiency and welding heat affected zone, and in addition, the existing fixing and restraining device in the out-of-plane loading state can enable welding seams to be in a state of combined action of pulling and shearing, so that the welding positions are extremely easy to damage.
In summary, the conventional waveform steel plate fixing and restraining device has the problems of difficult mounting and dismounting of test pieces, low test efficiency and extremely easy damage to a welding heat affected zone.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that an existing waveform steel plate fixing and restraining device is difficult to mount and dismount a test piece, low in test efficiency and easy to damage a welding heat affected zone. Further provided is a fixing end restraining device for a plate-shaped member surface external loading test and a mounting and dismounting method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the fixed end restraining device for the plate-shaped component surface external loading test comprises a rigid ground, two integrated component support manufacturing modules and two fixed supports, wherein the two fixed supports are oppositely arranged on the rigid ground, and each fixed support is provided with an integrated component support manufacturing module; each integrated component support manufacturing module comprises a supporting table, two side steel plates, a rear steel plate, an upper steel plate and a front steel plate, wherein the rear steel plate and the front steel plate are arranged on the supporting table front and back, the upper steel plate is covered on the rear steel plate and the front steel plate, and the two side steel plates are respectively clamped at the left side and the right side and are arranged on the side end surfaces of the rear steel plate and the front steel plate to form an integrated pouring steel die; the front steel plate is provided with a restraining hole of the plate-shaped member.
Further, the support table includes a support base, a plurality of reinforcing ribs installed in parallel on the support base, and a diagonal steel plate installed on the plurality of reinforcing ribs.
Preferably, the reinforcing rib is a right trapezoid reinforcing rib, and the inclined steel plate positioned at the reinforcing rib is inclined toward the front steel plate side.
Further, pouring holes are formed in the upper steel plate.
Further, the front steel plate comprises a top control plate, a top clamping plate, a bottom clamping plate and a bottom control plate, wherein the top clamping plate and the bottom clamping plate are arranged on the same vertical plane from top to bottom, a gap is reserved between the top clamping plate and the bottom clamping plate and used for clamping a plate-shaped member, the top control plate is vertically arranged at the upper end of the top clamping plate, and the bottom control plate is vertically arranged on the lower end face of the bottom clamping plate.
Still further, the front steel plate further comprises a plurality of single-head bolts, a plurality of bolt holes are respectively formed in the lower end face of the top control plate and the upper end face of the bottom control plate, a plurality of top positioning holes are formed in the upper end face of the top clamping plate, a plurality of bottom positioning holes are formed in the lower end face of the bottom clamping plate, the thread section of each single-head bolt is screwed in one bolt hole, and the columnar section of each single-head bolt is inserted in the top positioning holes and the bottom positioning holes.
Further, the side steel plate comprises an L-shaped base and a plurality of extending arms, the extending arms are horizontally arranged on the side end face of the L-shaped base, and the extending arms are positioned on the outer side end face of the vertical section of the L-shaped base.
Still further, the side steel plates further include reinforcing plates mounted on the horizontal and vertical sections of the L-shaped base.
Preferably, the gap between the top and bottom jaws is wave-shaped.
The invention also provides a disassembly and assembly method of the fixed end constraint device for the plate-shaped member surface external loading test, which comprises the following steps:
step one: a processing stage of pouring the template;
the method comprises the following steps: a steel plate before assembly;
the lower end face of the top control plate and the upper end face of the bottom control plate are respectively provided with a plurality of bolt holes, the upper end face of the top clamping plate is provided with a plurality of top positioning holes, the lower end face of the bottom clamping plate is provided with a plurality of bottom positioning holes, the threaded section of each single-head bolt is screwed in one bolt hole, and the columnar section of each single-head bolt is inserted in the top positioning hole and the bottom positioning hole;
step two: the side face of the rear steel plate is provided with a bolt hole;
step one, three: the inclined steel plates on the supporting table are obliquely arranged through a plurality of reinforcing ribs, so that the cross section of a pouring die formed by installation is trapezoid;
Step four: the side steel plate with the extension arm is provided with a bolt hole for connecting the front steel plate and the rear steel plate and a through bolt hole connected with the fixed support;
step two: installing a pouring template and pouring materials;
step two,: the supporting table, the rear steel plate and the bottom control plate are connected through bolts, then a corresponding top clamping plate and a corresponding bottom clamping plate are selected according to different waveforms, and the bottom clamping plate and the bottom control plate are fixed through a single-head bolt;
step two: placing a corrugated steel plate test piece with a welding end plate, sequentially installing a top clamping plate, a top control plate and an upper steel plate, finally pushing side steel plates from two sides, fixing the side steel plates, a front steel plate and a rear steel plate through two bolts on diagonal lines, and finishing the installation of the pouring steel template;
step two, three: pouring different types of pouring materials into the pouring holes, and ensuring that the pouring materials are filled in the whole die through two observation holes on the upper steel plate;
step three: a pouring template disassembling stage;
after pouring and maintenance of the pouring steel template are completed, unscrewing the fixing bolts and taking out the side steel plates, sequentially taking down the upper steel plate, the front steel plate and the rear steel plate, finally taking out the poured corrugated steel plate test piece, and reinstalling the pouring templates at the two ends of the corrugated steel plate test piece to pour the next corrugated steel plate;
Step four: a secondary installation stage of the pouring template;
when pouring of all the wave-shaped steel plate test pieces is completed and the out-of-plane loading test is performed, the supporting tables 3, the two side steel plates 4, the rear steel plate 5, the upper steel plate 6 and the front steel plate 7 at the two ends of the wave-shaped steel plate test pieces are required to be installed again to form pouring steel molds respectively, and the pouring steel molds at the two ends are connected with the fixed supporting 2 respectively and used for fixing and restraining the wave-shaped steel plate test pieces after pouring is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
1. the invention provides a fixed end restraint device for a plate body, which is convenient to assemble and disassemble and simple to operate, and by adopting the device, the effective restraint of the end part can be ensured, and a large number of bolts are not needed for fixing an end plate, so that the test efficiency is greatly improved. The device can effectively restrict the displacement and rotation of the waveform steel plate and the composite component thereof, and the specific restriction is realized by the following technical means:
firstly, the invention matches the shape of the end of the plate body through the shape of the gap between the top clamping plate 7-2 and the bottom clamping plate 7-3, the end of the plate body is pressed at the gap, and the rotation constraint of the end of the plate body can be realized in the pressing process.
Secondly, pouring materials (such as concrete) are poured into the pouring templates to form pouring supports, the poured supports can fix the end parts of the plate body to form integrated components, displacement of all angles cannot occur, and further displacement constraint of the end parts of the plate body is achieved.
Meanwhile, the top clamping plate 7-2 and the bottom clamping plate 7-3 in the invention can select the top clamping plate 7-2 and the bottom clamping plate 7-3 with different types and sizes according to the specific shape and the size of the plate body, so that the invention can be suitable for wave-shaped steel plate members with different sizes and types; meanwhile, the invention can meet the requirements of different loading angles and constraint rigidity by adjusting the shapes of the gaps of the top clamping plate 7-2 and the bottom clamping plate 7-3, and the device is simple to operate, and can greatly improve the test efficiency.
2. The integrated component support manufacturing module (the support at the pouring end forms an integrated component) realizes pouring of the integrated component support, the fixed support module (the secondarily installed pouring steel mould is connected with the fixed support so as to fix the integrated component) realizes fixed constraint of the pouring steel mould and the fixed support when an out-of-plane loading test is carried out, and the pouring steel mould can effectively limit displacement and rotation of the end of the integrated component, and finally out-of-plane loading under the condition of fixing constraint of the waveform steel plate is realized. After the integral component is manufactured (namely, the pouring of the end support is finished), the pouring steel die is required to be moved from a pouring factory building to a test bed for secondary assembly, and is used for restraining and fixing the integral component, and the fixed support is large in mass and size and not easy to move, so that the whole fixed end restraining device is divided into two parts of an integral component support manufacturing module and a fixed support module, the pouring steel die is convenient to install in a pouring stage (serving as a pouring template) and a loading stage (serving as a fixing and restraining integral component), the fixed support is not required to be moved, the labor and material cost of a test is reduced, the test efficiency is improved, and in addition, when the support height of a test piece is required to be changed, only the height of the fixed support is required to be changed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention, which can be used to conduct an off-plane loading test.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention when the plate member is a corrugated plate.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the casting steel mold of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an exploded view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the installation process of the casting die plate.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the side steel sheet 4 removed after the casting is completed.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the cast steel mold removed, at which time an integrated member is formed in the cast steel mold, the integrated member being formed as a whole of cast brackets at both ends and a corrugated steel plate welded to the end plates.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an integrated component.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the support after casting and curing, and reinstalling the cast steel mold.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a 45 out-of-plane loading test fixed end restraint device.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the corrugated steel plate-concrete composite plate before the test.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of an out-of-plane loading test for a corrugated steel sheet of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 11, and includes a rigid floor 1, two integrated component support manufacturing modules and two fixed supports 2, wherein the two fixed supports 2 are oppositely installed on the rigid floor 1, and each fixed support 2 is provided with an integrated component support manufacturing module; each integrated component support manufacturing module comprises a supporting table 3, two side steel plates 4, a rear steel plate 5, an upper steel plate 6 and a front steel plate 7, wherein the rear steel plate 5 and the front steel plate 7 are arranged on the supporting table 3 front and back, the upper steel plate 6 is covered on the rear steel plate 5 and the front steel plate 7, and the two side steel plates 4 are respectively clamped at the left side and the right side and are arranged on the side end surfaces of the rear steel plate 5 and the front steel plate 7 to form an integrated pouring steel mold; the front steel plate 7 is provided with a restriction hole for the plate-like member. .
The invention mainly realizes the restraint of the fixed end of the waveform steel plate and the composite member thereof, taking the waveform steel plate member as an example: the fixed end restraint device mainly comprises an integrated component support manufacturing module and a fixed support module 2, and the specific flow is shown in figure 12 when the fixed end restraint device is used for out-of-plane loading of a corrugated steel plate:
the main content of the invention is explained by the flow: (1) an integrated component support manufacturing module:
(1) welding a steel plate at the end part of the corrugated steel plate member for restraining axial displacement;
(2) punching and threading the pouring steel templates (namely the supporting table 3, the two side steel plates 4, the rear steel plate 5, the upper steel plate 6 and the front steel plate 7) according to the sizes and the installation positions of the bolts, and pouring the corrugated steel plate supports under different loading angles can be realized by adjusting the inclination angle of the corrugated steel plates and replacing the clamping plates with corresponding waveforms;
(3) coating a release agent in the pouring steel template, and completing the installation of the pouring steel template through bolts;
(4) after the installation is completed, pouring materials can be poured into the support, curing is carried out on the poured support, and finally, the manufacture of an integrated component is completed (namely, the corrugated steel plates of the end plates and the pouring supports at the two ends are welded to form the integrated component, wherein the pouring supports refer to the parts after the curing of the pouring materials is completed), and different pouring materials have different mechanical properties, as shown in the table 1, so that different constraint rigidity of the ends of the corrugated steel plates can be realized by changing the types of the pouring materials;
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of casting materials
(5) And after maintenance is finished, the pouring steel template can be removed, and the pouring of the next group of supports is carried out by repeating the steps by utilizing the removed steel template. The casting steel mould formed by the casting steel mould plate is used as a casting mould, and is required to be installed again when an out-of-plane loading test is carried out, so that the effect of fixing and restraining the integrated component is achieved.
(2) And (3) fixing the supporting module:
(1) fixing the lower half part (the finger support platform 3) of the pouring steel mould on the fixed support 2;
(2) placing the poured integrated member on a support table 3;
(3) reinstalling a front steel plate, a rear steel plate and an upper steel plate of the pouring steel mold, and fixing the front steel plate, the rear steel plate and the upper steel plate by bolts;
(4) and pushing the side steel plates in from two sides, connecting the side steel plates with the front steel plate and the rear steel plate through bolts, finishing secondary installation of the pouring steel mold, and finally connecting the side steel plates with the fixed support 2. The extension arm of the side steel plate can effectively limit the displacement of the end part of the integrated component, and the clamping plate of the front steel plate can effectively limit the rotation of the end part of the component, so that the fixing constraint of the casting steel die on the corrugated steel plate is finally realized;
(5) after the installation is completed, an out-of-plane loading test can be carried out, and after the test is completed, the next group of tests can be carried out by repeating the steps.
The second embodiment is as follows: the support table 3 of the present embodiment includes a support base 3-1, a plurality of reinforcing ribs 3-2, and a diagonal steel plate 3-3, the plurality of reinforcing ribs 3-2 being installed in parallel on the support base 3-1, the diagonal steel plate 3-3 being installed on the plurality of reinforcing ribs 3-2, as described with reference to fig. 4. In this arrangement, the inclined steel plate 3-3 at the bottom of the pouring steel mold is difficult to connect with the fixed support 2, so that the steel plate (referred to as the inclined steel plate 3-3) with the inclined bottom is welded with the flat steel plate (referred to as the support bottom plate 3-1) with the through bolt holes through four stiffening ribs 3-2 to form a support table of the pouring steel mold, and the support table is connected with the fixed support 2 through the through bolt holes of the flat steel plate. The inclined angles of the upper steel plate and the supporting table inclined steel plate can be flexibly changed, the use level of pouring materials can be further reduced by increasing the inclined angle under the condition that the end part of the corrugated steel plate is fixed, in addition, two horizontal bolt holes are formed in the front and the rear of the inclined steel plate respectively for connecting the front steel plate and the rear steel plate, and when the out-of-plane loading test needs to install a clamping plate to achieve the fixed constraint of the end part of a component, the shearing force of the end part of a test piece is mainly born by the front steel plate, so that the front end of a stiffening rib extends for a certain length and is used for bearing the shearing force transmitted by a bottom control plate; other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first embodiment.
And a third specific embodiment: the reinforcing rib 3-2 of the present embodiment is a right trapezoid reinforcing rib, and the oblique steel plate 3-3 located in the reinforcing rib 3-2 is inclined toward the front steel plate 7 side, as described with reference to fig. 4. So set up, stable in structure. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the second embodiment.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: referring to fig. 4, the present embodiment will be described with respect to the case where the pouring hole 6-1 is formed in the upper steel plate 6. So set up, be convenient for pour the concrete, simultaneously, in order to be convenient for observe concrete placement condition and maintenance condition, still offered two observation holes in the both sides of last steel sheet 6 length direction. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the third embodiment.
Fifth embodiment: the front steel plate 7 of this embodiment includes a top control plate 7-1, a top clamping plate 7-2, a bottom clamping plate 7-3 and a bottom control plate 7-4, the top clamping plate 7-2 and the bottom clamping plate 7-3 are arranged on the same vertical plane from top to bottom, a gap is left between the top clamping plate 7-2 and the bottom clamping plate 7-3 for clamping a plate-shaped member, the top control plate 7-1 is vertically mounted on the upper end of the top clamping plate 7-2, and the bottom control plate 7-4 is vertically mounted on the lower end face of the bottom clamping plate 7-3. The arrangement is that the front steel plate is divided into the control plates (the top control plate 7-1 and the bottom control plate 7-4) and the clamping plates are identical to the control plates for pouring different components, pouring of different wave-shaped steel plate supports is realized by replacing the clamping plates (the top clamping plate 7-2 and the bottom clamping plate 7-3), and meanwhile, the processing cost can be reduced by replacing the clamping plates only. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in any one of the first to fourth embodiments.
Specific embodiment six: referring to fig. 4, the front steel plate 7 of the present embodiment further includes a plurality of single-headed bolts 7-5, a plurality of bolt holes are respectively formed in the lower end face of the top control plate 7-1 and the upper end face of the bottom control plate 7-4, a plurality of top positioning holes are formed in the upper end face of the top clamping plate 7-2, a plurality of bottom positioning holes are formed in the lower end face of the bottom clamping plate 7-3, a screw thread section of each single-headed bolt 7-5 is screwed into one bolt hole, and a columnar section of each single-headed bolt 7-5 is inserted into the top positioning hole and the bottom positioning hole.
So set up, the bolt of connecting splint and control panel only processes the screw thread in control panel one side, when splint and control panel are connected, screw in the control panel with the bolt earlier, later insert the bolt splint. The clamping plate and the control plate can be tightly connected by processing threads on the control plate, on the other hand, the clamping plates are required to be replaced according to the section shape of the test piece because the control plates of different pouring test pieces are identical, so that the processing cost can be reduced and the test efficiency can be improved by not processing threads on the clamping plates. The control plate is provided with a bolt hole for connecting the upper steel plate and the lower steel plate, so that certain machining errors can be allowed on one hand, and on the other hand, when the height of the control plate is changed along with the thickness of the corrugated steel plate, the control plate can be connected with the upper steel plate through bolts, and the thickness change of the corrugated steel plate is met; other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in any one of the first to fifth embodiments.
Seventh embodiment: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 4, in which the side steel plate 4 includes an L-shaped base 4-1 and a plurality of extension arms 4-2, the plurality of extension arms 4-2 are horizontally installed on the side end face of the L-shaped base 4-1, and the plurality of extension arms 4-2 are located on the outer end face of the vertical section of the L-shaped base 4-1.
The side steel plate with the extending arm is provided with the bolt holes for connecting the front steel plate and the rear steel plate and the through bolt holes for connecting the fixing support, the extending arm of the side steel plate can firmly restrict the pouring steel die formed by the front steel plate, the rear steel plate, the upper steel plate, the side steel plate and the supporting table, and the side steel plate and the fixing support are connected through bolts, so that the restriction on the integrated component is finally realized. When the pouring steel die is used for fixing the integrated component in an out-of-plane loading test, the side steel plates are used for restraining the extending arms of the front steel plates to be located at the connecting positions of the clamping plates and the control plates, so that out-of-plane displacement of the clamping plates and the control plates can be simultaneously limited. Compared with the method that the extending arms with the whole length are adopted to limit the horizontal displacement of the integrated component, the short extending arms can be adopted to realize the secondary installation of the integrated component after pouring and the pouring die in the out-of-plane loading stage (namely, the installation of the side steel plates can be completed in a mode of finally pushing the side steel plates from two sides). Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in any one of the first to sixth embodiments.
Eighth embodiment: the side steel plate 4 of the present embodiment further includes a reinforcing plate 4-3, and the reinforcing plate 4-3 is mounted on the horizontal and vertical sections of the L-shaped base 4-1, as described with reference to fig. 4. So set up, the connection is more stable. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in any one of the first to seventh embodiments.
Detailed description nine: the gap between the top clamping plate 7-2 and the bottom clamping plate 7-3 of this embodiment is wave-shaped, as described with reference to fig. 4. So configured, the undulations are of various sizes. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in any one of the first to eighth embodiments.
Detailed description ten: a method for attaching and detaching the fixing end restraint device for the plate-like member surface loading test according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 12, and includes the steps of:
step one: a processing stage of pouring the template;
the method comprises the following steps: a pre-assembly steel plate 7;
the lower end face of the top control plate 7-1 and the upper end face of the bottom control plate 7-4 are respectively provided with a plurality of bolt holes, the upper end face of the top clamping plate 7-2 is provided with a plurality of top positioning holes, the lower end face of the bottom clamping plate 7-3 is provided with a plurality of bottom positioning holes, the threaded section of each single-head bolt 7-5 is screwed in one bolt hole, and the columnar section of each single-head bolt 7-5 is inserted in the top positioning hole and the bottom positioning hole;
Step two: the side face of the rear steel plate 5 is provided with a bolt hole;
step one, three: the inclined steel plates 3-3 on the supporting table 3 are obliquely arranged through a plurality of reinforcing ribs 3-2, so that the cross section of a pouring die formed by installation is trapezoid;
step four: the side steel plate 4 with the extension arm 4-2 is provided with a bolt hole for connecting the front steel plate 7 and the rear steel plate 5 and a through bolt hole fixed with the fixed support 2;
step two: installing a pouring template and pouring materials;
step two,: the supporting table 3, the rear steel plate 5 and the bottom control plate 7-4 are connected through bolts, then the corresponding top clamping plate 7-2 and the corresponding bottom clamping plate 7-3 are selected according to different waveforms, and the bottom clamping plate 7-3 and the bottom control plate 7-4 are fixed through single-head bolts;
step two: placing a corrugated steel plate test piece with a welding end plate, sequentially installing a top clamping plate 7-2, a top control plate 7-1 and an upper steel plate 6, finally pushing side steel plates 4 from two sides, fixing the side steel plates 4 with a front steel plate 7 and a rear steel plate 5 through two diagonal bolts, and finishing the installation of a pouring steel template;
step two, three: pouring different types of pouring materials through the pouring holes 6-1, pouring only one material in each test, pouring different materials when different constraint stiffness of the end support needs to be researched, and ensuring that the pouring materials are filled in the whole die through two observation holes on the upper steel plate 6;
Step three: a pouring template disassembling stage;
after pouring and maintenance of the pouring steel template are completed, unscrewing the fixing bolts and taking out the side steel plates 4, sequentially taking down the upper steel plate 6, the front steel plate 7 and the rear steel plate 5, finally taking out the poured corrugated steel plate test piece, and reinstalling the pouring templates at the two ends of the corrugated steel plate test piece to pour the next corrugated steel plate;
generally, when the test is carried out, the tests of a plurality of groups of different pouring materials and different plate bodies can be carried out, and the universality and the recycling function of the fixed end restraint device are improved, so that the fixed end restraint device is divided into the following two conditions in the use process:
when only one group of tests is performed, a plurality of test pieces do not need to be poured, so that a pouring template is not required to be removed, after pouring and maintenance of the supports at the two ends of the corrugated steel plate are completed, a pouring die is directly connected with the fixed support 2 to realize fixed constraint on the corrugated steel plate, and finally an out-of-plane loading test is performed;
repeating the third step when a plurality of groups of tests are needed, after pouring and curing of all the wave-shaped steel plate test pieces are completed, performing a secondary installation stage of the fourth step to realize fixed constraint on the integrated component, and finally performing an out-of-plane loading test;
Step four: a secondary installation stage of the pouring template;
when pouring of all the wave-shaped steel plate test pieces is completed and the out-of-plane loading test is performed, the supporting tables 3, the two side steel plates 4, the rear steel plate 5, the upper steel plate 6 and the front steel plate 7 at the two ends of the wave-shaped steel plate test pieces are required to be installed again to form pouring steel molds respectively, and the pouring steel molds at the two ends are connected with the fixed supporting 2 respectively and used for fixing and restraining the wave-shaped steel plate test pieces after pouring is completed.
The casting mold in this embodiment forms a casting mold after assembly.
The working principle is as follows:
this section details the technical solution, including the specific composition and function of each section.
(1) Integrated component support manufacturing module
The module has the function of completing pouring of the integrated component support through the installed pouring steel mold, and the pouring steel mold mainly comprises a front steel plate (a clamping plate and a control plate), a rear steel plate, an upper steel plate, a supporting table and a side steel plate). The working principle is as follows:
1) And (3) a processing stage of pouring the template. (1) The assembly splint and the control panel form the front steel plate, the front steel plate is divided into the control panel and the splint, the control panels for pouring different components can be identical, pouring of different wave-shaped steel plate supports is realized by replacing the splint, and meanwhile, the processing cost can be reduced by replacing the splint only. The single-head bolt connecting the clamping plate and the control plate is only provided with threads on one side of the control plate, and when the clamping plate is connected with the control plate, the bolt is screwed into the control plate first, and then the bolt is inserted into the clamping plate. The clamping plate and the control plate can be tightly connected by processing threads on the control plate, on the other hand, the clamping plates are required to be replaced according to the section shape of the test piece because the control plates of different pouring test pieces are identical, so that the processing cost can be reduced and the test efficiency can be improved by not processing threads on the clamping plates. The control plate is provided with a bolt hole for connecting the upper steel plate and the lower steel plate, so that certain machining errors can be allowed on one hand, and on the other hand, when the height of the control plate is changed along with the thickness of the corrugated steel plate, the control plate can be connected with the upper steel plate through bolts, and the thickness change of the corrugated steel plate is met; (2) the rear steel plate is also provided with a long bolt hole, and the side surface of the rear steel plate is provided with a bolt hole for connecting the side steel plates; (3) the inclined steel plates of the upper steel plate and the supporting table are inclined at a certain angle, so that the cross section of the pouring die formed by installation is trapezoid, when the sizes of the current steel plates are the same, compared with the rectangular cross section pouring die formed by not inclining the upper steel plate and the lower steel plate, the pouring die can remarkably reduce the consumption of pouring materials, meanwhile, the shearing force transmitted to the support by the corrugated steel plate is mainly concentrated on the cross section of the adjacent front steel plate, and the volume reduced by the support is mainly concentrated near the rear steel plate, so that the shearing bearing capacity of the support poured by the pouring die is not remarkably reduced. The upper steel plate is provided with a pouring hole and an observation hole, and in addition, two horizontal bolt holes are respectively arranged at the front and the rear of the upper steel plate and are used for connecting the front and the rear steel plates; (4) the inclined steel plate at the bottom of the pouring steel die is difficult to connect with the fixed support, so that the inclined steel plate at the bottom is welded with the flat steel plate with the through long bolt holes through four stiffening ribs to form a support table of the pouring steel die, and the support table is connected with the fixed support through the through long bolt holes of the flat steel plate. The inclined angles of the upper steel plate and the supporting table inclined steel plate can be flexibly changed, the use level of pouring materials can be further reduced by increasing the inclined angle under the condition that the end part of the corrugated steel plate is fixed, in addition, two horizontal bolt holes are formed in the front and the rear of the inclined steel plate respectively for connecting the front and the rear steel plates, and when the out-of-plane loading test needs to install a clamping plate to achieve the fixed constraint of the end part of a component, the shearing force of the end part of a test piece is mainly born by the front steel plate, so that the front end of a stiffening rib extends for a certain length and is used for bearing the shearing force transmitted by a bottom control plate; (5) the side steel plates with the extending arms are provided with bolt holes for connecting the front steel plate and the rear steel plate and through long bolt holes for connecting the fixed support, the extending arms of the side steel plates can firmly restrict casting steel molds consisting of the front steel plate, the rear steel plate, the upper steel plate, the side steel plate and the support platform, and the side steel plates are connected with the fixed support through bolts, so that the restriction on the integrated components is finally realized. When the pouring steel die is used for fixing the integrated component in an out-of-plane loading test, the side steel plates are used for restraining the extending arms of the front steel plates to be located at the connecting positions of the clamping plates and the control plates, so that out-of-plane displacement of the clamping plates and the control plates can be simultaneously limited. Compared with the method that the extending arms with the whole length are adopted to limit the horizontal displacement of the integrated component, the short extending arms can be adopted to realize the secondary installation of the integrated component after pouring and the pouring die in the out-of-plane loading stage (namely, the installation of the side steel plates can be completed in a mode of finally pushing the side steel plates from two sides).
2) And (3) installing the pouring template and pouring materials. Firstly, a supporting table, a rear steel plate and a bottom control plate are connected through bolts, then corresponding clamping plates are selected according to different waveforms, the bottom clamping plates and the control plate are fixed through single-head bolts, then a waveform steel plate test piece with a welding end plate is placed, a top clamping plate and the control plate are sequentially installed, after the installation of a front steel plate is completed, the front steel plate and the rear steel plate are connected with an upper steel plate through bolts, finally side steel plates are pushed in from two sides, and the side steel plates, the front steel plate and the rear steel plate are fixed through two diagonal bolts, so that the installation of a pouring steel die is completed. The pouring of different types of pouring materials can be performed through the pouring holes, and the pouring materials can be ensured to fill the whole die through the two observation holes.
3) And (3) a disassembly stage of the pouring template. After pouring and curing of the supports at the two ends of the corrugated steel plate test piece are completed, the fixing bolts of the pouring steel molds at the two ends are unscrewed, the side steel plates are taken out, then the upper steel plate, the front steel plate and the rear steel plate are sequentially taken out, finally the poured test piece is taken out, then the pouring templates at the two ends of the test piece are reinstalled, and then the pouring of the next test piece support can be performed.
(2) Fixed support module
The module functions as fixing of the poured integrated member, and the restraint of the end part of the integrated member is realized by installing the pouring steel die for the second time and fixing the pouring steel die to the fixed support.
1) The mounting stage before the surface loading test. Firstly, connecting a supporting table of a pouring steel die with a fixed support through bolts, then placing the poured integrated component on the supporting table, sequentially installing a front steel plate (a control plate and a clamping plate), a rear steel plate and an upper steel plate, and finally pushing a side steel plate into the supporting table and connecting the side steel plate with the fixed support through bolts to finish secondary installation of the pouring steel die. The horizontal displacement of the end part of the component is limited by the side steel plate extension arm in the loading process, and the rotation of the end part of the component is limited by the clamping plate of the front steel plate, so that the fixing constraint of the casting steel die on the end part of the corrugated steel plate is realized.
2) And a disassembly stage after the surface loading test. After the test is finished, firstly unscrewing the fixing bolts of the side steel plates, taking out the side steel plates, then unscrewing the bolts between the rest pouring templates, and sequentially taking down the front steel plates, the rear steel plates and the upper steel plates, wherein the supporting table can be kept connected with the fixing support. Finally, the integrated component is removed for the next set of tests.
Embodiment one: and (3) changing the type of the corrugated steel plate. The front steel plate of the pouring steel die is divided into a control plate and a clamping plate, the control plate and the clamping plate are connected through a single-head bolt, the clamping plate can be changed and processed into any shape according to the section of a test piece, and only the bolt connection between the clamping plate and the top and bottom control plates is required, so that the out-plane loading test of different types of waveform steel plates can be realized by changing the shape of the clamping plate.
Embodiment two: the loading position and the length of the corrugated steel plate. The method is characterized in that a through long inverted T-shaped bolt hole is formed in the rigid ground, so that the bolt can move along the through long T-shaped bolt hole, further, the movement of the fixed support at different positions on the ground can be met, and the loading (such as mid-span loading and 1/4-span loading) of different positions of a test piece can be realized by moving the position of the fixed support when out-of-plane loading (such as a local impact test or a bending test) is performed; when the length of the test piece changes, the test pieces with different lengths can be fixed and restrained by moving the fixed support, and in addition, the bolt holes for connecting the support table, the side steel plates and the fixed support are arranged as through long holes, so that the support can be adjusted along the length direction of the bolt holes.
Embodiment III: constraining the change in stiffness. Different casting materials have different mechanical properties, the types of casting materials (such as UHPC, common concrete, paraffin, gypsum and cement grouting materials) are changed in the casting stage of the integrated component support to change the rigidity of the casting support, in addition, the installation of the casting steel mold clamping plates is canceled when the integrated component is fixed on a fixed support, at the moment, the end part of the waveform steel plate is only limited by the casting support in the out-of-plane loading stage, and when the rigidity of the casting support is changed, the end part constraint rigidity of the waveform steel plate is changed along with the change, so that the change of the end part rotation and displacement constraint rigidity of the waveform steel plate can be realized by changing the types of casting materials and canceling the installation of the clamping plates when the casting steel mold is secondarily installed. (if the clamping plate is installed in the secondary installation stage of the casting steel die before the out-of-plane loading test is carried out, the clamping plate can effectively restrict the rotation of the end part of the corrugated steel plate, and meanwhile, a casting material with high strength is adopted when the support is cast so as to ensure that the corrugated steel plate of the welded end plate cannot relatively displace with the casting support, and at the moment, the extension arm of the side steel plate can effectively restrict the displacement of the integrated component, and finally, the fixing restriction of the end part of the corrugated steel plate is realized).
Embodiment four: a change in loading angle. In practical engineering application, the waveform steel plate can be subjected to loads of different angles, so that the influence of the loading angle on the waveform steel plate is very important to research. Firstly, adjusting the inclination angle of the waveform steel plate according to a preset loading angle, selecting corresponding clamping plates according to the section shapes of the waveform steel plate under different inclination angles, then installing a pouring die and pouring a support, finally fixing the poured integrated component to a fixed support through installing the pouring die for the second time, and completing an out-of-plane loading test. Because the pouring steel die and the fixed support are mutually independent and can be connected through bolts, when the impact angle is changed, the external loading of the corrugated steel plate under different angles can be met only by changing the height of the fixed support, but when the loading angle is overlarge, the height of the pouring steel die is required to be increased to meet the pouring and fixed constraint of the end part of the corrugated steel plate, and fig. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a fixed end constraint device when the impact angle is 45 degrees.
Fifth embodiment: and (5) fixing and restraining the corrugated steel plate composite member. The clamping plate of the pouring steel die can be processed into any shape according to the section of the test piece, and only the bolt connection between the clamping plate and the top and bottom control plates is required, so that the fixing constraint of the corrugated steel plate composite member can be realized by changing the shape of the clamping plate. For example, the top and bottom clamping plates are replaced by rectangular and wave-shaped section plates respectively, so that the fixing constraint of the wave-shaped steel plate-concrete composite plate can be realized, in addition, in order to ensure that the welded end plates can effectively limit the displacement and rotation of the composite plate in the pouring support so as to realize the combination of the two into a whole, the ribbed end plates are welded at the ends of the wave-shaped steel plate to enhance the constraint effect of the end plates on the composite plate when the composite plate is manufactured (the ribbed end plates can be embedded in the corrugated steel plate when the composite plate is poured with concrete, so that the integrity of the end plates and the composite plate is enhanced, in addition, overhanging steel bars can be reserved at the ends of the corrugated steel plate when the composite plate is poured with concrete, when the integrated component support is poured, the whole is formed between the pouring support and the composite plate through the welded end plates and the overhanging steel bars, and the fixing constraint on the ends of the composite plate is realized through a secondarily installed steel die), and fig. 11 illustrates the structural schematic diagram of the wave-shaped steel plate-concrete composite plate before the test.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto and that other modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended, of course, that such modifications are within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a fixed end restraint device of board component face external loading test, it includes rigidity ground (1), its characterized in that: the device also comprises two integrated component support manufacturing modules and two fixed supports (2), wherein the two fixed supports (2) are oppositely arranged on the rigid ground (1), and each fixed support (2) is provided with one integrated component support manufacturing module;
each integrated component support manufacturing module comprises a supporting table (3), two side steel plates (4), a rear steel plate (5), an upper steel plate (6) and a front steel plate (7), wherein the rear steel plate (5) and the front steel plate (7) are arranged on the supporting table (3) front and back, the upper steel plate (6) is covered on the rear steel plate (5) and the front steel plate (7), and the two side steel plates (4) are respectively clamped at the left side and the right side and are arranged on the side end surfaces of the rear steel plate (5) and the front steel plate (7) to form an integrated pouring steel die; the front steel plate (7) is provided with a restraining hole of a plate-shaped member.
2. The fixed end restraining device for a plate-like member face external load test according to claim 1, wherein: the supporting platform (3) comprises a supporting bottom plate (3-1), a plurality of reinforcing ribs (3-2) and inclined steel plates (3-3), the plurality of reinforcing ribs (3-2) are arranged on the supporting bottom plate (3-1) in parallel, and the inclined steel plates (3-3) are arranged on the plurality of reinforcing ribs (3-2).
3. The fixed end restraining device for a plate-like member face external load test according to claim 2, wherein: the reinforcing rib (3-2) is a right trapezoid reinforcing rib, and the inclined steel plate (3-3) positioned on the reinforcing rib (3-2) inclines towards the front steel plate (7).
4. A plate-like member face external load test fixing end restraining apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the upper steel plate (6) is provided with pouring holes (6-1).
5. The fixed end restraining device for a plate-like member face external load test according to claim 4, wherein: the front steel plate (7) comprises a top control plate (7-1), a top clamping plate (7-2), a bottom clamping plate (7-3) and a bottom control plate (7-4), wherein the top clamping plate (7-2) and the bottom clamping plate (7-3) are arranged on the same vertical plane up and down, a gap is reserved between the top clamping plate (7-2) and the bottom clamping plate (7-3) for clamping a plate-shaped component, the top control plate (7-1) is vertically arranged at the upper end of the top clamping plate (7-2), and the bottom control plate (7-4) is vertically arranged on the lower end face of the bottom clamping plate (7-3).
6. The fixed end restraining device for a plate-like member face external load test according to claim 5, wherein: the front steel plate (7) further comprises a plurality of single-head bolts (7-5), a plurality of bolt holes are respectively formed in the lower end face of the top control plate (7-1) and the upper end face of the bottom control plate (7-4), a plurality of top positioning holes are formed in the upper end face of the top clamping plate (7-2), a plurality of bottom positioning holes are formed in the lower end face of the bottom clamping plate (7-3), the threaded section of each single-head bolt (7-5) is screwed in one bolt hole, and the columnar section of each single-head bolt (7-5) is inserted into the top positioning holes and the bottom positioning holes.
7. The fixed end restraining device for a plate-like member face external load test according to claim 6, wherein: the side steel plate (4) comprises an L-shaped base (4-1) and a plurality of extending arms (4-2), the extending arms (4-2) are horizontally arranged on the side end face of the L-shaped base (4-1), and the extending arms (4-2) are positioned on the outer side end face of the vertical section of the L-shaped base (4-1).
8. The fixed end restraining device for a plate-like member face external load test according to claim 7, wherein: the side steel plates (4) further comprise reinforcing plates (4-3), and the reinforcing plates (4-3) are arranged on the horizontal section and the vertical section of the L-shaped base (4-1).
9. The fixed end restraining device for a plate-like member face external load test according to claim 5, wherein: the gap between the top clamping plate (7-2) and the bottom clamping plate (7-3) is wave-shaped.
10. A method of assembling and disassembling a fixing end restraining device for a plate-like member surface external load test according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
step one: a processing stage of pouring the template;
the method comprises the following steps: a pre-assembly steel plate (7);
the lower end face of the top control plate (7-1) and the upper end face of the bottom control plate (7-4) are respectively provided with a plurality of bolt holes, the upper end face of the top clamping plate (7-2) is provided with a plurality of top positioning holes, the lower end face of the bottom clamping plate (7-3) is provided with a plurality of bottom positioning holes, the threaded section of each single-head bolt (7-5) is screwed in one bolt hole, and the columnar section of each single-head bolt (7-5) is inserted in the top positioning hole and the bottom positioning hole;
step two: the side surface of the rear steel plate (5) is provided with a bolt hole;
step one, three: the inclined steel plates (3-3) on the supporting table (3) are obliquely arranged through a plurality of reinforcing ribs (3-2), so that the cross section of a pouring die formed by installation is trapezoid;
step four: the side steel plate (4) with the extension arm (4-2) is provided with bolt holes for connecting the front steel plate (7) and the rear steel plate (5) and through long bolt holes connected with the fixed support (2);
Step two: installing a pouring template and pouring materials;
step two,: the supporting table (3), the rear steel plate (5) and the bottom control plate (7-4) are connected through bolts, then the corresponding top clamping plate (7-2) and the corresponding bottom clamping plate (7-3) are selected according to different waveforms, and the bottom clamping plate (7-3) and the bottom control plate (7-4) are fixed through single-head bolts (7-5);
step two: placing a corrugated steel plate test piece with a welding end plate, sequentially installing a top clamping plate (7-2), a top control plate (7-1) and an upper steel plate (6), finally pushing in side steel plates (4) from two sides, and fixing the side steel plates (4) with a front steel plate (7) and a rear steel plate (5) through two diagonal bolts to finish the installation of the pouring steel template;
step two, three: pouring different types of pouring materials are poured through the pouring holes (6-1), and the pouring materials are ensured to fill the whole die through two observation holes on the upper steel plate (6);
step three: a pouring template disassembling stage;
after pouring and maintenance of the pouring steel template are completed, unscrewing the fixing bolts and taking out the side steel plates (4), sequentially taking down the upper steel plate (6), the front steel plate (7) and the rear steel plate (5), finally taking out a wave-shaped steel plate test piece after pouring, and re-installing the pouring templates at the two ends of the wave-shaped steel plate test piece to pour the next wave-shaped steel plate;
Step four: a secondary installation stage of the pouring template;
when pouring of all the waveform steel plate test pieces is completed and surface external loading test is carried out, the supporting tables (3), the two side steel plates (4), the rear steel plate (5), the upper steel plate (6) and the front steel plate (7) at the two ends of the waveform steel plate test pieces are required to be installed again to form pouring steel molds, and the pouring steel molds at the two ends are respectively connected with the fixed supporting plates (2) for fixing and restraining the poured waveform steel plate test pieces.
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