CN117545116A - Flexible film, preparation method and application thereof, and ice control system - Google Patents
Flexible film, preparation method and application thereof, and ice control system Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
- H05B1/0202—Switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
- H05B1/0227—Applications
- H05B1/023—Industrial applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
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- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于防除冰技术领域，具体涉及一种柔性薄膜及其制备方法和应用、防除冰系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of anti-icing and de-icing, and specifically relates to a flexible film, its preparation method and application, and an anti-icing and de-icing system.
背景技术Background technique
工程表面积冰常发生在飞机、风力发电机叶片、高铁底盘等区域，工程表面积冰会使设备在运行方面产生安全隐患，进而造成财产损失。目前常用的飞机防除冰技术有热力防除冰技术和机械防除冰技术。热力防除冰技术因为其高效而被广泛应用，而传统的气热防除冰技术由于系统复杂、热气温度过高，大大限制了其在复合材料领域的应用。因此，研究人员开发了多种电热防除冰技术，如采用金属喷溅技术制备金属涂层或采用碳基导电材料制备有机导电涂层后可通电产生焦耳热，从而加热积冰表面实现防除冰。但是，持续加热会造成加热元件的温度过高，从而导致基材和加热元件的热损伤，为了避免热损伤情况的发生，科研人员在加热系统引入了热电偶式的温度传感器。但是现有的引入温度传感器的方式提高了系统的复杂度并且不能精确控制加热区域，从而造成不必要的能源消耗。Ice accumulation on engineering surfaces often occurs in areas such as aircraft, wind turbine blades, and high-speed rail chassis. Ice accumulation on engineering surfaces can cause safety hazards in the operation of equipment, thereby causing property losses. Currently, commonly used aircraft anti-icing technologies include thermal anti-icing technology and mechanical anti-icing technology. Thermal anti-icing technology is widely used because of its high efficiency. However, the traditional gas-thermal anti-icing technology has greatly limited its application in the field of composite materials due to its complex system and high thermal temperature. Therefore, researchers have developed a variety of electrothermal anti-icing technologies, such as using metal sputtering technology to prepare metal coatings or using carbon-based conductive materials to prepare organic conductive coatings that can be energized to generate Joule heat, thereby heating the ice-accumulated surface to achieve anti-icing. However, continued heating will cause the temperature of the heating element to be too high, resulting in thermal damage to the substrate and heating element. In order to avoid thermal damage, researchers introduced a thermocouple-type temperature sensor into the heating system. However, the existing method of introducing temperature sensors increases the complexity of the system and cannot accurately control the heating area, resulting in unnecessary energy consumption.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种柔性薄膜及其制备方法和应用、防除冰系统，将本发明提供的柔性薄膜应用于防除冰系统能够实时监测设备表面温度和结冰情况，并精确控制需要加热区域在保证良好除防冰情况的前提下减少能耗。In view of this, the present invention provides a flexible film, its preparation method and application, and an anti-icing system. Applying the flexible film provided by the present invention to an anti-icing system can monitor the surface temperature and icing conditions of equipment in real time, and accurately control the needs The heated area reduces energy consumption while ensuring good de-icing and anti-icing conditions.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种柔性薄膜，包括柔性基底、阵列分布于所述柔性基底表面的加热/温敏层、覆盖所述加热/温敏层表面的绝缘层和阵列分布于所述绝缘层表面的结冰感知层；所述加热/温敏层的阵列分布方式与所述结冰感知层的阵列分布方式一致；In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a flexible film, which includes a flexible substrate, a heating/temperature-sensitive layer array distributed on the surface of the flexible substrate, an insulating layer covering the surface of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer, and an array distributed on the surface of the flexible substrate. The ice sensing layer on the surface of the insulation layer; the array distribution mode of the heating/temperature sensitive layer is consistent with the array distribution mode of the ice sensing layer;
所述加热/温敏层中含有导电电路；The heating/temperature sensitive layer contains a conductive circuit;
所述结冰感知层中含有导电电路。The ice sensing layer contains conductive circuits.
优选的，所述柔性基底的材质为非导电聚合物材料；Preferably, the flexible substrate is made of non-conductive polymer material;
所述柔性基底的厚度为0.5mm以下。The thickness of the flexible substrate is less than 0.5mm.
优选的，所述非导电聚合物材料为聚酰亚胺、聚二甲基硅氧烷或聚酯。Preferably, the non-conductive polymer material is polyimide, polydimethylsiloxane or polyester.
优选的，所述加热/温敏层的材料为聚合物和碳基导电填料混合料；Preferably, the material of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer is a mixture of polymer and carbon-based conductive filler;
所述聚合物包括环氧树脂、聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂中的一种或几种；The polymer includes one or more of epoxy resin, polyurethane and acrylic resin;
所述碳基导电填料包括石墨烯、碳纳米管和石墨粉中的一种或几种；The carbon-based conductive filler includes one or more of graphene, carbon nanotubes and graphite powder;
所述加热/温敏层的厚度为50～200μm。The thickness of the heating/temperature sensitive layer is 50-200 μm.
优选的，所述绝缘层的材料为绝缘树脂；Preferably, the material of the insulating layer is insulating resin;
所述绝缘层的厚度为30～100μm。The thickness of the insulating layer is 30-100 μm.
优选的，所述结冰感知层的材料为碳纳米材料和聚合物混合物料；所述碳纳米材料为碳纳米管、石墨烯、和石墨粉的一种或几种；所述聚合物为高密度聚乙烯、聚酰亚胺、环氧树脂、聚氨酯和酚醛树脂中的一种或者几种；Preferably, the material of the ice sensing layer is a mixture of carbon nanomaterials and polymers; the carbon nanomaterials are one or more of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite powder; the polymer is a high One or more of density polyethylene, polyimide, epoxy resin, polyurethane and phenolic resin;
所述结冰感知层中任一阵列单元的形状为梳齿型、环形或方形；The shape of any array unit in the ice sensing layer is comb-shaped, annular or square;
所述结冰感知层的厚度为10～60μm。The thickness of the ice sensing layer is 10-60 μm.
优选的，所述加热/温敏层和结冰感知层中的导电电路独立的由导电金属浆料打印得到。Preferably, the conductive circuits in the heating/temperature-sensitive layer and the ice-sensing layer are independently printed from conductive metal paste.
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述柔性薄膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a method for preparing the flexible film described in the above technical solution, which includes the following steps:
在柔性基底表面打印加热/温敏导电电路后制备阵列分布的加热/温敏层；After printing a heating/temperature-sensitive conductive circuit on the surface of a flexible substrate, an array-distributed heating/temperature-sensitive layer is prepared;
在所述加热/温敏层表面制备绝缘层；Prepare an insulating layer on the surface of the heating/temperature sensitive layer;
在所述绝缘层表面打印结冰感知导电电路后制备阵列分布的结冰感知层。After printing an ice-sensing conductive circuit on the surface of the insulating layer, an array-distributed ice-sensing layer is prepared.
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述柔性薄膜或上述技术方案所述的制备方法制备得到的柔性薄膜在防除冰系统中的应用。The present invention also provides the application of the flexible film described in the above technical solution or the flexible film prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution in an anti-icing system.
本发明还提供了一种防除冰系统，包括柔性薄膜1、与所述柔性薄膜1中加热/温敏层中导电电路连接的温度检测模块2、与所述柔性薄膜1中加热/温敏层中导电电路连接的继电器3、与所述继电器3连接的电源4、与所述柔性薄膜1中结冰感知层中导电电路连接的结冰检测模块5和分别与所述温度检测模块2和结冰检测模块5连接的信号处理模块6，所述信号处理模块6信号连接所述继电器3；The invention also provides an anti-icing system, which includes a flexible film 1, a temperature detection module 2 connected to a conductive circuit in the heating/temperature-sensitive layer in the flexible film 1, and a temperature detection module 2 connected to the heating/temperature-sensitive layer in the flexible film 1. A relay 3 connected to a conductive circuit, a power supply 4 connected to the relay 3, an icing detection module 5 connected to a conductive circuit in the icing sensing layer of the flexible film 1 and the temperature detection module 2 and the icing detection module 5 respectively. The ice detection module 5 is connected to the signal processing module 6, and the signal processing module 6 is signal-connected to the relay 3;
所述柔性薄膜1为上述技术方案所述柔性薄膜或上述技术方案所述的制备方法制备得到的柔性薄膜。The flexible film 1 is the flexible film described in the above technical solution or the flexible film prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution.
本发明提供了一种柔性薄膜，包括柔性基底、阵列分布于所述柔性基底表面的加热/温敏层、覆盖所述加热/温敏层表面的绝缘层和阵列分布于所述绝缘层表面的结冰感知层；所述加热/温敏层的阵列方式与所述结冰感知层的阵列方式一致；所述加热/温敏层中含有导电电路；所述结冰感知层中含有导电电路。本发明提供的柔性薄膜将温度监测、加热、结冰探测耦合在一起，能够实现薄膜二维温度场的实时监测，同时能够利用焦耳热效应实现薄膜的热力防除冰。本发明提供的柔性薄膜中的加热/温敏层和结冰感知层中采用阵列分布的方式能够精确检测结冰区域并实现分区域加热除防冰，采用较低的能耗就能实现良好的防除冰效果。The invention provides a flexible film, which includes a flexible substrate, a heating/temperature-sensitive layer arrayed on the surface of the flexible substrate, an insulating layer covering the surface of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer, and an array distributed on the surface of the insulating layer. An icing sensing layer; the array mode of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer is consistent with the array mode of the icing-sensing layer; the heating/temperature-sensitive layer contains a conductive circuit; and the icing sensing layer contains a conductive circuit. The flexible film provided by the invention couples temperature monitoring, heating, and icing detection together, can realize real-time monitoring of the two-dimensional temperature field of the film, and can also utilize the Joule heating effect to achieve thermal anti-icing of the film. The heating/temperature-sensitive layer and icing sensing layer in the flexible film provided by the present invention adopt an array distribution method to accurately detect icing areas and realize regional heating and anti-icing, and can achieve good results with lower energy consumption. Anti-deicing effect.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为结冰感知层中阵列单元的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the array unit in the ice sensing layer;
图2为柔性薄膜的的结构示意图，其中上面的图为平面结构示意图，下面的图为纵切面结构示意图，其中7为柔性基底，8-1为加热/温敏层中导电电路，8-2为加热/温敏层中聚合物和碳基导电填料混合料，9为绝缘层，10-1为结冰感知层中导电电路，10-2为结冰感知层中碳纳米材料和聚合物混合物料；Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible film. The upper picture is a schematic diagram of the planar structure, and the lower picture is a schematic structural diagram of a longitudinal section. 7 is the flexible substrate, 8-1 is the conductive circuit in the heating/temperature-sensitive layer, and 8-2 It is the mixture of polymer and carbon-based conductive filler in the heating/temperature sensitive layer, 9 is the insulating layer, 10-1 is the conductive circuit in the ice sensing layer, and 10-2 is the mixture of carbon nanomaterials and polymer in the ice sensing layer. material;
图3为制备柔性薄膜的流程示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the process for preparing flexible films;
图4为防除冰系统结构示意图，其中，1为柔性薄膜、2为温度检测模块、3为继电器、4为电源、5为结冰检测模块、6为信号处理模块。Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-icing system, in which 1 is the flexible film, 2 is the temperature detection module, 3 is the relay, 4 is the power supply, 5 is the ice detection module, and 6 is the signal processing module.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明提供了一种柔性薄膜，包括柔性基底、阵列分布于所述柔性基底表面的加热/温敏层、覆盖所述加热/温敏层表面的绝缘层和阵列分布于所述绝缘层表面的结冰感知层；所述加热/温敏层的阵列方式与所述结冰感知层的阵列方式一致；The invention provides a flexible film, which includes a flexible substrate, a heating/temperature-sensitive layer arrayed on the surface of the flexible substrate, an insulating layer covering the surface of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer, and an array distributed on the surface of the insulating layer. Ice-sensing layer; the array mode of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer is consistent with the array mode of the ice-sensing layer;
所述加热/温敏层中含有导电电路；The heating/temperature sensitive layer contains a conductive circuit;
所述结冰感知层中含有导电电路。The ice sensing layer contains conductive circuits.
本发明提供的柔性薄膜包括柔性基底。在本发明中，所述柔性基底的材质优选为非导电聚合物材料；所述非导电聚合物材料优选为聚酰亚胺、聚二甲基硅氧烷薄膜或聚酯，更优选为聚酰亚胺薄膜或聚酯。The flexible film provided by the invention includes a flexible substrate. In the present invention, the material of the flexible substrate is preferably a non-conductive polymer material; the non-conductive polymer material is preferably polyimide, polydimethylsiloxane film or polyester, and more preferably polyamide imine film or polyester.
在本发明中，所述柔性基底的厚度优选为0.5mm以下，更优选为0.1～0.4mm。In the present invention, the thickness of the flexible substrate is preferably 0.5 mm or less, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.4 mm.
本发明提供的柔性薄膜包括阵列分布于所述柔性基底表面的加热/温敏层。在本发明中，所述加热/温敏层材料优选为聚合物和碳基导电填料混合料。在本发明中，所述聚合物优选包括环氧树脂、聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂中的一种或几种，更优选为环氧树脂或聚氨酯。在本发明中，当所述聚合物包括两种以上上述具体物质时，本发明对具体物质的配比无特殊要求，采用任意配比即可。在本发明中，所述碳基导电填料优选包括石墨烯、碳纳米管和石墨粉中的一种或几种，更优选为石墨烯或石墨粉。在本发明中，当所述碳基导电填料包括两种以上上述具体物质时，本发明对具体物质的配比无特殊要求，采用任意配比即可。在本发明中，所述聚合物和碳基导电填料的质量比优选为1～10:100，更优选为2～6:100。在本发明中，高分子复合热敏材料中的导电填料分散到高分子聚合物基体内形成了导电链，而外界的温度变化使高分子聚合物基体的体积发生变化，这导致高分子热敏材料中的导电网络遭到破坏，从而在宏观上展现出对温度的热敏效应。在较低温度时，导电填料在高分子聚合物基体中形成了良好的导电链网络，此时复合材料的电阻率比较低；随着外界温度的升高，由于导电填料的热膨胀系数要比高分子基体材料的热膨胀系数小很多，导致原来的导电网络开始被破坏，材料的电阻率升高；当温度到达基体的熔点附近，基体的体积快速增大，进一步导致导电网络被严重破坏，材料出现明显的热敏效应。The flexible film provided by the present invention includes a heating/temperature-sensitive layer array distributed on the surface of the flexible substrate. In the present invention, the heating/temperature-sensitive layer material is preferably a mixture of polymer and carbon-based conductive filler. In the present invention, the polymer preferably includes one or more of epoxy resin, polyurethane and acrylic resin, and is more preferably epoxy resin or polyurethane. In the present invention, when the polymer includes two or more of the above-mentioned specific substances, the present invention has no special requirements on the proportion of the specific substances, and any proportion can be used. In the present invention, the carbon-based conductive filler preferably includes one or more of graphene, carbon nanotubes and graphite powder, and is more preferably graphene or graphite powder. In the present invention, when the carbon-based conductive filler includes two or more specific substances mentioned above, the present invention has no special requirements on the proportion of specific substances, and any proportion can be used. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the polymer and the carbon-based conductive filler is preferably 1 to 10:100, and more preferably 2 to 6:100. In the present invention, the conductive filler in the polymer composite thermosensitive material is dispersed into the polymer matrix to form a conductive chain, and the external temperature change causes the volume of the polymer matrix to change, which results in the polymer thermosensitive material. The conductive network in the material is destroyed, thereby exhibiting a thermal sensitivity to temperature on a macroscopic scale. At lower temperatures, the conductive fillers form a good conductive chain network in the polymer matrix, and the resistivity of the composite material is relatively low at this time; as the external temperature increases, the thermal expansion coefficient of the conductive fillers is higher than The thermal expansion coefficient of the molecular matrix material is much smaller, causing the original conductive network to begin to be destroyed and the resistivity of the material to increase. When the temperature reaches near the melting point of the matrix, the volume of the matrix increases rapidly, further causing the conductive network to be severely damaged and the material to appear. Obvious heat-sensitive effect.
在本发明中，所述加热/温敏层的厚度优选为50～200μm，更优选为80～150μm。In the present invention, the thickness of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer is preferably 50 to 200 μm, more preferably 80 to 150 μm.
本发明对所述加热/温敏层的阵列方式无特殊要求，只要能够将柔性薄膜分割为若干小区域即可。在本发明中，所述加热/温敏层的阵列单元优选为正方形。本发明对所述正方形的大小无特殊限定。本发明将加热/温敏层设计为阵列排列方式能够将柔性薄膜分割为若干小区域，从而能够实时监测若干小区域的温度情况，进而精确控制加热区域实现分区域加热除防冰。The present invention has no special requirements on the array mode of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer, as long as the flexible film can be divided into several small areas. In the present invention, the array unit of the heating/temperature sensitive layer is preferably square. The present invention has no special limitation on the size of the square. The present invention designs the heating/temperature-sensitive layer in an array arrangement, which can divide the flexible film into several small areas, thereby enabling real-time monitoring of the temperature conditions of several small areas, and thereby accurately controlling the heating area to achieve regional heating, de-icing and anti-icing.
在本发明中，所述加热/温敏层中含有导电电路；所述导电电路的形状根据加热/温敏层的阵列方式设计，只要能够将加热/温敏层的阵列单元连接即可。在本发明中，所述导电电路优选由导电金属浆料打印得到。在本发明中，所述导电金属浆料优选为导电铜浆或导电银浆，更优选为导电银浆。在本发明中，所述打印优选为喷墨打印或3D打印。In the present invention, the heating/temperature-sensitive layer contains a conductive circuit; the shape of the conductive circuit is designed according to the array mode of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer, as long as the array units of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer can be connected. In the present invention, the conductive circuit is preferably printed by conductive metal paste. In the present invention, the conductive metal paste is preferably conductive copper paste or conductive silver paste, and more preferably is conductive silver paste. In the present invention, the printing is preferably inkjet printing or 3D printing.
本发明提供的柔性薄膜包括覆盖所述加热/温敏层表面的绝缘层。在本发明中，所述绝缘层的材料优选为绝缘树脂；所述绝缘树脂优选为聚氨酯或环氧树脂，更优选为聚氨酯。在本发明中，所述绝缘层的厚度优选为30～100μm，更优选为50～80μm。在本发明中，所述绝缘层的材料会填充于所述加热/温敏层中阵列单元之间的缝隙中。The flexible film provided by the invention includes an insulating layer covering the surface of the heating/temperature sensitive layer. In the present invention, the material of the insulating layer is preferably an insulating resin; the insulating resin is preferably polyurethane or epoxy resin, and more preferably polyurethane. In the present invention, the thickness of the insulating layer is preferably 30 to 100 μm, and more preferably 50 to 80 μm. In the present invention, the material of the insulating layer will be filled in the gaps between the array units in the heating/temperature-sensitive layer.
本发明提供的柔性薄膜还包括阵列分布于所述绝缘层表面的结冰感知层。在本发明中，所述结冰感知层的材料优选为碳纳米材料和聚合物混合物料；所述碳纳米材料优选为碳纳米管、石墨烯、和石墨粉的一种或几种，更优选为石墨烯；所述聚合物优选为高密度聚乙烯、聚酰亚胺、环氧树脂、聚氨酯和酚醛树脂中的一种或者几种，更优选为聚氨酯。在本发明中，所述碳纳米材料和聚合物的质量比优选为8～18:100，更优选为12～15:100。本发明在对结冰进行探测时，碳基导电材料被设计成不同的结构作为测试电极，分别为驱动端(电极)和接收端(电极)，表面结冰可使得驱动端和接收端之间的阻抗值发生变化，阻抗谱可用于检测积冰，通过在一定范围内改变激励信号的频率，可以观察到不同介质的阻抗谱的数值变化上的区别。The flexible film provided by the invention also includes an ice sensing layer array distributed on the surface of the insulating layer. In the present invention, the material of the ice sensing layer is preferably a carbon nanomaterial and a polymer mixture; the carbon nanomaterial is preferably one or more of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite powder, and more preferably It is graphene; the polymer is preferably one or more of high-density polyethylene, polyimide, epoxy resin, polyurethane and phenolic resin, and more preferably polyurethane. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the carbon nanomaterial and the polymer is preferably 8 to 18:100, and more preferably 12 to 15:100. When detecting icing in the present invention, the carbon-based conductive material is designed into different structures as test electrodes, which are the driving end (electrode) and the receiving end (electrode). Ice on the surface can cause the gap between the driving end and the receiving end. The impedance value changes, and the impedance spectrum can be used to detect ice accumulation. By changing the frequency of the excitation signal within a certain range, the difference in the numerical changes of the impedance spectrum of different media can be observed.
在本发明中，所述结冰感知层的厚度优选为10～60μm，更优选为30～50μm。In the present invention, the thickness of the ice sensing layer is preferably 10 to 60 μm, and more preferably 30 to 50 μm.
本发明对所述结冰感知层的阵列方式无特殊要求，只要能够将柔性薄膜分割为若干小区域即可。在本发明中，所述结冰感知层的阵列方式与加热/温敏层的阵列方式一致。在本发明中，所述结冰感知层中任一阵列单元的形状优选为梳齿型、环形或方形。本发明对所述阵列单元的大小无特殊限定。本发明将结冰感知层设计为阵列排列方式能够将柔性薄膜分割为若干小区域，从而能够实时监测若干小区域的结冰情况，进而精确控制加热区域实现分区域加热除防冰。在本发明中，所述结冰感知层优选包括驱动端和接收端，本发明优选通过3D打印或者喷涂等工艺制成；在结冰测试过程中，给驱动端施加一固定电压(0.5～1.5V)，接收端为零电压，表面结冰会导致驱动端和接收端之间的阻抗的变化，通过阻抗的检测，从而可以识别表面的结冰状态。结冰感知层中阵列单元的结构示意图如图1所示。The present invention has no special requirements on the array mode of the ice sensing layer, as long as the flexible film can be divided into several small areas. In the present invention, the array mode of the ice sensing layer is consistent with the array mode of the heating/temperature sensitive layer. In the present invention, the shape of any array unit in the ice sensing layer is preferably comb-shaped, annular or square. The present invention has no special limitation on the size of the array unit. The invention designs the icing sensing layer in an array arrangement, which can divide the flexible film into several small areas, thereby enabling real-time monitoring of icing conditions in several small areas, and then accurately controlling the heating area to achieve regional heating and anti-icing. In the present invention, the icing sensing layer preferably includes a driving end and a receiving end. The present invention is preferably made by 3D printing or spraying. During the icing test, a fixed voltage (0.5 to 1.5) is applied to the driving end. V), the receiving end is zero voltage, and ice on the surface will cause a change in the impedance between the driving end and the receiving end. Through the detection of the impedance, the icing state of the surface can be identified. The structural diagram of the array unit in the ice sensing layer is shown in Figure 1.
在本发明中，所述结冰感知层中含有导电电路；所述导电电路的形状根据加热/温敏层的阵列方式设计，只要能够将结冰感知层的阵列单元连接即可。在本发明中，所述导电电路优选由导电金属浆料打印得到。在本发明中，所述导电金属浆料优选为导电银浆或导电铜浆，更优选为导电银浆。在本发明中，所述打印优选为喷墨打印或3D打印。In the present invention, the ice-sensing layer contains a conductive circuit; the shape of the conductive circuit is designed according to the array mode of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer, as long as the array units of the ice-sensing layer can be connected. In the present invention, the conductive circuit is preferably printed by conductive metal paste. In the present invention, the conductive metal paste is preferably conductive silver paste or conductive copper paste, and more preferably is conductive silver paste. In the present invention, the printing is preferably inkjet printing or 3D printing.
在本发明中，所述结冰感知层能够测试表面积冰的厚度、冰层孔隙率、冰水混合物等不同的容抗差距，实现积冰探测。In the present invention, the ice sensing layer can test the thickness of ice on the surface, the porosity of the ice layer, the ice-water mixture and other differences in capacitance and resistance to realize ice accumulation detection.
以阵列单元为正方形，阵列单元的数量为12为例，柔性薄膜的的结构示意图如图2所示，其中上面的图为平面结构示意图，下面的图为纵切面结构示意图，其中7为柔性基底，8-1为加热/温敏层中导电电路，8-2为加热/温敏层中聚合物和碳基导电填料混合料，9为绝缘层，10-1为结冰感知层中导电电路，10-2为结冰感知层中碳纳米材料和聚合物混合物料。Taking the array unit as a square and the number of array units as 12 as an example, the schematic structural diagram of the flexible film is shown in Figure 2. The upper picture is a schematic diagram of the planar structure, and the lower picture is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section structure, of which 7 is the flexible substrate. , 8-1 is the conductive circuit in the heating/temperature-sensitive layer, 8-2 is the mixture of polymer and carbon-based conductive filler in the heating/temperature-sensitive layer, 9 is the insulating layer, 10-1 is the conductive circuit in the icing sensing layer , 10-2 is a mixture of carbon nanomaterials and polymers in the ice sensing layer.
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述柔性薄膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a method for preparing the flexible film described in the above technical solution, which includes the following steps:
在柔性基底表面打印加热/温敏导电电路后制备阵列分布的加热/温敏层；After printing a heating/temperature-sensitive conductive circuit on the surface of a flexible substrate, an array-distributed heating/temperature-sensitive layer is prepared;
在所述加热/温敏层表面制备绝缘层；Prepare an insulating layer on the surface of the heating/temperature sensitive layer;
在所述绝缘层表面打印结冰感知导电电路后制备阵列分布的结冰感知层。After printing an ice-sensing conductive circuit on the surface of the insulating layer, an array-distributed ice-sensing layer is prepared.
本发明在柔性基底表面打印加热/温敏导电电路后制备阵列分布的加热/温敏层。在本发明中，所述打印优选为喷墨打印或3D打印。在本发明中，制备阵列分布的加热/温敏层的方式优选为以加热/温敏层的材料为原料进行打印，所述打印优选为3D打印。The invention prepares an array-distributed heating/temperature-sensitive layer after printing a heating/temperature-sensitive conductive circuit on the surface of a flexible substrate. In the present invention, the printing is preferably inkjet printing or 3D printing. In the present invention, the method of preparing the array-distributed heating/temperature-sensitive layer is preferably printing using the material of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer as raw material, and the printing is preferably 3D printing.
得到加热/温敏层后，本发明在所述加热/温敏层表面制备绝缘层。在本发明中，制备绝缘层的方式优选为旋涂或者喷涂，更优选为喷涂。After obtaining the heating/temperature-sensitive layer, the present invention prepares an insulating layer on the surface of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer. In the present invention, the method of preparing the insulating layer is preferably spin coating or spray coating, and more preferably spray coating.
得到绝缘层后，本发明在所述绝缘层表面打印结冰感知导电电路后制备阵列分布的结冰感知层。在本发明中，所述制备阵列分布的结冰感知层的方式优选为以绝缘层的材料为原料进行打印，所述打印优选为3D打印。After obtaining the insulating layer, the present invention prints an ice-sensing conductive circuit on the surface of the insulating layer to prepare an array-distributed ice-sensing layer. In the present invention, the method of preparing the array-distributed ice-sensing layer is preferably printing using the material of the insulating layer as a raw material, and the printing is preferably 3D printing.
以阵列单元为正方形，阵列单元数量为4，结冰感知层中阵列单原为梳齿型为例，图3为制备柔性薄膜的流程示意图；具体为在柔性基底表面打印加热/温敏层导电电路后打印加热/温敏层材料；在加热/温敏层表面制备绝缘层，在绝缘层表面打印结冰感知层导电电路，在结冰感知层导电电路表面打印结冰感知层材料。Taking the array unit as a square, the number of array units as 4, and the array unit in the ice-sensing layer as a comb-tooth type as an example, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the process for preparing a flexible film; specifically, the conductive heating/temperature-sensitive layer is printed on the surface of the flexible substrate. After the circuit, the heating/temperature-sensitive layer material is printed; an insulation layer is prepared on the surface of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer, a conductive circuit of the ice-sensing layer is printed on the surface of the insulation layer, and the material of the ice-sensing layer is printed on the surface of the conductive circuit of the ice-sensing layer.
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述柔性薄膜或上述技术方案所述的制备方法制备得到的柔性薄膜在防除冰系统中的应用。The present invention also provides the application of the flexible film described in the above technical solution or the flexible film prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution in an anti-icing system.
本发明还提供了一种防除冰系统，包括柔性薄膜1、与所述柔性薄膜1中加热/温敏层中导电电路连接的温度检测模块2、与所述柔性薄膜1中加热/温敏层中导电电路连接的继电器3、与所述继电器3连接的电源4、与所述柔性薄膜1中结冰感知层中导电电路连接的结冰检测模块5和分别与所述温度检测模块2和结冰检测模块5连接的信号处理模块6，所述信号处理模块6信号连接所述继电器3；The invention also provides an anti-icing system, which includes a flexible film 1, a temperature detection module 2 connected to a conductive circuit in the heating/temperature-sensitive layer in the flexible film 1, and a temperature detection module 2 connected to the heating/temperature-sensitive layer in the flexible film 1. A relay 3 connected to a conductive circuit, a power supply 4 connected to the relay 3, an icing detection module 5 connected to a conductive circuit in the icing sensing layer of the flexible film 1 and the temperature detection module 2 and the icing detection module 5 respectively. The ice detection module 5 is connected to the signal processing module 6, and the signal processing module 6 is signal-connected to the relay 3;
所述柔性薄膜1为上述技术方案所述柔性薄膜或上述技术方案所述的制备方法制备得到的柔性薄膜。The flexible film 1 is the flexible film described in the above technical solution or the flexible film prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution.
在本发明中，温度检测模块2会将柔性薄膜1中加热/温敏层检测得到的温度传输给信号处理模块6；结冰检测模块5也会将柔性薄膜1中结冰感知层检测得到的结冰情况传输给信号处理模块6；信号处理模块6会结合温度和结冰情况控制继电器3的开关进行加热除防冰。In the present invention, the temperature detection module 2 will transmit the temperature detected by the heating/temperature-sensitive layer in the flexible film 1 to the signal processing module 6; the icing detection module 5 will also transmit the temperature detected by the icing sensing layer in the flexible film 1. The icing situation is transmitted to the signal processing module 6; the signal processing module 6 will combine the temperature and icing situation to control the switch of the relay 3 for heating, de-icing and anti-icing.
在本发明中，所述继电器3控制加热的开关，当需要加热时信号处理模块会控制继电器3闭合开启加热模式，当不需要加热时信号处理模块会控制继电器3断开停止加热。In the present invention, the relay 3 controls the heating switch. When heating is required, the signal processing module will control the relay 3 to close and turn on the heating mode. When heating is not required, the signal processing module will control the relay 3 to open and stop heating.
本发明通过对结冰信号的收集，利用控制器(继电器3)控制加热/温敏层，实现对结冰区域精准定点除冰，通过温度信号探测加热层的实时温度，并且通过控制器控制加热层的通断，防止加热层温度过高造成损伤；本发明提供的防除冰系统实现结冰/温度探测与加热防除冰功能的耦合，达到低能耗，精准定点除冰的目标。本发明提供的除防冰系统具有较高的高效性和安全性。The present invention collects icing signals and uses a controller (relay 3) to control the heating/temperature-sensitive layer to achieve precise and fixed-point de-icing of the icing area. It detects the real-time temperature of the heating layer through the temperature signal and controls the heating through the controller. The opening and closing of the heating layer prevents damage caused by excessive temperature of the heating layer; the anti-icing system provided by the invention realizes the coupling of icing/temperature detection and heating anti-icing functions to achieve the goal of low energy consumption and precise fixed-point deicing. The de-icing and anti-icing system provided by the invention has high efficiency and safety.
图4为防除冰系统结构示意图，其中，1为柔性薄膜、2为温度检测模块、3为继电器、4为电源、5为结冰检测模块、6为信号处理模块。Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-icing system, in which 1 is the flexible film, 2 is the temperature detection module, 3 is the relay, 4 is the power supply, 5 is the ice detection module, and 6 is the signal processing module.
为了进一步说明本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细地描述，但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。In order to further illustrate the present invention, the technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
按照图3的流程制备柔性薄膜；Prepare the flexible film according to the process in Figure 3;
以厚度为0.1mm的聚酰亚胺薄膜为柔性基底，按照图3阵列方式在聚酰亚胺薄膜表面喷墨打印导电银金属浆料形成加热/温敏导电电路；在加热/温敏导电电路表面3D打印形成厚度为80μm的加热/温敏层；加热/温敏层的材料为质量比为8:100的环氧树脂和石墨烯的导电填料混合料；Using a polyimide film with a thickness of 0.1mm as a flexible substrate, inkjet-print conductive silver metal paste on the surface of the polyimide film according to the array method in Figure 3 to form a heating/temperature-sensitive conductive circuit; in the heating/temperature-sensitive conductive circuit The surface is 3D printed to form a heating/temperature-sensitive layer with a thickness of 80 μm; the material of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer is a conductive filler mixture of epoxy resin and graphene with a mass ratio of 8:100;
在加热/温敏层表面通过旋涂方式制备厚度为50μm的绝缘层；绝缘层材料为聚氨酯；An insulating layer with a thickness of 50 μm is prepared on the surface of the heating/temperature-sensitive layer by spin coating; the insulating layer material is polyurethane;
按照图3阵列方式在绝缘层表面喷墨打印导电银浆形成结冰感知导电电路；在结冰感知导电电路表面3D打印形成厚度为60μm的结冰感知层，得到柔性薄膜；结冰感知层的材料为质量比为100:10的聚氨酯和石墨烯的混合物料，结冰感知层的结构为圆环形。According to the array method in Figure 3, inkjet-print conductive silver paste on the surface of the insulating layer to form an ice-sensing conductive circuit; 3D print an ice-sensing layer with a thickness of 60 μm on the surface of the ice-sensing conductive circuit to obtain a flexible film; the ice-sensing layer The material is a mixture of polyurethane and graphene with a mass ratio of 100:10, and the ice sensing layer has a circular structure.
实施例2Example 2
按照图4组装除防冰系统；Assemble the deicing and anti-icing system according to Figure 4;
将实施例1制备得到的所述柔性薄膜1中的加热/温敏层中导电电路与温度检测模块2连接；同时将柔性薄膜1中加热/温敏层中导电电路与继电器3连接，将继电器3连接电源4，将柔性薄膜1中结冰感知层中导电电路连接结冰检测模块5，将温度检测模块2和结冰检测模块5与信号处理模块6连接，将信号处理模块6通过信号连接继电器3，得到除防冰系统。Connect the conductive circuit in the heating/temperature-sensitive layer in the flexible film 1 prepared in Example 1 to the temperature detection module 2; at the same time, connect the conductive circuit in the heating/temperature-sensitive layer in the flexible film 1 to the relay 3, and connect the relay 3 Connect the power supply 4, connect the conductive circuit in the ice sensing layer in the flexible film 1 to the ice detection module 5, connect the temperature detection module 2 and the ice detection module 5 to the signal processing module 6, connect the signal processing module 6 through the signal Relay 3, gets the de-icing system.
该柔性薄膜应用于防除冰系统能够实时监测设备表面温度和结冰情况，并通过控制系统，监测薄膜温度和结冰状态，并通过继电器精确控制加热层的通断，保证良好除防冰情况的前提下减少能耗，以满足高效节能的防除冰需求。The flexible film used in the anti-icing system can monitor the surface temperature and icing conditions of the equipment in real time, and monitor the film temperature and icing status through the control system, and accurately control the on and off of the heating layer through the relay to ensure good de-icing and anti-icing conditions. Reduce energy consumption under the premise to meet the demand for efficient and energy-saving anti-icing.
尽管上述实施例对本发明做出了详尽的描述，但它仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例，人们还可以根据本实施例在不经创造性前提下获得其他实施例，这些实施例都属于本发明保护范围。Although the above embodiments describe the present invention in detail, they are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without any inventive step. These embodiments All belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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