CN117545014B - High-energy-efficiency LoRa MAC protocol based on busy tone beacon - Google Patents
High-energy-efficiency LoRa MAC protocol based on busy tone beacon Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/0273—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control adapting protocols for flow control or congestion control to wireless environment, e.g. adapting transmission control protocol [TCP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/0289—Congestion control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of sensor networks, and discloses a high-energy-efficiency LoRa MAC protocol based on a busy tone beacon, which specifically comprises the following steps: the LoRa gateway generates channel busy tone information according to the occupation condition of one or more current channel demodulators; and calculating the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency according to the global channel use condition and the channel transmission parameters of the network, further generating a busy tone beacon data packet and broadcasting in the network. The terminal node receives and analyzes the busy tone beacon data packet to obtain the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency; updating the channel selection matrix according to the three information; and finally, selecting a target logic channel from the channel selection matrix, and transmitting the data packet to the LoRa gateway through the target logic channel. Under the condition that no channel detection is carried out, each terminal node can select a proper logic channel to transmit the data packet, so that the collision rate of data packet transmission is reduced and the utilization efficiency of node energy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of sensor networks, in particular to a high-energy-efficiency LoRa MAC protocol based on a busy tone beacon.
Background
LoRa is a low-power consumption wide area network (LPWAN) communication technology developed by Semtech company, and a physical layer of the LoRa adopts a linear frequency modulation spread spectrum technology, so that the LoRa has the capabilities of low power consumption and long-distance transmission. LoRaWAN is a remote wide area network protocol developed by LoRa alliance based on LoRa chip, and adopts single-hop, star-shaped network topology structure and ALOHA protocol. Thanks to the excellent characteristics of the lorewan in terms of power consumption and transmission distance, it is widely used in the fields of intelligent meter reading, intelligent parking, intelligent agriculture, intelligent cities, etc.
In a practical industrial scenario, one LoRa gateway is often required to handle data transmission tasks of hundreds or even thousands of LoRa nodes. However, due to the simple design of the lorewan protocol, as the number of nodes increases gradually, serious packet collision problems may be caused, resulting in a drastic decrease in throughput of the gateway. More seriously, when the node cannot obtain an acknowledgement frame (ACK) from the LoRa server, the node will continuously retransmit the data packet, eventually exhausting the energy of the node. Currently, existing studies and patents have not been able to effectively solve this problem.
In order to meet different application scenes, the LoRaWAN provides a LoRa node working mechanism with different modes. Wherein class a adopts a low power mode, and the terminal opens two receiving windows only for a short time after uplink transmission to receive downlink data packets. The B category introduces a beacon mechanism based on the A category, and provides an additional receiving window with a fixed period, so that the terminal can open the receiving window in a specific time. And C, closing the receiving window briefly when data is transmitted, and keeping the receiving window in an open state for the rest of time.
In the existing study of the LoRa network MAC protocol, li Mo et al proposed a scheme of migrating the CSMA mechanism in WIFI to the LoRa network protocol, i.e., LMAC, and first proposed to implement Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) of LoRa by using CAD (channel activity detection) function of LoRa node hardware. In the LMAC-2 protocol, two different stages of DIFS (Distributed Inter-FRAME SPACING) and frame Back Off (BO) are adopted to detect the channel, after the channel transmission is not detected in both stages, the node formally transmits own data packet, otherwise, the collision probability of the channel is indirectly updated by utilizing the CAD detection condition, so that the node selects other channels with low collision probability to detect and transmit.
The protocol can effectively reduce node transmission collision of the standard LoRaWAN network, but introduces higher energy consumption on channel detection due to the longer CAD detection period, thereby reducing the endurance life of the nodes. In addition, the above protocol does not take into account CAD detection limitations and hidden termination problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a high-energy-efficiency LoRa MAC protocol based on a busy tone beacon, which aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, when a LoRaWAN network is connected with a large number of terminal nodes, the throughput of the whole LoRa network is suddenly reduced due to a large number of transmission collisions and data packet retransmission caused by an ALOHA protocol, and the high energy consumption caused by channel detection is introduced in the research work of the existing LoRa MAC protocol.
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the application discloses a high-energy-efficiency LoRa MAC protocol based on a busy tone beacon, which comprises the following steps:
the LoRa gateway generates channel busy tone information according to the occupation condition of one or more current channel demodulators;
The LoRa gateway calculates the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency according to the network global channel use condition and the channel transmission parameters;
The LoRa gateway generates a busy tone beacon data packet according to the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency, and broadcasts the busy tone beacon data packet in the network;
the terminal node receives and analyzes the busy tone beacon data packet to obtain the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency; updating a channel selection matrix according to the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency;
And the terminal node selects a target logic channel from the channel selection matrix according to a preset method, and transmits the data packet carrying the information to the LoRa gateway through the target logic channel.
Preferably, before the LoRa gateway generates the channel busy tone information according to the occupancy of the current one or more channel demodulators, the protocol further comprises:
And initializing the LoRa gateway and the terminal node.
Preferably, initializing the LoRa gateway and the terminal node includes:
the LoRa gateway clears the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency in the global information table;
the terminal node clears the local channel selection matrix.
Preferably, the number of the channel demodulators is 8, and the LoRa gateway generates channel busy tone information according to the occupation situation of the current one or more channel demodulators, including:
The LoRa gateway generates channel busy tone information according to the occupation condition of the current 8 channel demodulators, wherein the channel busy tone information is represented by an 8-bit character string corresponding to the channel demodulators.
Preferably, the LoRa gateway calculates the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency according to the global channel use condition and the channel transmission parameters of the network, and the method comprises the following steps:
The LoRa gateway calculates the channel congestion degree according to the number of the data packets detected in each logic channel;
Calculating channel transmission energy efficiency according to the related information of the data packet received on each logic channel; wherein, the related information of the data packet comprises signal-to-noise ratio, transmission power and spreading factor.
Preferably, the LoRa gateway generates a busy tone beacon data packet according to the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency, and the method comprises the following steps:
And the LoRa gateway splices the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency to generate a busy tone beacon data packet.
Preferably, the terminal node selects a target logical channel from the channel selection matrix according to a preset method, and transmits the data packet carrying the information to the LoRa gateway through the target logical channel, including:
The terminal node determines the channel score of the logic channel according to the channel selection matrix;
selecting a plurality of logic channels with highest channel scores from all logic channels as alternative logic channels;
Randomly selecting one from the alternative logical channels with the same probability as a target logical channel;
And transmitting the data packet carrying the information to the LoRa gateway through the target logical channel.
In the embodiment of the application, the LoRa gateway generates channel busy tone information according to the occupation condition of one or more current channel demodulators; calculating the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency according to the global channel use condition and the channel transmission parameters of the network; and generating a busy tone beacon data packet according to the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency, and broadcasting the busy tone beacon data packet in the network. The terminal node receives and analyzes the busy tone beacon data packet to obtain the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency; updating a channel selection matrix according to the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency; and finally, selecting a target logic channel from the channel selection matrix according to a preset method, and transmitting the data packet carrying information to the LoRa gateway through the target logic channel. When the load of the LoRa gateway is higher, each terminal node can select a proper logic channel to transmit the data packet according to the network global channel load condition and the transmitted energy efficiency information under the condition that no channel detection is performed, so that the collision rate of the data packet transmission is reduced and the utilization efficiency of the node energy is improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of embodiments of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a high energy efficiency LoRa MAC protocol based on busy tone beacons according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 2 is a timing diagram of a LoRa gateway broadcast busy tone beacon packet according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a frame format of a busy tone beacon packet sent by the LoRa gateway according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the application.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise, as understood by those skilled in the art. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or wirelessly coupled. The term "and/or" as used herein includes all or any element and all combination of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs unless defined otherwise. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
For the technical problems in the prior art, the high-energy-efficiency LoRa MAC protocol based on the busy tone beacon provided by the application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art.
The following describes the technical scheme of the present application and how the technical scheme of the present application solves the above technical problems in detail with specific embodiments. The following embodiments may be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described in detail in some embodiments. Embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the application provides a possible implementation mode and provides a flow chart of an energy-efficient LoRa MAC protocol based on a busy tone beacon. As shown in fig. 1, the execution of the protocol may include the steps of:
Step 101, the LoRa gateway generates channel busy tone information according to the occupation condition of one or more current channel demodulators;
102, the LoRa gateway calculates the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency according to the network global channel use condition and the channel transmission parameters;
Step 103, the LoRa gateway generates a busy tone beacon data packet according to the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency, and broadcasts the busy tone beacon data packet in the network;
104, receiving and analyzing the busy tone beacon data packet by the terminal node to obtain the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency; updating a channel selection matrix according to the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency;
Step 105, the terminal node selects a target logic channel from the channel selection matrix according to a preset method, and transmits the data packet carrying information to the loRa gateway through the target logic channel.
As a first example, the embodiment of the present application provides a timing diagram of a LoRa gateway broadcasting busy tone beacon data packet. As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the present application exemplifies a network composed of two nodes (node a and node B) and one LoRa gateway (i.e., gateway in fig. 2, hereinafter referred to as gateway).
Firstly, an A node firstly transmits a data packet on a certain channel, and in the transmitting stage of the A node, a gateway correspondingly receives the data packet of the A node, and the gateway can continuously broadcast busy tone beacon data packets in a network in the process of receiving the data packet of the A node, so that other nodes can not select the logic channel for transmission in the process of receiving the data packet of the A node by the gateway.
And periodically broadcasting the busy signal beacon data packet by the gateway after a period of time, and simultaneously enabling the node A to enter a receiving stage and receiving the busy signal beacon data packet. At this time, after receiving the busy tone beacon data packet periodically broadcast by the gateway, the node a analyzes the content of the busy tone beacon data packet to obtain channel busy tone information, channel congestion degrees of all the logical channels, channel transmission energy efficiency information of all the logical channels, and updates element values in its local channel selection matrix through the 3 kinds of information.
The next time node a enters the transmit phase, ready to transmit a packet to the gateway, node a may select another better logical channel (ch=3, sf=7) to transmit because the previous channel selection matrix was updated.
And the node B enters a receiving stage, analyzes the content of the busy tone beacon data packet when the busy tone beacon data packet broadcast by the gateway is received, acquires channel busy tone information, channel congestion degrees of all the logic channels and channel transmission energy efficiency information of all the logic channels, and updates element values in a local channel selection matrix of the node B through the 3 types of information.
When the node B enters the sending stage and has data to transmit data packets to the gateway, the node B selects an optimal logic channel for (ch=5, sf=8) transmission according to the local channel selection matrix.
And finally, the gateway receives data packets transmitted by the node A and the node B through different logic channels, and generates channel busy tone information, updates the congestion degree of the corresponding logic channel and the transmission energy efficiency of the corresponding logic channel according to the use condition of the current network channel.
In the embodiment of the application, the LoRa gateway generates channel busy tone information according to the occupation condition of one or more current channel demodulators; calculating the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency according to the global channel use condition and the channel transmission parameters of the network; and generating a busy tone beacon data packet according to the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency, and broadcasting the busy tone beacon data packet in the network. The terminal node receives and analyzes the busy tone beacon data packet to obtain the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency; updating a channel selection matrix according to the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency; and finally, selecting a target logic channel from the channel selection matrix according to a preset method, and transmitting the data packet carrying information to the LoRa gateway through the target logic channel. When the load of the LoRa gateway is higher, each terminal node can select a proper logic channel to transmit the data packet according to the network global channel load condition and the transmitted energy efficiency information under the condition that no channel detection is performed, so that the collision rate of the data packet transmission is reduced and the utilization efficiency of the node energy is improved.
In an alternative embodiment, before the LoRa gateway generates the channel busy tone information according to the occupancy of the current one or more channel demodulators, the protocol further comprises:
And initializing the LoRa gateway and the terminal node.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the operations of the steps 101 to 105 are implemented through a protocol system, and before the protocol system operates, an initialization operation is performed on a global information table local to the LoRa gateway and a channel selection matrix local to the terminal node.
In an alternative embodiment, initializing the LoRa gateway and the end node includes:
the LoRa gateway clears the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency in the global information table;
the terminal node clears the local channel selection matrix.
Wherein, the content of the global information table is as follows table 1:
Table 1 global information table content
| Logical channel number | Channel frequency | Channel congestion level | Channel transmission energy efficiency |
| 01 | 446MHz | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| … | … | … | |
| 48 | 470MHz | 0.1 | 0.3 |
In an alternative embodiment, the number of the channel demodulators is 8, and the LoRa gateway generates the channel busy tone information according to the occupation condition of the current one or more channel demodulators, including:
The LoRa gateway generates channel busy tone information according to the occupation condition of the current 8 channel demodulators, wherein the channel busy tone information is represented by an 8-bit character string corresponding to the channel demodulators.
In the embodiment of the application, different characters are adopted to express different logic channel numbers, and if 48 logic channels exist, 48 characters can be used as the logic channel numbers to express the logic channels. If a logic channel number corresponding to a certain logic channel appears in the 8-bit character string of the generated channel busy tone information, it is indicated that one demodulator of the LoRa gateway is used for demodulating the data packet transmitted by the logic channel.
In an alternative embodiment, the LoRa gateway calculates the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency according to the global channel usage condition and the channel transmission parameters of the network, and the method comprises the following steps:
The LoRa gateway calculates the channel congestion degree according to the number of the data packets detected in each logic channel; calculating channel transmission energy efficiency according to the related information of the data packet received on each logic channel; the related information of the data packet includes, but is not limited to, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), transmission Power (TP), and Spreading Factor (SF).
Optionally, the LoRa gateway calculates the channel congestion level according to the following formula (1):
wherein P (t) represents the channel congestion level of the t-th round; n i,j represents the total number of transmitted packets (including successfully received and unsuccessfully received packets) corresponding to the logical channel (i, j); epsilon represents the scale factor.
Optionally, the LoRa gateway calculates the channel transmission energy efficiency (i.e. the energy utilization efficiency of the channel transmission) according to the following formula (2):
wherein EE (SF, TP) represents channel transmission energy efficiency at a specific Spreading Factor (SF) and Transmission Power (TP); DR (SF) represents a data transmission rate at a specific SF; PDR (TP, SF) represents packet transfer rate under specific TP and SF conditions. DR is calculated by equation (3) and PDR is calculated by equation (4).
Wherein BW represents bandwidth; SF denotes the spreading factor employed for transmission.
PDR＝Ppreamble×Pheader×Payload (4)
Wherein P preamble denotes the packet preamble; p header denotes the packet header portion; p payload denotes the packet transfer rate of the packet payload portion.
In the embodiment of the application, the frame format of the busy tone beacon data packet sent by the LoRa gateway is shown in fig. 3, and the frame format comprises time, beacon period size, channel busy tone information, a channel congestion degree matrix, a channel transmission energy efficiency matrix and a CRC check.
In an alternative embodiment, the LoRa gateway generates a busy tone beacon data packet according to the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion level and the channel transmission energy efficiency, and the method includes:
And the LoRa gateway splices the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency to generate a busy tone beacon data packet.
In the embodiment of the application, the LoRa gateway broadcasts the busy tone beacon data packet in the network periodically to inform each terminal node of the global channel transmission information of the network.
In an optional embodiment, after each terminal node receives the busy tone beacon data packet, analyzing the content of the busy tone beacon data packet, extracting channel busy tone information, channel congestion degree and channel transmission energy efficiency carried in the busy tone beacon data packet, and updating a channel selection matrix according to the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Updating elements in the local channel selection matrix according to the following equation (5):
xi,j＝α·φ（P）+β·φ(EE) (5)
wherein, X i,j∈XCH×SF represents the channel score corresponding to the logical channel (i, j); normalizing the representation value; alpha and beta respectively represent weight factors of channel congestion and channel transmission energy efficiency.
In an alternative embodiment, the terminal node selects a target logical channel from the channel selection matrix according to a preset method, and transmits the data packet carrying the information to the LoRa gateway through the target logical channel, including:
The terminal node determines the channel score of the logic channel according to the channel selection matrix; wherein, the channel score of the logical channel can be obtained by calculation of the above formula (5);
selecting a plurality of logic channels with highest channel scores from all logic channels as alternative logic channels;
Randomly selecting one from the alternative logical channels with the same probability as a target logical channel;
And transmitting the data packet carrying the information to the LoRa gateway through the target logical channel.
For example, 5 logical channels with the highest channel score are selected from all the logical channels as alternative logical channels, and then one of the 5 alternative logical channels is randomly selected with a probability of 0.2, 0.2 and 0.2 for transmitting the data packet.
The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The above description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the scope of the disclosure referred to in the present application is not limited to the specific combinations of technical features described above, but also covers other technical features formed by any combination of the technical features described above or their equivalents without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. Such as the above-mentioned features and the technical features disclosed in the present application (but not limited to) having similar functions are replaced with each other.
Claims (6)
1. An energy efficient LoRa MAC protocol based on busy tone beacons, the protocol comprising:
the LoRa gateway generates channel busy tone information according to the occupation condition of one or more current channel demodulators;
the LoRa gateway calculates the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency according to the network global channel use condition and the channel transmission parameters;
The LoRa gateway generates a busy tone beacon data packet according to the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency, and broadcasts the busy tone beacon data packet in a network;
The terminal node receives and analyzes the busy tone beacon data packet to obtain the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency; updating a channel selection matrix according to the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency;
The terminal node selects a target logic channel from the channel selection matrix according to a preset method, and transmits a data packet carrying information to the LoRa gateway through the target logic channel;
the LoRa gateway calculates the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency according to the network global channel use condition and the channel transmission parameters, and comprises the following steps:
the LoRa gateway calculates the channel congestion degree according to the quantity of the data packets detected in each logic channel;
Calculating the channel transmission energy efficiency according to the related information of the data packet received on each logic channel; wherein, the related information of the data packet comprises signal-to-noise ratio, transmission power and spread spectrum factor.
2. The energy efficient LoRa MAC protocol based on busy tone beacons of claim 1, wherein said protocol further comprises, prior to said LoRa gateway generating channel busy tone information based on occupancy of the current one or more channel demodulators:
and initializing the LoRa gateway and the terminal node.
3. The energy efficient LoRa MAC protocol based on busy tone beacons of claim 2, wherein said initializing said LoRa gateway and said end node comprises:
the LoRa gateway clears the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency in a global information table;
and the terminal node clears the local channel selection matrix.
4. The energy efficient LoRa MAC protocol based on busy tone beacons of claim 1, wherein the number of channel demodulators is 8, the LoRa gateway generating channel busy tone information based on occupancy of the current one or more channel demodulators, comprising:
and the LoRa gateway generates the channel busy tone information according to the occupation conditions of the current 8 channel demodulators, wherein the channel busy tone information is represented by an 8-bit character string corresponding to the channel demodulators.
5. The energy efficient LoRa MAC protocol based on busy tone beacons of claim 1, wherein said LoRa gateway generates busy tone beacon data packets based on said channel busy tone information, said channel congestion level and said channel transmission energy efficiency, comprising:
And the LoRa gateway splices the channel busy tone information, the channel congestion degree and the channel transmission energy efficiency to generate the busy tone beacon data packet.
6. The energy efficient LoRa MAC protocol based on busy tone beacons of claim 1, wherein said terminal node selects a target logical channel from said channel selection matrix according to a preset method, and transmits a packet carrying information to said LoRa gateway through said target logical channel, comprising:
The terminal node determines the channel score of the logical channel according to the channel selection matrix;
Selecting a plurality of logic channels with highest channel scores from all the logic channels as alternative logic channels;
Randomly selecting one from the alternative logical channels with the same probability as the target logical channel;
and transmitting the data packet carrying the information to the LoRa gateway through the target logical channel.
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