CN117544892A - Acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous change of sound velocity and density - Google Patents
Acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous change of sound velocity and density Download PDFInfo
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- CN117544892A CN117544892A CN202311347164.7A CN202311347164A CN117544892A CN 117544892 A CN117544892 A CN 117544892A CN 202311347164 A CN202311347164 A CN 202311347164A CN 117544892 A CN117544892 A CN 117544892A
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 74
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/44—Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2231/00—Details of apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor covered by H04R31/00, not provided for in its subgroups
- H04R2231/003—Manufacturing aspects of the outer suspension of loudspeaker or microphone diaphragms or of their connecting aspects to said diaphragms
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous change of sound velocity and density, which comprises a gradient matching layer material body; the gradient matching layer material body comprises a gradient matching layer frame and a plurality of filling three-dimensional structure units; a plurality of accommodating spaces are arranged in the gradient matching layer frame, and the accommodating spaces are used for accommodating the filling three-dimensional structure units; the filled three-dimensional structural unit includes a regular rectangular pyramid structure. According to the invention, the uniformly distributed and tightly arranged filled regular square pyramids are arranged in the gradient matching layer frame, so that the characteristic impedance value that the sound velocity and the density of the gradient matching layer synchronously change in the sound propagation direction and the characteristic impedance changes in a parabolic form in an attenuation manner is realized, and the attenuation problem of sound waves in the gradient matching layer material is solved. The gradient matching layer material with the large impedance interval span and the synchronous attenuation of sound velocity and density breaks through the design of the gradient matching layer material with the small impedance interval span, and further reduces the energy loss caused by impedance mismatch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underwater acoustic transducers, in particular to an acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous change of sound velocity and density, and in particular relates to an acoustic impedance gradient matching layer material based on synchronous change of sound velocity and density.
Background
With the continuous development of underwater acoustic signal processing technology in a sonar system and the increasing depth of ocean development, high-frequency sonar is an important component of marine acoustic detection technology equipment, and plays roles of 'eyes' and 'ears' in the detection equipment, wherein the underwater acoustic detection technology is a main means for underwater marine environment observation and target detection, and the basic contents of the underwater acoustic detection technology include acoustic chromatography technology, acoustic imaging technology, high-resolution acoustic multi-beam sounding technology, multifunctional submarine stratum profile acoustic detection technology and the like. The high-frequency sonar is not separated from the environment observation, target imaging, mapping of topography and topography, detection of stratum section and the like, so that the high-frequency sonar is more and more paid attention.
The high-frequency sonar often needs broadband work, on one hand, the performance of the whole sonar system can be improved, and because the high-frequency sonar can carry more information to carry out underwater detection and identification; on the other hand, the method has remarkable advantages in the aspect of signal transmission, such as waveform distortion reduction, reliability and confidentiality improvement, system resolution improvement, error rate reduction and the like, and can be widely applied to detection and discovery of underwater unmanned aircrafts, forward looking obstacle avoidance in sailing, underwater warning, underwater short-range anchor mines, underwater bottom mines, image recognition and the like. The broadband nature of high frequency transducers is one of the currently important directions of investigation.
In high frequency transducers, the piezoelectric material is both a transduction material and a radiation material, and a major difficulty in achieving a high efficiency broadband transducer is that the impedance mismatch between the piezoelectric material (around 35 MRayls) and water (1.5 MRayls) reduces the transmission efficiency of the transducer in water. The traditional single-layer or double-layer uniform matching layer can not realize high-efficiency and ultra-bandwidth emission of the transducer in water due to failure in realizing impedance transition. While the gradient matching layer material with gradually changing acoustic impedance can compensate for these disadvantages to a large extent. Meanwhile, most colleges and universities in China have more traditional single-matching layer and double-matching layer transducers, and the research on acoustic impedance gradient matching layer materials is still in the theoretical calculation stage. There is a strong need for developing materials for acoustic impedance gradient matching layers.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous change of sound velocity and density.
According to the acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous change of sound velocity and density, the acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure comprises a gradient matching layer material body;
the gradient matching layer material body comprises a gradient matching layer frame and a plurality of filling three-dimensional structure units; a plurality of accommodating spaces are arranged in the gradient matching layer frame, and the accommodating spaces are used for accommodating the filling three-dimensional structure units;
the characteristic impedance value Z of the gradient matching layer material body meets the following formula:
Z＝ρc
wherein ρ is the density of the gradient matching layer material body, c is the sound velocity of the gradient matching layer material body;
the acoustic impedance gradient matching layer material realizes the change of an impedance value Z by synchronously attenuating the change of sound velocity c and density rho in the sound propagation direction.
Preferably, the accommodating space is a regular rectangular pyramid space; the plurality of accommodation spaces are uniformly and closely arranged; the closely arranged base sides of adjacent regular rectangular pyramid spaces are in contact.
Preferably, the filled three-dimensional structural unit includes a regular rectangular pyramid; the regular rectangular pyramids are arranged in the gradient matching layer frame and have consistent arrangement directions, and the vertex surfaces of all the regular rectangular pyramids point to the sound wave propagation direction.
Preferably, the gradient matching layer frame is entirely rectangular in structure.
Preferably, the gradient matching layer frame is made by casting a waterproof sound-transmitting material.
Preferably, the characteristic impedance value function Z (x) of the gradient matching layer material body satisfies the following formula:
Z 2 ＝ρ 2 c 2
Z 1 ＝ρ 1 c 1
wherein Z is 2 Characteristic impedance values of the gradient matching layer frame;
c 2 and ρ 2 Sound velocity and density of the gradient matching layer frame respectively;
wherein Z is 1 Is the characteristic impedance value of a regular rectangular pyramid;
c 1 and ρ 1 Sound velocity and density of regular rectangular pyramid respectively;
d is the thickness of the gradient matching layer material body;
f is the frequency of the sound wave penetrating the gradient matching layer material body;
the x direction is the direction of sound propagation;
alpha is the attenuation coefficient.
Preferably, the characteristic impedance value of the regular rectangular pyramid is Z 1 =11.0 MRayls, corresponding sound velocity c 1 =4060 m/s, corresponding density ρ 1 ＝2700kg/m 3 。
Preferably, the gradient matching layer frame has a characteristic impedance value Z 2 =1.5 MRayls, corresponding sound velocity c 2 =1500 m/s, corresponding density ρ 1 ＝1000kg/m 3 。
Preferably, the high impedance end characteristic impedance value of the gradient matching layer material body is 11.0Mrayls;
the characteristic impedance value of the low impedance end of the gradient matching layer material body is 1.5Mrayls;
the bulk thickness of the gradient matching layer material was d=25.7mm and the acoustic frequency was 100kHz.
Preferably, the regular rectangular pyramid and the gradient matching layer frame are bonded together through a digital display hydraulic press.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the uniformly distributed and tightly arranged filled regular square pyramids are arranged in the gradient matching layer frame, so that the characteristic impedance value that the sound velocity and the density of the gradient matching layer synchronously change in the sound propagation direction and the characteristic impedance changes in a parabolic form in an attenuation manner is realized, and the attenuation problem of sound waves in the gradient matching layer material is solved.
2. The gradient matching layer frame is formed by casting the waterproof sound-transmitting layer, so that energy attenuation of sound waves in the gradient matching layer material is reduced, and maximum sound transmission is realized.
3. The gradient matching layer material with the large impedance interval span and the synchronous attenuation of sound velocity and density breaks through the design of the gradient matching layer material with the small impedance interval span, and further reduces the energy loss caused by impedance mismatch.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a filled three-dimensional structural unit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the characteristic impedance graph of the present invention;
the figure shows:
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous change of sound velocity and density, which is shown in figures 1-2 and comprises a gradient matching layer material body 1; the gradient matching layer material body 1 comprises a gradient matching layer frame 2 and a plurality of filling three-dimensional structural units; a plurality of accommodating spaces are arranged in the gradient matching layer frame 2, and the accommodating spaces are used for accommodating the filling three-dimensional structural units; the characteristic impedance value Z of the gradient matching layer material body 1 meets the following formula:
Z＝ρc
wherein ρ is the density of the gradient matching layer material body 1, c is the sound velocity of the gradient matching layer material body 1;
the acoustic impedance gradient matching layer material realizes the change of impedance value Z by synchronously attenuating and changing sound velocity c and density rho in the sound propagation direction.
In a preferred embodiment, the gradient matching layer frame 2 is of a rectangular structure as a whole, and the accommodating space is a regular rectangular pyramid space; the plurality of accommodation spaces are uniformly and closely arranged; the closely arranged base sides of adjacent regular rectangular pyramid spaces are in contact. The filling three-dimensional structure unit comprises a regular rectangular pyramid 3; the regular rectangular pyramids 3 are closely arranged inside the gradient matching layer frame 2, and the whole regular rectangular pyramid-shaped space is filled with the filled regular rectangular pyramids 3. At the same time, the arrangement directions of all the regular rectangular pyramids 3 are consistent, and the vertex surfaces of all the regular rectangular pyramids 3 point to the propagation direction of the sound wave. The gradient matching layer frame 2 and the filling regular square pyramid 3 synchronously change in sound propagation direction in sound velocity c and density ρ. The characteristic impedance of the gradient matching layer material body 1 changes in a parabolic manner in the sound propagation direction (i.e., the direction from the base to the apex of a regular rectangular pyramid).
In a preferred embodiment, the gradient matching layer frame 2 is made by casting of a waterproof acoustically transparent material. Preferably, the gradient matching layer frame 2 is made of polyurethane material for a waterproof sound-transmitting layer. The regular rectangular pyramid 3 is formed by a mass ratio of 3;1 with an epoxy resin.
Preferably, the function Z (x) of the characteristic impedance value of the gradient matching layer material body 1 satisfies the following formula:
Z 2 ＝ρ 2 c 2
Z 1 ＝ρ 1 c 1
wherein Z is 2 For the characteristic impedance value of the gradient matching layer frame 2, i.e. the characteristic impedance value of the apex face of the filled regular square pyramid, i.e. the low impedance end characteristic impedance of the gradient matching layer material body 1Resistance value;
c 2 and ρ 2 The sound velocity and density of the gradient matching layer frame 2;
wherein Z is 1 The characteristic impedance value is the characteristic impedance value of the regular square pyramid 3, namely the characteristic impedance value of the bottom surface of the square filled with the regular square pyramid, namely the characteristic impedance value of the high impedance end of the gradient matching layer material body 1;
c 1 and ρ 1 Sound velocity and density of the regular rectangular pyramid 3, respectively;
d is the thickness of the gradient matching layer material body 1;
f is the frequency of the sound wave penetrating the gradient matching layer material body 1;
the x direction is the sound propagation direction, namely the direction from the square bottom surface of the regular rectangular pyramid 3 to the vertex surface of the regular rectangular pyramid 3;
alpha is the attenuation coefficient.
The characteristic impedance value function Z (x) of the gradient matching layer material body 1 is as followsParabolic form attenuation changes in the direction of sound propagation.
In a preferred embodiment, the characteristic impedance value of the regular rectangular pyramid 3 is Z 1 =11.0 MRayls, corresponding sound velocity c 1 =4060 m/s, corresponding density ρ 1 ＝2700kg/m 3 . The characteristic impedance value of the gradient matching layer frame 2 is Z 2 =1.5 MRayls, corresponding sound velocity c 2 =1500 m/s, corresponding density ρ 1 ＝1000kg/m 3 . The characteristic impedance value of the high impedance end of the gradient matching layer material body 1 is 11.0Mrayls; the characteristic impedance value of the low impedance end of the gradient matching layer material body 1 is 1.5Mrayls; the gradient matching layer material body 1 had a thickness d=25.7mm and an acoustic frequency of 100kHz.
In a preferred example in which the three-dimensional structural unit is a regular rectangular pyramid 3, the side length of the bottom surface of the regular rectangular pyramid 3 is much smaller than the wavelength of the frequency point; the side length of the bottom surface of the regular rectangular pyramid 3 is 3mm
The regular rectangular pyramid 3 and the gradient matching layer frame 2 are bonded together through a digital display control hydraulic press.
The characteristic impedance value interval of the acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous change of sound velocity and density is 1.5MRayls-11.0MRayls, and the characteristic impedance value of the gradient matching layer material realizes parabolic change.
The invention solves the problem of the matching layer structural design mode of the broadband underwater acoustic transducer which is not disclosed by the underwater acoustic transducer in the prior art.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the systems, apparatus, and their respective modules provided herein may be implemented entirely by logic programming of method steps such that the systems, apparatus, and their respective modules are implemented as logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers, etc., in addition to the systems, apparatus, and their respective modules being implemented as pure computer readable program code. Therefore, the system, the apparatus, and the respective modules thereof provided by the present invention may be regarded as one hardware component, and the modules included therein for implementing various programs may also be regarded as structures within the hardware component; modules for implementing various functions may also be regarded as being either software programs for implementing the methods or structures within hardware components.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the invention. The embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. An acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous change of sound velocity and density is characterized by comprising a gradient matching layer material body (1);
the gradient matching layer material body (1) comprises a gradient matching layer frame (2) and a plurality of filling three-dimensional structural units; a plurality of accommodating spaces are arranged in the gradient matching layer frame (2) and are used for accommodating the filling three-dimensional structure units;
the characteristic impedance value Z of the gradient matching layer material body (1) meets the following formula:
Z＝ρc
wherein ρ is the density of the gradient matching layer material body (1), c is the sound velocity of the gradient matching layer material body (1);
the acoustic impedance gradient matching layer material realizes the change of an impedance value Z by synchronously attenuating the change of sound velocity c and density rho in the sound propagation direction.
2. The acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous variation of sound velocity and density according to claim 1, wherein the accommodation space is a regular rectangular pyramid space; the plurality of accommodation spaces are uniformly and closely arranged; the closely arranged base sides of adjacent regular rectangular pyramid spaces are in contact.
3. Acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous variation of sound velocity and density according to claim 2, characterized in that the filled three-dimensional structural units comprise regular rectangular pyramids (3); the regular rectangular pyramids (3) are arranged inside the gradient matching layer frame (2) and have consistent arrangement directions, and the vertex surfaces of all the regular rectangular pyramids (3) point to the sound wave propagation direction.
4. Acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous variation of sound velocity and density according to claim 1, characterized in that the gradient matching layer frame (2) is of rectangular structure as a whole.
5. Acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous variation of sound velocity and density according to claim 1, characterized in that the gradient matching layer frame (2) is made by casting of a water-proof sound-transmitting material.
6. Acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous variation of sound velocity and density according to claim 1, characterized in that the characteristic impedance value function Z (x) of the gradient matching layer material body (1) satisfies the following formula:
Z 2 ＝ρ 2 c 2
Z 1 ＝ρ 1 c 1
wherein Z is 2 Is the characteristic impedance value of the gradient matching layer frame (2);
c 2 and ρ 2 The sound velocity and the density of the gradient matching layer frame (2) are respectively;
wherein Z is 1 Is the characteristic impedance value of the regular rectangular pyramid (3);
c 1 and ρ 1 Sound velocity and density of the regular rectangular pyramid (3) respectively;
d is the thickness of the gradient matching layer material body (1);
f is the frequency of the sound wave penetrating the gradient matching layer material body (1);
the x direction is the direction of sound propagation;
alpha is the attenuation coefficient.
7. Acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous variation of sound velocity and density according to claim 1, characterized in that the characteristic impedance value of the regular rectangular pyramid (3) is Z 1 =11.0 MRayls, corresponding sound velocity c 1 =4060 m/s, corresponding density ρ 1 ＝2700kg/m 3 。
8. Acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous variation of sound velocity and density according to claim 7, characterized in that the characteristic impedance value of the gradient matching layer frame (2) is Z 2 =1.5 MRayls, corresponding sound velocity c 2 =1500 m/s, corresponding density ρ 1 ＝1000kg/m 3 。
9. Acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous variation of sound velocity and density according to claim 8, characterized in that the high impedance end characteristic impedance value of the gradient matching layer material body (1) is also 11.0Mrayls;
the characteristic impedance value of the low impedance end of the gradient matching layer material body (1) is 1.5Mrayls;
the thickness of the gradient matching layer material body (1) is d=25.7mm, and the sound wave frequency is 100kHz.
10. Acoustic impedance gradient matching layer structure based on synchronous variation of sound velocity and density according to claim 1, characterized in that the regular rectangular pyramid (3) and the gradient matching layer frame (2) are bonded together by a digital display hydraulic press.
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