CN117538843A - Phased array radar and wave position arrangement method thereof - Google Patents

Phased array radar and wave position arrangement method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117538843A
CN117538843A CN202311592901.XA CN202311592901A CN117538843A CN 117538843 A CN117538843 A CN 117538843A CN 202311592901 A CN202311592901 A CN 202311592901A CN 117538843 A CN117538843 A CN 117538843A
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Prior art keywords
radar
pulse
time
echo
sampling time
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车驰
杨洁
王雨
张臣勇
王帅
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Chengdu Nalei Technology Co ltd
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Chengdu Nalei Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202311592901.XA priority Critical patent/CN117538843A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
    • G01S7/411—Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/933—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of aircraft or spacecraft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a phased array radar and a wave position arrangement method thereof, wherein the arrangement method comprises the steps of calculating waveform modulation time; calculating a first echo sampling time according to the maximum demand ranging of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and further calculating a pulse duration time T P The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating the maximum demand ranging of the vehicle according to the radar equation, the radar scattering cross section of the vehicle and the waveform modulation time, and further calculating the second echo sampling time; according to the pulse duration T P And calculating the number of radar wave bits in a single accumulation period at the second echo sampling time; transmitting in each detection direction in turn a time duration T P In a cycle until the set pulse accumulation number N is completed A The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Extracting N of each detection direction A Pulse signals N for each detection direction A Pulse signal processingPulse accumulation and signal processing. The invention not only enables each detection direction to reach the maximum pulse accumulation gain, but also avoids the problem of distance measurement blurring of distant targets.

Description

Phased array radar and wave position arrangement method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wave position scanning, and particularly relates to a phased array radar and a wave position arranging method thereof.
Background
In the field of low-altitude anti-unmanned aerial vehicle radar, a two-dimensional phased array radar is widely applied because inertialess beam scanning can be realized. In conventional transmit waveforms and wave position arrangements, it is common to use a short period pulse to be transmitted for one direction followed by a long period pulse, where the long period pulse is used to resolve the distance ambiguity. Because unmanned aerial vehicle's reflection intensity is very little, compare unmanned aerial vehicle, the reflection intensity of vehicle can be much greater. When the radar can realize unmanned plane detection within 5km, the detection range of the vehicle can reach more than 20 km.
As shown in fig. 1, when the unmanned aerial vehicle is detected using the short-period pulse, the echo signal of the vehicle is also received, but the short-period pulse cannot accurately calculate the distance of the distant target, and a distance ambiguity (i.e., calculating the distance of the vehicle at 20km as the target at 4 km) occurs, so that it is necessary to transmit a long-period pulse to accurately calculate the distance of the distant target, which is called resolving the distance ambiguity. Echo signals received at different receiving times represent targets at different distances, the later the receiving time or the longer the receiving time, the longer the distance of the targets, the corresponding calculation formula is t=2r/c, wherein t is the echo sampling time, R is the maximum required ranging of the targets, and c is the light speed. In fig. 1, during the reception time of the short pulse 2, if a signal is transmitted from the short pulse period 1 to the drone, the drone reflects to generate an echo signal, and the radar cannot receive the echo signal. It can be seen that the longer the time is the representative distance, the longer the target distance, the longer the time interval is, and the reflected signal intensity of the unmanned aerial vehicle is low, so that the echo signal generated by the unmanned aerial vehicle cannot be received by the radar. However, the reflected signal intensity of the vehicle is high, and the signal emitted by the short-period pulse 1 can be received within the receiving time of the short-period pulse 2 after being reflected by the vehicle, and at this time, it cannot be determined whether the echo signal is generated by the irradiation of the target by the signal emitted by the short-period pulse 1 or the short-period pulse 2. Therefore, a distance blur is generated, and the distance of the target cannot be accurately calculated, so that it is necessary to transmit a long period pulse to solve the distance blur.
However, transmitting one short period pulse and one long period pulse in the same direction causes a problem of resource waste. And in the radar signal processing link, signals are transmitted for a plurality of times in the same direction, and the transmitted signals are accumulated to improve the strength of the target echo signals. However, the short period pulse and the long period pulse cannot be accumulated mutually due to different modulation time, and only the short period pulse and the short period pulse can be accumulated, and the long period pulse are accumulated, so that a certain resource waste is caused. In a fixed detection period, the time allocated to the short period pulse and the time allocated to the long period pulse are fixed, representing that the number of accumulated pulses is fixed, and thus the accumulated gain is fixed, because the long and short pulses cannot be accumulated with each other, and the maximum accumulated gain in a fixed time (the maximum accumulated gain, that is, the gain in which only the short period pulse is transmitted in a fixed time) is not reached. At the same time, transmitting only short pulses causes distance ambiguity of distant targets, resulting in contradiction between maximum accumulation gain and distance ambiguity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a phased array radar and a wave position arrangement method thereof, which are used for solving the problem that the maximum accumulation gain cannot be achieved when long and short pulses are adopted to solve the distance ambiguity in the traditional method, and the problem that the target distance cannot be accurately calculated when only short-period pulses are transmitted to have the distance ambiguity.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical scheme: a phased array radar wave position arrangement method, comprising the steps of:
calculating waveform modulation time according to a radar equation, a radar cross section of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the maximum demand ranging;
calculating a first echo sampling time according to the maximum demand ranging of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and further calculating a pulse duration time T P The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The first echo sampling time refers to sampling time required by the radar to receive echo signals reflected at the maximum required ranging position of the unmanned aerial vehicle;
calculating the maximum required ranging of the vehicle according to the radar equation, the radar scattering cross section of the vehicle and the waveform modulation time, and further calculating the second echo sampling time; the second echo sampling time refers to the sampling time required by the radar to receive the echo signal reflected at the maximum required ranging position of the vehicle;
according to the pulse duration T P Calculating the number of radar wave bits in a single accumulation period according to the second echo sampling time;
emitting a signal of duration T in each detection direction in turn P In a cycle until the set pulse accumulation number N is completed A The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the number of detection directions is equal to the number of radar wave bits in a single accumulation period;
extracting N in each detection direction A Pulse signals for N in each detection direction A Pulse accumulation and signal processing are performed on each pulse signal.
Further, the specific calculation formula of the waveform modulation time is as follows:
wherein,ranging for maximum demand of unmanned aerial vehicle, RCS U Is the radar cross section of the unmanned aerial vehicle, T M For waveform modulation time, P t For radar transmitting power, G t For transmitting antenna gain, G r For receiving antenna gain, λ is the transmit signal wavelength, k is Boltzmann constantNumber, T 0 B is the receiver bandwidth, L is the system loss, F is the receiver noise figure, +.>Is the minimum detectable signal to noise ratio.
Further, the specific calculation formula of the first echo sampling time is as follows:
wherein T is SU For the first echo sample time,ranging the maximum demand of the unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein c is the light speed;
the pulse duration is: t (T) P ＝T M +T SU Wherein T is M For waveform modulation time, T P For the pulse duration.
Further, a specific calculation formula of the maximum demand ranging of the vehicle is as follows:
wherein,ranging for maximum demand of vehicle, RCS C For radar cross-section of vehicle, T M For waveform modulation time, P t For radar transmitting power, G t For transmitting antenna gain, G r For receiving antenna gain, λ is the transmit signal wavelength, k is the boltzmann constant, T 0 B is the receiver bandwidth, L is the system loss, F is the receiver noise figure, +.>Is the smallest detectableSignal to noise ratio of measurement;
the specific calculation formula of the second echo sampling time is as follows:
wherein T is SC For the second echo sample time, c is the speed of light.
Further, the number of radar wave bits in the single accumulation period is:
N W ＝ceil[T SC /T P ]；
wherein N is W T is the number of radar wave bits in a single accumulation period SC For the second echo sampling time, T P For pulse duration, ceil []As a round-up function.
Based on the same conception, the invention provides a phased array radar, which adopts the phased array radar wave position arrangement method to carry out wave position arrangement.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
from the angle of wave position arrangement, the invention utilizes the radar equation to accurately calculate how to carry out wave position arrangement under the given maximum demand ranging index, not only can make each detection direction reach the maximum pulse accumulation gain, avoid the problem of signal resource waste, but also can avoid the problem of ranging ambiguity of distant targets.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawing in the description below is only one embodiment of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a transmission waveform of a short period pulse and a long period pulse in the background of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a phased array radar wave position arrangement method in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of a newly programmed transmit waveform in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made more apparent and fully by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is shown, however, only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The technical scheme of the present application is described in detail below with specific examples. The following embodiments may be combined with each other, and some embodiments may not be repeated for the same or similar concepts or processes.
In the prior art, a short period pulse is transmitted towards a detection direction, and then a long period pulse is transmitted in the detection direction to solve the distance ambiguity, so that the cycle is repeated for a plurality of times, and the detection accumulation for a plurality of times is completed; after the detection is completed in one detection direction, the detection direction is switched to the other detection direction. The processing mode can not achieve the maximization of accumulation gain in fixed time because the short-period pulse and the long-period pulse can not be accumulated mutually, and signal resources are wasted. When only short-period pulses are transmitted, after the short-period pulses are transmitted in one detection direction, the same short-period pulse is still transmitted in the detection direction, and it is not possible to determine whether the echo signal received after the second short-period pulse is generated by the first short-period pulse or the second short-period pulse, so that the target distance cannot be accurately calculated. Thereby causing the maximum accumulation gain to contradict the solution distance ambiguity.
In order to obtain the maximum pulse accumulation gain in the same detection direction, only the same pulse signal can be transmitted in the same detection direction. In order to avoid distance ambiguity, the method for arranging the wave positions of the phased array radar provided by the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, comprises the following steps:
step 1: calculating waveform modulation time according to a radar equation, a radar cross section of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the maximum demand ranging;
step 2: calculating a first echo sampling time according to the maximum demand ranging of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and further calculating a pulse duration time T P ；
Step 3: calculating the maximum required ranging of the vehicle according to the radar equation, the radar scattering cross section of the vehicle and the waveform modulation time, and further calculating the second echo sampling time;
step 4: according to pulse duration T P Calculating the number of radar wave bits in a single accumulation period according to the second echo sampling time;
step 5: emitting a signal of duration T in each detection direction in turn P In a cycle until the set pulse accumulation number N is completed A The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the number of detection directions is equal to the number of radar wave bits in a single accumulation period;
step 6: extracting N in each detection direction A Pulse signals for N in each detection direction A Pulse accumulation and signal processing are carried out on the pulse signals;
step 7: and switching to the initial detection direction, and repeating the steps 5 and 6 until the detection task is completed.
In the step 1, a specific calculation formula of the waveform modulation time is as follows:
wherein,ranging for maximum demand of unmanned aerial vehicle, RCS U Is the radar cross section of the unmanned aerial vehicle, T M For waveform modulation time, P t For radar transmitting power, G t For transmitting antenna gain, G r For receiving antenna gain, λ is the transmit signal wavelength, k is the boltzmann constant, T 0 Is the system temperature, B is the junctionReceiver bandwidth, L is system loss, F is receiver noise figure, < >>Is the minimum detectable signal to noise ratio.
Radar cross section RCS of unmanned aerial vehicle U The method can be obtained by inquiring data; maximum demand ranging of unmanned aerial vehicleFor the development of indicators for phased array radar products, for example, a radar product is designed which can be monitored for unmanned aerial vehicles at a distance of 10km, then +.>
In the step 2, the first echo sampling time refers to the sampling time required for the radar to receive the echo signal reflected at the maximum required ranging position of the unmanned aerial vehicle, i.e. the maximum required ranging position of the unmanned aerial vehicleThe time required for the reflected echo signal to travel to the radar. The specific calculation formula of the first echo sampling time is as follows:
wherein T is SU For the first echo sample time,distance measurement is the maximum demand of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and c is the light speed.
The pulse duration T can be calculated from the waveform modulation time and the first echo sampling time P ：
T P ＝T M +T SU (3)
Radar cross section RCS for inquiring data to obtain vehicle C In the case of known waveform modulation time, according to the radar sideThe process can calculate the maximum required ranging and the second echo sampling time of the vehicle:
wherein,distance measuring for maximum demand of vehicle, T SC Is the second echo sample time. The second echo sampling time refers to the maximum required range of the radar receiving vehicle>Sampling time required for echo signal reflected at, i.e. maximum required distance measurement of vehicle +.>The time required for the reflected echo signal to travel to the radar.
In the step 4, the number of radar wave bits in a single accumulation period is:
N W ＝ceil[T SC /T P ] (6)
wherein N is W T is the number of radar wave bits in a single accumulation period SC For the second echo sampling time, T P For pulse duration, ceil []As a round-up function.
As shown in fig. 3, the specific operation procedure of the above step 5 is: for adjacent N W A plurality of detection directions, each of which is transmitted for a duration T P In a cycle until the set pulse accumulation number N is completed A . I.e. in a first detection direction for a duration T P Then switching the detection direction, and transmitting in the second detection directionA duration of T P And so on, until in the Nth W Transmitting in each detection direction for a duration T P Is a pulse signal of (2); then switching to the first detection direction, and transmitting in the first detection direction for a duration T P Then switching the detection direction, and transmitting a pulse signal of duration T in the second detection direction P And so on, until in the Nth W Transmitting in each detection direction for a duration T P Is provided. In this way, the loop is cycled until N is completed in each detection direction A The transmission of pulse signals, i.e. for a duration T in each detection direction in turn P Pulse signal repetition operation N of (2) A And twice.
Since the duration of the pulse signal transmitted in each detection direction is T P I.e. only the same pulse signal is transmitted, so that all pulse signals transmitted in each detection direction can be accumulated with each other; the time consumed by alternately transmitting the pulse signals in different detection directions is equal to the time consumed by transmitting all pulse signals in the same detection direction and then transmitting all pulse signals in the next detection direction, so that no waste is generated in the overall time, and the detection efficiency is ensured. Therefore, the maximization of pulse accumulation gain is realized in the same time, and the waste of pulse signal resources is avoided.
Number of radar wave bits N in single accumulation period W Based on pulse duration T P And radar cross section RCS of a vehicle C The radar cross section of the vehicle is the largest moving target on the land, namely the echo sampling time corresponding to the vehicle is the longest, the longest echo sampling time is determined, and targets with shorter echo sampling time are contained in the longest echo sampling time, so that the influence of other objects is not needed to be considered independently.
The invention changes the transmitting direction of the pulse signal (i.e. transmits the pulse signal in the next detecting direction) after transmitting the pulse signal in one detecting direction because of the transmission of two adjacent pulse signalsThe direction of emission is different, so that the echo signal generated by the pulse signal emitted in the current detection direction cannot be received by the next detection direction. Based on this, as long as the maximum required ranging of the vehicle is calculated from the radar cross section and pulse duration of the vehicle, then the echo sampling time T of the vehicle is calculated according to formula (5) SC The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the So long as it is ensured that after transmitting the pulse signal in a certain detection direction, at time interval T SC And then transmitting pulse signals in the detection direction, so that echo signals generated by two adjacent pulse signals in the same detection direction can be distinguished, namely, which pulse signal is generated by the received echo signals is determined.
The invention uses radar equation to accurately calculate the echo sampling time of the vehicle from the wave position arrangement point of view, thereby determining the radar wave position quantity, and uses different detection directions to alternately transmit the same pulse signal to replace the traditional long-short pulse transmission mode, thereby not only enabling each detection direction to reach the maximum pulse accumulation gain, avoiding the problem of signal resource waste, but also avoiding the problem of distance measurement ambiguity of distant targets.
The foregoing disclosure is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that changes and modifications are possible within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A phased array radar wave position arrangement method, characterized in that the arrangement method comprises the following steps:
calculating waveform modulation time according to a radar equation, a radar cross section of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the maximum demand ranging;
calculating a first echo sampling time according to the maximum demand ranging of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and further calculating a pulse duration time T P The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The first echo sampling time refers to sampling time required by the radar to receive echo signals reflected at the maximum required ranging position of the unmanned aerial vehicle;
calculating the maximum required ranging of the vehicle according to the radar equation, the radar scattering cross section of the vehicle and the waveform modulation time, and further calculating the second echo sampling time; the second echo sampling time refers to the sampling time required by the radar to receive the echo signal reflected at the maximum required ranging position of the vehicle;
according to the pulse duration T P Calculating the number of radar wave bits in a single accumulation period according to the second echo sampling time;
emitting a signal of duration T in each detection direction in turn P In a cycle until the set pulse accumulation number N is completed A The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the number of detection directions is equal to the number of radar wave bits in a single accumulation period;
extracting N in each detection direction A Pulse signals for N in each detection direction A Pulse accumulation and signal processing are performed on each pulse signal.
2. The method for arranging wave positions of the phased array radar according to claim 1, wherein the specific calculation formula of the waveform modulation time is:
wherein,ranging for maximum demand of unmanned aerial vehicle, RCS U Is the radar cross section of the unmanned aerial vehicle, T M For waveform modulation time, P t For radar transmitting power, G t For transmitting antenna gain, G r For receiving antenna gain, λ is the transmit signal wavelength, k is the boltzmann constant, T 0 B is the receiver bandwidth, L is the system loss, F is the receiver noise figure, +.>Is the minimum detectable signal to noise ratio.
3. The phased array radar wave position arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein the specific calculation formula of the first echo sampling time is:
wherein T is SU For the first echo sample time,ranging the maximum demand of the unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein c is the light speed;
the pulse duration is: t (T) P ＝T M +T SU Wherein T is M For waveform modulation time, T P For the pulse duration.
4. The phased array radar wave position arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein the specific calculation formula of the maximum demand ranging of the vehicle is:
wherein,ranging for maximum demand of vehicle, RCS C For radar cross-section of vehicle, T M For waveform modulation time, P t For radar transmitting power, G t For transmitting antenna gain, G r For receiving antenna gain, λ is the transmit signal wavelength, k is the boltzmann constant, T 0 B is the receiver bandwidth, L is the system loss, F is the receiver noise figure, +.>Is the minimum detectable signal to noise ratio;
the specific calculation formula of the second echo sampling time is as follows:
wherein T is SC For the second echo sample time, c is the speed of light.
5. The phased array radar wave position arrangement method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the number of radar wave positions in the single accumulation period is:
N W ＝ceil[T SC /T P ]；
wherein N is W T is the number of radar wave bits in a single accumulation period SC For the second echo sampling time, T P For pulse duration, ceil []As a round-up function.
6. A phased array radar, characterized in that it performs wave position arrangement using the phased array radar wave position arrangement method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
CN202311592901.XA 2023-11-27 2023-11-27 Phased array radar and wave position arrangement method thereof Pending CN117538843A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN117538843A true CN117538843A (en) 2024-02-09

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