CN117537974A - Axial force monitoring device based on anchorage device and axial force calibration method thereof - Google Patents
Axial force monitoring device based on anchorage device and axial force calibration method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 101100327917 Caenorhabditis elegans chup-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 81
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000418 atomic force spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
- G01L5/173—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using acoustic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/04—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by vibrating string
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L25/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring force, torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a shaft power monitoring devices and shaft power calibration method based on ground tackle, this shaft power monitoring devices includes the anchor cup, the stock, the clamping piece, and deformation measurement sensor, including axial deformation measurement sensor and radial deformation measurement sensor, axial deformation measurement sensor sets up in the side roof of anchor cup, radial deformation measurement sensor sets up in the top of anchor cup, when the stock produces the axial force, the anchor cup produces the extrusion to lower tray, the tray produces the reaction force to the anchor cup, so that the anchor cup produces axial strain, the clamping piece extrudes the anchor cup, so that the anchor cup produces radial deformation, radial deformation measurement sensor acquires radial deformation's numerical value, axial deformation measurement sensor acquires axial deformation's numerical value, so as to calculate the axial force of stock. According to the axial force monitoring device based on the anchorage device and the axial force calibration method thereof, the axial force monitoring device based on the anchorage device and the anchorage rod can be calibrated according to the axial force algorithms of different anchorage devices and the anchorage rod, so that the axial force of the anchorage rod during construction can be accurately monitored.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of anchors, in particular to an axial force monitoring device based on an anchor and an axial force calibration method thereof.
Background
With the development of urban underground space, the anchor rod is widely applied to the support field of underground engineering and tunnel engineering, and the occurrence of the anchor rod reduces the support cost and the occurrence of safety accidents. Therefore, in tunnel engineering construction, in order to solve the stress condition and the health state of the anchor rod, the axial force of the anchor rod is often used as an important monitoring index, and the states of surrounding rock and support at each construction stage can be further monitored by monitoring the axial force of the anchor rod, so that the construction safety is ensured, and the method has very important safety significance.
However, since the anchor rod belongs to a concealed structure, the axial force measurement is very difficult, and the conventional anchor rod axial force measurement method is high in cost and easy to damage through pressure type sensing and fiber bragg grating type sensing measurement, the defects of the conventional anchor rod axial force measurement method are mainly represented by the following points:
(1) The traditional monitoring technology mainly relies on manual monitoring, the fault rate of monitoring equipment is high, long-period monitoring is difficult to carry out, and the monitoring efficiency is low;
(2) The traditional method for monitoring the axial force of the anchor rod depends on a strain gauge and a fiber bragg grating, has poor automation degree, higher environmental requirements, extremely easy damage, unstable measurement result and higher cost;
(3) The existing monitoring device has short endurance time and cannot meet the requirement of long-time monitoring in the tunnel construction process.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a new technique to remedy the above-mentioned drawbacks and solve the above-mentioned technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a shaft force monitoring devices based on ground tackle and shaft force calibration method thereof, it can carry out numerical calibration to it according to the shaft force algorithm of different ground tackle and stock to make things convenient for the accurate monitoring of the shaft force of stock during the construction.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an anchorage-based axial force monitoring device, including:
the anchor cup is axially provided with a top end and a bottom end which are opposite;
the anchor rod penetrates through the top end and the bottom end and is inserted into the anchor cup;
the clamping piece is arranged on the side wall of the anchor rod and can move along with the anchor rod to abut against the inner wall of the anchor cup;
the tray is arranged at the bottom end of the anchor cup to prop against the anchor cup;
the deformation measuring sensor comprises an axial deformation measuring sensor and a radial deformation measuring sensor, wherein the axial deformation measuring sensor is arranged on the side top wall of the anchor cup, the radial deformation measuring sensor is arranged on the top of the anchor cup, when the anchor rod generates axial force, the clamping piece extrudes the anchor cup so that the anchor cup generates radial deformation, the anchor cup extrudes the tray so that the anchor cup generates axial deformation, the radial deformation measuring sensor obtains the radial deformation value, and the axial deformation measuring sensor obtains the axial deformation value so as to calculate the axial force of the anchor rod.
In one possible implementation, the top of the anchor cup is provided with a groove in the circumferential direction, and the radial deformation measuring sensor is disposed opposite to the groove.
In one possible implementation, three grooves are provided along the circumference of the top of the anchor cup, and one radial deformation measuring sensor is correspondingly provided on the outer circumference side of each groove.
In one possible implementation, the arc of each adjacent groove is 120 degrees.
In one possible implementation, the axial deformation measuring sensors are uniformly arranged in three along the circumferential direction of the anchor cup, and the three axial deformation measuring sensors are arranged at intervals from the three radial deformation measuring sensors.
In one possible implementation, a first inclined surface is arranged on the side, in contact with the anchor cup, of the clamping piece, and a second inclined surface in contact with and matched with the first inclined surface is arranged on the inner side wall of the anchor cup.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a method for calibrating an axial force of an axial force monitoring device based on an anchor, where the method for calibrating an axial force when an anchor rod generates an axial force includes:
acquiring radial deformation of the anchor cup through a radial deformation measuring sensor;
acquiring the axial deformation of the anchor cup through an axial deformation measuring sensor;
determining the actual axial force of the anchor rod according to the radial deformation and the axial deformation;
performing finite element analysis on the anchor cup, the anchor rod and the clamping piece to determine the simulation axial force of the anchor rod;
and calibrating the standard axial force of the axial force monitoring device according to the actual axial force and the simulated axial force.
In one possible implementation, determining the actual axial force of the anchor rod according to the radial deformation amount and the axial deformation amount specifically includes:
the actual axial force expression of the anchor rod is:
wherein E is the elastic modulus of the anchor cup, A is the cross-sectional area of the anchor cup, deltaL is the axial deformation amount of the anchor cup, and L is the length of the anchor cup.
In one possible implementation, finite element analysis is performed on the anchor cup, the anchor rod and the clamping piece to determine the simulated axial force of the anchor rod, and the method specifically includes:
determining the simulated radial stress of the anchor cup, wherein the expression of the simulated radial stress is as follows:
according to the simulated radial stress, determining the simulated axial stress of the anchor rod so as to determine the simulated axial force of the anchor rod;
wherein E is the elastic modulus of the anchor cup, u is the gap between the anchor cup and the anchor rod under no axial force, and r a For the outer diameter of the anchor cup under axial force, r c Is the inner diameter of the anchor cup under axial force.
In one possible implementation, calibrating the standard axial force of the axial force monitoring device according to the actual axial force and the simulated axial force specifically includes:
comparing the actual axial force with the simulated axial force, and determining the calibrated axial force of the axial force monitoring device according to the comparison result;
the method comprises the steps of determining actual axial stress of an anchor rod under different radial deformation amounts according to an actual axial force expression of the anchor rod, determining analog axial stress of the anchor rod under different radial deformation amounts according to an expression of analog radial stress, determining analog axial force of the anchor rod, and determining calibration axial force of an axial force monitoring device according to the actual axial force and the analog axial force.
The embodiment of the application provides a shaft power monitoring devices based on ground tackle, has following beneficial effect:
(1) Based on the ultrasonic sensor, according to the relation between the stress and deformation of the anchor cup, the axial force of the anchor rod is further calculated through the strain generated by the radial deformation and the axial deformation of the anchor cup, and meanwhile, a plurality of statics indexes are monitored, so that the monitoring precision is improved, the testing concept of the traditional method is broken through, the testing of the axial force of the anchor rod is simple and easy, and the testing cost is reduced;
(2) The sensor and the anchorage device are integrated, and the sensor is installed at the same time of installing the anchor rod, so that the working procedures and materials are saved;
(3) The ultrasonic device with ultra-long endurance time is adopted to monitor the axial force of the anchor rod in multiple directions, so that the long-term monitoring requirement of the axial force of the anchor rod can be met.
In addition, the embodiment of the application further provides the axial force calibration method based on the axial force monitoring device based on the anchorage device, and the axial force monitoring device based on the anchorage device is adopted, so that all technical effects of the axial force monitoring device based on the anchorage device are achieved, and the axial force value of the axial force monitoring device can be calibrated through the axial force calibration method, so that the monitoring precision is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief description will be given below of the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. In addition, in the drawings, like parts are designated with like reference numerals and the drawings are not drawn to actual scale.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an axial force monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of an axial force monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an axial force monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 shows a force profile of an axial force monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of an axial force calibration method of an anchorage-based axial force monitoring device provided by the present application;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for calibrating an axial force of an axial force monitoring device for an anchor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 illustrates a force profile of a clip and anchor cup provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 shows a force profile of a clip and anchor provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. an anchor cup;
2. a clamping piece;
3. a bolt;
4. a radial deformation measurement sensor;
5. an axial deformation measuring sensor;
6. a groove;
7. and a tray.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present application based on the embodiments herein.
Because the anchor rod belongs to a concealed structure, the axial force measurement is very difficult, and the traditional anchor rod axial force measurement method is high in cost and easy to damage through pressure type sensing and fiber bragg grating type sensing measurement, and the defects of the anchor rod are mainly shown in the following points:
(1) The traditional monitoring technology mainly relies on manual monitoring, the fault rate of monitoring equipment is high, long-period monitoring is difficult to carry out, and the monitoring efficiency is low;
(2) The traditional method for monitoring the axial force of the anchor rod depends on a strain gauge and a fiber bragg grating, has poor automation degree, higher environmental requirements, extremely easy damage, unstable measurement result and higher cost;
(3) The existing monitoring device has short endurance time and cannot meet the requirement of long-time monitoring in the tunnel construction process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the application provides an axial force monitoring device based on an anchor and an axial force calibration method thereof, which can calibrate the axial force of different anchors and anchor rods according to an axial force algorithm of the anchor rods, so as to facilitate accurate monitoring of the axial force of the anchor rods 3 during construction.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present application provides an axial force monitoring device based on an anchor, including an anchor cup 1, an anchor rod 3, a clamping piece 2, a tray 7 and a deformation measuring sensor, wherein the anchor cup 1 is provided with a top end and a bottom end which are opposite along an axial direction, and the anchor cup 1 is provided with a containing cavity in the middle; the anchor rod 3 penetrates through the top end and the bottom end of the anchor cup 1 and is inserted into the accommodating cavity of the anchor cup 1; the clamping piece 2 is arranged on the side wall of the anchor rod 3 and is positioned in a gap between the anchor cup 1 and the anchor rod 3, and the clamping piece 2 can move along with the anchor rod 3 to abut against the inner wall of the anchor cup 1; the tray 7 is arranged at the bottom end of the anchor cup 3 to prop against the anchor cup 3; the deformation measuring sensor comprises an axial deformation measuring sensor 5 and a radial deformation measuring sensor 4, the axial deformation measuring sensor 5 is arranged at the top end of the side wall of the anchor cup 1, the radial deformation measuring sensor 4 is arranged on the top end face of the anchor cup 1, when the anchor rod 3 generates axial force, the clamping piece 2 moves upwards or downwards to squeeze the anchor cup 1 so as to enable the anchor cup 1 to generate radial deformation, the anchor cup 1 and the tray 7 are mutually squeezed so as to enable the anchor cup 1 to generate axial deformation, the radial deformation measuring sensor 4 obtains a radial deformation value, and the axial deformation measuring sensor 5 obtains an axial deformation value so as to calculate the axial force of the anchor rod 3.
In this embodiment, the deformation measuring sensor includes an axial deformation measuring sensor 5 and a radial deformation measuring sensor 4, where the axial deformation measuring sensor 5 and the radial deformation measuring sensor 4 are both ultrasonic sensors, and the ultrasonic sensors are responsible for monitoring deformation of the anchor cup 1, and when the axial force of the anchor rod 3 increases, the following amount of the clamping piece 2 should also increase, and the clamping piece 2 and the anchor cup 1 deform radially inwards and outwards respectively; simultaneously, the axial direction of the anchor cup 1 generates compression deformation; and calculating the axial force of the anchor rod 3 according to the three deformation parameters, determining theoretical parameters according to the result of numerical simulation, and performing numerical calibration on the theoretical parameters.
The working principle of the axial force monitoring device based on the anchorage device provided by the embodiment of the application is as follows, please refer to fig. 4, and axial and radial deformation Δl of the anchor cup is measured according to the radial deformation measuring sensor 4 and the axial deformation measuring sensor 5, and the principle is as follows: the ultrasonic sensor transmits ultrasonic pulse electric signals to the groove, and the sound waves are reflected at the groove and received by the ultrasonic sensor, so that the sound waves are prevented from being infinitely transmitted in the device. The ultrasonic sensor transmits and receives ultrasonic pulse electric signals, and measures and calculates a time difference between the transmitted and echo electric signals. The anchor cup 1 is self-containedIn the state of being, the time difference between the transmitted and received electric signals is T 0 The time difference between the transmitting and receiving of the electric signal of the anchor cup 1 in the compressed state with the clamping piece 3 is T 1 From this, according to the relation between the time difference of receiving and transmitting the electric signal and the deformation amount of the anchor cup 1, the deformation amount of the anchor cup 1 is obtained:
where v is the propagation velocity of the mechanical longitudinal wave within the anchor cup.
In an alternative example, the top of the anchor cup 1 is provided with a groove 6, and the radial deformation measuring sensor 4 is arranged in the groove 6; three grooves 6 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the top of the anchor cup 1, and each groove 6 is correspondingly provided with a radial deformation measuring sensor 4; the arc of each adjacent groove 6 is 120 degrees.
In an alternative example, three axial measuring sensors are provided along the circumference of the side top wall of the anchor cup 1, and the three axial measuring sensors are provided at intervals from the three radial measuring sensors described above.
In the embodiment, the axial force monitoring device takes a prestressed anchor rod 3 as a carrier, three grooves 6 are formed in the inner wall of an anchor cup 1 at an angle of 120 degrees based on the measurement mode of an ultrasonic displacement sensor, and a radial deformation measuring sensor 4 is arranged at the position of the outer wall of the anchor cup 1 opposite to the grooves 6; the axial deformation measuring sensor 5 is arranged at the top of the outer wall of the anchor cup 1, three clamping pieces 2 are arranged between two groove positions at 120 degrees, the clamping pieces enter the anchor cup 1, and the clamping pieces gradually retract along with the increase of the axial force of the anchor rod 3.
In the embodiment, when the anchor rod 3 is installed, two sensors are installed, the clamping piece 2 gradually retracts along with the increase of the axial force of the anchor rod 3, compression deformation is generated at the bottom of the anchor cup 1, and the axial deformation measuring sensor 5 monitors the axial compression amount generated by the anchor cup 1; when the clamping piece 2 retracts, the clamping piece 2 extrudes the inner wall of the anchor cup 1, the inner wall of the anchor cup 1 produces expansion force, the inner wall of the anchor cup 1 produces inward extrusion force to the clamping piece 2, so that the inner wall of the anchor cup 1 produces expansion displacement, and sound waves emitted by the radial deformation measuring sensor 4 are reflected at the groove 6 of the inner wall of the anchor cup 1, so that the expansion displacement produced by the inner wall of the anchor cup 1 is measured.
In an alternative example, the side of the clamping piece 2 contacted with the anchor cup 1 is provided with a first inclined surface, the inner side wall of the anchor cup 1 is provided with a second inclined surface matched with the first inclined surface in a contact manner, and by the arrangement, the clamping piece 2 can be matched and extruded with the anchor cup 1.
The embodiment of the application provides a shaft power monitoring devices based on ground tackle, has following beneficial effect:
(1) Based on the ultrasonic sensor, according to the relation between the stress and deformation of the anchor cup, the axial force of the anchor rod is further calculated through the strain generated by the radial deformation and the axial deformation of the anchor cup, and meanwhile, a plurality of statics indexes are monitored, so that the monitoring precision is improved, the testing concept of the traditional method is broken through, the testing of the axial force of the anchor rod is simple and easy, and the testing cost is reduced;
(2) The sensor and the anchorage device are integrated, and the sensor is installed at the same time of installing the anchor rod, so that the working procedures and materials are saved;
(3) The ultrasonic device with ultra-long endurance time is adopted to monitor the axial force of the anchor rod 3 in multiple directions, so that the long-term monitoring requirement of the axial force of the anchor rod can be met.
In addition, referring to fig. 5, and referring to fig. 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for calibrating an axial force of an axial force monitoring device based on an anchor, where when an axial force is generated by an anchor rod 3, the method for calibrating the axial force includes:
s1: acquiring radial deformation of the anchor cup 1 through a radial deformation measuring sensor 4;
s2: acquiring the axial deformation of the anchor cup 1 through an axial deformation measuring sensor 5;
s3: determining the actual axial force of the anchor rod 3 according to the radial deformation and the axial deformation;
s4: finite element analysis is carried out on the anchor cup 1, the anchor rod 3 and the clamping piece 2, and the simulation axial force of the anchor rod 3 is determined;
s5: and calibrating the standard axial force of the axial force monitoring device according to the actual axial force and the simulated axial force.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 5, when installing the anchor rod 3, two sensors are installed, and as the axial force of the anchor rod 3 increases, the clamping piece 2 gradually retracts, compression deformation is generated at the bottom of the anchor cup 1, and the axial deformation measuring sensor 5 monitors the axial compression amount generated by the anchor cup 1; when the clamping piece 2 retracts, the clamping piece 2 extrudes the inner wall of the anchor cup 1, the inner wall of the anchor cup 1 produces expansion force, the inner wall of the anchor cup 1 produces inward extrusion force to the clamping piece 2, so that the inner wall of the anchor cup 1 produces expansion displacement, and sound waves emitted by the radial deformation measuring sensor 4 are reflected at the groove 6 of the inner wall of the anchor cup 1, so that the expansion displacement produced by the inner wall of the anchor cup 1 is measured.
Furthermore, the laboratory numerical calibration method based on the axial force monitoring device carries out mechanical analysis according to the sizes of the anchor rod 3 and the anchorage device, and carries out numerical simulation by using Abaqus software to obtain the expansion quantity of the inner wall of the anchor cup 1 and the distribution of the axial force of the anchor rod 3; stress distribution of the anchor cup 1 under different deformation amounts obtained through theoretical analysis is compared with a numerical simulation result, so that laboratory calibration is carried out, and the anchor cup is finally put into field use of tunnel construction.
In an alternative example, determining the actual axial force of the anchor rod 3 according to the radial deformation and the axial deformation specifically includes:
the actual axial force expression of the anchor rod 3 is:
wherein E is the elastic modulus of the anchor cup 1, A is the cross-sectional area of the anchor cup 1, deltaL is the axial deformation amount of the anchor cup 1, and L is the length of the anchor cup 1.
Specifically, the prestress anchor rod 3 is taken as a carrier, the propagation time of sound waves is in direct proportion to the radial stress of the anchor cup 1, so that the axial force of the anchor rod 3 is estimated through the radial deformation and the axial deformation of the anchor cup 1, the real-time monitoring of the axial force of the anchor rod 3 is achieved, the deformation of the anchor cup 1 is shown in fig. 3, the anchor cup 1 retracts along with the increase of the axial force of the anchor rod 3, the anchor cup 1 extrudes the lower tray 7, and the tray 7 generates a reaction force on the anchor cup 1, so that the lower part of the anchor cup is compressed. For the axial deformation measuring sensor 5, the axial compression displacement of the anchor cup 1 is measured to be delta L respectively 1 、ΔL 2 、ΔL 3 The whole length of the anchor cup 1 is L, and the strains are respectively:
the elastic modulus of the anchor cup 1 is E (determined by the anchor cup material), and the stress sigma is calculated by sigma=Eepsilon respectively 1 、σ 2 、σ 3 . The cross-sectional area of the anchor rod 3 is A, and the calculated axial force is:
F N1 ＝σ 1 A、
F N2 ＝σ 2 A、
F N3 ＝σ 3 A。
based on the above expression, the axial force average value is:
the variance of the calculated stress is:
comparing variancesIs the size of (a) to select the smallest variance V min The corresponding axial force is the axial force of the anchor rod 3 measured under the axial compression of the anchor cup.
In an alternative example, finite element analysis is performed on the anchor cup 1, the anchor rod 3 and the clamping piece 2 to determine the simulated axial force of the anchor rod 3, and specifically includes:
determining the simulated radial stress of the anchor cup 1, wherein the expression of the simulated radial stress is as follows:
determining the simulated axial stress of the anchor rod 3 according to the simulated radial stress so as to determine the simulated axial force of the anchor rod 3;
wherein E is the elastic modulus of the anchor cup 1, u is the gap between the anchor cup 1 and the anchor rod 3 under no axial force, and r a For the outer diameter, r, of the anchor cup 1 under axial force c Is the inner diameter of the anchor cup 1 under axial force.
For the above expression, in particular, for any section in the anchorage of the anchorage device, since there is an initial taper angle Δθ between the anchor cup 1 and the clip 2, i.e. there is a certain gap u, when the clip 2 enters the anchor cup 1, the clip 2 is pressed against each other, the outer surface of the clip 2 is deformed u radially inwards i Pressing force p against anchor cup 1 i The anchor cup 1 will deform radially outwards o Pressing force p against clip 2 o P herein i And p is as follows o Equal in size and opposite in direction. Since the elastic moduli of the anchor rod 3, the clamping piece 2 and the anchor cup 1 are similar, the elastic moduli of the anchor rod 3, the clamping piece 2 and the anchor cup 1 are all E, the influence of the cone bevel angle and the gap between the multi-petal clamping piece 2 is ignored, the anchor rod 3 and the clamping piece 2 are regarded as a cylinder with the outer surface uniformly distributed with load, the anchor cup 1 is regarded as a cylinder with the inner surface uniformly distributed with load, and a mechanical model can be established according to the thick-wall cylinder theory in elastic mechanics, as shown in fig. 6 and 7:
wherein the gap u before extrusion is u i And u is equal to o The sum, namely:
u＝u i +u o (1)
for the simplified clamping piece and anchor cup model, the radial displacement expression is as follows:
for anchor cup 1, its radial displacement expression is:
the radial stress expression between the clamping piece 2 and the anchor cup 1 can be obtained by combining the formulas (1), (2) and (3) as follows:
for a cylinder with uniformly distributed load on the surface, the expression of radial stress and lateral stress is sigma r ＝p，σ θ P, independent of the position of radius r, radial stress σ on the surface of the anchor rod 3 N ＝p
In an alternative example, calibrating the standard axial force of the axial force monitoring device according to the actual axial force and the simulated axial force specifically includes:
s5-1: comparing the actual axial force with the simulated axial force, and determining the calibrated axial force of the axial force monitoring device according to the comparison result;
the method comprises the steps of determining actual axial stress of an anchor rod 1 under different radial deformation amounts according to an actual axial force expression of the anchor rod 3 to determine the actual axial force of the anchor rod 3, determining simulated axial stress of the anchor rod 3 under different radial deformation amounts according to an expression of the simulated radial stress to determine simulated axial force of the anchor rod 3, and determining the calibrated axial force of the axial force monitoring device according to the actual axial force and the simulated axial force.
In particular, since the taper angles of the clip 2 and the anchor cup 1 are not very different, i.e. the clearance is not very large, then u of any section is considered as a function of the linear increase of L along the axial effective anchoring zone, with a maximum of u (max), and a minimum of 0. As same asReason, r a Also has the rule of linear increase along L, and the maximum is r a (max) at least r a (min), i.e. under a u, each corresponds to a r a Is a numerical value of (2). The radial stress of the surface of the anchor rod 3 under the expansion amounts of the inner wall of the anchor cup 1 can be obtained by the formula, the data is compared with the data obtained by numerical simulation software such as Abaqus, and the corresponding expansion amounts under different axial forces can be determined, so that the monitoring device is calibrated.
According to the axial force calibration method provided by the embodiment of the application, the axial force monitoring device based on the anchorage device is adopted, so that all the technical effects of the axial force monitoring device based on the anchorage device are achieved, and the axial force value of the axial force detection device can be simulated and calibrated through the axial force calibration method, so that the monitoring precision is improved.
It should be noted that references in the specification to "one embodiment," "an example embodiment," "some embodiments," etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
It should be readily understood that the terms "on … …", "above … …" and "above … …" in this disclosure should be interpreted in the broadest sense such that "on … …" means not only "directly on something", but also includes "on something" with intermediate features or layers therebetween, and "above … …" or "above … …" includes not only the meaning "on something" or "above" but also the meaning "above something" or "above" without intermediate features or layers therebetween (i.e., directly on something).
Further, spatially relative terms, such as "below," "beneath," "above," "over," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. The device may have other orientations (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An anchorage-based axial force monitoring device, comprising:
the anchor cup is axially provided with a top end and a bottom end which are opposite;
the anchor rod penetrates through the top end and the bottom end and is inserted into the anchor cup;
the clamping piece is arranged on the side wall of the anchor rod and can move along with the anchor rod to abut against the inner wall of the anchor cup;
the tray is arranged at the bottom end of the anchor cup to prop against the anchor cup;
the deformation measuring sensor comprises an axial deformation measuring sensor and a radial deformation measuring sensor, wherein the axial deformation measuring sensor is arranged on the side top wall of the anchor cup, the radial deformation measuring sensor is arranged on the top of the anchor cup, when the anchor rod generates axial force, the clamping piece extrudes the anchor cup so that the anchor cup generates radial deformation, the anchor cup extrudes the tray so that the anchor cup generates axial deformation, the radial deformation measuring sensor obtains the value of the radial deformation, and the axial deformation measuring sensor obtains the value of the axial deformation so as to calculate the axial force of the anchor rod.
2. The anchorage-based axial force monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the top of the anchor cup is circumferentially grooved, and the radial deformation measuring sensor is disposed opposite the groove.
3. The axial force monitoring device based on an anchor device according to claim 2, wherein three grooves are formed along the circumferential direction of the top of the anchor cup, and each groove is provided with one radial deformation measuring sensor on the outer circumferential side.
4. An anchorage-based axial force monitoring device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the arc of each adjacent groove is 120 degrees.
5. The axial force monitoring device based on an anchor according to claim 4, wherein three axial deformation measuring sensors are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the anchor cup, and the three axial deformation measuring sensors are arranged at intervals from the three radial deformation measuring sensors.
6. The device of claim 5, wherein a first inclined surface is disposed on a side of the clip contacting the anchor cup, and a second inclined surface is disposed on an inner side wall of the anchor cup in contact with and matched with the first inclined surface.
7. A method of calibrating an axial force of an anchorage-based axial force monitoring device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the axial force calibration method comprises, when the anchor rod generates an axial force:
acquiring radial deformation of the anchor cup through the radial deformation measuring sensor;
acquiring the axial deformation of the anchor cup through the axial deformation measuring sensor;
determining the actual axial force of the anchor rod according to the radial deformation and the axial deformation;
finite element analysis is carried out on the anchor cup, the anchor rod and the clamping piece, and the simulation axial force of the anchor rod is determined;
and calibrating the standard axial force of the axial force monitoring device according to the actual axial force and the simulated axial force.
8. The method for calibrating an axial force according to claim 7, wherein the determining the actual axial force of the anchor rod according to the radial deformation amount and the axial deformation amount specifically comprises:
the actual axial force expression of the anchor rod is as follows:
wherein E is the elastic modulus of the anchor cup, A is the cross-sectional area of the anchor cup, deltaL is the axial deformation amount of the anchor cup, and L is the length of the anchor cup.
9. The method for calibrating axial force according to claim 8, wherein the finite element analysis is performed on the anchor cup, the anchor rod and the clamping piece to determine the simulated axial force of the anchor rod, and specifically comprises:
determining the simulated radial stress of the anchor cup, wherein the expression of the simulated radial stress is as follows:
determining the simulated axial stress of the anchor rod according to the simulated radial stress so as to determine the simulated axial force of the anchor rod;
wherein E is the elastic modulus of the anchor cup, u is the gap between the anchor cup and the anchor rod under no axial force, and r a For the outer diameter of the anchor cup under axial force, r c Is the inner diameter of the anchor cup under axial force.
10. The method for calibrating an axial force according to claim 9, wherein the calibrating the standard axial force of the axial force monitoring device according to the actual axial force and the simulated axial force specifically comprises:
comparing the actual axial force with the simulated axial force, and determining the calibrated axial force of the axial force monitoring device according to the comparison result;
the method comprises the steps of determining actual axial stress of an anchor rod under different radial deformation amounts according to an actual axial force expression of the anchor rod so as to determine the actual axial force of the anchor rod, determining simulated radial stress of the anchor rod under different radial deformation amounts according to the expression of the simulated radial stress so as to determine simulated axial force of the anchor rod, and determining the calibrated axial force of the axial force monitoring device according to the actual axial force and the simulated axial force.
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| CN202311402277.2A CN117537974A (en) | 2023-10-26 | 2023-10-26 | Axial force monitoring device based on anchorage device and axial force calibration method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117949304A (en) * | 2024-03-26 | 2024-04-30 | 河海大学 | Test device and method for simulating deep constant-resistance anchor rod drawing |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117949304A (en) * | 2024-03-26 | 2024-04-30 | 河海大学 | Test device and method for simulating deep constant-resistance anchor rod drawing |
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