CN117535071A - Electric desalting method and device for inferior crude oil - Google Patents
Electric desalting method and device for inferior crude oil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117535071A CN117535071A CN202311555554.3A CN202311555554A CN117535071A CN 117535071 A CN117535071 A CN 117535071A CN 202311555554 A CN202311555554 A CN 202311555554A CN 117535071 A CN117535071 A CN 117535071A
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- water
- desalting
- tank
- crude oil
- electric desalting
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- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002569 water oil cream Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009296 electrodeionization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019476 oil-water mixture Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G33/00—Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G33/02—Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils with electrical or magnetic means
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
An electric desalting method for poor crude oil features that an electric desalting tank is used to desalt the poor crude oil, and the water is injected into the emulsified oil-water layer in said electric desalting tank. The invention meets the requirements of processing inferior crude oil in the existing refinery and solves the problem of low electric desalting efficiency in the process of processing inferior crude oil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crude oil treatment equipment, in particular to an electric desalting method and device for inferior crude oil.
Background
Electric desalting is the first treatment process of atmospheric and vacuum distillation in refineries, and is widely applied especially in treating high-quality or light crude oil, and more mature electric desalting technologies such as alternating current desalting, alternating current and direct current desalting, high-speed electric desalting and the like are developed. However, along with the aggravation of the crude oil inferior trend, the proportion of processing inferior/heavy crude oil in a refinery is larger and larger, and the current electric desalting technology has the problems of low desalting and dewatering efficiency, substandard salt content of the crude oil after dewatering, large current in the running process of an electric desalting device, easy impact and the like when aiming at the desalting and dewatering application of the heavy/inferior crude oil.
Poor crude oil enters a refinery to increase the desalting and dewatering difficulties, mainly because the poor crude oil with high specific gravity, high viscosity, high salt content and high acid value is easy to emulsify in an electric desalting tank body, and stable oil-water emulsion which is difficult to demulsify is generated at an oil-water interface. In the running process of the electric desalting equipment, the running current of the electric desalting equipment is higher due to the existence of emulsion, and once an emulsion layer is formed, the conditions of current rapid rise, short circuit, alarm, equipment tripping and the like can occur in a short time, and the conditions of difficult power transmission or high-voltage electric field short circuit and the like can occur in serious cases, so that the stable running of the electric desalting equipment is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electric desalting method and device for inferior crude oil, which are suitable for the requirements of processing the inferior crude oil in the prior refinery and solve the problem of low electric desalting efficiency in the process of processing the inferior crude oil.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following specific scheme: an electric desalting method for poor crude oil is characterized by that an electric desalting tank is used to desalt poor crude oil, and the oil-water emulsified layer in said electric desalting tank is filled with water.
Preferably, the water discharged from the electric desalting tank is subjected to oil-water separation and desalting in sequence, and then is injected into the oil-water emulsion layer in the electric desalting tank.
Preferably, the water discharged from the electrodeionization tank is desalted to a salt content of less than 300. Mu.g/g.
Preferably, a demulsifier is added to the electrodeionization tank.
Preferably, the demulsifier is added in an amount of 5-10 mug/g.
Preferably, the amount of water injected into the oil-water emulsion layer in the electric desalting tank is 6-9% of the mass of the crude oil.
An electric desalting device for crude oil comprises an electric desalting tank, wherein an anti-demulsification distributor is arranged in the electric desalting tank and is used for injecting water into an oil-water emulsion layer in the electric desalting tank.
Preferably, the anti-demulsification distributor comprises a plurality of spray heads, and the spray heads are connected with a water source through a water distribution pipe.
Preferably, the anti-demulsification distributor is provided with a tubular frame structure and comprises a water inlet pipe and a plurality of water injection pipes, the water injection pipes are uniformly distributed at intervals along the transverse direction of the electric desalting tank, water injection holes are formed in any water injection pipe at intervals, the water inlet pipe penetrates through the electric desalting tank to be distributed, the part of the water inlet pipe, which is positioned in the electric desalting tank, is communicated with all the water injection pipes, and the end part of the water inlet pipe, which is positioned outside the electric desalting tank, is connected with a water source.
Preferably, the water injection distribution holes are distributed towards the non-electric field direction in the electrodeionization tank.
Preferably, a water outlet pipe at the bottom of the electric desalting tank is sequentially connected with an oil-water separation tank and a desalting tank, and a water outlet of the desalting tank is connected with an anti-demulsification distributor.
Advantageous effects
Aiming at the phenomenon that the current electric desalting technology is easy to emulsify in an electric desalting tank when processing inferior crude oil, the invention provides a method for breaking the stable state of emulsion in the electric desalting tank by injecting water into the emulsion layer area in the electric desalting tank, so that emulsion is demulsified in the electric desalting tank, and the desalting efficiency of crude oil is improved.
When the refinery processes heavy and inferior crude oil, the existing electric desalting main equipment can be reserved, and the technical requirements for processing the heavy and inferior crude oil can be met only by modifying the existing electric desalting device. The oil-water emulsification state can be broken through water injection in a non-electric field area in the electric desalting tank, so that the reagglomeration of polar components which are easy to cause crude oil emulsification in crude oil at the bottom of an electrode in the sedimentation process can be weakened, the formation of emulsion and the turbulent flow of easily conductive substances at the bottom of the electrode in the bottom area can be reduced, and the current in the operation process of the electric desalting device can be reduced.
In addition, the oil-water separation tank is arranged at the rear part of the electric desalting device, so that the electric desalting drainage can be separated, and meanwhile, the electric desalting drainage can be reinjected into the electric desalting tank for breaking oil-water emulsion, so that the recycling of the electric desalting drainage is realized. On the basis, compared with the prior modification, the method can reduce the salt content of the crude oil after the removal by more than 20 percent, reduce the running current of the electric desalting device and reduce the energy consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an electrical desalting method of inferior crude oil of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an electrical desalination device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the anti-demulsification distributor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the water injection demulsification of the present invention;
the marks in the figure: 1. the electric desalting tank, 2, the transformer, 3, the crude oil feeding distributor, 4, the anti-demulsification distributor, 5, the water outlet pipe, 6, the electric field region, 7, the oil phase, 8, the oil-water emulsion layer, 9, the water phase, 10, the crude oil collector, 11, the oil outlet pipe, 12, the water inlet pipe, 13, the water injection pipe, 14 and the supporting pipe.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 2, an electric desalting device of the present invention comprises an electric desalting tank 1, wherein the upper part in the electric desalting tank 1 is an oil phase 7, and an electric field region 6 is entirely designed in the oil phase 7; the lower part of the electrodeionization tank 1 is an aqueous phase 9, and the crude oil feed distributor 3 is disposed in the aqueous phase 9. An oil-water emulsion layer 8 is arranged between the oil phase 7 and the water phase 9. In the process of processing heavy crude oil, the oil-water emulsion layer 8 contains a large amount of water, the conductivity is relatively high, when the emulsion layer is thickened, the current in the operation of the electric desalting device is increased sharply, and when the current is severe, the short circuit between high-voltage electrode plates is caused, and the transformer 2 trips. In the actual operation process, when the operation current of the electric desalting equipment is smaller and the desalting effect is better, the oil-water emulsion layer 8 is basically not arranged in the electric desalting tank 1, and the oil-water interface is clear; when the running current of the electric desalting equipment is large and the desalting effect is poor, the thickening of the oil-water emulsion layer 8 is often accompanied, and the phenomena of unclear oil-water interface and the like are accompanied; this also fully shows that the current running in the electric desalting device is actually a "conductive loop" formed between the oil-water emulsion layer 8 and the high-voltage electrode plate, so that emulsion breaking treatment is required for emulsion in the oil-water mixture layer to prevent accumulation of oil-water emulsion. The brine separated in the electric desalting tank 1 is discharged from the water outlet pipe 5, and the desalted and dehydrated crude oil enters the crude oil collector 10 and is sent to the next processing unit from the oil outlet pipe 11.
According to the invention, the water injection into the oil-water emulsion layer is realized by arranging the demulsification distributor 4 in the non-electric field area in the electric desalting tank 1, so that the oil-water emulsion state of emulsion in the oil-water mixture layer is broken. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the anti-demulsification distributor 4 has a frame structure and comprises a water inlet pipe 12 and four water injection pipes 13. All the water injection pipes 13 are uniformly distributed at intervals along the transverse direction of the electric desalting tank and fixedly supported by two supporting pipes 14, and water injection holes which are distributed downwards are arranged on any water injection pipe 13 at intervals. The water inlet pipe 12 penetrates through the electric desalting tank, the part of the water inlet pipe 12 positioned in the electric desalting tank is communicated with all water injection pipes 13, and the end part of the water inlet pipe 12 positioned outside the electric desalting tank is connected with a water source, so that water injection is sprayed into an oil-water emulsion layer in a non-electric field area through water injection holes. In other embodiments, a spray head may be used to directly spray water as the anti-demulsification distributor 4 to achieve a similar technical effect.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the electric desalting wastewater is separated from oil by providing an oil-water separation tank at the rear of the electric desalting device. The electric desalting drain water with lower oil content discharged from the lower part of the oil-water separation tank is fed into a desalting tank for desalting treatment, and desalted water with salt content less than 300 mug/g is fed back into the electric desalting tank 1 through an inverse demulsification distributor 4. By arranging the oil-water separation tank and the desalting tank, on one hand, the recycling of the electric desalting drain water can be realized, and on the other hand, the oil-water separation of the electric desalting drain water is realized, and the electric desalting dirty oil is recovered.
Based on the electric desalting device, the electric desalting process method for inferior crude oil comprises the following steps: crude oil enters the electric desalting tank 1 through the crude oil feeding distributor 3, firstly enters the water phase 9, is washed by the water phase, rises to pass through the oil-water mixture layer, then enters the electric field region 6, and the desalted and dehydrated crude oil is discharged from the upper part of the electric desalting device. During the process, the demulsification distributor 4 is used for injecting water into the oil-water emulsifying layer 9 in the electric desalting tank, so as to accelerate demulsification of the emulsion in the non-electric field area. The demulsification principle is as follows: as shown in fig. 4, the oil-water emulsion is a mixture of water and oil in similar proportion, and the water is difficult to accumulate and grow due to the small particle size. By injecting a large amount of water, contact between the small water drops and the injected large amount of water (large water drops) can be promoted, so that the small water drops are changed into the large water drops, aggregation of the small water drops is realized, and demulsification of the oil-water emulsion is realized. Because the oil is insoluble in water, large water droplets will be absorbed when surrounding the oil-water mixture, while small water droplets will not be absorbed.
The drainage of the electric desalting tank 1 firstly enters an oil-water separation tank for oil-water separation, water with low oil content after oil-water separation enters a desalting tank for desalting treatment, and desalted water discharged from the desalting tank is circulated back into the electric desalting tank 11 through the anti-demulsification distributor 4 and is injected into a non-electric field area for recycling.
Based on the above electric desalting device and method, the technical effects of the present invention are described below by two examples:
example 1
Selecting a material with a density of 0.9335g/cm 3 The crude oil with the salt content of 300mg NaCl/L is subjected to an electric desalting test. The crude oil, water and demulsifier are mixed and then enter an electric desalting tank 1, the water injection amount accounts for 7% of the mass of the crude oil, and the demulsifier addition amount is 10 mug/g. The operating conditions of the electric desalting device are as follows: the desalting temperature was 150℃and the residence time was 0.5h, and the electric field strength in the electric field region was 1200V/cm. The crude oil electric desalting process is three-stage treatment.
When the anti-demulsification distributor 4, the oil-water separation tank and the desalting tank are not arranged, the salt content of crude oil after the electric desalting three-stage treatment is 5.5mgNaCl/L, and the water content is less than 0.15wt.%. In the operation process of the electric desalting device, the currents of the three-stage electric desalting tanks are respectively 80A, 72A and 50A.
When the reverse demulsification distributor 4 is arranged in each stage of electric desalting tank 1, an oil-water separation tank and a desalting tank are arranged behind the three stages of electric desalting tanks. The water discharged from the electric desalting device enters an oil-water separation tank and desalted water obtained after the treatment of the desalting tank, and is injected back into the electric desalting tank 1 through an anti-demulsification distributor 4. After treatment, the crude oil has a salt content of 2.5mgNaCl/L and a water content of less than 0.25wt.%. In the operation process of the electric desalting device, the currents of the three-stage electric desalting tanks are 55A, 42A and 30A respectively.
Example 2
Selecting a material with a density of 0.8735g/cm 3 The crude oil with 15.3mg NaCl/L salt content is used for carrying out electric desalting test. The crude oil, water and demulsifier are mixed and then enter an electric desalting tank, the water injection amount accounts for 7% of the mass of the crude oil, and the demulsifier addition amount is 5 mug/g. The operating conditions of the electric desalting device are as follows: the desalting temperature was 135℃and the residence time was 0.5h, and the electric field strength in the electric field region was 900V/cm. The crude oil electric desalting process is a two-stage treatment.
When the anti-demulsification distributor 4, the oil-water separation tank and the desalting tank are not arranged, the salt content of the crude oil after the electric desalting secondary treatment is 2.8mgNaCl/L, and the water content is less than 0.15wt.%.
When the reverse demulsification distributor 4 is arranged in each stage of electric desalting tank, an oil-water separation tank and a desalting tank are arranged behind the second stage of electric desalting tank 1. The water discharged from the electric desalting device enters an oil-water separation tank and desalted water obtained after the treatment of the desalting tank, and is injected back into the electric desalting tank 1 through an anti-demulsification distributor 4. After treatment, the crude oil has a salt content of 2.0mgNaCl/L and a water content of less than 0.20wt.%.
In summary, by adopting the crude oil electric desalting device and the process provided by the invention, the salt content of crude oil after desalting can be further reduced, and the current in the operation process of the electric desalting device can be reduced. The electric desalting device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and good effect, and is suitable for long-period operation.
Claims (11)
1. An electric desalting method for inferior crude oil adopts an electric desalting tank (1) to desalt the inferior crude oil, and is characterized in that: in the desalination treatment, water is injected into an oil-water emulsion layer (8) in an electric desalination tank (1).
2. The method for electrically desalting inferior crude oil as in claim 1, wherein: the water discharged from the electric desalting tank (1) is subjected to oil-water separation and desalting in sequence, and then is injected into an oil-water emulsion layer (8) in the electric desalting tank (1).
3. An electrical desalting method for inferior crude oil as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the water discharged from the electric desalting tank (1) is desalted until the salt content is less than 300 mu g/g.
4. The method for electrically desalting inferior crude oil as in claim 1, wherein: demulsifier is added into the electric desalting tank (1).
5. The method for electrically desalting inferior crude oil as in claim 4, wherein: the addition amount of the demulsifier is 5-10 mug/g.
6. The method for electrically desalting inferior crude oil as in claim 1, wherein: the water injection amount of the oil-water emulsion layer (8) in the electric desalting tank (1) is 6-9% of the mass of crude oil.
7. An electric desalting device for crude oil, comprising an electric desalting tank (1), and is characterized in that: an anti-demulsification distributor (4) is arranged in the electric desalting tank (1), and the anti-demulsification distributor (4) is used for injecting water into an oil-water emulsion layer (8) in the electric desalting tank (1).
8. An electrical crude oil desalting apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein: the anti-demulsification distributor (4) comprises a plurality of spray heads which are connected with a water source through water diversion pipes.
9. An electrical crude oil desalting apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein: the anti-demulsification distributor (4) is provided with a tubular frame structure and comprises a water inlet pipe (12) and a plurality of water injection pipes (13), the water injection pipes (13) are uniformly distributed at intervals along the transverse direction of the electric desalting tank (1), water injection holes are formed in any water injection pipe (13) at intervals, the water inlet pipe (12) penetrates through the electric desalting tank (1) to be distributed, the part of the water inlet pipe (12) located in the electric desalting tank (1) is communicated with all the water injection pipes (13), and the end part of the water inlet pipe (12) located outside the electric desalting tank (1) is connected with a water source.
10. An electrical crude oil desalting apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein: the water injection distribution holes are distributed towards the non-electric field direction in the electric desalting tank (1).
11. An electrical crude oil desalting apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein: the water outlet pipe (5) at the bottom of the electric desalting tank (1) is sequentially connected with an oil-water separation tank and a desalting tank, and the water outlet of the desalting tank is connected with an anti-demulsification distributor (4).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311555554.3A CN117535071A (en) | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-21 | Electric desalting method and device for inferior crude oil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311555554.3A CN117535071A (en) | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-21 | Electric desalting method and device for inferior crude oil |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117535071A true CN117535071A (en) | 2024-02-09 |
Family
ID=89793352
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311555554.3A Pending CN117535071A (en) | 2023-11-21 | 2023-11-21 | Electric desalting method and device for inferior crude oil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117535071A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-11-21 CN CN202311555554.3A patent/CN117535071A/en active Pending
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