CN117534874A - Environment-friendly biodegradable plastic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly biodegradable plastic and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117534874A CN117534874A CN202311389946.7A CN202311389946A CN117534874A CN 117534874 A CN117534874 A CN 117534874A CN 202311389946 A CN202311389946 A CN 202311389946A CN 117534874 A CN117534874 A CN 117534874A
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- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920002961 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004631 polybutylene succinate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920006238 degradable plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)O1 VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound CC(O)CC(O)=O WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPMGFDVTYHWBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)CC(O)=O HPMGFDVTYHWBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920008262 Thermoplastic starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003262 carboxylic acid ester group Chemical class [H]C([H])([*:2])OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005014 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000903 polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004628 starch-based polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/10—Esters of organic acids, i.e. acylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K2003/321—Phosphates
- C08K2003/325—Calcium, strontium or barium phosphate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-friendly biodegradable plastic, which comprises modified cellulose, polypropylene, polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, glycerol, bentonite, a plasticizer, a lubricant, nano hydroxyapatite and heat plastified starch; the invention also discloses a preparation method of the environment-friendly biodegradable plastic, which comprises the following steps: step 1: the method comprises the following steps of adding the weighed polypropylene, polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, glycerol, bentonite, nano hydroxyapatite and heat plasticised starch into stirring equipment, uniformly mixing the raw materials through the stirring equipment, and step 2: and conveying the uniformly mixed raw materials to a double-screw extruder through a screw conveyor for melting. According to the invention, the heat property of the degradable plastic is increased by arranging the heat plasticizing starch and the modified cellulose, and the nano hydroxyapatite is more easily eroded and broken during degradation, so that the degradation performance is improved, and the degradation efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of degradable plastics, in particular to an environment-friendly biodegradable plastic and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Biodegradable plastics refer to a class of plastics that are degraded by the action of microorganisms present in nature, such as bacteria, mold (fungi) and algae. The ideal biodegradable plastic is a polymer material which has excellent usability, can be completely decomposed by environmental microorganisms after being abandoned, and finally becomes an integral part of carbon circulation in the nature by being inorganic. Biodegradable plastics can be classified into completely biodegradable plastics and destructively biodegradable plastics. Destructive biodegradable plastics currently mainly include starch modified or filled polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP, polyvinylchloride PVC, polystyrene PS, etc.
The completely biodegradable plastic is mainly prepared from natural polymers (such as starch, cellulose and chitin) or agricultural and sideline products by microbial fermentation or synthesis of polymers with biodegradability, such as thermoplastic starch plastics, aliphatic polyesters, polylactic acid, starch/polyvinyl alcohol and the like. Biodegradable plastics based on natural substances such as starch in the prior art currently mainly comprise the following products: polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, polyhydroxy carboxylic acid ester, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHBHHX is copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-hydroxycaproic acid, and is a completely degradable high polymer material synthesized by microorganisms, and the material performance of the material is related to the content of 3-hydroxycaproic acid (3 HHHx) in the copolymer), starch plastics, bioengineering plastics and general-purpose plastics (polyolefin and polyvinyl chloride).
In China, with the deepening of understanding of the degradable plastics, the strategic effect of the material and the industry thereof on sustainable development of China is fully realized. The widespread use of biodegradable plastics has been a particular feature. The dosage of the completely biodegradable plastic in 2014 reaches 100 ten thousand tons; although the amount of the plastic is smaller than that of the traditional plastic, the plastic is quite large as a material, and the development is rapid. Practical use in addition to its use effect, its degradation rate is also an accompanying problem, and biodegradable plastics generally consider the treatment of compost if the degradation rate is slow: firstly, occupying the land, and having long landfill period; secondly, the growth of crops in the next year is affected.
In the prior art, the method for improving the degradation rate of the biodegradable plastic is a method for adjusting and controlling the degradation rate by grafting, but the cost is high, the performance influence is large, and the adjustable lower limit of the degradation rate is too small.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and provides an environment-friendly biodegradable plastic and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an environment-friendly biodegradable plastic comprises modified cellulose, polypropylene, polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, glycerol, bentonite, a plasticizer, a lubricant, nano hydroxyapatite and heat plasticized starch, wherein the mass portions of the components are as follows: 20-40 parts of modified cellulose, 10-18 parts of polypropylene, 8-12 parts of polybutylene succinate, 10-14 parts of polylactic acid, 12-16 parts of glycerin, 10-14 parts of bentonite, 8-12 parts of plasticizer, 4-8 parts of lubricant, 16-20 parts of nano hydroxyapatite and 20-40 parts of heat plasticized starch.
Preferably, the modified cellulose comprises modified cellulose, polypropylene, polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, glycerol, bentonite, a plasticizer, a lubricant, nano hydroxyapatite and heat plasticization starch, wherein the mass parts of the components are as follows: 25 parts of modified cellulose, 12 parts of polypropylene, 9 parts of polybutylene succinate, 11 parts of polylactic acid, 13 parts of glycerin, 11 parts of bentonite, 9 parts of plasticizer, 5 parts of lubricant, 17 parts of nano hydroxyapatite and 25 parts of heat plasticizing starch.
Preferably, the modified cellulose comprises modified cellulose, polypropylene, polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, glycerol, bentonite, a plasticizer, a lubricant, nano hydroxyapatite and heat plasticization starch, wherein the mass parts of the components are as follows: 30 parts of modified cellulose, 14 parts of polypropylene, 10 parts of polybutylene succinate, 12 parts of polylactic acid, 14 parts of glycerol, 12 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of plasticizer, 6 parts of lubricant, 18 parts of nano hydroxyapatite and 30 parts of heat plasticizing starch.
Preferably, the modified cellulose comprises modified cellulose, polypropylene, polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, glycerol, bentonite, a plasticizer, a lubricant, nano hydroxyapatite and heat plasticization starch, wherein the mass parts of the components are as follows: 35 parts of modified cellulose, 16 parts of polypropylene, 11 parts of polybutylene succinate, 13 parts of polylactic acid, 15 parts of glycerol, 13 parts of bentonite, 11 parts of plasticizer, 7 parts of lubricant, 19 parts of nano hydroxyapatite and 35 parts of heat plasticizing starch.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified cellulose comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking cellulose in alkali liquor which is 20 times of the cellulose for 5 hours, wherein the temperature of the alkali liquor is 60 ℃, and continuously stirring the soaking process;
s2, filtering after soaking, washing for 5 times until the filtrate is neutral, drying and grinding a filter cake;
s3, after the glutaric anhydride is melted, adding concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 98%, then adding cellulose treated in the step 2, uniformly stirring, and introducing nitrogen into a reaction system for treatment;
s4, filtering after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration and washing for 5 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, washing for 5 times by using distilled water, drying after the washing is finished, and grinding and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain the modified cellulose.
Preferably, the alkali liquor is a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5% and a hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass fraction of 2%, and the alkali liquor passes through 4:1 to prepare alkali liquor.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the glutaric anhydride to the concentrated sulfuric acid is 200:1.
preferably, the drying environment of the cellulose in the step S2 is drying treatment in a drying box with the temperature of 40-60 ℃, and the cellulose is circularly dried by crushing by a cutter in the drying process.
Preferably, nitrogen is introduced into the reaction system in the step S3, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ and the reaction is carried out for 30min at normal pressure, and the pressure is reduced for 60min.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the environment-friendly biodegradable plastic, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of adding the weighed polypropylene, the polybutylene succinate, the polylactic acid, the glycerol, the bentonite, the nano hydroxyapatite and the heat plasticization starch into stirring equipment, and uniformly mixing the raw materials through the stirring equipment;
step 2: conveying the uniformly mixed raw materials to a double-screw extruder through a screw conveyor for melting, and granulating the melted raw materials by using the double-screw extruder to obtain master batch, wherein the extrusion temperature is 140 ℃;
step 3: uniformly mixing the master batch in the step 2 with modified cellulose, a plasticizer and a lubricant;
step 4: and conveying the uniformly mixed particles, modified cellulose, plasticizer and lubricant into a double-screw extruder through a screw conveyor to be melted, and extruding by the double-screw extruder to obtain the degradable plastic, wherein the extrusion temperature is 180 ℃.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, the heat property of the degradable plastic is increased by arranging the heat plasticizing starch and the modified cellulose, and the nano hydroxyapatite is more easily eroded and broken during degradation, so that the degradation performance is improved, and the degradation efficiency is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.
Example 1
The environment-friendly biodegradable plastic comprises modified cellulose, polypropylene, polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, glycerol, bentonite, a plasticizer, a lubricant, nano hydroxyapatite and heat plasticized starch, wherein the mass portions of the components are as follows: 20 parts of modified cellulose, 10 parts of polypropylene, 8 parts of polybutylene succinate, 10 parts of polylactic acid, 12 parts of glycerin, 10 parts of bentonite, 8 parts of plasticizer, 4 parts of lubricant, 16 parts of nano hydroxyapatite and 20 parts of heat plasticizing starch.
In the invention, the preparation method of the modified cellulose comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking cellulose in alkali liquor which is 20 times of the cellulose for 5 hours, wherein the temperature of the alkali liquor is 60 ℃, and continuously stirring the soaking process;
s2, filtering after soaking, washing for 5 times until the filtrate is neutral, drying and grinding a filter cake;
s3, after the glutaric anhydride is melted, adding concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 98%, then adding cellulose treated in the step 2, uniformly stirring, and introducing nitrogen into a reaction system for treatment;
s4, filtering after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration and washing for 5 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, washing for 5 times by using distilled water, drying after the washing is finished, and grinding and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain the modified cellulose.
In the invention, the alkali liquor is prepared from 5% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 2% hydrogen peroxide solution by weight percent through the steps of 4:1 to prepare alkali liquor.
In the invention, the mass ratio of glutaric anhydride to concentrated sulfuric acid is 200:1.
in the invention, the drying environment of the cellulose in the S2 is drying treatment in a drying box with the temperature of 40-60 ℃, and the cellulose is crushed and circularly dried by a cutter in the drying process.
In the invention, nitrogen is introduced into the reaction system in the step S3, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ and the reaction is carried out for 30min at normal pressure, and then the reaction is carried out for 60min under reduced pressure.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the environment-friendly biodegradable plastic, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of adding the weighed polypropylene, the polybutylene succinate, the polylactic acid, the glycerol, the bentonite, the nano hydroxyapatite and the heat plasticization starch into stirring equipment, and uniformly mixing the raw materials through the stirring equipment;
step 2: conveying the uniformly mixed raw materials to a double-screw extruder through a screw conveyor for melting, and granulating the melted raw materials by using the double-screw extruder to obtain master batch, wherein the extrusion temperature is 140 ℃;
step 3: uniformly mixing the master batch in the step 2 with modified cellulose, a plasticizer and a lubricant;
step 4: and conveying the uniformly mixed particles, modified cellulose, plasticizer and lubricant into a double-screw extruder through a screw conveyor to be melted, and extruding by the double-screw extruder to obtain the degradable plastic, wherein the extrusion temperature is 180 ℃.
Example 2
An environment-friendly biodegradable plastic comprises modified cellulose, polypropylene, polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, glycerol, bentonite, a plasticizer, a lubricant, nano hydroxyapatite and heat plasticized starch, wherein the mass portions of the components are as follows: 25 parts of modified cellulose, 12 parts of polypropylene, 9 parts of polybutylene succinate, 11 parts of polylactic acid, 13 parts of glycerin, 11 parts of bentonite, 9 parts of plasticizer, 5 parts of lubricant, 17 parts of nano hydroxyapatite and 25 parts of heat plasticizing starch.
In the invention, the preparation method of the modified cellulose comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking cellulose in alkali liquor which is 20 times of the cellulose for 5 hours, wherein the temperature of the alkali liquor is 60 ℃, and continuously stirring the soaking process;
s2, filtering after soaking, washing for 5 times until the filtrate is neutral, drying and grinding a filter cake;
s3, after the glutaric anhydride is melted, adding concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 98%, then adding cellulose treated in the step 2, uniformly stirring, and introducing nitrogen into a reaction system for treatment;
s4, filtering after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration and washing for 5 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, washing for 5 times by using distilled water, drying after the washing is finished, and grinding and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain the modified cellulose.
In the invention, the alkali liquor is prepared from 5% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 2% hydrogen peroxide solution by weight percent through the steps of 4:1 to prepare alkali liquor.
In the invention, the mass ratio of glutaric anhydride to concentrated sulfuric acid is 200:1.
in the invention, the drying environment of the cellulose in the S2 is drying treatment in a drying box with the temperature of 40-60 ℃, and the cellulose is crushed and circularly dried by a cutter in the drying process.
In the invention, nitrogen is introduced into the reaction system in the step S3, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ and the reaction is carried out for 30min at normal pressure, and then the reaction is carried out for 60min under reduced pressure.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the environment-friendly biodegradable plastic, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of adding the weighed polypropylene, the polybutylene succinate, the polylactic acid, the glycerol, the bentonite, the nano hydroxyapatite and the heat plasticization starch into stirring equipment, and uniformly mixing the raw materials through the stirring equipment;
step 2: conveying the uniformly mixed raw materials to a double-screw extruder through a screw conveyor for melting, and granulating the melted raw materials by using the double-screw extruder to obtain master batch, wherein the extrusion temperature is 140 ℃;
step 3: uniformly mixing the master batch in the step 2 with modified cellulose, a plasticizer and a lubricant;
step 4: and conveying the uniformly mixed particles, modified cellulose, plasticizer and lubricant into a double-screw extruder through a screw conveyor to be melted, and extruding by the double-screw extruder to obtain the degradable plastic, wherein the extrusion temperature is 180 ℃.
Example 3
An environment-friendly biodegradable plastic comprises modified cellulose, polypropylene, polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, glycerol, bentonite, a plasticizer, a lubricant, nano hydroxyapatite and heat plasticized starch, wherein the mass portions of the components are as follows: 30 parts of modified cellulose, 14 parts of polypropylene, 10 parts of polybutylene succinate, 12 parts of polylactic acid, 14 parts of glycerol, 12 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of plasticizer, 6 parts of lubricant, 18 parts of nano hydroxyapatite and 30 parts of heat plasticizing starch.
In the invention, the preparation method of the modified cellulose comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking cellulose in alkali liquor which is 20 times of the cellulose for 5 hours, wherein the temperature of the alkali liquor is 60 ℃, and continuously stirring the soaking process;
s2, filtering after soaking, washing for 5 times until the filtrate is neutral, drying and grinding a filter cake;
s3, after the glutaric anhydride is melted, adding concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 98%, then adding cellulose treated in the step 2, uniformly stirring, and introducing nitrogen into a reaction system for treatment;
s4, filtering after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration and washing for 5 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, washing for 5 times by using distilled water, drying after the washing is finished, and grinding and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain the modified cellulose.
In the invention, the alkali liquor is prepared from 5% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 2% hydrogen peroxide solution by weight percent through the steps of 4:1 to prepare alkali liquor.
In the invention, the mass ratio of glutaric anhydride to concentrated sulfuric acid is 200:1.
in the invention, the drying environment of the cellulose in the S2 is drying treatment in a drying box with the temperature of 40-60 ℃, and the cellulose is crushed and circularly dried by a cutter in the drying process.
In the invention, nitrogen is introduced into the reaction system in the step S3, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ and the reaction is carried out for 30min at normal pressure, and then the reaction is carried out for 60min under reduced pressure.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the environment-friendly biodegradable plastic, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of adding the weighed polypropylene, the polybutylene succinate, the polylactic acid, the glycerol, the bentonite, the nano hydroxyapatite and the heat plasticization starch into stirring equipment, and uniformly mixing the raw materials through the stirring equipment;
step 2: conveying the uniformly mixed raw materials to a double-screw extruder through a screw conveyor for melting, and granulating the melted raw materials by using the double-screw extruder to obtain master batch, wherein the extrusion temperature is 140 ℃;
step 3: uniformly mixing the master batch in the step 2 with modified cellulose, a plasticizer and a lubricant;
step 4: and conveying the uniformly mixed particles, modified cellulose, plasticizer and lubricant into a double-screw extruder through a screw conveyor to be melted, and extruding by the double-screw extruder to obtain the degradable plastic, wherein the extrusion temperature is 180 ℃.
Example 4
An environment-friendly biodegradable plastic comprises modified cellulose, polypropylene, polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, glycerol, bentonite, a plasticizer, a lubricant, nano hydroxyapatite and heat plasticized starch, wherein the mass portions of the components are as follows: 35 parts of modified cellulose, 16 parts of polypropylene, 11 parts of polybutylene succinate, 13 parts of polylactic acid, 15 parts of glycerol, 13 parts of bentonite, 11 parts of plasticizer, 7 parts of lubricant, 19 parts of nano hydroxyapatite and 35 parts of heat plasticizing starch.
In the invention, the preparation method of the modified cellulose comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking cellulose in alkali liquor which is 20 times of the cellulose for 5 hours, wherein the temperature of the alkali liquor is 60 ℃, and continuously stirring the soaking process;
s2, filtering after soaking, washing for 5 times until the filtrate is neutral, drying and grinding a filter cake;
s3, after the glutaric anhydride is melted, adding concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 98%, then adding cellulose treated in the step 2, uniformly stirring, and introducing nitrogen into a reaction system for treatment;
s4, filtering after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration and washing for 5 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, washing for 5 times by using distilled water, drying after the washing is finished, and grinding and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain the modified cellulose.
In the invention, the alkali liquor is prepared from 5% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 2% hydrogen peroxide solution by weight percent through the steps of 4:1 to prepare alkali liquor.
In the invention, the mass ratio of glutaric anhydride to concentrated sulfuric acid is 200:1.
in the invention, the drying environment of the cellulose in the S2 is drying treatment in a drying box with the temperature of 40-60 ℃, and the cellulose is crushed and circularly dried by a cutter in the drying process.
In the invention, nitrogen is introduced into the reaction system in the step S3, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ and the reaction is carried out for 30min at normal pressure, and then the reaction is carried out for 60min under reduced pressure.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the environment-friendly biodegradable plastic, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of adding the weighed polypropylene, the polybutylene succinate, the polylactic acid, the glycerol, the bentonite, the nano hydroxyapatite and the heat plasticization starch into stirring equipment, and uniformly mixing the raw materials through the stirring equipment;
step 2: conveying the uniformly mixed raw materials to a double-screw extruder through a screw conveyor for melting, and granulating the melted raw materials by using the double-screw extruder to obtain master batch, wherein the extrusion temperature is 140 ℃;
step 3: uniformly mixing the master batch in the step 2 with modified cellulose, a plasticizer and a lubricant;
step 4: and conveying the uniformly mixed particles, modified cellulose, plasticizer and lubricant into a double-screw extruder through a screw conveyor to be melted, and extruding by the double-screw extruder to obtain the degradable plastic, wherein the extrusion temperature is 180 ℃.
Example 5
An environment-friendly biodegradable plastic comprises modified cellulose, polypropylene, polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, glycerol, bentonite, a plasticizer, a lubricant, nano hydroxyapatite and heat plasticized starch, wherein the mass portions of the components are as follows: 40 parts of modified cellulose, 18 parts of polypropylene, 12 parts of polybutylene succinate, 14 parts of polylactic acid, 16 parts of glycerin, 14 parts of bentonite, 12 parts of plasticizer, 8 parts of lubricant, 20 parts of nano hydroxyapatite and 40 parts of heat plasticizing starch.
In the invention, the preparation method of the modified cellulose comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking cellulose in alkali liquor which is 20 times of the cellulose for 5 hours, wherein the temperature of the alkali liquor is 60 ℃, and continuously stirring the soaking process;
s2, filtering after soaking, washing for 5 times until the filtrate is neutral, drying and grinding a filter cake;
s3, after the glutaric anhydride is melted, adding concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 98%, then adding cellulose treated in the step 2, uniformly stirring, and introducing nitrogen into a reaction system for treatment;
s4, filtering after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration and washing for 5 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, washing for 5 times by using distilled water, drying after the washing is finished, and grinding and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain the modified cellulose.
In the invention, the alkali liquor is prepared from 5% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 2% hydrogen peroxide solution by weight percent through the steps of 4:1 to prepare alkali liquor.
In the invention, the mass ratio of glutaric anhydride to concentrated sulfuric acid is 200:1.
in the invention, the drying environment of the cellulose in the S2 is drying treatment in a drying box with the temperature of 40-60 ℃, and the cellulose is crushed and circularly dried by a cutter in the drying process.
In the invention, nitrogen is introduced into the reaction system in the step S3, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ and the reaction is carried out for 30min at normal pressure, and then the reaction is carried out for 60min under reduced pressure.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the environment-friendly biodegradable plastic, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of adding the weighed polypropylene, the polybutylene succinate, the polylactic acid, the glycerol, the bentonite, the nano hydroxyapatite and the heat plasticization starch into stirring equipment, and uniformly mixing the raw materials through the stirring equipment;
step 2: conveying the uniformly mixed raw materials to a double-screw extruder through a screw conveyor for melting, and granulating the melted raw materials by using the double-screw extruder to obtain master batch, wherein the extrusion temperature is 140 ℃;
step 3: uniformly mixing the master batch in the step 2 with modified cellulose, a plasticizer and a lubricant;
step 4: and conveying the uniformly mixed particles, modified cellulose, plasticizer and lubricant into a double-screw extruder through a screw conveyor to be melted, and extruding by the double-screw extruder to obtain the degradable plastic, wherein the extrusion temperature is 180 ℃.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The environment-friendly biodegradable plastic is characterized by comprising modified cellulose, polypropylene, polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, glycerol, bentonite, a plasticizer, a lubricant, nano hydroxyapatite and heat-plasticizing starch, wherein the mass portions of the components are as follows: 20-40 parts of modified cellulose, 10-18 parts of polypropylene, 8-12 parts of polybutylene succinate, 10-14 parts of polylactic acid, 12-16 parts of glycerin, 10-14 parts of bentonite, 8-12 parts of plasticizer, 4-8 parts of lubricant, 16-20 parts of nano hydroxyapatite and 20-40 parts of heat plasticized starch.
2. The environment-friendly biodegradable plastic according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 25 parts of modified cellulose, 12 parts of polypropylene, 9 parts of polybutylene succinate, 11 parts of polylactic acid, 13 parts of glycerin, 11 parts of bentonite, 9 parts of plasticizer, 5 parts of lubricant, 17 parts of nano hydroxyapatite and 25 parts of heat plasticizing starch.
3. The environment-friendly biodegradable plastic according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 30 parts of modified cellulose, 14 parts of polypropylene, 10 parts of polybutylene succinate, 12 parts of polylactic acid, 14 parts of glycerol, 12 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of plasticizer, 6 parts of lubricant, 18 parts of nano hydroxyapatite and 30 parts of heat plasticizing starch.
4. The environment-friendly biodegradable plastic according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 35 parts of modified cellulose, 16 parts of polypropylene, 11 parts of polybutylene succinate, 13 parts of polylactic acid, 15 parts of glycerol, 13 parts of bentonite, 11 parts of plasticizer, 7 parts of lubricant, 19 parts of nano hydroxyapatite and 35 parts of heat plasticizing starch.
5. The environment-friendly biodegradable plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of the modified cellulose comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking cellulose in alkali liquor which is 20 times of the cellulose for 5 hours, wherein the temperature of the alkali liquor is 60 ℃, and continuously stirring the soaking process;
s2, filtering after soaking, washing for 5 times until the filtrate is neutral, drying and grinding a filter cake;
s3, after the glutaric anhydride is melted, adding concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 98%, then adding cellulose treated in the step 2, uniformly stirring, and introducing nitrogen into a reaction system for treatment;
s4, filtering after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration and washing for 5 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, washing for 5 times by using distilled water, drying after the washing is finished, and grinding and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain the modified cellulose.
6. The environment-friendly biodegradable plastic according to claim 5, wherein the alkali solution is a solution of sodium hydroxide with a mass fraction of 5% and a solution of hydrogen peroxide with a mass fraction of 2% by weight, and the alkali solution is prepared by the following steps: 1 to prepare alkali liquor.
7. The environment-friendly biodegradable plastic according to claim 5, characterized in that the mass ratio of glutaric anhydride to concentrated sulfuric acid is 200:1.
8. the environment-friendly biodegradable plastic according to claim 5, wherein the drying environment of the cellulose in the step S2 is drying treatment in a drying box with the temperature of 40-60 ℃, and the cellulose is circularly dried by crushing by a cutter during the drying process.
9. The environment-friendly biodegradable plastic according to claim 5, wherein nitrogen is introduced into the reaction system in the step S3, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ and the pressure is increased for 30min, and the pressure is reduced for 60min.
10. The preparation method of the environment-friendly biodegradable plastic is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of adding the weighed polypropylene, the polybutylene succinate, the polylactic acid, the glycerol, the bentonite, the nano hydroxyapatite and the heat plasticization starch into stirring equipment, and uniformly mixing the raw materials through the stirring equipment;
step 2: conveying the uniformly mixed raw materials to a double-screw extruder through a screw conveyor for melting, and granulating the melted raw materials by using the double-screw extruder to obtain master batch, wherein the extrusion temperature is 140 ℃;
step 3: uniformly mixing the master batch in the step 2 with modified cellulose, a plasticizer and a lubricant;
step 4: and conveying the uniformly mixed particles, modified cellulose, plasticizer and lubricant into a double-screw extruder through a screw conveyor to be melted, and extruding by the double-screw extruder to obtain the degradable plastic, wherein the extrusion temperature is 180 ℃.
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