CN117534358A - Fuel-free self-heating sintering decarburization process for gangue - Google Patents
Fuel-free self-heating sintering decarburization process for gangue Download PDFInfo
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- CN117534358A CN117534358A CN202410003291.3A CN202410003291A CN117534358A CN 117534358 A CN117534358 A CN 117534358A CN 202410003291 A CN202410003291 A CN 202410003291A CN 117534358 A CN117534358 A CN 117534358A
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- coal gangue
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010024796 Logorrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;sulfane Chemical compound C.S YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/12—Waste materials; Refuse from quarries, mining or the like
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of solid waste, and in particular relates to a fuel-free self-heating sintering decarburization process of coal gangue, which comprises the following steps of: the coal gangue raw materials with different heat value and carbon content are respectively screened to obtain the coal gangue raw materials meeting the particle size requirement, and the coal gangue raw materials are homogenized according to the proportion after the calculation of the heat value and the carbon content to obtain the coal gangue base material; and conveying the gangue base stock to the upper part of the vertical kiln for feeding, preheating, calcining and cooling in the vertical kiln to obtain a finished product material, and discharging the finished product material from the bottom of the vertical kiln. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: according to the invention, by controlling the particle size and the fixed carbon content of the gangue base material, compared with a rotary kiln, a fluidized bed furnace, a sintering machine and the like, the drying, crushing and grinding processes can be omitted, the direct screening and the utilization can be realized, the internal combustion decarburization of the residual carbon of the gangue base material is fully utilized, the energy consumption is saved, the equipment investment is reduced, and the phenomena of sintering and caking are avoided; through designing the vertical kiln specification, reduce kiln interior material thickness, reduce ventilation resistance, guarantee decarbonization efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of solid waste, and particularly relates to a fuel-free self-heating sintering decarburization process of coal gangue.
Background
Gangue is produced in the coal exploitation and washing process, belongs to a large amount of industrial solid waste, contains a large amount of carbon and other harmful substances, and is particularly important for reducing environmental pollution and improving energy utilization efficiency, and research and application of gangue decarburization technology are important. The comprehensive utilization of the gangue is influenced by factors such as aluminum-silicon ratio, carbon-sulfur content and the like, and is mainly used for producing aluminum oxide and fuel, as chemical raw materials and ceramic raw materials, and in the aspects of preparing building materials and road engineering filling, before the gangue is used for preparing the building materials, the activity of the gangue is increased by a proper method, and residual carbon and other organic matters in the gangue are reduced.
Chinese patent CN110078401B discloses a process for preparing an active mixed material by sintering coal gangue in a belt mode, in which a sintering machine is used to treat coal gangue, and then fine grinding is carried out to obtain the active mixed material. The belt type sintering machine is suitable for large-scale treatment of coal gangue, and has the advantages of large occupied area, high construction cost, complex manufacturing process and high production cost, wherein the coal gangue is required to be crushed to a preset fineness before sintering, and the coal gangue is prepared into pellets with preset granularity after being uniformly mixed. In order to reduce the production cost and adapt to small-scale consumption, attempts are made to adopt a lime kiln or a cement kiln for decarburization sintering of the coal gangue, wherein the lime kiln is a kiln for countercurrent roasting, the coal gangue is added from the top of the kiln, combustion air is introduced from the lower part, residual carbon of the coal gangue is fully utilized for internal combustion, the coal gangue gradually moves downwards by means of a discharging device and gravity, and the finished product is obtained through preheating, calcining and cooling. The decarbonization sintering temperature of the gangue is 700-850 ℃, the calcination temperature of lime is about 920 ℃, and the calcination temperatures of the gangue and the lime are similar; however, the two materials have different properties, different reaction temperature, different physical and chemical reactions and other factors, the traditional lime kiln or cement kiln is adopted to decarbonize and sinter the gangue, and the prior application of Chinese patent CN116282989A is the periodic research result of the applicant, but the problems of poor continuous production stability, poor uniformity of decarbonizing effect, large fluctuation of product activity index and the like are found in use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of poor continuous production stability, poor uniformity of decarburization effect, large fluctuation of product activity index and the like in the existing lime kiln for calcining coal gangue for decarburization, and provides a fuel-free self-heating sintering decarburization process for coal gangue.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a fuelless self-heating sintering decarburization process for coal gangue comprises the following steps:
(1) The coal gangue raw materials with different heat value and carbon content are respectively screened to obtain the coal gangue raw materials meeting the particle size requirement, and the coal gangue raw materials are homogenized according to the proportion after the calculation of the heat value and the carbon content to obtain the coal gangue base material;
the particle size of the gangue base material is 8-30mm, and the fixed carbon content is 1.5% -3%;
a gangue raw material with a fixed carbon content higher than 3% is a material A, a gangue raw material with a fixed carbon content lower than 1.5% is a material B, and a gangue raw material with a fixed carbon content of 1.5% -3% is a material C; wherein the materials A and B are subjected to calculation and homogenization according to a proportion, and the fixed carbon content of which the target value M meets the condition is 1.5% -3%;
(2) Conveying gangue base materials to the upper part of a shaft kiln for feeding, preheating, calcining and cooling in the shaft kiln to obtain a finished product material, and discharging the finished product material from the bottom of the shaft kiln; combustion air for the shaft kiln is blown in from the bottom of the shaft kiln.
Further, the particle size of the gangue base material is 10-20mm, and the obtained gangue base material has an irregular structure.
Specifically, the material hardness of the gangue raw material is 4-5, the molding moisture is 12-21%, and the plasticity index is 8-15.
Specifically, the preheating temperature of the gangue in the step (2) is 350-450 ℃; the calcination temperature is 700-850 ℃ and the calcination time is 3-4 hours.
Specifically, the kiln body height of the vertical kiln is 8-12m, and the inner diameter of the kiln body is 4.5-6m; through reducing kiln body height, realize reducing kiln interior material thickness, reduce ventilation resistance, through controlling gangue binder particle diameter simultaneously, reduce the addition of garrulous little material, keep the looseness of material layer to do benefit to the homogeneity in wind channel.
Specifically, a preheating zone, a calcining zone and a cooling zone are arranged in the vertical kiln from top to bottom, and a plurality of natural gas ignition devices are circumferentially distributed at the junction of the calcining zone and the cooling zone; and temperature measuring devices are uniformly arranged on the calcining belt along the circumferential direction, and when the temperature is lower than 700 ℃, the corresponding natural gas ignition devices are used for ignition. Because the gangue base material is of an irregular structure, the condition of uneven combustion can possibly occur, and the natural ignition device is utilized to ignite the low-temperature part, so that correction and combustion supporting are realized, the combustion uniformity is improved, and the decarburization efficiency is improved.
The theoretical energy consumption of decarburization at 800 ℃ is 364kcal/kg, which is the data obtained by constant temperature in an oven, but in practice, it is verified that the theoretical value actual production control index is higher due to temperature aggregation caused by kiln heat preservation and heat released by exothermic reaction generated in calcination, so that the phenomenon of sintering or caking in a vertical kiln cannot occur due to overhigh temperature in the calcination process by controlling the fixed carbon content of the gangue base material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: according to the invention, by controlling the particle size and the fixed carbon content of the gangue base material, compared with a rotary kiln, a fluidized bed furnace, a sintering machine and the like, the drying, crushing and grinding processes can be omitted, the direct screening and the utilization can be realized, the residual carbon of the gangue base material is fully utilized, the internal combustion decarburization is realized, the energy consumption is saved, the equipment investment is reduced, and the phenomena of sintering and caking can be avoided; through the reasonable design vertical kiln specification, reduce kiln interior material thickness, reduce ventilation resistance, cooperate natural gas ignition to rectify in real time, improve the burning homogeneity, guarantee decarbonization efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a gangue fuel-free self-heating sintering decarburization process comprises the following steps:
(1) The coal gangue raw materials with different heat value and carbon content are respectively screened to obtain the coal gangue raw materials meeting the particle size requirement, and the coal gangue raw materials are homogenized according to the proportion after the calculation of the heat value and the carbon content to obtain the coal gangue base material; conveying the obtained gangue base material into a storage bin through a belt;
the particle size of the gangue base material is 8-30mm, and the fixed carbon content is 1.5% -3%;
a gangue raw material with a fixed carbon content higher than 3% is a material A, a gangue raw material with a fixed carbon content lower than 1.5% is a material B, and a gangue raw material with a fixed carbon content of 1.5% -3% is a material C; wherein the materials A and B are subjected to calculation and homogenization according to a proportion, and the fixed carbon content of which the target value M meets the condition is 1.5% -3%;
in the embodiment, the fixed carbon content of the material A is 3.9%, the fixed carbon content of the material B is 1.1%, and the fixed carbon content of the gangue base material is 2.5% by weight of the material A and the material B which are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1;
the physical properties of the gangue binders in this example are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
；
(2) Batching according to the feeding requirement, then conveying the gangue base material to the upper part of a vertical kiln for feeding by a conveying system, wherein the height of the kiln body of the vertical kiln is 10m, the inner diameter of the kiln body is 5.3m, a preheating zone, a calcining zone and a cooling zone are arranged in the vertical kiln from top to bottom, the thickness of the preheating zone is 1-2m, and the temperature after preheating is 400 ℃; the thickness of the calcining zone is about 4m, the calcining temperature is 700-850 ℃, and the calcining time is 3-4 hours; the thickness of the cooling belt is about 4m;
preheating, calcining and cooling the gangue base material in the shaft kiln to obtain a finished product material, discharging the finished product material from the bottom of the shaft kiln, and conveying the finished product material after storage; the fan blows combustion-supporting air to support combustion, combustion flue gas naturally rises, so that dust generated by material distribution flows to the kiln top along with air flow under slight negative pressure to realize dust removal, and the dust is discharged from a chimney after being treated by a desulfurization and denitrification device;
6 natural gas ignition devices are circumferentially distributed at the junction of the calcining zone and the cooling zone; and 6 temperature measuring devices are arranged on the calcining belt along the middle height of the calcining belt above the corresponding natural gas ignition device, and when the temperature is lower than 700 ℃, the corresponding natural gas ignition device is used for ignition, and combustion is carried out for 3-5min each time.
Example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the particle size of the gangue base material is adjusted to 8-20mm, and the rest conditions are unchanged.
Control group 1
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the particle size of the gangue base material is regulated to be 0-8mm, and the rest conditions are unchanged.
Control group 2
Based on the embodiment 1, the material A with the granularity meeting the requirement is selected as the gangue base material, and the rest conditions are unchanged.
Detecting the compressive strength of the finished product material according to GB/T18046 for 7 days and 28 days, and performing test activity indexes according to GB/T12957-2008 for 7 days and 28 days; each example and control group were tested after treatment of 100 tons of gangue binder, and each group was repeated 3 times to average the following results:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in table 2, the gangue binder in example 2 further preferably contributes to improving decarburization efficiency, and both example 1 and example 2 maintain good compressive strength and activity index; the smaller the particle size, the stronger the adhesiveness and the correspondingly larger the water content, thus preventing ventilation in the kiln, and the reduction of decarburization efficiency can be seen from the loss on ignition data in the control group 1; and the sintering phenomenon can occur when the fixed carbon content of the gangue in the control group 2 is high.
The working principle is as follows: the coal gangue base material is conveyed by a belt and added from the top, natural downward movement is formed by self gravity and a bottom discharging device, combustion air is introduced from the lower part and naturally rises by a high-pressure blower and hot gas, and residual carbon in the coal gangue is fully utilized for internal combustion; the high-temperature flue gas of the gangue base material (generated by the calcining zone) transfers heat to the materials in the preheating zone, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced when the materials are preheated, the heat carried by the high-temperature materials in the cooling zone exchanges heat with combustion air blown in by a fan, the combustion air is preheated, meanwhile, the finished materials are cooled, the temperature is reduced, the kiln is conveniently discharged, and the sintering process accords with the thermal principle; flue gas generated in the roasting process and dust generated by material distribution flow to the kiln top along with air flow under micro negative pressure, and are discharged under the action of attractive force of an exhaust fan.
By utilizing the decarburization process in the invention, continuous production can be realized, the thermal system stability of the kiln is ensured, the ignition device is utilized to correct deviation in time, so that the coal gangue is heated and roasted uniformly, and the decarburization efficiency is improved.
While the fundamental and principal features of the invention and advantages of the invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The fuelless self-heating sintering decarburization process for the coal gangue is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) The coal gangue raw materials with different heat value and carbon content are respectively screened to obtain the coal gangue raw materials meeting the particle size requirement, and the coal gangue raw materials are homogenized according to the proportion after the calculation of the heat value and the carbon content to obtain the coal gangue base material;
the particle size of the gangue base material is 8-30mm, and the fixed carbon content is 1.5% -3%;
(2) And conveying the gangue base stock to the upper part of the vertical kiln for feeding, preheating, calcining and cooling in the vertical kiln to obtain a finished product material, and discharging the finished product material from the bottom of the vertical kiln.
2. The fuelled self-heating sintering decarbonization process of coal gangue as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the coal gangue base material is 10-20mm.
3. The fuelled self-heating sintering decarbonization process of coal gangue as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material hardness of the coal gangue material is 4-5, the molding moisture is 12-21%, and the plasticity index is 8-15.
4. The fuelled self-heating sintering decarbonization process of coal gangue as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature of the coal gangue in the step (2) is 350-450 ℃; the calcination temperature is 700-850 ℃ and the calcination time is 3-4 hours.
5. The fuelled self-heating sintering decarbonization process of coal gangue as claimed in claim 1, wherein the kiln body height of the vertical kiln is 8-12m, and the kiln body inner diameter is 4.5-6m.
6. The fuelled self-heating sintering decarbonization process of coal gangue as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combustion air for the shaft kiln is blown in from the bottom of the shaft kiln.
7. The fuelled self-heating sintering decarbonization process of coal gangue as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preheating zone, the calcining zone and the cooling zone are arranged in the vertical kiln from top to bottom, and a plurality of natural gas ignition devices are circumferentially distributed at the junction of the calcining zone and the cooling zone.
8. The fuelled self-heating sintering decarbonization process of coal gangue as claimed in claim 7, wherein the temperature measuring devices are uniformly arranged on the calcining zone along the circumferential direction, and when the temperature is lower than 700 ℃, the corresponding natural gas ignition device is used for ignition.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030154887A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-21 | Oates David Bridson | Use of high carbon coal ash |
| US20060032408A1 (en) * | 2004-08-12 | 2006-02-16 | Strabala William M | Method of making pozzolands and cementitious materials from coal combustion by-products |
| CN102464458A (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2012-05-23 | 泸州兰良水泥有限公司 | Method and equipment for calcining blending material with high activity by feeding out of kiln head |
| CN112759294A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-05-07 | 宋高明 | Method for preparing superfine coal-series kaolin by using coal gangue |
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-
2024
- 2024-01-02 CN CN202410003291.3A patent/CN117534358B/en active Active
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|---|
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