CN117533195A - Power battery management method based on active impedance test - Google Patents
Power battery management method based on active impedance test Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007621 cluster analysis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013450 outlier detection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001453 impedance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L12/40006—Architecture of a communication node
- H04L12/40045—Details regarding the feeding of energy to the node from the bus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/48—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for in-vehicle communication
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L2012/40208—Bus networks characterized by the use of a particular bus standard
- H04L2012/40215—Controller Area Network CAN
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L2012/40267—Bus for use in transportation systems
- H04L2012/40273—Bus for use in transportation systems the transportation system being a vehicle
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a power battery management method based on active impedance test, which belongs to the technical field of battery management of lithium ion batteries, and based on the existing battery management method, the invention collects the impedance of each single battery in a specific frequency range, performs precision optimization through an extreme learning machine algorithm, predicts the battery temperature through an internal temperature prediction algorithm, judges abnormal batteries through an outlier detection algorithm, and is used for finding the internal temperature change of the batteries in early stage of battery thermal runaway so as to realize early warning of thermal runaway in advance; meanwhile, the communication between the master control board and the slave control board is realized in a wireless communication mode, so that not only is the wire harness reduced and the weight of a battery system reduced, but also the connection length of the impedance acquisition wire harness is shortened, the crosstalk and the magnetic field interference under the dynamic frequency are reduced, and the acquisition precision of the impedance is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery management of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a power battery management method based on an active impedance test.
Background
As the brain of the battery pack, a Battery Management System (BMS) plays a role in managing battery cells under certain performance constraints. Typically, the functions of a battery management system include monitoring battery status, managing battery performance, battery balancing, and securing battery safety.
Early battery management systems were generally master-slave, in which signals such as voltage and temperature of the battery module were collected by a slave board, and then transmitted to a master board, where the battery status was calculated, analyzed, and diagnosed. However, the conventional in-vehicle battery management system is limited by the lack of algorithm capability, memory space and communication capability, and cannot further apply advanced methods thereto. In addition, the traditional vehicle-mounted battery management system has limited information, the inside of the battery is a complex electrochemical reaction process, and limited voltage, current and temperature data cannot represent the internal reaction process, so that early warning cannot be realized.
Currently, new energy trucks and large commercial new energy automobiles always have multiple battery packs on the vehicle, which makes communication between the related battery packs on a traditional master-slave system more difficult. For example, chinese patents CN110018422A, CN112630675A and CN115389960a.
Due to the rapid development of the electrical system and the increase of new functions, the weight and length of the wire harness in the battery are rapidly increased, which accounts for more than 7% of the weight of the whole vehicle. The heavy wire harness is disadvantageous in light weight of the entire vehicle, and also presents problems in terms of reliability and safety. Therefore, based on the above problems, the invention provides a novel BMS architecture which adopts dynamic impedance spectrum to realize improvement of communication efficiency between master and slave control boards of a battery management system and reduction of communication harness on the premise of ensuring communication quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a power battery management method based on active impedance test, which measures the impedance of the battery through an external sinusoidal excitation signal with specific frequency, predicts the internal temperature of the battery, and provides a battery alarm strategy.
The invention provides a power battery management method based on an active impedance test, which comprises the following steps:
step one: based on the high-frequency dynamic impedance measurement technology and the wireless communication technology, designing battery management system hardware to obtain a wireless battery management hardware system;
preferably, the wireless battery management hardware system is used for collecting battery dynamic impedance;
step one, the hardware system for wireless battery management includes: an initial master control board and an initial slave control board;
the initial main control board comprises: the device comprises a main control chip, a sampling module, a wireless communication module, an insulation diagnosis module, a CAN communication module, a driving control module, a power module, a programmable gain amplifier and a high-order digital isolation type analog-to-digital conversion chip;
the initial slave control board comprises a power supply module, a signal acquisition module and a wireless communication module.
Further, the main control chip is used for realizing a software function;
the wireless communication module is used for Bluetooth networking and realizing signal transmission between the master control board and the slave control board;
the insulation diagnosis module is used for the safety protection function of the main control board and prevents electric shock accidents;
the CAN communication module is used for communicating with the outside, and comprises a vehicle control unit or a vehicle-mounted T-BOX;
the drive control module is used for controlling the positive and/or negative relay and the thermal management system by outputting an external signal;
the power supply module is used for supplying power to the main control chip, and the electric energy is from a low-voltage power supply of the vehicle.
The programmable gain amplifier is used for increasing the voltage amplification factor to meet the range of the acquisition chip;
the high-order digital isolation type analog-digital conversion chip is used for collecting excitation voltage.
The mode of collecting the excitation voltage is an odd-bit and even-bit battery interval sampling mode;
the high-order digital isolation type analog-to-digital conversion chip is connected with the battery through a twisted pair.
Further, the battery information is mainly sampled from the slave control board, the sampling content comprises single battery voltage, temperature, impedance information in a specific frequency range and the like, and the system information is sampled from the master control board and comprises system voltage, system current and the like.
According to the invention, the programmable gain amplifier is designed to amplify the voltage, so that the influence of low voltage signal amplitude caused by low impedance of the large-capacity battery is further reduced; through the sampling mode of the odd-numbered batteries and the even-numbered batteries, crosstalk between adjacent batteries is avoided when dynamic impedance is generated; the form of twisted pair is connected with the battery to avoid the influence of the magnetic field fluctuation generated by high-frequency current on the voltage signal caused by overlong wire harness.
Furthermore, the main control chip is integrated with a dual-core structure, a protocol stack and an antenna module; the dual-core structure comprises a main core and a secondary core; the secondary core is used for running a wireless network protocol; the protocol stack is a special wireless BMS protocol stack of 2.4GHz frequency band (2402-2480 MHz); the main core is a real-time multitasking kernel TI-RTOS used for quick networking; the antenna module is used for improving communication stability;
the main control chip is a CC2642R-Q1 chip so as to realize wireless communication between the master board and the slave board; the main control chip is designed based on Arm Cortex-M4, and integrates a plurality of analog peripherals and a radio frequency subsystem.
The static power consumption of the communication chip of the wireless communication module is less than 100 mu A.
Preferably, the main functions of the wireless battery management hardware system include state monitoring, communication monitoring and diagnosis of battery units;
the state monitoring of the battery unit comprises the steps of sampling the voltage and the temperature of the battery piece and the total voltage and the current of the battery pack.
The invention adopts modularization to design hardware, and realizes the design of a dynamic impedance acquisition circuit, a distributed wireless sampling circuit, a main controller circuit, a power supply circuit, an on-board wireless communication circuit and a slave board wireless communication power supply circuit.
Step two: acquiring a specific frequency current signal output by a high-frequency current signal generator, inputting the specific frequency current signal into the wireless battery management hardware system in the step one, and outputting a voltage signal with a corresponding frequency;
obtaining dynamic impedance of the corresponding frequency based on the voltage signal of the corresponding frequency;
transmitting the dynamic impedance of the corresponding frequency back to the wireless battery management hardware system in a wireless communication mode to obtain an updated wireless battery management system;
preferably, the specific frequency current signal refers to a sine wave signal with a fixed amplitude and a specific frequency; the selection of the amplitude varies with battery capacity.
Further, the specific frequency current signal is a sinusoidal current signal with the amplitude of 1A and the frequency range of 10 Hz-100 Hz.
Preferably, the voltage signal with the corresponding frequency is input without load current in a wireless battery management hardware system, and is collected in a slave control board of the wireless battery management hardware system.
Preferably, the high-frequency current signal generator is an element independently designed by a power supply module or an improvement of an on-vehicle charger.
Step three: adopting a layered design structure to carry out software design on the updated wireless battery management system in the second step to obtain a distributed wireless battery management system;
preferably, the distributed wireless battery management system includes an application layer, a real-time operating environment layer, and a base software layer.
Further, the application layer is used for a functional algorithm of the distributed wireless battery management system; the functional algorithm comprises a power battery state estimation algorithm, a power battery physical model, a power battery dynamic impedance approximation algorithm, a power battery internal temperature prediction algorithm and a power battery fault diagnosis algorithm.
Further, the dynamic impedance approximation algorithm of the power battery is as follows: the method comprises the steps of taking dynamic impedance of corresponding frequency in a wireless battery management system as input, taking electrochemical impedance measured by an electrochemical workstation under the same condition as output, establishing a training set, a testing set and a verification set, and training a limit learning algorithm based on the training set, the testing set and the verification set to obtain a dynamic impedance approximation algorithm of the power battery, wherein the algorithm output is impedance, and the impedance is used for approximating the precision of the test impedance of the electrochemical workstation;
still further, the power battery internal temperature prediction algorithm is:
establishing a functional relation between dynamic impedance corresponding to a specific frequency current signal and the internal temperature of the power battery; the functional relation is a linear or nonlinear relation between dynamic impedance corresponding to a specific frequency current signal and the internal temperature of the power battery;
fitting the functional relation to obtain a prediction function of the dynamic impedance or phase value of the corresponding frequency in the power battery and the internal temperature of the battery; the fitting mode comprises an exponential function, a linear function or a piecewise interpolation function;
collecting and updating dynamic impedance or phase value of corresponding frequency of a slave control board of the wireless battery management system, inputting the prediction function, and carrying out inverse solution to obtain the internal temperature of the power battery;
further, the dynamic impedance is a functional relation with the internal temperature of the power battery, and the expression is:
wherein T is n For the current signal frequency of the power batterynThe corresponding internal temperature of the power battery;nthe current signal frequency of the power battery; a is a molecular calibration parameter, b is a denominator calibration parameter;is the current signal frequency of the power batterynCorresponding dynamic impedance.
Still further, the power battery fault diagnosis algorithm is: clustering analysis is carried out on the internal temperatures of a plurality of power batteries in the updated wireless battery management system by using a clustering algorithm based on density, outliers are judged, and then thermal runaway is judged in a threshold detection mode, so that a power battery fault diagnosis result is obtained;
the threshold detection may be a fixed threshold or may be a function of battery capacity or voltage or state of charge.
Further, the real-time running environment layer is used for providing basic communication services and supporting communication between the inside of the software component and the base software layer;
the basic software layer is continuously divided into a service layer, an electric control unit abstract layer, a microcontroller abstract layer and a complex driving layer through functions, and different layers realize protection of different functional modules.
Step four: designing a communication connection logic architecture and a battery state variable frequency detection logic architecture between a master control board and a slave control board of the distributed wireless battery management system;
preferably, the communication connection logic architecture specifically includes:
presetting a Bluetooth networking process time length; powering up a slave control board of the distributed wireless battery management system; broadcasting the communication address of the slave control board outwards through Bluetooth networking communication of the wireless communication module;
detecting whether a slave control board communication address is received by a main control board of the distributed wireless battery management system;
when the master control board receives the communication address of the slave control board, the master control board sends a first piece of connection information to the slave control board to indicate that connection is established;
when the master control board and the slave control board communicate for the first time, the slave control board checks whether connection is established with the master control board by verifying whether connection information exists; simultaneously, recording the duration of a Bluetooth networking process;
if the verification result shows that the connection is established, the connection between the master control board and the slave control board is successful;
if the verification result shows that the connection is not established, the master control board sends a verification code to the slave control board, the slave control board sends a reply verification code to the master control board, and after verification, the master control board records the communication address of the master control board;
if the slave control board detects that the connection between the master control board and the slave control board is established within the Bluetooth networking process duration range, the communication connection between the master control board and the slave control board is successful;
and if the Bluetooth networking process duration is exceeded, reconnecting the master control board and the slave control board.
Further, the bluetooth networking process duration is 600ms.
Furthermore, the communication connection logic is a communication connection protocol between wireless modules, and is designed by adopting Bluetooth low energy consumption (BLE), and a protocol stack comprises a bottom layer core protocol and an application layer protocol;
the method comprises the following specific steps of formulating connection of a Bluetooth communication connection application layer protocol between a master control board and a slave control board according to a BLE bottom layer core protocol:
step a, presetting a Bluetooth networking process time length to be 600ms; after the slave control board in the distributed wireless battery management system is electrified, the communication address of the slave control board is always broadcasted outwards through Bluetooth networking communication of the wireless communication module;
step b, after the main control board receives the communication address of the slave control board, the main control board sends a first piece of connection establishment information to the slave control board so as to establish connection;
step c, when the master control board and the slave control board communicate for the first time, the slave control board preferentially checks whether connection is established with the master control board, and if the connection is not established, d is executed; if the connection is established, the communication connection between the master control board and the slave control board is successful;
step d, the master control board sends a PIN code to the slave control board for verification, then the slave control board sends a PIN code to the master control board, and after verification, the master control board records the address of the master control board for subsequent communication;
step e, using a timer to record the Bluetooth networking process time, and if the slave control board detects that the connection between the master control board and the slave control board is established in the timing range, successfully connecting the master control board and the slave control board in a communication way;
and (c) if the connection process time exceeds the preset Bluetooth networking time, returning to the step (b).
Preferably, the battery state variable frequency detection logic architecture specifically includes:
the slave control board of the distributed wireless battery management system performs data acquisition on the voltage, current and temperature information of the battery according to fixed frequency, obtains a battery data set and sends the battery data set to the master control board;
the main control board receives the data set in a low-frequency mode and judges whether the battery state of the slave control board is normal when the slave control board collects data;
if the battery state is judged to be normal, the main control board sends out an application for sending next frame data to the slave control board, the slave control board receives the application, and the starting step is returned to acquire the battery data set at the next moment again;
if the battery state is judged to be abnormal, a timing range is preset, the main control board starts timing, and in the timing range, whether a battery data set transmitted from the control board continuously reflects the abnormal state of the battery is judged; the abnormal state comprises abnormal voltage sampling or leakage, lithium precipitation and electrolyte drying;
if the battery data set sent from the slave control board after timing is finished totally reflects the abnormal state of the battery, the master control board of the distributed wireless battery management system can be converted from a low-frequency receiving mode to a high-frequency receiving mode, fault codes are output to the VCU of the whole vehicle controller, and meanwhile, the master control board sends out an application of next frame data transmission to the slave control board.
Further, the battery state variable frequency detection logic specifically includes:
step 1, monitoring and collecting voltage, current and temperature data of a battery by a slave control board at a frequency of 100HZ to obtain a battery data set;
step 2, the slave control board sends the battery data set to the main control board at the frequency of 100 HZ;
step 3, the main control board receives the battery data set sent by the slave control board at 50HZ frequency, judges whether abnormal values exist in the battery monitoring data, if so, executes the step 4, and if not, directly executes the step 6;
step 4, the main control board detects whether the duration of the abnormal value in the battery monitoring data sent by the slave control board exceeds 500ms, if so, the step 5 is executed, and if not, the step 6 is directly executed;
step 5, the main control board sends out fault codes and changes from a low-frequency receiving mode to a high-frequency receiving mode (100 HZ);
and 6, the main board sends out a next frame data request.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the communication connection logic architecture and the variable frequency monitoring logic architecture are deployed by using an AUTOSAR architecture.
Step five: and performing power battery management based on a communication connection logic architecture and a battery state variable frequency detection logic architecture between a master control board and a slave control board of the distributed wireless battery management system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
(1) The power battery management method based on the active impedance test is used for collecting the impedance of each single battery in a specific frequency range based on the existing battery management method, performing precision optimization through an extreme learning machine algorithm, predicting the battery temperature through an internal temperature prediction algorithm, judging an abnormal battery through an outlier detection algorithm, and finding out the internal temperature change of the battery in early stage of the thermal runaway of the battery so as to realize early warning of the thermal runaway.
(2) According to the power battery management method based on the active impedance test, communication between the master control board and the slave control board is achieved in a wireless communication mode, wiring harnesses are reduced, the weight of a battery system is reduced, the connection length of an impedance acquisition wiring harness is shortened, crosstalk and magnetic field interference under dynamic frequency are reduced, and the acquisition accuracy of the impedance is improved.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the communication connection logic between a master control board and a slave control board of a module of the distributed wireless battery management system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery state variable frequency detection logic architecture of the distributed wireless battery management system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. In addition, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and thus the scope of the invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein.
In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the method provided by the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is described in detail by a specific embodiment, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step one: based on the high-frequency dynamic impedance measurement technology and the wireless communication technology, designing battery management system hardware to obtain a wireless battery management hardware system;
preferably, the wireless battery management hardware system is used for collecting battery dynamic impedance;
step one, the hardware system for wireless battery management includes: an initial master control board and an initial slave control board;
the initial main control board comprises: the device comprises a main control chip, a sampling module, a wireless communication module, an insulation diagnosis module, a CAN communication module, a driving control module, a power module, a programmable gain amplifier and a high-order digital isolation type analog-to-digital conversion chip;
the initial slave control board comprises a power supply module, a signal acquisition module and a wireless communication module.
Further, the main control chip is used for realizing a software function;
the wireless communication module is used for Bluetooth networking and realizing signal transmission between the master control board and the slave control board;
the insulation diagnosis module is used for the safety protection function of the main control board and prevents electric shock accidents;
the CAN communication module is used for communicating with the outside, and comprises a vehicle control unit or a vehicle-mounted T-BOX;
the drive control module is used for controlling the positive and/or negative relay and the thermal management system by outputting an external signal;
the power supply module is used for supplying power to the main control chip, and the electric energy is from a low-voltage power supply of the vehicle.
The programmable gain amplifier is used for increasing the voltage amplification factor to meet the range of the acquisition chip;
the high-order digital isolation type analog-digital conversion chip is used for collecting excitation voltage.
The mode of collecting the excitation voltage is an odd-bit and even-bit battery interval sampling mode;
the high-order digital isolation type analog-to-digital conversion chip is connected with the battery through a twisted pair.
Further, the battery information is mainly sampled from the slave control board, the sampling content comprises single battery voltage, temperature, impedance information in a specific frequency range and the like, and the system information is sampled from the master control board and comprises system voltage, system current and the like.
According to the invention, the programmable gain amplifier is designed to amplify the voltage, so that the influence of low voltage signal amplitude caused by low impedance of the large-capacity battery is further reduced; through the sampling mode of the odd-numbered batteries and the even-numbered batteries, crosstalk between adjacent batteries is avoided when dynamic impedance is generated; the form of twisted pair is connected with the battery to avoid the influence of the magnetic field fluctuation generated by high-frequency current on the voltage signal caused by overlong wire harness.
Furthermore, the main control chip is integrated with a dual-core structure, a protocol stack and an antenna module; the dual-core structure comprises a main core and a secondary core; the secondary core is used for running a wireless network protocol; the protocol stack is a special wireless BMS protocol stack of 2.4GHz frequency band (2402-2480 MHz); the main core is a real-time multitasking kernel TI-RTOS used for quick networking; the antenna module is used for improving communication stability;
the main control chip is a CC2642R-Q1 chip so as to realize wireless communication between the master board and the slave board; the main control chip is designed based on Arm Cortex-M4, and integrates a plurality of analog peripherals and a radio frequency subsystem.
The static power consumption of the communication chip of the wireless communication module is less than 100 mu A.
Preferably, the main functions of the wireless battery management hardware system include state monitoring, communication monitoring and diagnosis of battery units;
the state monitoring of the battery unit comprises the steps of sampling the voltage and the temperature of the battery piece and the total voltage and the current of the battery pack.
The invention adopts modularization to design hardware, and realizes the design of a dynamic impedance acquisition circuit, a distributed wireless sampling circuit, a main controller circuit, a power supply circuit, an on-board wireless communication circuit and a slave board wireless communication power supply circuit.
Step two: acquiring a specific frequency current signal output by a high-frequency current signal generator, inputting the specific frequency current signal into the wireless battery management hardware system in the step one, and outputting a voltage signal with a corresponding frequency;
obtaining dynamic impedance of the corresponding frequency based on the voltage signal of the corresponding frequency;
transmitting the dynamic impedance of the corresponding frequency back to the wireless battery management hardware system in a wireless communication mode to obtain an updated wireless battery management system;
preferably, the specific frequency current signal refers to a sine wave signal with a fixed amplitude and a specific frequency; the selection of the amplitude varies with battery capacity.
Further, the specific frequency current signal is a sinusoidal current signal with the amplitude of 1A and the frequency range of 10 Hz-100 Hz.
Preferably, the voltage signal with the corresponding frequency is input without load current in a wireless battery management hardware system, and is collected in a slave control board of the wireless battery management hardware system.
Preferably, the high-frequency current signal generator is an element independently designed by a power supply module or an improvement of an on-vehicle charger.
Step three: adopting a layered design structure to carry out software design on the updated wireless battery management system in the second step to obtain a distributed wireless battery management system;
preferably, the distributed wireless battery management system includes an application layer, a real-time operating environment layer, and a base software layer.
Further, the application layer is used for a functional algorithm of the distributed wireless battery management system; the functional algorithm comprises a power battery state estimation algorithm, a power battery physical model, a power battery dynamic impedance approximation algorithm, a power battery internal temperature prediction algorithm and a power battery fault diagnosis algorithm.
Further, the dynamic impedance approximation algorithm of the power battery is as follows: the method comprises the steps of taking dynamic impedance of corresponding frequency in a wireless battery management system as input, taking electrochemical impedance measured by an electrochemical workstation under the same condition as output, establishing a training set, a testing set and a verification set, and training a limit learning algorithm based on the training set, the testing set and the verification set to obtain a dynamic impedance approximation algorithm of the power battery, wherein the algorithm output is impedance, and the impedance is used for approximating the precision of the test impedance of the electrochemical workstation;
still further, the power battery internal temperature prediction algorithm is:
establishing a functional relation between dynamic impedance corresponding to a specific frequency current signal and the internal temperature of the power battery; the functional relation is a linear or nonlinear relation between dynamic impedance corresponding to a specific frequency current signal and the internal temperature of the power battery;
fitting the functional relation to obtain a prediction function of the dynamic impedance or phase value of the corresponding frequency in the power battery and the internal temperature of the battery; the fitting mode comprises an exponential function, a linear function or a piecewise interpolation function;
collecting and updating dynamic impedance or phase value of corresponding frequency of a slave control board of the wireless battery management system, inputting the prediction function, and carrying out inverse solution to obtain the internal temperature of the power battery;
further, the dynamic impedance is a functional relation with the internal temperature of the power battery, and the expression is:
wherein T is n To be the current signal frequency of the power batterynThe corresponding internal temperature of the power battery; n is the current signal frequency of the power battery; a is a molecular calibration parameter, b is a denominator calibration parameter;is the dynamic impedance corresponding to the current signal frequency n of the power battery.
Still further, the power battery fault diagnosis algorithm is: clustering analysis is carried out on the internal temperatures of a plurality of power batteries in the updated wireless battery management system by using a clustering algorithm based on density, outliers are judged, and then thermal runaway is judged in a threshold detection mode, so that a power battery fault diagnosis result is obtained;
the threshold detection may be a fixed threshold or may be a function of battery capacity or voltage or state of charge.
Further, the real-time running environment layer is used for providing basic communication services and supporting communication between the inside of the software component and the base software layer;
the basic software layer is continuously divided into a service layer, an electric control unit abstract layer, a microcontroller abstract layer and a complex driving layer through functions, and different layers realize protection of different functional modules.
Step four: designing a communication connection logic architecture and a battery state variable frequency detection logic architecture between a master control board and a slave control board of the distributed wireless battery management system;
preferably, the communication connection logic architecture specifically includes:
presetting a Bluetooth networking process time length; powering up a slave control board of the distributed wireless battery management system; broadcasting the communication address of the slave control board outwards through Bluetooth networking communication of the wireless communication module;
detecting whether a slave control board communication address is received by a main control board of the distributed wireless battery management system;
when the master control board receives the communication address of the slave control board, the master control board sends a first piece of connection information to the slave control board to indicate that connection is established;
when the master control board and the slave control board communicate for the first time, the slave control board checks whether connection is established with the master control board by verifying whether connection information exists; simultaneously, recording the duration of a Bluetooth networking process;
if the verification result shows that the connection is established, the connection between the master control board and the slave control board is successful;
if the verification result shows that the connection is not established, the master control board sends a verification code to the slave control board, the slave control board sends a reply verification code to the master control board, and after verification, the master control board records the communication address of the master control board;
if the slave control board detects that the connection between the master control board and the slave control board is established within the Bluetooth networking process duration range, the communication connection between the master control board and the slave control board is successful;
if the Bluetooth networking process duration is exceeded, reconnecting the master control board and the slave control board; as in fig. 1.
Further, the bluetooth networking process duration is 600ms.
Furthermore, the communication connection logic is a communication connection protocol between wireless modules, and is designed by adopting Bluetooth low energy consumption (BLE), and a protocol stack comprises a bottom layer core protocol and an application layer protocol;
the method comprises the following specific steps of formulating connection of a Bluetooth communication connection application layer protocol between a master control board and a slave control board according to a BLE bottom layer core protocol:
step a, presetting a Bluetooth networking process time length to be 600ms; after the slave control board in the distributed wireless battery management system is electrified, the communication address of the slave control board is always broadcasted outwards through Bluetooth networking communication of the wireless communication module;
step b, after the main control board receives the communication address of the slave control board, the main control board sends a first piece of connection establishment information to the slave control board so as to establish connection;
step c, when the master control board and the slave control board communicate for the first time, the slave control board preferentially checks whether connection is established with the master control board, and if the connection is not established, d is executed; if the connection is established, the communication connection between the master control board and the slave control board is successful;
step d, the master control board sends a PIN code to the slave control board for verification, then the slave control board sends a PIN code to the master control board, and after verification, the master control board records the address of the master control board for subsequent communication;
step e, using a timer to record the Bluetooth networking process time, and if the slave control board detects that the connection between the master control board and the slave control board is established in the timing range, successfully connecting the master control board and the slave control board in a communication way;
and (c) if the connection process time exceeds the preset Bluetooth networking time, returning to the step (b).
Preferably, the battery state variable frequency detection logic architecture specifically includes:
the slave control board of the distributed wireless battery management system performs data acquisition on the voltage, current and temperature information of the battery according to fixed frequency, obtains a battery data set and sends the battery data set to the master control board;
the main control board receives the data set in a low-frequency mode and judges whether the battery state of the slave control board is normal when the slave control board collects data;
if the battery state is judged to be normal, the main control board sends out an application for sending next frame data to the slave control board, the slave control board receives the application, and the starting step is returned to acquire the battery data set at the next moment again;
if the battery state is judged to be abnormal, a timing range is preset, the main control board starts timing, and in the timing range, whether a battery data set transmitted from the control board continuously reflects the abnormal state of the battery is judged;
the abnormal state comprises abnormal voltage sampling or leakage, lithium precipitation and electrolyte drying;
if the battery data set sent from the slave control board after timing is finished totally reflects the abnormal state of the battery, the master control board of the distributed wireless battery management system can be converted from a low-frequency receiving mode to a high-frequency receiving mode, fault codes are output to the VCU of the whole vehicle controller, and meanwhile, the master control board sends an application for sending the next frame data to the slave control board; as in fig. 2.
Further, the battery state variable frequency detection logic specifically includes:
step 1, monitoring and collecting voltage, current and temperature data of a battery by a slave control board at a frequency of 100HZ to obtain a battery data set;
step 2, the slave control board sends the battery data set to the main control board at the frequency of 100 HZ;
step 3, the main control board receives the battery data set sent by the slave control board at 50HZ frequency, judges whether abnormal values exist in the battery monitoring data, if so, executes the step 4, and if not, directly executes the step 6;
step 4, the main control board detects whether the duration of the abnormal value in the battery monitoring data sent by the slave control board exceeds 500ms, if so, the step 5 is executed, and if not, the step 6 is directly executed;
step 5, the main control board sends out fault codes and changes from a low-frequency receiving mode to a high-frequency receiving mode (100 HZ);
and 6, the main board sends out a next frame data request.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the communication connection logic architecture and the variable frequency monitoring logic architecture are deployed by using an AUTOSAR architecture.
Step five: and performing power battery management based on a communication connection logic architecture and a battery state variable frequency detection logic architecture between a master control board and a slave control board of the distributed wireless battery management system.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The power battery management method based on the active impedance test is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
step one: based on the high-frequency dynamic impedance measurement technology and the wireless communication technology, designing battery management system hardware to obtain a wireless battery management hardware system;
step two: acquiring a specific frequency current signal output by a high-frequency current signal generator, inputting the specific frequency current signal into the wireless battery management hardware system in the step one, and outputting a voltage signal with a corresponding frequency;
obtaining dynamic impedance of the corresponding frequency based on the voltage signal of the corresponding frequency;
transmitting the dynamic impedance of the corresponding frequency back to the wireless battery management hardware system in a wireless communication mode to obtain an updated wireless battery management system;
step three: adopting a layered design structure to carry out software design on the updated wireless battery management system in the second step to obtain a distributed wireless battery management system;
step four: designing a communication connection logic architecture and a battery state variable frequency detection logic architecture between a master control board and a slave control board of the distributed wireless battery management system;
step five: and performing power battery management based on a communication connection logic architecture and a battery state variable frequency detection logic architecture between a master control board and a slave control board of the distributed wireless battery management system.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein,
step one, the hardware system for wireless battery management includes: an initial master control board and an initial slave control board;
the initial main control board comprises: the device comprises a main control chip, a sampling module, a wireless communication module, an insulation diagnosis module, a CAN communication module, a driving control module, a power module, a programmable gain amplifier and a high-order digital isolation type analog-to-digital conversion chip;
the initial slave control board comprises a power supply module, a signal acquisition module and a wireless communication module.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein,
the specific frequency current signal is a sine wave signal with fixed amplitude and specific frequency.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein,
the distributed wireless battery management system comprises an application layer, a real-time running environment layer and a basic software layer;
the application layer comprises a functional algorithm of the distributed wireless battery management system; the functional algorithm comprises a power battery state estimation algorithm, a power battery physical model, a power battery dynamic impedance approximation algorithm, a power battery internal temperature prediction algorithm and/or a power battery fault diagnosis algorithm.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein,
the construction method of the dynamic impedance approximation algorithm of the power battery comprises the following steps: and taking the corresponding dynamic impedance of the frequency in the updated wireless battery management system as input, taking the electrochemical impedance measured by the electrochemical workstation under the same condition as output, establishing a training set, a testing set and a verification set, and training the limit learning machine algorithm based on the training set, the testing set and the verification set to obtain the dynamic impedance approximation algorithm of the power battery.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein,
the construction method of the power battery internal temperature prediction algorithm comprises the following steps:
establishing a functional relation between dynamic impedance corresponding to a specific frequency current signal and the internal temperature of the power battery;
and fitting the functional relation to obtain a prediction function of the corresponding dynamic impedance of the frequency in the power battery and the internal temperature of the battery.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein,
the dynamic impedance and the internal temperature of the power battery have a functional relation, and the expression is as follows:
wherein T is n For the current signal frequency of the power batterynThe corresponding internal temperature of the power battery; n is the current signal frequency of the power battery; a is a molecular calibration parameter, b is a denominator calibration parameter;is the dynamic impedance corresponding to the current signal frequency n of the power battery.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein,
the power battery fault diagnosis algorithm comprises the following steps: and performing cluster analysis on the internal temperatures of a plurality of power batteries in the updated wireless battery management system by using a density-based clustering algorithm, judging outliers, and judging whether the power batteries are out of order or not by using a threshold detection mode.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein,
the communication connection logic architecture specifically comprises:
presetting a Bluetooth networking process time length; powering up a slave control board of the distributed wireless battery management system; broadcasting the communication address of the slave control board outwards through Bluetooth networking communication of the wireless communication module;
detecting whether a slave control board communication address is received by a main control board of the distributed wireless battery management system;
when the master control board receives the communication address of the slave control board, the master control board sends a first piece of connection information to the slave control board to indicate that connection is established;
when the master control board and the slave control board communicate for the first time, the slave control board checks whether connection is established with the master control board by verifying whether connection information exists; simultaneously, recording the duration of a Bluetooth networking process;
if the verification result shows that the connection is established, the connection between the master control board and the slave control board is successful;
if the verification result shows that the connection is not established, the master control board sends a verification code to the slave control board, the slave control board sends a reply verification code to the master control board, and after verification, the master control board records the communication address of the master control board;
if the slave control board detects that the connection between the master control board and the slave control board is established within the Bluetooth networking process duration range, the communication connection between the master control board and the slave control board is successful;
and if the Bluetooth networking process duration is exceeded, reconnecting the master control board and the slave control board.
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