CN117521462A - Maturity-considered fruit shedding prediction finite element model construction method - Google Patents
Maturity-considered fruit shedding prediction finite element model construction method Download PDFInfo
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 276
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- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000008100 Ginkgo biloba Nutrition 0.000 description 6
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of harvesting of fruit trees in agriculture and forestry, in particular to a method for constructing a finite element model for predicting fruit shedding by considering maturity, which comprises the following steps: step 1, sampling a stem system of a studied forest fruit crop, wherein the stem system consists of fruits, stems and fruit branches connected with the stems; step 2, measuring structural material parameters of each part of the studied fruit stem system, and establishing a finite element model of the fruit stem system; step 3, a stress-strain curve of the fruit handle material is obtained by carrying out tensile test calculation on the fruit handle; and 4, when the maximum main stress of the grid cells of the separation layer in the vibration simulation process of the handle and fruit system reaches a set threshold value, the grid cells corresponding to the separation layer are automatically deleted, so that the separation and falling of fruits are realized. The invention can accurately predict the falling-off and separation conditions of the fruit under different vibration conditions and explore the vibration falling-off characteristics of the fruit at different mature stages, thereby better arranging the harvesting time and method and improving the harvesting efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of harvesting of fruit trees in agriculture and forestry, in particular to a method for constructing a finite element model for predicting fruit shedding by considering maturity.
Background
The vibration harvesting of the forest fruits is a mechanized harvesting mode which effectively reduces the harvesting cost. In the process of vibration harvesting of the forest fruits, the fruit trees finally transmit vibration energy to the fruits under forced vibration, so that the fruits are vibrated down. In order to optimize the structure and excitation parameters of the harvesting equipment, the vibration conditions required for fruit abscission and separation need to be explored. The way of vibration test of fruits can only describe the process of vibration separation of fruits macroscopically, but the micromechanics change of the fruits is difficult to obtain, and the method has limitations in designing the excitation condition of the test. As an alternative to the test, finite element numerical modeling is an effective tool to simulate the vibration characteristics of fruits. However, the existing modeling means does not simulate the fruit shedding and separating process well, and the shedding excitation condition of the fruit is difficult to obtain accurately. Therefore, there is a need for a modeling method for achieving fruit shedding separation that can simulate the response of fruit under various complex excitation conditions, providing an effective means for predicting whether fruit can shed under specific excitation conditions. And the influence of the fruit maturity on the shedding separation state is considered in the modeling process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a method for constructing a finite element model for predicting fruit shedding by considering maturity, which provides an effective means for predicting whether fruits can shed under specific excitation conditions.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for constructing a finite element model for predicting fruit shedding by considering maturity comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, sampling a stem system of a studied forest fruit crop, wherein the stem system consists of fruits, stems and fruit branches connected with the stems;
step 2, measuring structural material parameters of each part of the studied fruit stem system, and establishing a finite element model of the fruit stem system; constructing a fruit branch-fruit stem-fruit three-dimensional entity model through software Solidworks, introducing software Hypermesh, selecting interfaces corresponding to software LS-dyna for pretreatment, and carrying out explicit dynamics analysis modeling by using LS-dyna;
step 3, the model consists of three parts of fruit branches, fruit stems and fruits divided by entity units, wherein the three parts are connected by common nodes, the fruit branches and the fruits are set as rigid bodies, the fruit stems are set as flexible bodies, the material of the fruit stems is simplified to be an elastoplastic material, and a stress-strain curve of the fruit stem material is obtained by carrying out tensile test calculation on the fruit stems;
step 4, setting grid cells at the positions where the fruit stalks are connected with the fruits and the positions where the fruit stalks are connected with the fruit branches as separating layers, wherein the grid cells of the separating layers in the model belong to fruit stalk parts and are respectively the uppermost layer grid cell and the lowermost layer grid cell of the fruit stalks; the thicknesses of the grid units of the two separation layers are required to be as small as possible during division, the grid units of the separation layers are controlled by using an Erosion keyword in LS-dyna, a separation layer grid unit failure criterion is set to be the maximum principal stress failure, and when the maximum principal stress of the separation layer grid unit in the vibration simulation process of the handle fruit system reaches a set threshold value, the grid unit corresponding to the separation layer is automatically deleted, so that separation and falling of fruits are realized; and taking the maximum stress obtained in the handle and fruit system binding force test when the two connecting positions are broken and separated as a threshold value of maximum principal stress failure of the two separated grid cells in the model.
Preferably, in step 3, the step of stress-strain curve of the stem material is as follows:
connecting the handle and fruit system with a tension meter, wherein an upper clamp connected with the tension meter clamps fruit branches, a lower clamp limiting displacement clamps fruits, and the tension meter is pulled upwards slowly until the handle and fruit systems are separated, recording a dynamic change curve of the tension meter by a computer, and taking a maximum force value point on the curve;
if the initial test separation part is the joint of the fruit branch and the fruit stem, the maximum force point is the binding force between the fruit branch and the fruit stem; then testing the binding force between the fruit stalks and the fruits, and if the initial test separation part is the connection part of the fruit stalks and the fruits, determining the maximum force point as the binding force between the fruit stalks and the fruits; then testing the binding force between the fruit branch and the fruit stem, and calculating the maximum stress when the two connecting positions are broken and separated according to the binding force at the upper and lower connecting positions of the fruit stem and the cross sectional area of the broken positions at the two ends of the fruit stem;
wherein, maximum stress = bond force/cross-sectional area;
maximum stress of the connection position of the fruit branch and the fruit stem = binding force of the connection position of the fruit branch and the fruit stem/fracture cross-sectional area of the fruit branch and the fruit stem;
maximum stress at fruit stem to fruit connection location = fruit stem to fruit connection location cohesion/fruit stem to fruit break cross-sectional area.
Preferably, a gravity environment is applied in the model, excitation parameters are set, and the excitation parameters are applied to the fruit branch part in an acceleration or displacement mode, so that the motion response of the fruit under various excitation conditions is simulated, and the separation and falling of the fruit under what excitation conditions can be predicted, so that the optimal conditions are obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can accurately predict the falling off and separating conditions of the fruit under different vibration conditions.
2. The invention considers the influence of the maturity of the fruits on the falling separation state, and can explore the vibration falling characteristics of the fruits at different maturity stages, thereby better arranging the harvesting time and method and improving the harvesting efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fruit handling system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the testing of the bonding force between the fruit handling systems according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a test of intersystem binding force of ginkgo nuts in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a finite element model diagram of a ginkgo stalk system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the excitation of fruit branch displacement in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a result of vibration shedding separation simulation of ginkgo in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the advantages and features of the present invention, and thus the protection scope of the present invention is more clearly defined. The described embodiments of the present invention are intended to be only a few, but not all embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments that may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
A method for constructing a finite element model for predicting fruit shedding by considering maturity comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, sampling a stem system of a studied forest fruit crop, wherein the stem system consists of fruits, stems and fruit branches connected with the stems, as shown in fig. 1;
step 2, measuring structural material parameters of each part of the studied fruit stem system, and establishing a finite element model of the fruit stem system; constructing a fruit branch-fruit stem-fruit three-dimensional entity model through software Solidworks, introducing software Hypermesh, selecting interfaces corresponding to software LS-dyna for pretreatment, and carrying out explicit dynamics analysis modeling by using LS-dyna;
step 3, the model consists of three parts of fruit branches, fruit stems and fruits divided by entity units, wherein the three parts are connected by common nodes, the fruit branches and the fruits are set as rigid bodies, the fruit stems are set as flexible bodies, the material of the fruit stems is simplified to be an elastoplastic material, and a stress-strain curve of the fruit stem material is obtained by carrying out tensile test calculation on the fruit stems;
step 4, setting grid cells at the positions where the fruit stalks are connected with the fruits and the positions where the fruit stalks are connected with the fruit branches as separating layers, wherein the grid cells of the separating layers in the model belong to fruit stalk parts and are respectively the uppermost layer grid cell and the lowermost layer grid cell of the fruit stalks; the thicknesses of the grid units of the two separation layers are required to be as small as possible during division, the grid units of the separation layers are controlled by using an Erosion keyword in LS-dyna, a separation layer grid unit failure criterion is set to be the maximum principal stress failure, and when the maximum principal stress of the separation layer grid unit in the vibration simulation process of the handle fruit system reaches a set threshold value, the grid unit corresponding to the separation layer is automatically deleted, so that separation and falling of fruits are realized; and taking the maximum stress obtained in the handle and fruit system binding force test when the two connecting positions are broken and separated as a threshold value of maximum principal stress failure of the two separated grid cells in the model.
Specifically, in step 3, the step of stress-strain curve of the stem material is as follows:
the bonding force between the stem and fruit systems is tested, and considering that the positions of fruit falling and separating during vibration picking are different under different maturity of some woods, the bonding force between the stem and fruit systems is tested as shown in figure 2, wherein the positions possibly comprise the breakage of the connection part of fruit branches and fruit stems and the breakage of the connection part of fruit stems and fruits.
The initial test is as shown in fig. 2a, a fruit handling system is connected with a tension meter, wherein an upper clamp connected with the tension meter clamps fruit branches, a lower clamp limiting displacement clamps fruit, the tension meter is pulled upwards slowly until the fruit handling system is separated, a dynamic change curve of the tension meter is recorded by a computer, and a maximum force value point on the curve is taken;
if the initial test separation part is the joint of the fruit branch and the fruit stem, the maximum force point is the binding force between the fruit branch and the fruit stem; the binding force between the stalks and the fruits was then tested as shown in fig. 2b. If the initial test separation part is the connection part of the fruit stalks and the fruits, the maximum force point is the binding force between the fruit stalks and the fruits; the binding force between the fruit branches and the fruit stalks was then tested as shown in fig. 2c. And calculating the maximum stress when the two connecting positions are broken and separated according to the binding force of the upper connecting position and the lower connecting position of the fruit handle and the cross sectional area of the broken positions of the two ends of the fruit handle.
Wherein, maximum stress = bond force/cross-sectional area;
maximum stress of the connection position of the fruit branch and the fruit stem = binding force of the connection position of the fruit branch and the fruit stem/fracture cross-sectional area of the fruit branch and the fruit stem;
maximum stress at fruit stem to fruit connection location = fruit stem to fruit connection location cohesion/fruit stem to fruit break cross-sectional area.
Specifically, a gravity environment is applied in the model, excitation parameters are set, the gravity environment is applied to the fruit branch part in an acceleration or displacement mode, and the motion response of the fruit under various excitation conditions is simulated, so that the separation and falling of the fruit under what excitation conditions can be predicted, the optimal conditions are obtained, and technical guidance is provided for optimizing vibration harvesting equipment and the excitation parameters.
Examples:
in constructing the ginkgo fruit shedding prediction model, taking the maturity into consideration, selecting a research object of early maturity and late maturity, and testing the intersystem binding force of the fruits, as shown in figure 3.
The gingko stem fruit system in early maturity is characterized in that a fruit branch and a fruit stem are broken firstly in the tensile test process, and after the binding force between the fruit branch and the fruit stem is obtained, the binding force between the fruit stem and the fruit is continuously tested by the rest two parts of the stem fruit system. For the fruit stem system with advanced maturity, the terminal basal layer at the junction of the fruit stem and the fruit can be gradually lignified, and the fruit stem and the fruit can be separated under the action of small pulling force, so that the binding force between the fruit stem and the fruit is firstly obtained, and then the binding force between the fruit branch and the fruit stem is obtained. The binding force values of the two handle systems are shown in Table 1. And then calculating the maximum stress when the two connecting positions are broken and separated according to the binding force of the upper connecting position and the lower connecting position of the fruit handle and the cross sectional area of the broken positions of the two ends of the fruit handle.
TABLE 1 intersystem binding force of Ginkgo biloba stalks
The structural material parameters of each part of the fruit system under study were measured, and a finite element model of the fruit system was constructed as shown in fig. 4. The method comprises the steps of constructing a fruit branch-fruit stem-fruit three-dimensional entity model through software Solidworks, importing the model into software Hypermesh, selecting interfaces corresponding to software LS-dyna for pretreatment, and carrying out explicit dynamics analysis modeling by using the LS-dyna. The model consists of three parts of fruit branches, fruit stems and fruits divided by entity units, wherein the three parts are connected by common nodes. The fruit branches and fruits are set as rigid bodies, and the fruit stalks are set as flexible bodies. The material of the fruit stem is simply set to be an elastoplastic material. The stress-strain curve of the fruit stem material is calculated by carrying out a tensile test on the fruit stem. The grid cells at the positions where the fruit stalks are connected with the fruits and at the positions where the fruit stalks are connected with the fruits are set as separating layers, and the grid cells of the separating layers in the model belong to fruit stalk parts and are respectively the uppermost layer grid cell and the lowermost layer grid cell of the fruit stalks. The thickness of the grid cells of the two separate layers should be as small as possible when dividing. The grid cells of the separation layer are controlled by using an Erosion keyword in LS-dyna, a grid cell failure criterion of the separation layer is set to be the maximum principal stress failure, and when the maximum principal stress of the grid cells of the separation layer reaches a set threshold in the vibration simulation process of the handle and fruit system, the grid cells of the corresponding separation layer are automatically deleted, so that the separation and falling of fruits are realized. And taking the maximum stress obtained in the handle and fruit system binding force test when the two connecting positions are broken and separated as a threshold value of maximum principal stress failure of the two separation layer grid units in the model.
And (3) applying a gravity environment in the model, setting excitation parameters, applying the excitation parameters to the fruit branch part in a displacement mode, and enabling a displacement curve of the fruit branch to be horizontal as shown in fig. 5. The results of the vibration response simulation of the gingko with two maturity are shown in figure 6, gingko fruits in early maturity are vibrated off at 3.845s, and the separation part is the junction of fruit branches and fruit stalks, as shown in figure 6a. The ginkgo fruit in the late maturity stage is shaken off at the moment of 2.470s, and the separation part is the junction of the fruit stem and the fruit, as shown in figure 6b.
Based on the finite element models of the fruit stem systems with the two maturity, the vibration fruit drop condition of the gingko fruit stem systems with similar physical parameter performances under various vibration excitation parameters can be predicted, and whether the fruits can be separated by vibration falling under the corresponding parameters can be predicted only by changing the vibration excitation parameters applied to the fruit branches.
In summary, the invention can accurately predict the shedding and separating conditions of the fruit under different vibration conditions, considers the influence of the maturity of the fruit on the shedding and separating conditions, and can explore the vibration shedding characteristics of the fruit at different maturity stages, thereby better arranging the harvesting time and method and improving the harvesting efficiency.
The description and practice of the invention disclosed herein will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and may be modified and adapted in several ways without departing from the principles of the invention. Accordingly, modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are also to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for constructing a finite element model for predicting fruit shedding by considering maturity is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, sampling a stem system of a studied forest fruit crop, wherein the stem system consists of fruits, stems and fruit branches connected with the stems;
step 2, measuring structural material parameters of each part of the studied fruit stem system, and establishing a finite element model of the fruit stem system; constructing a fruit branch-fruit stem-fruit three-dimensional entity model through software Solidworks, introducing software Hypermesh, selecting interfaces corresponding to software LS-dyna for pretreatment, and carrying out explicit dynamics analysis modeling by using LS-dyna;
step 3, the model consists of three parts of fruit branches, fruit stems and fruits divided by entity units, wherein the three parts are connected by common nodes, the fruit branches and the fruits are set as rigid bodies, the fruit stems are set as flexible bodies, the material of the fruit stems is simplified to be an elastoplastic material, and a stress-strain curve of the fruit stem material is obtained by carrying out tensile test calculation on the fruit stems;
step 4, setting grid cells at the positions where the fruit stalks are connected with the fruits and the positions where the fruit stalks are connected with the fruit branches as separating layers, wherein the grid cells of the separating layers in the model belong to fruit stalk parts and are respectively the uppermost layer grid cell and the lowermost layer grid cell of the fruit stalks; the thicknesses of the grid units of the two separation layers are required to be as small as possible during division, the grid units of the separation layers are controlled by using an Erosion keyword in LS-dyna, a separation layer grid unit failure criterion is set to be the maximum principal stress failure, and when the maximum principal stress of the separation layer grid unit in the vibration simulation process of the handle fruit system reaches a set threshold value, the grid unit corresponding to the separation layer is automatically deleted, so that separation and falling of fruits are realized; and taking the maximum stress obtained in the handle and fruit system binding force test when the two connecting positions are broken and separated as a threshold value of maximum principal stress failure of the two separated grid cells in the model.
2. The method for constructing a fruit drop prediction finite element model taking maturity into consideration according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the step of stress-strain curve of the fruit stem material is as follows:
connecting the handle and fruit system with a tension meter, wherein an upper clamp connected with the tension meter clamps fruit branches, a lower clamp limiting displacement clamps fruits, and the tension meter is pulled upwards slowly until the handle and fruit systems are separated, recording a dynamic change curve of the tension meter by a computer, and taking a maximum force value point on the curve;
if the initial test separation part is the joint of the fruit branch and the fruit stem, the maximum force point is the binding force between the fruit branch and the fruit stem; then testing the binding force between the fruit stalks and the fruits, and if the initial test separation part is the connection part of the fruit stalks and the fruits, determining the maximum force point as the binding force between the fruit stalks and the fruits; then testing the binding force between the fruit branch and the fruit stem, and calculating the maximum stress when the two connecting positions are broken and separated according to the binding force at the upper and lower connecting positions of the fruit stem and the cross sectional area of the broken positions at the two ends of the fruit stem;
wherein, maximum stress = bond force/cross-sectional area;
maximum stress of the connection position of the fruit branch and the fruit stem = binding force of the connection position of the fruit branch and the fruit stem/fracture cross-sectional area of the fruit branch and the fruit stem;
maximum stress at fruit stem to fruit connection location = fruit stem to fruit connection location cohesion/fruit stem to fruit break cross-sectional area.
3. The method for constructing a finite element model for predicting fruit abscission in consideration of maturity according to claim 2, wherein gravity is applied to the model, excitation parameters are set, acceleration or displacement is applied to the fruit branch part, and the motion response of the fruit under various excitation conditions is simulated, so that the fruit is predicted under what excitation conditions to separate and abscission, and the optimal conditions are obtained.
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| US20060064197A1 (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2006-03-23 | Denso Corporation | Method and apparatus for designing rolling bearing to address brittle flaking |
| CN106599364A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-04-26 | 长春理工大学 | Finite element fluid solid coupling modeling and mode analyzing method of droplet penetrating micro cavity |
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| JUNMING HOU: "Anylysis of damage caused by drop impcts for mulberry fruits: An dropping experiment and numerical simulation", FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING, 14 March 2023 (2023-03-14), pages 1 - 8 * |
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