CN117519418A - Maximum power point tracking method executed by direct current electronic load - Google Patents
Maximum power point tracking method executed by direct current electronic load Download PDFInfo
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- CN117519418A CN117519418A CN202311651810.9A CN202311651810A CN117519418A CN 117519418 A CN117519418 A CN 117519418A CN 202311651810 A CN202311651810 A CN 202311651810A CN 117519418 A CN117519418 A CN 117519418A
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- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a maximum power point tracking method executed by a direct current electronic load, wherein the direct current electronic load continuously samples voltage signals of an output end of a photovoltaic module in a fixed period to obtain an open-circuit voltage value Voc; taking Voc which is a times as a first pulling load value in a constant voltage mode of the direct current electronic load, and reading a voltage value, a current value and a power value of an output end of the photovoltaic module after the pulling load is stable; taking Voc which is b times as a second pulling load value, reading a voltage value, a current value and a power value of an output end of the photovoltaic module after pulling load is stable, and calculating a voltage increment, a current increment and a power increment, wherein 0< b < a <1; and judging whether the photovoltaic module works at the maximum power point currently by utilizing a conductivity increment algorithm until the maximum power point is found. The invention performs operation by comparing the increment electric conductance and the instantaneous electric conductance output by the photovoltaic module, thereby enabling the photovoltaic module to always work in the maximum power state under different meteorological conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic module testing, and relates to a maximum power point tracking method executed by a direct current electronic load.
Background
With the increasing global interest in renewable energy sources, the China photovoltaic industry has gained significant development in recent years. As the largest photovoltaic market in the world, innovations and applications in the field of photovoltaic power generation in china have led to the world. The solar energy resources in China are very abundant, the territorial area suitable for photovoltaic power generation and the light receiving area of buildings are large, and according to the global photovoltaic potential distribution diagram issued by world banks, the region with the total area of more than 2/3 of China has good solar energy resources, the number of sunshine hours in a year is more than 2,000 hours, the annual radiation quantity is more than 5,000MJ/m < 2 >, and the development potential is huge. According to the data issued by the national energy agency, the newly installed capacity of the photovoltaic in China reaches 87.41GW in 2022 years, which is increased by 59.3% in the same ratio, and the photovoltaic in China is the first place in the world for 10 years continuously. This marks the rapid expansion of the scale of the photovoltaic industry in China and the increasing maturity of the market.
In the field of installation, many Photovoltaic (PV) devices, including photovoltaic panels and Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) modules, etc., require outdoor testing to verify the correctness, durability, and safety of their design. In general, one of the major items involved in outdoor photovoltaic testing is maximum power point tracking. However, since the electronic load is a general-purpose instrument, the photovoltaic test engineer needs a computer plus an electronic load to perform the maximum power point tracking algorithm. The main disadvantage of this approach is that there is unavoidable communication delay between the computer and the electronic load, and the time of data measurement easily exceeds several tens of milliseconds, affecting the tracking speed and accuracy. And secondly, the size and the weight of the test equipment are large, so that the outdoor use is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a maximum power point tracking algorithm very suitable for executing photovoltaic test through a direct current electronic load, which aims to solve the problem that the traditional direct current electronic load can not meet the outdoor test of a photovoltaic module, accelerates the response speed and improves the test precision.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a maximum power point tracking method executed by a direct current electronic load comprises the following steps:
(1) The direct current electronic load continuously samples voltage signals of the output end of the photovoltaic module in a fixed period to obtain an open-circuit voltage value Voc;
(2) Taking Voc which is a times as a first pulling load value Vset in a direct current electronic load constant voltage mode, and reading a voltage value Vp, a current value Ip and a power value Pp of an output end of the photovoltaic module after pulling load is stable; taking the Voc of b times as a second pulling load value Vset under a direct current electronic load constant voltage mode, reading a voltage value Vn, a current value In and a power value Pn of an output end of the photovoltaic module after pulling load is stable, and calculating a voltage increment V=Vn-Vp, a current increment I=in-Ip and a power increment P=Pn-Pp, wherein 0< b < a <1;
(3) Judging whether the photovoltaic module works at the maximum power point currently by utilizing an electric conduction incremental algorithm (ICE), and if so, maintaining a pull load value Vset under a constant voltage mode of the current direct current electronic load unchanged; if the photovoltaic module does not work at the maximum power point, a new pulling load value Vset under the constant voltage mode of the direct current electronic load is calculated by utilizing a conductivity increment algorithm, after pulling load is stable, vp=Vn, ip=in, pp=Pn is updated, a new voltage value Vn, a current value In and a power value Pn at the output end of the photovoltaic module are read, a new voltage increment is calculated, namely, V=vn-Vp, a current increment is equal to I=in-Ip, and a power increment is equal to P=Pn-Pp until the maximum power point is found.
Further, the pull-load stabilization implementation manner of the direct current electronic load constant voltage mode in the step (2) is as follows: and calculating the difference between the set value and the actual value in real time, and calculating the pulling load current by using a PID algorithm until the voltage is stabilized at the set value.
Further, the conductance increment algorithm in the step (3) is as follows:
v < = Vinc, while I = 0 indicates that the photovoltaic module is currently at the maximum power point; when I <0, the photovoltaic component works at the right side of the maximum power point, and when I >0, the photovoltaic component works at the left side of the maximum power point;
when V > Vinc, p=0 indicates that the photovoltaic module is currently at the maximum power point; P/-V <0 indicates that the photovoltaic module works at the left side of the maximum power point, and bar P/-V >0 indicates that the photovoltaic module works at the right side of the maximum power point; wherein Vinc represents the pull-up value adjustment step in the DC electronic load constant voltage mode, and Vset represents the pull-up value in the DC electronic load constant voltage mode.
Further, the method for obtaining the open circuit voltage value Voc in the step (1) is as follows: and a microcontroller in the direct current electronic load reads voltage and current signals of the positive and negative terminals at a timing of 2us, and calculates a voltage average value after accumulating for 100ms continuously, so as to obtain Voc.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a high-real-time, high-precision and rapid testing maximum power point tracking method based on a direct-current electronic load voltage-determining mode and combined with the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic module, and realizes that the outdoor performance test of the photovoltaic module can be completed by a single direct-current electronic load. After the method starts to be executed, the pulling load value Vset under the constant voltage mode of the direct current electronic load is continuously converted by monitoring the voltage, current and power changes of the output end of the photovoltaic module in real time until the maximum power point output by the photovoltaic module is found and is stabilized at the maximum power point until the test execution is completed.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of a maximum power point tracking method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a photovoltaic module I/V variation curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a conductance delta algorithm of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The principle of power generation of the photovoltaic module is that the photovoltaic effect of the semiconductor photodiode is utilized to convert solar light energy into electric energy, potential difference is formed, and current is generated. The test system for the photovoltaic test comprises a direct current electronic load and a tested photovoltaic module, wherein a direct current electronic load carrying terminal is directly connected to the output end of the tested photovoltaic module through a cable.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a maximum power point tracking method executed by a dc electronic load, including the following steps:
s1, continuously sampling voltage signals at the output end of a photovoltaic module by a direct current electronic load in a fixed period to obtain an open-circuit voltage value Voc;
s2, taking Voc which is a times as a first pulling load value Vset in a constant voltage mode of the direct current electronic load, and reading a voltage value Vp, a current value Ip and a power value Pp of an output end of the photovoltaic module after pulling load is stable; taking the Voc of b times as a second pulling load value Vset under a direct current electronic load constant voltage mode, reading a voltage value Vn, a current value In and a power value Pn of an output end of the photovoltaic module after pulling load is stable, and calculating a voltage increment V=Vn-Vp, a current increment I=in-Ip and a power increment P=Pn-Pp, wherein 0< b < a <1;
according to test data, the maximum power point of the single-chip photovoltaic module is about 0.75 times of the open-circuit voltage value Voc, so that a and b can respectively select 0.9 and 0.75 as starting points of an algorithm so as to find the maximum power point more quickly.
S3, judging whether the photovoltaic module works at a maximum power point currently by using an electric conduction incremental algorithm (ICE), and if so, maintaining a pull load value Vset under a current direct current electronic load constant voltage mode unchanged; if not, a new pull-load value Vset under a constant voltage mode of the direct current electronic load is calculated by using a conductance incremental algorithm (ICE), after the pull-load is stable, vp=Vn, ip=in, pp=Pn is updated, a new voltage value Vn, a current value In and a power value Pn at an output end of the photovoltaic module are read, a new voltage increment v=vn-Vp is calculated, a current increment I=in-Ip and a power increment P=Pn-Pp are calculated until a maximum power point is found.
In the step S1, the dc electronic load has a voltage and current measurement function in addition to the energy band load, in this embodiment, the microcontroller in the dc electronic load is timed to 2us (the output characteristic of the photovoltaic module is affected by environmental factors and is easy to mutate, 2us is used to ensure high-speed data acquisition and improve real-time performance), reads the voltage and current signals of the positive and negative terminals, and adds up the voltage and current signals continuously for 100ms (100 ms mean filtering is used to ensure data reliability), and calculates the average value, thereby obtaining the Voc of the embodiment.
For example, as shown in fig. 2, where Voc is an open-circuit voltage (output voltage when no load is connected), isc is a short-circuit current (output current when short-circuit is connected), pmax is a power value at a maximum power point, vm and Im are voltage currents corresponding to the maximum power point, respectively, and let Voc be 500V, isc be 10A, and the adjustment step size Vinc of the pull-load value Vset in the direct-current electronic load constant-voltage mode is 1V each time.
In this embodiment, in the step S2, the pull-load values Vset in the dc electronic load constant voltage mode are respectively: after stable pulling load, the voltage of the output end of the photovoltaic module is read by a direct current electronic load to obtain vp=450V, current ip=2A and power pp=900W, wherein the voltage is 0.9 times of Voc, namely 450V; after stable pulling load, which is 375V, which is 0.75 times Voc, the direct current electronic load reads the voltage at the output end of the photovoltaic module to obtain vn=375v, in=4a, pn=1500w, and calculates increment v=vn-vp= -75V, i=in-ip=2, p=pn-pp=600.
The method for calculating the pull-load value Vset in the new constant voltage mode by using the conductance incremental algorithm (ICE) in the step S3 is as follows:
according to the logic of the flowchart shown in fig. 3, V is greater than Vinc, P is not equal to 0 and P/-V is less than 0, and the output power of the photovoltaic device is at the right side of the maximum power point, so that the photovoltaic device should be moved to the left, and the new pull-up value Vset in the dc electronic load constant voltage mode is 375+1=376V.
Assuming that a maximum power point is found after a period of adjustment, when the output voltage Vm measured by the dc electronic load at the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module is 400V and the output current Im is 3A, vp=vm, ip=im, pp=vp=ip, when the solar light is weakened, which results In weakening of the current output capability of the photovoltaic module, the output voltage vn=400V of the photovoltaic module measured by the dc electronic load, the output current in=2a, the output power pn=vn=in=800W, the calculated voltage increment v=0 (because the dc electronic load is In a constant voltage mode), the voltage p=400, the voltage increment i=1, according to the logic of the flowchart, the voltage increment V is equal to 0, the current increment I is not equal to 0 and is less than 0, and when the output power of the photovoltaic module is at the left side of the maximum power point, the current is correspondingly moved to the right, the new pull value et under the constant voltage mode is 400-1=vs399V.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that other variations, modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.
Claims (4)
1. The maximum power point tracking method executed by the direct current electronic load is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) The direct current electronic load continuously samples voltage signals of the output end of the photovoltaic module in a fixed period to obtain an open-circuit voltage value Voc;
(2) Taking Voc which is a times as a first pulling load value Vset in a direct current electronic load constant voltage mode, and reading a voltage value Vp, a current value Ip and a power value Pp of an output end of the photovoltaic module after pulling load is stable; taking the Voc of b times as a second pulling load value Vset under a direct current electronic load constant voltage mode, reading a voltage value Vn, a current value In and a power value Pn of an output end of the photovoltaic module after pulling load is stable, and calculating a voltage increment V=Vn-Vp, a current increment I=in-Ip and a power increment P=Pn-Pp, wherein 0< b < a <1;
(3) Judging whether the photovoltaic module works at the maximum power point currently by utilizing a conductivity increment algorithm, and if so, maintaining the pulling load value Vset of the current direct current electronic load in a constant voltage mode unchanged; if the photovoltaic module does not work at the maximum power point, a new pulling load value Vset under the constant voltage mode of the direct current electronic load is calculated by utilizing a conductivity increment algorithm, after pulling load is stable, vp=Vn, ip=in, pp=Pn is updated, a new voltage value Vn, a current value In and a power value Pn at the output end of the photovoltaic module are read, a new voltage increment is calculated, namely, V=vn-Vp, a current increment is equal to I=in-Ip, and a power increment is equal to P=Pn-Pp until the maximum power point is found.
2. The method for tracking the maximum power point of the dc electronic load according to claim 1, wherein the pull-load stabilization of the dc electronic load constant voltage mode in the step (2) is implemented as follows: and calculating the difference between the set value and the actual value in real time, and calculating the pulling load current by using a PID algorithm until the voltage is stabilized at the set value.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the conductance delta algorithm in step (3) is as follows:
v < = Vinc, while I = 0 indicates that the photovoltaic module is currently at the maximum power point; when I <0, the photovoltaic component works at the right side of the maximum power point, and when I >0, the photovoltaic component works at the left side of the maximum power point;
when V > Vinc, p=0 indicates that the photovoltaic module is currently at the maximum power point; P/-V <0 indicates that the photovoltaic module works at the left side of the maximum power point, and bar P/-V >0 indicates that the photovoltaic module works at the right side of the maximum power point; wherein Vinc represents the pull-up value adjustment step in the DC electronic load constant voltage mode, and Vset represents the pull-up value in the DC electronic load constant voltage mode.
4. The method for tracking the maximum power point of a dc electronic load according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method for obtaining the open circuit voltage Voc in the step (1) is: and a microcontroller in the direct current electronic load reads voltage and current signals of the positive and negative terminals at a timing of 2us, and calculates a voltage average value after accumulating for 100ms continuously, so as to obtain Voc.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012208725A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-25 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN105892552A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-08-24 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Photovoltaic module MPPT algorithm based on global scanning and quasi-gradient disturbance observation method |
| CN205594495U (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-21 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Photovoltaic module MPPT controlling means |
| CN113934251A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-01-14 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Multi-peak MPPT algorithm based on equal power curve method |
| CN116931646A (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-10-24 | 扬州大学 | Photovoltaic MPPT control system based on fuzzy-PID two-stage control algorithm |
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- 2023-12-04 CN CN202311651810.9A patent/CN117519418B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012208725A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-25 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN105892552A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-08-24 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Photovoltaic module MPPT algorithm based on global scanning and quasi-gradient disturbance observation method |
| CN205594495U (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-21 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Photovoltaic module MPPT controlling means |
| CN113934251A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-01-14 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Multi-peak MPPT algorithm based on equal power curve method |
| CN116931646A (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-10-24 | 扬州大学 | Photovoltaic MPPT control system based on fuzzy-PID two-stage control algorithm |
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