CN117516764A - In-phase feedback excitation method and system for vibrating wire sensor - Google Patents
In-phase feedback excitation method and system for vibrating wire sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an in-phase feedback excitation method and system of a vibrating wire sensor, comprising the following steps: first, the frequency of the sine wave signal is measured to obtain the vibration frequency of the oscillation signal generated by the vibrating wire sensor. Then, by a phase adaptive compensation algorithm, a phase delay between an excitation signal and an oscillation signal of the vibrating wire sensor due to filtering or the like is calculated from the measured vibration frequency. The sending time of the excitation signal of the next period can be determined according to the calculated phase delay, and when the detection time reaches the sending time, the sine wave excitation signal with the same frequency and the same phase is generated according to the vibration frequency to excite the vibrating wire sensor, so that the phase difference between the excitation signal and the sensor oscillation signal is eliminated. The vibration amplitude of the vibrating wire sensor in the detection process can be prevented from weakening by the circulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement by adopting electricity or magnetism, in particular to an in-phase feedback excitation method and system of a vibrating wire sensor.
Background
The vibrating wire sensor is a resonant sensor with a tensioned metal wire as a sensing element. After the length of the string is determined, the change of the natural vibration frequency of the string can be used for representing the tension of the string, and an electric signal which has a certain relation with the tension can be obtained through a corresponding measuring circuit. With the development of the structure monitoring technology, the vibration wire sensor acquisition is gradually developed from static acquisition to dynamic acquisition.
Patent application publication No. CN106802161A discloses an excitation method of a vibrating wire sensor, and specifically discloses that an optimal excitation method is selected from a plurality of high-voltage pulse excitation methods and a plurality of low-voltage pulse excitation methods according to excitation voltage conditions for measurement.
However, in this technical solution, a filter amplifier is provided to amplify and filter the vibration signal of the collected vibrating wire sensor, and a low frequency scanning circuit is provided to output excitation. And the introduction of the filter amplifier and the low-frequency scanning circuit can cause a larger phase delay of the finally read vibration signal. When the phase delay is in a certain interval, the generated excitation voltage can cause the vibration amplitude generated by the vibrating wire sensor to be gradually reduced, and finally the vibrating wire sensor is caused to stop oscillating.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides an in-phase feedback excitation method and system for a vibrating wire sensor, which can eliminate the direct phase difference between an excitation signal and a sensor oscillation signal and avoid the weakening of the oscillation amplitude of the vibrating wire sensor. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, there is provided a method for in-phase feedback excitation of a vibrating wire sensor, in a first implementation manner of the first aspect, the method includes:
acquiring a voltage signal fed back by the vibrating wire sensor under the action of an excitation pulse in the previous period, and measuring the voltage signal to obtain the vibration frequency of an oscillating signal generated by the vibrating wire sensor;
calculating phase delay between an excitation signal and an oscillation signal of the vibrating wire sensor by adopting a phase self-adaptive compensation algorithm according to the vibration frequency, and determining the excitation pulse sending moment of the next period through the phase delay;
when the detection time reaches the sending time of the excitation pulse, the vibration wire sensor is excited by the excitation signal with the same frequency and phase according to the vibration frequency.
With reference to the first implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second implementation manner of the first aspect, measuring the voltage signal includes:
filtering and amplifying the voltage signal fed back by the vibrating wire sensor to convert the voltage signal into a sine wave voltage signal with small harmonic wave;
shaping the sine wave voltage signal into a rectangular wave signal with the same frequency and the same amplitude;
and carrying out frequency measurement on the rectangular wave signal to obtain the vibration frequency.
With reference to the first implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third implementation manner of the first aspect, the phase adaptive compensation algorithm includes:
adopting a corresponding phase delay function, and respectively calculating the phase delay corresponding to the circuit units applied to each link in the excitation process according to the vibration frequency;
and calculating the phase delay between the excitation signal and the oscillation signal by combining the phase delays corresponding to the circuit modules.
With reference to the third implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fourth implementation manner of the first aspect, the circuit unit includes a filtering and amplifying unit for filtering and amplifying the voltage signal, and a smoothing filtering unit for smoothing and filtering the excitation signal.
With reference to the fourth implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fifth implementation manner of the first aspect, the filtering and amplifying module is a second-order butterworth filter.
In a second aspect, there is provided an in-phase feedback excitation system of a vibrating wire sensor, in a first possible implementation of the second aspect, comprising:
the frequency measurement module is configured to acquire a voltage signal fed back by the vibrating wire sensor under the action of the excitation pulse of the previous period, and measure the voltage signal to obtain the vibration frequency of an oscillating signal generated by the vibrating wire sensor;
the excitation compensation module is configured to calculate phase delay between an excitation signal and an oscillation signal of the vibrating wire sensor by adopting a phase self-adaptive compensation algorithm according to the vibration frequency, and determine the excitation pulse sending time of the next period through the phase delay;
when the detection time reaches the sending time of the excitation pulse, the vibration wire sensor is excited by the excitation signal with the same frequency and phase according to the vibration frequency.
With reference to the first implementation manner of the second aspect, in a second implementation manner of the second aspect, the frequency measurement module includes:
the filtering and amplifying unit is configured to filter and amplify the voltage signal fed back by the vibrating wire sensor so as to convert the voltage signal into a sine wave voltage signal with small harmonic wave;
a signal shaping unit configured to shape the sine wave voltage signal into a rectangular wave signal of the same frequency and the same amplitude;
and the frequency measuring unit is configured to measure the rectangular wave signal and obtain the vibration frequency.
With reference to the second implementation manner of the second aspect, in a third implementation manner of the second aspect, the filtering amplifying unit performs filtering with a second-order butterworth filter.
With reference to the first implementation manner of the second aspect, in a fourth implementation manner of the second aspect, the excitation compensation module includes:
the compensation calculation unit is configured to calculate the phase delay by adopting a phase self-adaptive compensation algorithm according to the vibration frequency, and determine the excitation pulse sending time of the next period through the phase delay;
the excitation generation unit is configured to generate sine wave digital signals with the same frequency and the same phase according to the vibration frequency when the detection time reaches the excitation pulse sending time;
an analog-to-digital conversion unit configured to convert the sine wave digital signal into an analog voltage signal;
and the power amplification and filtering unit is configured to perform power amplification and smoothing filtering on the analog voltage signal and output a corresponding excitation signal to excite the vibrating wire sensor.
With reference to the fourth implementation manner of the second aspect, in a fifth implementation manner of the second aspect, the power amplification filtering unit uses an LC low-frequency filter for filtering.
The beneficial effects are that: by adopting the method and the system for in-phase feedback excitation of the vibrating wire sensor, the vibration frequency of the oscillating signal generated by the vibrating wire sensor under the action of the excitation signal of the previous period can be obtained by carrying out frequency measurement on the sine wave signal. The phase delay between the excitation signal and the oscillation signal of the vibrating wire sensor caused by filtering and the like can be calculated according to the measured vibration frequency through a phase self-adaptive compensation algorithm. The transmission time of the excitation signal of the next cycle can be determined from the calculated phase delay. When the detection time reaches the sending time, the sine wave excitation signals with the same frequency and the same phase can be generated according to the vibration frequency to excite the vibrating wire sensor, so that the phase difference between the excitation signals and the sensor oscillation signals is eliminated. The vibration amplitude of the vibrating wire sensor in the detection process can be prevented from weakening by the circulation. .
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described. Throughout the drawings, the elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to actual scale.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a vibrating wire sensor in-phase feedback excitation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vibrating wire sensor in-phase feedback excitation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a comparison of a voltage signal, a sine wave signal, a rectangular wave signal, and an excitation signal.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and thus are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
A flow chart of a vibrating wire sensor in-phase feedback excitation method as shown in fig. 1, the excitation method comprising:
step 1, acquiring a sine wave signal generated by a vibrating wire sensor under the action of an excitation signal in the previous period, and performing frequency measurement on the sine wave signal to obtain the vibration frequency of the vibrating wire sensor;
step 2, calculating phase delay between an excitation signal and an oscillation signal of the vibrating wire sensor by adopting a phase self-adaptive compensation algorithm according to the vibration frequency, and determining the sending moment of the excitation signal of the next period through the phase delay;
when the detection time reaches the sending time of the excitation pulse, the vibration wire sensor is excited by the excitation signal with the same frequency and phase according to the vibration frequency.
Specifically, the vibrating wire sensor generates a corresponding voltage signal under the action of an excitation signal, and the voltage signal is subjected to filtering and amplifying treatment to obtain a sine wave signal. First, the frequency measurement can be performed on the sine wave signal, so as to obtain the vibration frequency of the oscillation signal generated by the vibrating wire sensor under the action of the excitation signal in the previous period. Then, a phase delay between the excitation signal and the oscillation signal of the vibrating wire sensor due to filtering or the like can be calculated from the measured vibration frequency by a phase adaptive compensation algorithm.
The sending time of the excitation signal of the next period can be determined according to the calculated phase delay, and when the detection time reaches the sending time, the sine wave excitation signal with the same frequency and the same phase can be generated according to the vibration frequency to excite the vibrating wire sensor, so that the phase difference between the excitation signal and the sensor oscillation signal is eliminated. The vibration amplitude of the vibrating wire sensor in the detection process can be prevented from weakening by the circulation.
In this embodiment, optionally, in step 1, performing frequency measurement on the sine wave signal includes: the sine wave signal is shaped into a rectangular wave signal with the same frequency and the same amplitude. Specifically, before the sine wave signal is measured, the sine wave signal can be shaped by a signal shaping circuit, so that the sine wave is converted into a rectangular wave signal with the same frequency and the same amplitude, and the frequency measurement can be performed subsequently.
In this embodiment, optionally, the phase adaptive compensation algorithm includes:
adopting a corresponding phase delay function, and respectively calculating phase delays corresponding to all links in the excitation process according to the vibration frequency;
and calculating the phase delay between the excitation signal and the oscillation signal by combining the phase delays corresponding to all links.
Specifically, when calculating the phase delay between the excitation signal and the oscillation signal, the phase delay caused by each link may be calculated according to the phase delay function corresponding to all links that cause the phase delay in the excitation process based on the measured vibration frequency. For example, the phase delay caused by the voltage signal filtering and amplifying link can be calculated through a phase delay function corresponding to the filtering and amplifying link. And finally, combining phase delays corresponding to all links causing delay, and calculating the phase delay between the excitation signal and the oscillation signal.
In this embodiment, optionally, the phase adaptive compensation algorithm includes:
a phase delay function corresponding to a filtering and amplifying link of the voltage signal and a phase delay function corresponding to a smoothing and filtering link of the excitation signal.
Specifically, the phase adaptive compensation algorithm includes a phase delay function corresponding to a voltage signal filtering and amplifying link and a phase delay function corresponding to a smoothing and filtering link of an excitation signal. The filter which can be adopted in the filtering and amplifying link of the voltage signal is a second-order Butterworth filter, and the corresponding phase delay function is as follows:
wherein alpha is a constant, omega 0 For cut-off frequency ω=2pi f x ，f x Is the vibration frequency.
In this embodiment, the filter adopted in the filtering and amplifying link of the voltage signal needs to be a low-pass filter, so the phase delay function corresponding to the filtering and amplifying link of the voltage signal is:
the smoothing filter link of the excitation signal can adopt an LC low-frequency filter, and the corresponding phase delay function is as follows:
wherein R is the coil resistance of the vibrating wire sensor, L is the inductance of the LC low-frequency filter, and C is the capacitance of the LC low-frequency filter.
Finally, phase delay functions corresponding to all links can be fused, and the phase delay between the excitation signal and the oscillation signal is calculated, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
it should be understood that the present embodiment is only exemplified by the filtering and amplifying step of the voltage signal and the smoothing and filtering step of the excitation signal, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and may also include calculating the phase delays of other steps in the excitation process. It should also be understood that the present embodiment is only exemplified by a second order butterworth filter, LC low frequency filter, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and other filters, and their corresponding phase delay functions, are also possible.
As shown in fig. 3, after calculating the phase delay between the excitation signal and the oscillation signal, the sending time of the excitation signal of the next period may be determined according to the initial time, the vibration frequency and the phase delay of the sine wave signal generated under the action of the excitation signal of the previous period, which specifically includes:
t 3 ＝t 2 +Δt 1 ；
Δt 1 ＝T-Δt 0 ；
wherein T is the sine wave signal period, deltat 0 To delay the phase between the excitation signal and the oscillation signal, t 2 To obtain the starting time of the second period of the sine wave signal, t 3 Is the transmission time of the excitation signal.
When the detection time reaches the transmission time t 3 When the frequency is f x And the excitation signal in phase with the oscillation signal excites the vibrating wire sensor to generate vibration, so that the phase difference between the excitation signal and the sensor oscillation signal is eliminated.
A system schematic diagram of a vibrating wire sensor in-phase feedback excitation system as shown in fig. 2, the excitation system comprising:
the filtering and amplifying module is configured to filter and amplify a voltage signal generated by the vibrating wire sensor under the action of an excitation signal in the previous period to obtain a sine wave signal with smaller harmonic wave;
the self-adaptive compensation module is configured to perform frequency measurement on the sine wave signal to obtain the vibration frequency of the vibrating wire sensor and obtain the vibration frequency of the vibrating wire sensor;
calculating phase delay between an excitation signal and an oscillation signal of the vibrating wire sensor by adopting a phase self-adaptive compensation algorithm according to the vibration frequency, and determining the sending moment of the excitation pulse of the next period through the phase delay;
when the detection time reaches the sending time, the self-adaptive compensation module generates an excitation digital signal with the same frequency and phase according to the vibration frequency;
an analog-to-digital conversion module configured to convert the excitation digital signal to an analog voltage signal;
and the power amplification and filtering module is configured to perform power amplification and smoothing filtering on the analog voltage signal.
Specifically, the excitation system comprises a filtering and amplifying module, an adaptive compensation module, an analog-to-digital conversion module and a power amplifying and filtering module. The filtering and amplifying module can filter and amplify a voltage signal generated by the vibrating wire sensor under the action of an excitation signal in the previous period to obtain a sine wave signal with smaller harmonic wave. The self-adaptive compensation module can measure the frequency of the sine wave signal, so that the vibration frequency of the oscillating signal generated by the vibrating wire sensor is obtained.
The self-adaptive compensation module can be calculated according to the vibration frequency, and phase delay between the excitation signal and the oscillation signal of the vibrating wire sensor is caused by the filtering and amplifying module, the power amplifying and filtering module and the like, so that the sending time of the excitation pulse of the next period is determined, and the phase difference between the excitation signal and the oscillation signal of the sensor is eliminated.
When the detection time reaches the sending time of the next period excitation pulse, the self-adaptive compensation module can immediately output an excitation digital signal with the same frequency and phase as the oscillation signal. The analog-to-digital conversion module can convert the excitation digital signal output by the adaptive compensation module into an analog voltage signal. The analog voltage signal is transmitted to the vibrating wire sensor coil after being amplified and smoothed by the power amplifying and filtering module, and the vibrating wire sensor is excited to vibrate. The vibration amplitude of the vibrating wire sensor in the detection process can be prevented from weakening by the circulation.
In this embodiment, optionally, the filtering amplification module includes a second order butterworth filter. The Butterworth filter has flat amplitude-frequency characteristics, and is suitable for application requirements of different types of vibrating wire sensors with wider working frequencies. Meanwhile, the second-order Butterworth filter is simple and reliable to realize, and the stop band attenuation can also meet the requirements
In this embodiment, optionally, the second order butterworth filter is a low pass filter. In this way, the effects of high frequency harmonics in the excitation signal and high frequency noise in the line can be filtered out.
In this embodiment, optionally, the vibration sensor further includes a signal shaping module configured to convert the sine wave signal into a constant-amplitude rectangular wave signal with the same frequency, and the adaptive compensation module performs frequency measurement on the constant-amplitude rectangular wave signal to obtain the vibration frequency of the vibration wire sensor.
Specifically, after the voltage signal obtained from the vibrating wire sensor is processed by the filtering and amplifying module, the filtering and amplifying module can send the sine wave signal obtained by processing to the signal shaping module, and the signal shaping module can shape the sine wave signal into a constant-amplitude rectangular wave signal with the same frequency so as to facilitate the subsequent self-adaptive supplementing module to measure the frequency.
In this embodiment, optionally, the adaptive compensation module includes:
the frequency measurement unit is configured to perform frequency measurement on the sine wave signal to obtain the vibration frequency of the vibrating wire sensor;
the phase compensation unit is configured to calculate the phase delay between the excitation signal and the oscillation signal of the vibrating wire sensor by adopting a phase self-adaptive compensation algorithm according to the vibration frequency, determine the sending time of the next period excitation pulse through the phase delay, and generate an excitation digital signal with the same frequency and the same phase according to the vibration frequency when the detection time reaches the sending time;
and the excitation control unit is configured to control the working time sequence of the frequency measurement unit and the phase compensation unit.
Specifically, the adaptive compensation module includes a frequency measurement unit, a phase compensation unit, and an excitation control unit. The frequency measuring unit can measure the frequency of the rectangular wave output by the signal shaping module to obtain the vibration frequency of the oscillating signal generated by the vibrating wire sensor. The excitation control unit may control operation timings of the phase compensation unit and the frequency measurement unit.
The phase compensation unit can calculate according to the vibration frequency measured by the frequency measurement unit by adopting the phase self-adaptive compensation algorithm, and the phase delay generated between the oscillation signal and the excitation signal is caused by the filtering and amplifying module, the power amplifying and filtering module and the like, and the sending time of the excitation signal of the next period is determined according to the phase delay. When the detection time reaches the transmission time of the excitation signal, the phase compensation unit immediately generates an excitation digital signal which is in phase with the oscillation signal and has the same frequency.
In this embodiment, optionally, the power amplification filtering module includes an LC low frequency filter.
Specifically, after the digital excitation signal generated by the phase compensation unit is converted into an analog voltage signal by the analog-to-digital conversion module, the analog voltage signal can be smoothly filtered by a passive filter such as an LC filter because the excitation signal requires a certain power. The analog voltage signal after smooth filtering can excite the vibrating wire sensor coil, so that the magnetic force is generated to drive the steel wire inside the vibrating wire sensor to generate resonance for detection.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description.
Claims (10)
1. An in-phase feedback excitation method of a vibrating wire sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring a sine wave signal generated by a vibrating wire sensor under the action of an excitation signal in the previous period, and performing frequency measurement on the sine wave signal to obtain the vibration frequency of the vibrating wire sensor;
calculating phase delay between an excitation signal and an oscillation signal of the vibrating wire sensor by adopting a phase self-adaptive compensation algorithm according to the vibration frequency, and determining the sending moment of the excitation signal of the next period through the phase delay;
when the detection time reaches the sending time of the excitation signal, the excitation signal with the same frequency and phase is generated according to the vibration frequency to excite the vibrating wire sensor.
2. The vibrating wire sensor in-phase feedback excitation method of claim 1, wherein performing frequency measurements on a sine wave signal comprises: the sine wave signal is shaped into a rectangular wave signal with the same frequency and the same amplitude.
3. The vibrating wire sensor in-phase feedback excitation method of claim 1, wherein the phase adaptive compensation algorithm comprises:
adopting a corresponding phase delay function, and respectively calculating phase delays corresponding to all links in the excitation process according to the vibration frequency;
and calculating the phase delay between the excitation signal and the oscillation signal by combining the phase delays corresponding to all links.
4. A vibrating wire sensor in-phase feedback excitation method according to claim 3, wherein the phase adaptive compensation algorithm comprises:
a phase delay function corresponding to a filtering and amplifying link of the voltage signal and a phase delay function corresponding to a smoothing and filtering link of the excitation signal.
5. An in-phase feedback excitation system for a vibrating wire sensor, comprising:
the filtering and amplifying module is configured to filter and amplify a voltage signal generated by the vibrating wire sensor under the action of an excitation signal in the previous period to obtain a sine wave signal with smaller harmonic wave;
the self-adaptive compensation module is configured to perform frequency measurement on the sine wave signal to obtain the vibration frequency of the vibrating wire sensor and obtain the vibration frequency of the vibrating wire sensor;
calculating phase delay between an excitation signal and an oscillation signal of the vibrating wire sensor by adopting a phase self-adaptive compensation algorithm according to the vibration frequency, and determining the sending moment of the excitation signal of the next period through the phase delay;
when the detection time reaches the sending time, the self-adaptive compensation module generates an excitation digital signal with the same frequency and phase according to the vibration frequency;
an analog-to-digital conversion module configured to convert the excitation digital signal to an analog voltage signal;
and the power amplification and filtering module is configured to perform power amplification and smoothing filtering on the analog voltage signal.
6. The vibrating wire sensor in-phase feedback excitation system of claim 5, wherein the filter amplification module comprises a second order butterworth filter.
7. The vibrating wire sensor in-phase feedback excitation system of claim 6, wherein the second order butterworth filter is a low pass filter.
8. The vibrating wire sensor in-phase feedback excitation system of claim 5, further comprising a signal shaping module configured to convert the sine wave signal into a constant amplitude rectangular wave signal of the same frequency, the adaptive compensation module performing frequency measurements on the constant amplitude rectangular wave signal to obtain the vibration frequency of the vibrating wire sensor.
9. The vibrating wire sensor in-phase feedback excitation system of claim 5, wherein the adaptive compensation module comprises:
the frequency measurement unit is configured to perform frequency measurement on the sine wave signal to obtain the vibration frequency of the vibrating wire sensor;
the phase compensation unit is configured to calculate the phase delay between the excitation signal and the oscillation signal of the vibrating wire sensor by adopting a phase self-adaptive compensation algorithm according to the vibration frequency, determine the sending time of the next period excitation pulse through the phase delay, and generate an excitation digital signal with the same frequency and the same phase according to the vibration frequency when the detection time reaches the sending time;
and the excitation control unit is configured to control the working time sequence of the frequency measurement unit and the phase compensation unit.
10. The vibrating wire sensor in-phase feedback excitation system of claim 5, wherein the power amplification filter module comprises an LC low frequency filter.
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