CN117516689A - Shock wave acceleration measuring sensor and method based on viscous liquid and mass block - Google Patents
Shock wave acceleration measuring sensor and method based on viscous liquid and mass block Download PDFInfo
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
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- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 polydimethylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H5/00—Measuring propagation velocity of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. of pressure waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P1/00—Details of instruments
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/03—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses by using non-electrical means
- G01P15/032—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses by using non-electrical means by measuring the displacement of a movable inertial mass
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shock wave acceleration measuring sensor and a shock wave acceleration measuring method based on viscous liquid and a mass block, and aims to solve the problems that the existing shock wave acceleration measuring method is greatly influenced by the strength of a measured object, the structure of a measuring device is complex, and parasitic effects are serious under a strong impact environment. The sensor consists of a packaging shell, a fixed disc, viscous liquid, an open-pore quality sliding block and a movable bolt. The perforated quality slide block is positioned in the packaging shell, the fixed disc, the perforated quality slide block and the packaging shell are coaxially arranged, and viscous liquid fills the residual space in the packaging shell; the fixed disc is fixed at the right end of the packaging shell through a movable bolt. And after the impact load is loaded, according to the sliding distance of the open-pore mass slide block, the loading time is combined, so that the rapid quantitative passive measurement of the impact wave acceleration is realized. The sensor has the advantages of simple structure, strong anti-interference capability and high measurement precision, can be used for measuring the shock wave acceleration of different intensity levels, and has simple and accurate measurement method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of measurement and detection, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring shock wave acceleration, in particular to a sensor and a method for measuring shock wave acceleration by using viscous liquid and a mass block.
Background
At present, with the development of science and technology and weaponry, shock waves are often generated in some specific scenes, and are one of main factors for damaging personnel, equipment and protective structures, so the method has an important role in the fields of aerospace experiments, military technology, seismic detection and the like for shock wave measurement, shock wave acceleration is a transient motion parameter generated by shock wave load acting on a target, is a key for evaluating the dynamic response intensity of the structure and the damage power of a shock wave field, and therefore, related research aiming at shock wave acceleration measurement is becoming a research hot spot.
The traditional shock wave acceleration measuring method comprises an equivalent target plate method, an equivalent pressure tank method, an equivalent biological experiment method and the like, wherein the equivalent target plate or the equivalent pressure tank and the like are placed in an explosion field before a test, and the shock wave acceleration is judged according to the damage degree of a test object after the test. The principle of the method is simple, but the damage degree of the test object is difficult to accurately grade, so that the shock wave acceleration can only be roughly judged. With the development of sensor technology and electronic measurement technology, an electrical measurement method for shock wave acceleration test is gradually rising, and compared with a traditional test method, the electrical measurement method can completely record the whole process of impact load action, and relevant parameters such as shock wave acceleration and the like can be obtained more accurately through further processing of measured data.
Currently, the acceleration sensor mainly adopted in the shock wave electrical measurement method comprises the following three types of piezoresistive acceleration sensors, piezoelectric acceleration sensors and capacitive acceleration sensors. The piezoresistive acceleration sensor is a sensing element manufactured according to the piezoresistive effect of a semiconductor material, has the advantages of wide measuring range, easiness in signal processing, good linearity and the like, and is suitable for static measurement; the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is made of materials with piezoelectric effect, and is characterized in that output charges are mainly converted into corresponding voltage values, a signal processing circuit is connected to a charge amplifier, and input impedance of the circuit is high. Although the piezoelectric acceleration sensor has good stability and excellent dynamic characteristics, is widely applied to the explosion impact fluctuation state measurement, but has the problems of sensitivity to acceleration inertial load, difficult calibration and the like; the capacitive acceleration sensor mainly applies acceleration to the inertial mass block and the fixed electrode to change the relative displacement of the inertial mass block and the fixed electrode, so as to change the capacitance value, and the measured acceleration value is obtained according to the change amount of the capacitance.
In summary, the existing shock wave acceleration sensor has at least the following technical problems:
1. the parasitic effect of the force sensitive elements of the piezoresistive acceleration sensor and the piezoelectric acceleration sensor in severe environments such as high temperature, strong light, strong mechanical vibration and the like is serious, the working performance of the sensor can be seriously interfered, and meanwhile, the manufacturing process of the piezoresistive acceleration sensor and the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is relatively complex.
2. Under the high impact environment, the linearity of the capacitive acceleration sensor is poor, which directly affects the accuracy of measured data, and the signal processing circuit is relatively complex compared with other acceleration sensors, so that the application range is not wide.
The silicone oil is used as a typical viscous liquid material, is an important product in the organosilicon industry, has wide application prospect, can be used as an antifoaming agent, a lubricant, a release agent and the like in daily life, can be directly used as a medicament, and is an effective gastrointestinal gas eliminator and a Chinese medicinal preparation auxiliary material. The common types of silicone oil are diethyl silicone oil and polydimethylsiloxane, the diethyl silicone oil and the polydimethylsiloxane have similar performances, have the advantages of heat resistance, electrical insulation, weather resistance, hydrophobicity, physiological inertia and the like, and can be used as special materials in aerospace and military technical departments, but due to complex conditions of a shock wave field and high-temperature high-pressure gas products, the propagation rule of shock waves in viscous liquid such as silicone oil is difficult to obtain, so that the viscous liquid is difficult to be used for measuring shock wave acceleration, and no publication relates to the preparation of a shock wave acceleration measuring sensor by using the viscous liquid.
Because the viscous liquid is very difficult to directly measure the shock wave acceleration, no relevant report exists on the preparation of a shock wave acceleration measuring sensor by adopting the viscous liquid and an open-pore mass block at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the shock wave acceleration measuring sensor and the method based on the viscous liquid and the mass block are provided, the problems that the existing shock wave acceleration measuring method is greatly influenced by the strength of a measured object, is easily influenced by temperature, has a complex structure of a measuring device and the like are solved, and the defects that the existing acceleration sensor has serious parasitic effect and relatively complex manufacturing process under a strong impact environment are overcome. The sensor has the characteristics of low cost, simple structure, strong anti-interference capability, quick arrangement, convenient post result processing, high measurement precision and the like, can be used for measuring the shock wave acceleration of different intensity levels, and provides a new reference choice for measuring the shock wave acceleration. The measuring method is to convert the shock wave into the relative displacement of the mass block by utilizing the relative displacement of viscous liquid and the mass block, thereby realizing the rapid quantitative passive measurement of the shock wave acceleration.
The invention consists of a packaging shell, a fixed disc, viscous liquid, an open-pore quality sliding block and a movable bolt. Defining the right end of the packaging shell close to the fixed disc, and the left end of the packaging shell far away from the fixed disc; the perforated quality slide block is positioned in the packaging shell, and the fixed disc, the perforated quality slide block and the packaging shell are coaxially arranged, so that the viscous liquid fills the residual space in the packaging shell; the fixed disc is fixed at the right end of the packaging shell through the movable bolt, and packages the right end face of the packaging shell.
The packaging shell is cylindrical, and the outer diameter D of the packaging shell 1 Satisfy 0.01m<D 1 <0.5m, wall thickness t 1 Satisfy 0.001m<t 1 <0.1m, inner diameter d 1 Satisfy d 1 ＝D 1 -2t 1 Length L 1 Satisfy 0.01m<L 1 <2m, the thickness t of the bottom of the left end of the packaging shell 2 Satisfy 0.005m<t 2 <0.1m, the axial length of the inner space of the packaging shell is l 1 Satisfy l 1 ＝L 1 -t 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 4 first screw holes are processed at the right end of the packaging shell, and the center of the first screw holes is at a distance r from the center of the end face of the packaging shell 1 Satisfy r 1 ＝(t 1 +d 1 ) 2, diameter phi of first screw hole 11 Satisfy 0.003m<φ 11 <t 1 First screw hole depth l 2 Satisfy 0.005m<l 2 <And 0.1m, and the fixed disc is inserted into the first screw hole through the movable bolt to be fixedly connected with the right end face of the packaging shell. 4 second screw holes are processed on the left end face of the packaging shell, and the center of each second screw hole is distant from the center of the end face of the packaging shell by a distance r 2 Satisfy r 2 ＝r 1 Second screw hole diameter phi 12 Satisfy 0.003m<φ 12 <t 1 Second screw hole depth l 3 Satisfy 0.002m<l 3 <0.5t 2 The packaging shell is fixed through connection of the second screw holes and the fixed object. The packaging shell is provided with an opening quality slide block, and the opening quality slide block freely slides in the packaging shell without friction; package housing material yield strength sigma 1 >200MPa, density ρ 1 >1g/cm 3 The basic principle is that the package housing does not generate plastic deformation when being subjected to external impact.
The fixed disc is used for packaging the right end face of the packaging shell, and the diameter is D 1 Satisfy 0.01m<D 1 <0.5m, thickness t 2 Satisfy 0.005m<t 2 <0.1m; 4 screw through holes are processed on the fixed disk, and the distance between the centers of the screw through holes and the circle center O' of the right end face of the fixed disk is equal to r 1 The diameter of the screw through hole is phi 11 Diameter is equal to phi 11 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The two end surfaces of the fixed disc are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis OO' of the packaging shell; the fixed disc is inserted into the first screw hole through the movable bolt and is fixedly connected with the right end face of the packaging shell; the fixed disc is made of the same material as the packaging shell.
The viscous liquid provides additional damping for the open-pore mass slide block, is nontoxic and odorless, has excellent physical characteristics and good chemical stability; the viscosity of the viscous liquid is proper, the dynamic viscosity is 100 mPas < eta <1000 mPas at 25 ℃, the viscous liquid with excellent physicochemical properties such as polydimethylsiloxane, diethyl silicone and the like can be used for filling the packaging shell, the relative density of the polydimethylsiloxane is 0.970-0.980, and the dynamic viscosity is 450-950 mPas at 25 ℃. The relative density of the diethyl silicone oil is 0.95-1.060, and the dynamic viscosity eta is 400-870 mPa.s at 25 ℃.
The relative displacement before and after the movement of the open-pore mass slide block is used for representing the shock wave acceleration, the open-pore mass slide block is disc-shaped, and the outer diameter is equal to d 1 The center of the open-pore mass slide block is provided with a through hole with the diameter d 2 ，d 2 Satisfy 0.005m<d 2 <0.1m. The thickness of the open-pore mass slide block is t 3 Satisfy 0.002m<t 3 <0.1m; the two end faces of the open-pore quality slide block are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the packaging shell, the outer side face of the open-pore quality slide block is smooth, and when no viscous liquid exists in the packaging shell, the open-pore quality slide block can freely slide in the packaging shell without friction; the slide block with the open pore quality is made of a metal material, and the material requirement meets the following conditions: yield strength sigma 4 >200MPa, density ρ 4 >2g/cm 3 。
Viscous liquid and open-cell mass slider mechanism of action: when the testing device is subjected to impact load, the viscous liquid and the mass block can obtain different movement speeds, so that the viscous liquid and the mass block can move along the impact direction at different speeds, and the impact wave acceleration can be obtained through the impact load action time and the sliding distance between the impact load action time and the opening mass slide block before and after the impact load action, so that the measuring device can be used for quantitative measurement of the impact wave acceleration.
The method for measuring the shock wave acceleration by using the shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquid and mass blocks comprises the following steps:
the first step, shock wave acceleration measurement preparation, the method is:
1.1, coaxially installing a fixed disc, an open-pore quality sliding block and a packaging shell; adding viscous liquid into the residual space in the packaging shell;
1.2, ensuring that viscous liquid in the packaging shell does not leak;
1.3, integrally fixing a shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquid and a mass block on a bracket, and ensuring that a shock wave field and the normal line of the end surface of the shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on the viscous liquid and the mass block are positioned on the same straight line as much as possible, wherein the lower end of the bracket is fixed on the ground or a heavier support;
1.4 measuring the distance x between the right end face of the open-pore quality slide block and the left end face of the fixed disk 1 The length of the right end face of the open-pore quality slider from the left end face of the fixed disc is recorded.
The second step, measuring the shock wave acceleration, the method is:
2.1 when the shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on the viscous liquid and the mass block is acted by the impact load, the viscous liquid and the open-pore mass slide block obtain different particle speeds, and the viscous liquid and the open-pore mass slide block respectively move leftwards at different speeds;
2.2, recording the movement time of the open-pore mass slide block as delta t;
2.3 measuring the distance x between the right end face of the open-pore mass slide block and the left end face of the fixed disk after the impact load is over 2 Interpretation by using a graduated scale to obtain x 2 During interpretation, the end face of the slider with the open pore quality is ensured to be parallel to the left end face of the packaging shell;
2.4 calculating the displacement Δx of the open-cell mass slide in the axial direction, Δx=x 2 -x 1 ；
2.5 calculating the shock wave acceleration a according to the displacement deltax and the movement time deltat:thereby realizing the rapid passive quantitative measurement of the shock wave acceleration; wherein m is the mass of the open-pore mass slide block; n is the shear flow index of the viscous liquid, k is the viscosity coefficient of the viscous liquid, the shear flow index can be obtained by fitting the shear stress and shear rate curve of the viscous liquid, and the viscosity coefficient can be obtained by testing by a rheometer; a is that 1 Alpha and beta are parameters of the open-cell mass slide block material, and the yield strength sigma 4 >200MPa, density ρ 4 >2g/cm 3 The material of (2) may be A 1 ＝0.1069，α＝0.6917、β＝-0.2751。
The invention can achieve the following technical effects:
1. according to the measuring method, the shock wave acceleration is calculated by measuring the displacement deltax of the open-pore mass sliding block and combining the movement time deltat of the sliding block, so that the quantitative measurement of the shock wave acceleration is completed.
2. The viscous liquids with different viscosities and the mass blocks with different opening diameters are selected to form the shock wave acceleration sensor with the shock wave acceleration-opening mass blocks with various specifications, so that the accurate measurement of the shock wave acceleration with different intensities is realized.
3. The sensor has the characteristics of simple structure, high strength, strong anti-interference capability, no power supply, no parasitic effect, convenient arrangement and use, simple and visual result, low use cost, repeated use and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of a shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquid and a mass according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an axial sectional view of a shock wave acceleration measuring sensor according to the present invention based on a viscous liquid and a mass before being loaded with a shock load.
Fig. 3 is an axial cross-section of a shock wave acceleration measuring sensor according to the present invention based on viscous liquid and a mass, loaded with shock load.
Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the package housing 1.
Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the fixed disk 2.
Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional schematic of the open-cell mass slide 4.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. packaging a shell, fixing a disc, enabling viscous liquid to be 3, opening a mass sliding block, and enabling a bolt to move 5.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description for those skilled in the art to understand and practice the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of a shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquid and a mass according to the present invention. The invention consists of a packaging shell 1, a fixed disc 2, viscous liquid 3, an open-pore mass slide block 4 and a movable bolt 5, and is placed in a shock wave field generated by an explosion source 6. Defining the right end of the encapsulation shell 1 close to the fixed disc 2, and the left end of the encapsulation shell 1 far away from the fixed disc 2; the perforated quality slide block 4 is positioned in the packaging shell 1, and the fixed disc 2, the perforated quality slide block 4 and the packaging shell 1 are coaxially arranged; the viscous liquid 3 fills the residual space in the packaging shell 1, the viscous liquid 3 provides additional damping for a test system, and can be selected from the viscous liquids such as polydimethylsiloxane, diethyl silicone oil and the like, the relative density range is 0.970-1.100, the refractive index range is 1.390-1.410, and the viscous liquid is colorless, transparent, nontoxic and odorless, has electrical insulation performance and heat resistance, has a solidifying point of minus 59 ℃, and can be used for a long time within the temperature range of minus 50 ℃ to plus 200 ℃. Meanwhile, the viscosity of the viscous liquid is proper, and the dynamic viscosity at 25 ℃ is 100 mPas < eta <1000 mPas; the fixed disc 2 is fixed at the right end of the packaging shell 1 through a movable bolt 5, and packages the right end face of the packaging shell 1.
Fig. 2 is an axial sectional view of the shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquid and mass according to the present invention before being loaded with shock load, and fig. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the package housing 1. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the package housing 1 isCylindrical, outer diameter D of package 1 1 Satisfy 0.01m<D 1 <0.5m, wall thickness t 1 Satisfy 0.001m<t 1 <0.1m, inner diameter d 1 Satisfy d 1 ＝D 1 -2t 1 Length L 1 Satisfy 0.01m<L 1 <2m, the bottom thickness t of the left end of the packaging shell 1 2 Satisfy 0.005m<t 2 <0.1m, the axial length of the inner space of the packaging shell 1 is l 1 Satisfy l 1 ＝L 1 -t 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 4 first screw holes 11 are processed at the right end of the packaging shell 1, and the center of the first screw holes 11 is at a distance r from the center of the end face of the packaging shell 1 1 Satisfy r 1 ＝(t 1 +d 1 ) 2 diameter phi of the first screw hole 11 11 Satisfy 0.003m<φ 11 <t 1 First screw hole 11 depth l 2 Satisfy 0.005m<l 2 <The fixed disc 2 is inserted into the first screw hole 11 through the movable bolt 5 to be connected and fixed with the right end face of the packaging shell 1 by 0.1m. 4 second screw holes 12 are processed on the left end face of the packaging shell 1, and the center of the second screw holes 12 is away from the center distance r of the end face of the packaging shell 1 2 Satisfy r 2 ＝r 1 The second screw hole 12 diameter phi 12 Satisfy 0.003m<φ 12 <t 1 Second screw hole 12 depth l 3 Satisfy 0.002m<l 3 <0.5t 2 The package housing 1 is fixed by the connection of the second screw hole 12 with the fixture. The packaging shell 1 is loaded with the open-pore mass slide block 4, and the open-pore mass slide block 4 freely slides in the packaging shell 1 without friction; material yield strength sigma of package housing 1 1 >200MPa, density ρ 1 >1g/cm 3 The basic principle is that the package body 1 does not undergo plastic deformation when subjected to an external impact. 4 movable bolts 5 are respectively inserted into 4 first screw holes 11 for connecting the package housing 1 and the fixed disk 2, and the diameter of the threaded portion of the movable bolt 5 is equal to phi 11 The length of the threaded part of the movable bolt 5 is l 4 Satisfy l 4 ＝l 2 +t 2 . The material requirements of the movable bolt 5 are as follows: yield strength sigma 5 >200MPa, density ρ 5 >1g/cm 3 So that the movable bolt 5 does not generate plastic deformation when being subjected to external impactShape.
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a fixed disk 2, the fixed disk 2 being used for sealing the right end face of the casing 1, the diameter being equal to D 1 Thickness t 2 Satisfy 0.005m<t 2 <0.1m; 4 screw through holes 21 are processed on the fixed disc 2, and the distance between the center of the screw through holes 21 and the circle center O' of the right end face of the fixed disc 2 is equal to r 1 The diameter of the screw through hole 21 is equal to phi 11 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The two end surfaces of the fixed disc 2 are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis OO' of the packaging shell 1; the fixed disc 2 is inserted into a first screw hole 11 through a movable bolt 5 and is fixedly connected with the right end face of the packaging shell 1; the fixed disk 2 is made of the same material as the package case 1.
Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic view of an open-cell mass slide 4, in the shape of a disc. The relative displacement of the open-pore mass slide 4 before and after movement is used for representing the shock wave acceleration, and the outer diameter of the open-pore mass slide 4 is equal to d 1 A through hole 41 is dug in the center of the open-pore mass slide block 4, and the diameter of the through hole 41 is d 2 ，d 2 Satisfy 0.005m<d 2 <0.1m. The thickness of the open-pore mass slide block 4 is t 3 Satisfy 0.002m<t 3 <0.1m; the two end faces of the open-pore quality slide block 4 are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the packaging shell 1, the outer side face of the open-pore quality slide block 4 is smooth, and when no viscous liquid 3 exists in the packaging shell 1, the open-pore quality slide block 4 can freely slide in the packaging shell 1 without friction; the open-pore quality slider 4 is made of metal materials, and the material requirements are satisfied: yield strength sigma 4 >200MPa, density ρ 4 >2g/cm 3 。
The effect of the invention will be described in the following by way of an example, in which the material of the package 1 is 6061 aluminum with a density of 2.75g/cm 3 The yield strength is 240MPa, and the outer diameter D of the packaging shell 1 1 0.024m, wall thickness t 1 0.006m, inner diameter d 1 Length L of package 1 is 0.012m 1 0.1m, the bottom thickness t of the left end of the packaging shell 1 2 Satisfying 0.006m;
4 first screw holes 11 are processed at the right end of the packaging shell 1, and the center of the first screw holes 11 is at a distance r from the center of the end face of the packaging shell 1 1 At 0.009m, the diameter phi of the first screw hole 11 11 0.004m, the first screw hole 11 depth l 2 Is 0.006m. 4 second screw holes 12 are processed on the left end face of the packaging shell 1, and the center of the second screw holes 12 is away from the center distance r of the end face of the packaging shell 1 2 Is 0.009m, the diameter phi of the second screw hole 12 12 Meets 0.004m, and the depth l of the second screw hole 12 3 Satisfying 0.003m, the package body 1 is fixed by connection of the second screw hole 12 with the fixture. The movable bolt 5 is made of structural steel with the density of 7.85g/cm 3 The yield strength is 390mpa,4 movable bolts 5 are respectively inserted into 4 first screw holes 11 for connecting the package housing 1 and the fixed disk 2, the diameter of the threaded portion of the movable bolt 5 is equal to 0.004m, and the length of the threaded portion of the movable bolt 5 is 0.012m. The fixed disc 2 is made of the same material as the packaging shell 1, the diameter is equal to 0.024m, the thickness is 0.006m, 4 screw through holes 21 are processed on the fixed disc 2, the distance between the center of the screw through holes 21 and the center O' of the right end face of the fixed disc 2 is equal to 0.009m, and the diameter of the screw through holes 21 is equal to 0.004m. The slide block 4 with open pore mass is made of 6061 aluminum with the density of 2.75g/cm 3 The yield strength is 240MPa; the viscous liquid 3 material is selected from polydimethylsiloxane, the relative density range is 0.973, and the dynamic viscosity is 500 mPa.s; the open-pore quality slide block 4 is made of the same material as the packaging shell 1, the outer diameter is equal to 0.012m, a through hole 41 is dug in the center of the open-pore quality slide block 4, and the diameter of the through hole 41 is d 2 Equal to 0.006m. Thickness t of open-pore mass slide 4 3 Equal to 0.004m.
The method for measuring the shock wave acceleration by adopting the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the first step, shock wave acceleration measurement preparation, the method is:
1.1, coaxially installing a fixed disc 2, an open-pore quality sliding block 4 and a packaging shell 1; adding viscous liquid 3 to fill the residual space in the packaging shell 1;
1.2, ensuring that the viscous liquid 3 in the packaging shell 1 has no liquid leakage phenomenon;
1.3, integrally fixing a shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquid and a mass block on a bracket, and ensuring that a shock wave field and the normal line of the end surface of the shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on the viscous liquid and the mass block are positioned on the same straight line as much as possible, wherein the lower end of the bracket is fixed on the ground or a heavier support;
1.4 measuring the distance x between the right end surface of the open-pore mass slide block 4 and the left end surface of the fixed disk 2 1 Equal to 0.008m, i.e. the length of the right end face of the open-cell mass slider 4 from the left end face of the fixed disk 2 is recorded (e.g. x in fig. 2 1 Shown).
The second step, measuring the shock wave acceleration, the method is:
2.1 when the shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on the viscous liquid and the mass block is acted by the impact load, the viscous liquid 3 and the open-pore mass slide block 4 obtain different particle speeds, and the viscous liquid 3 and the open-pore mass slide block 4 respectively move leftwards at different speeds;
2.2 recording the movement time of the open-pore mass slide 4 to be deltat equal to 0.003s;
2.3 after the impact load is applied, measuring the distance x between the right end face of the open-pore mass slide block 4 and the left end face of the fixed disc 2 2 Interpretation by using a graduated scale to obtain x 2 Equal to 0.039m, the end face of the open-pore quality slide block 4 and the left end face of the packaging shell are ensured to be parallel during interpretation;
2.4 calculating the displacement Δx=x of the open-cell mass slide 4 in the axial direction 2 -x 1 Equal to 0.031m; fig. 6 is an axial cross-sectional view of the present invention after loading with an impact load. As shown in fig. 6, after the impact load is loaded from the right end fixed disc 2 to the left end, the position of the open-pore mass slide block 4 moves leftwards, namely the distance between the open-pore mass slide block 4 and the left end face of the package shell 1 is reduced, and the distance between the open-pore mass slide block 4 and the fixed disc 2 before the impact load is loaded is x through vernier caliper interpretation 1 (see FIG. 2), the open-cell mass slide 4 is spaced from the fixed disk 2 by a distance x after impact loading 2 The relative displacement of the open-cell mass 4 before and after sliding is deltax=x 2 -x 1 。
2.5 calculating the shock wave acceleration a to be equal to 398.86m/s according to the displacement of 0.0031m and the movement time of 0.003s 2 ，Thereby realizing punchingQuick passive quantitative measurement of shock acceleration; wherein m is equal to 0.93g, which is the mass of the open-pore mass slide block 4; n is equal to 0.5, and is the shear flow index of the viscous liquid 3, k is equal to 48, and is the viscosity coefficient of the viscous liquid 3, wherein the shear flow index can be obtained by fitting the shear stress and the shear rate curve of the viscous liquid, and the viscosity coefficient can be obtained by a rheometer; a is that 1 Alpha and beta are material parameters of the open-pore mass slide block 4, and A is preferable for 6061 aluminum 1 ＝0.1065，α＝0.3561、β＝-0.2744。
The above embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure and the size of the device can be correspondingly adjusted according to actual needs. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on the viscous liquid and the mass block is characterized by comprising a packaging shell (1), a fixed disc (2), the viscous liquid (3), an open-pore mass sliding block (4) and a movable bolt (5), and being placed in a shock wave field generated by an explosion source (6); defining the right end of the packaging shell (1) close to the fixed disc (2), and the left end of the packaging shell (1) far away from the fixed disc (2); the open-pore quality sliding block (4) is positioned in the packaging shell (1), and the fixed disc (2), the open-pore quality sliding block (4) and the packaging shell (1) are coaxially installed; the viscous liquid (3) fills the residual space in the packaging shell (1), the viscous liquid (3) provides additional damping for a test system, the relative density of the viscous liquid (3) is required to be in the range of 0.970-1.100, and the dynamic viscosity of the viscous liquid (3) at 25 ℃ is 100 mPas < eta <1000 mPas; the fixed disc (2) is fixed at the right end of the packaging shell (1) through a movable bolt (5) and packages the right end face of the packaging shell (1);
the packaging shell (1) is cylindrical, and the outer diameter of the packaging shell (1) is D 1 Wall thickness t 1 An inner diameter d 1 Length L 1 The thickness of the bottom of the left end of the packaging shell (1) is t 2 Packaging shell [ ]1) The axial length of the inner space is l 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 4 first screw holes (11) are processed at the right end of the packaging shell (1), and the center distance between the first screw holes (11) and the center of the end face of the packaging shell (1) is r 1 The diameter of the first screw hole (11) is phi 11 The first screw hole (11) has a depth of l 2 The fixed disc (2) is inserted into the first screw hole (11) through the movable bolt (5) and is fixedly connected with the right end face of the packaging shell (1); 4 second screw holes (12) are processed on the left end face of the packaging shell (1), and the center distance between the second screw holes (12) and the center of the end face of the packaging shell (1) is r 2 The diameter of the second screw hole (12) is phi 12 The second screw hole (12) has a depth of l 3 The packaging shell (1) is fixed through the connection of the second screw hole (12) and the fixed object; the packaging shell (1) is provided with an opening quality sliding block (4), and the opening quality sliding block (4) freely slides in the packaging shell (1) without friction; the material of the packaging shell (1) meets the condition that the packaging shell (1) does not generate plastic deformation when being subjected to external impact; the 4 movable bolts (5) are respectively inserted into the 4 first screw holes (11) and are used for connecting the packaging shell (1) and the fixed disc (2), and the material requirement of the movable bolts (5) meets the condition that the movable bolts (5) do not generate plastic deformation when being subjected to external impact;
the fixed disc (2) is used for packaging the right end face of the packaging shell (1), and the diameter is equal to D 1 Thickness t 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 4 screw through holes (21) are formed in the fixed disc (2); the two end surfaces of the fixed disc (2) are parallel and perpendicular to the axle wire OO' of the packaging shell (1); the fixed disc (2) is inserted into the first screw hole (11) through the movable bolt (5) and is fixedly connected with the right end face of the packaging shell (1); the fixed disc (2) is made of the same material as the packaging shell (1);
the open-pore quality sliding block (4) is disc-shaped; the relative displacement of the open-pore mass slide block (4) before and after the movement is used for representing the shock wave acceleration, and the outer diameter of the open-pore mass slide block (4) is equal to d 1 A through hole (41) is dug in the center of the open-pore mass slide block (4), and the diameter of the through hole (41) is d 2 The thickness of the open-pore mass slide block (4) is t 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The two end faces of the open-pore quality slide block (4) are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the packaging shell (1), the outer side face of the open-pore quality slide block (4) is smooth, and when no viscous liquid (3) exists in the packaging shell (1), the open-pore quality is smoothThe block (4) freely slides in the packaging shell (1) without friction; the open-pore quality sliding block (4) is made of metal materials; after the impact load is loaded from the right end fixed disc (2) to the left end, the position of the open-pore mass slide block (4) moves leftwards, namely the distance between the open-pore mass slide block (4) and the left end face of the packaging shell (1) is reduced, and the distance between the open-pore mass slide block (4) and the fixed disc (2) before the impact load is loaded is obtained through interpretation of a vernier caliper and is x 1 The distance between the open-pore mass slide block (4) and the fixed disc (2) after impact load loading is x 2 The relative displacement of the open-cell mass (4) before and after sliding is delta x=x 2 -x 1 Thereby establishing a functional relationship between shock wave acceleration and relative displacement.
2. The shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on the viscous liquid and the mass block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the viscous liquid (3) is made of polydimethylsiloxane or diethyl silicone oil, has a required refractive index range of 1.390-1.410, is colorless, transparent, nontoxic and odorless, has electrical insulation performance and heat resistance, has a solidifying point of minus 59 ℃, and is suitable for long-term use in a temperature range of minus 50 ℃ to plus 200 ℃.
3. A shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquid and mass according to claim 1, characterized in that the package housing (1) has an outer diameter D 1 Satisfy 0.01m<D 1 <0.5m, wall thickness t 1 Satisfy 0.001m<t 1 <0.1m, inner diameter d 1 Satisfy d 1 ＝D 1 -2t 1 Length L 1 Satisfy 0.01m<L 1 <2m, the bottom thickness t of the left end of the packaging shell (1) 2 Satisfy 0.005m<t 2 <0.1m, the axial length of the inner space of the packaging shell (1) is l 1 Satisfy l 1 ＝L 1 -t 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The center distance between the center of the first screw hole (11) and the center of the end face of the packaging shell (1) is r 1 Satisfy r 1 ＝(t 1 +d 1 ) 2, diameter phi of the first screw hole (11) 11 Satisfy 0.003m<φ 11 <t 1 Depth l of first screw hole (11) 2 Satisfy 0.005m<l 2 <0.1m；The center of the second screw hole (12) is away from the center distance r of the end face of the packaging shell (1) 2 Satisfy r 2 ＝r 1 The diameter phi of the second screw hole (12) 12 Satisfy 0.003m<φ 12 <t 1 Depth l of the second screw hole (12) 3 Satisfy 0.002m<l 3 <0.5t 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The diameter of the thread part of the movable bolt (5) is equal to phi 11 The length of the threaded part of the movable bolt (5) is l 4 Satisfy l 4 ＝l 2 +t 2 。
4. A shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquids and masses as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the fixed disc (2) has a thickness t 2 Satisfy 0.005m<t 2 <0.1m; the distance between the center of the screw through hole (21) and the center O' of the right end face of the fixed disc (2) is equal to r 1 The diameter of the screw through hole (21) is equal to phi 11 。
5. A shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquid and mass according to claim 1, characterized in that the through hole (41) of the open-pore mass slider (4) has a diameter d 2 ，d 2 Satisfy 0.005m<d 2 <0.1m; thickness t of open pore mass slide block (4) 3 Satisfy 0.002m<t 3 <0.1m。
6. A shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquids and masses as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the packaging shell (1) material yield strength σ 1 >200MPa, density ρ 1 >1g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The material requirement of the movable bolt (5) is satisfied: yield strength sigma 5 >200MPa, density ρ 5 >1g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The metal material requirement that trompil quality slider (4) adopted satisfies: yield strength sigma 4 >200MPa, density ρ 4 >2g/cm 3 。
7. A method of measuring shock wave acceleration using a viscous liquid and mass based shock wave acceleration measurement sensor according to claim 1, characterized by the steps of:
the first step, shock wave acceleration measurement preparation, the method is:
1.1, coaxially installing a fixed disc (2), an open-pore quality sliding block (4) and a packaging shell (1); adding the viscous liquid (3) to fill the residual space in the packaging shell (1);
1.2, ensuring that viscous liquid (3) in the packaging shell (1) has no liquid leakage phenomenon;
1.3, integrally fixing a shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquid and a mass block on a bracket, wherein the lower end of the bracket is fixed on the ground or a heavier support;
1.4 measuring the distance x between the right end surface of the open-pore quality slide block (4) and the left end surface of the fixed disc (2) 1 Namely, the length of the right end face of the open-pore quality slide block (4) from the left end face of the fixed disc (2) is recorded;
the second step, measuring the shock wave acceleration, the method is:
2.1 when a shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquid and a mass block is subjected to impact load, the viscous liquid (3) and the open-pore mass sliding block (4) obtain different speeds, and the viscous liquid (3) and the open-pore mass sliding block (4) respectively move leftwards at different speeds;
2.2 recording the movement time of the open-pore mass slide block (4) as delta t;
2.3 measuring the distance x between the right end face of the open-pore mass slide block (4) and the left end face of the fixed disc (2) after the impact load is over 2 Interpretation is carried out by adopting a vernier caliper to obtain x 2 ；
2.4 calculating the axial displacement Δx of the open-cell mass slide (4), Δx=x 2 -x 1 ；
2.5 calculating the shock wave acceleration a according to the displacement deltax and the movement time deltat:thereby realizing the rapid passive quantitative measurement of the shock wave acceleration; wherein m is the mass of the open-pore mass slide block (4); n is the shear flow index of the viscous liquid (3), and k is the viscosity coefficient of the viscous liquid (3); a is that 1 And alpha and beta are material parameters of the open-pore quality slide block (4).
8. A method for measuring shock wave acceleration using the shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquid and mass according to claim 7, wherein the shock wave field and the normal line of the shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquid and mass are located on the same straight line when the shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquid and mass is integrally fixed on the bracket in step 1.3.
9. A method for measuring shock wave acceleration by using the shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquid and mass according to claim 7, wherein x is obtained by interpreting in 2.3 steps by using a graduated scale 2 When the packaging shell is used, the end face of the opening quality sliding block (4) is kept parallel to the left end face of the packaging shell (1).
10. A method for measuring shock wave acceleration using a viscous liquid and mass based shock wave acceleration measurement sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that step 2.5 said n is obtained by viscous liquid (3) shear stress and shear rate curve fitting, k is obtained by rheometer testing; when preparing the material yield strength sigma of the open-pore mass slide block (4) 4 >200MPa, density ρ 4 >2g/cm 3 When A is 1 ＝0.1069，α＝0.6917、β＝-0.2751。
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