CN117512441A - Steel sheet for plastic mold and method for producing same - Google Patents
Steel sheet for plastic mold and method for producing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN117512441A CN117512441A CN202210909194.1A CN202210909194A CN117512441A CN 117512441 A CN117512441 A CN 117512441A CN 202210909194 A CN202210909194 A CN 202210909194A CN 117512441 A CN117512441 A CN 117512441A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007550 Rockwell hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Ca] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ca] ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- IQDXNHZDRQHKEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dicalcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O IQDXNHZDRQHKEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012770 industrial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000024121 nodulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a steel plate for a plastic die and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the steel plate comprises more than 90% of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: c:0.25 to 0.35 percent; si:0.10 to 0.50 percent; mn:0.20 to 1.60 percent; cr:0.50 to 2.00 percent; mo:0.20 to 0.60 percent; v:0.01 to 0.20 percent; ti:0.01 to 0.10 percent of Al: 0.010-0.060 percent. The alloy components in the steel plate are mainly medium and low carbon and low alloy, and meanwhile, the steel plate has excellent mechanical property and processing property by utilizing the refining and grain strengthening effects of the alloy elements such as Cr, mo, V, ti and the like. The method adopts the controlled rolling and cooling process, has simple preparation process and can obtain the steel plate for the plastic mould with excellent performance.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to steel materials and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a steel sheet for plastic molds and a method for manufacturing the same.
Background
With the development of industrial production technology, new materials are continuously appeared, and plastic products are already an important industrial material and widely used in various departments of national economy. From spacecraft to naval vessels, from building materials to agricultural production, from household appliances to toys for children, plastic products are not separated, and the yield of plastic molds in developed countries of the industry is already at the top in the mold manufacturing industry.
The plastic die steel can be classified into quenched and tempered pre-hardened plastic die steel and non-quenched plastic die steel from the production process. The quenched and tempered prehardening plastic die steel is generally manufactured into a module after being fully forged, and the hardness and the service performance required by the die are obtained through the preliminary heat treatment. The quenched and tempered pre-hardened die steel has the advantages of uniform hardness, good processability and mechanical properties and small die distortion, however, the quenched and tempered pre-hardened plastic die steel has the defects of complex process, high energy consumption, easy generation of larger internal stress at a large water cooling speed, cracking of the die steel and the like. The non-quenched and tempered plastic die steel can reach pre-hardness after forging and rolling without quenching and tempering, thereby being beneficial to saving energy, reducing cost and shortening production period, however, the uniformity of the structural performance of the non-quenched and tempered plastic die steel is different from that of quenched and tempered steel, and the requirement of high-end products is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems in the prior art, a first aspect of the present invention provides a steel sheet for plastic molds, which contains, in addition to Fe and unavoidable impurities in an amount of 90% or more, the following chemical elements in mass percent:
C：0.25～0.35％；Si：0.10～0.50％；Mn：0.20～1.60％；Cr：0.50～2.00％；Mo：0.20～0.60％；V：0.01～0.20％；Ti：0.01～0.10％，Al：0.010～0.060％。
the second aspect of the invention provides a steel plate for a plastic mold, which comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: c:0.25 to 0.35 percent; si:0.10 to 0.50 percent; mn:0.20 to 1.60 percent; cr:0.50 to 2.00 percent; mo:0.20 to 0.60 percent; v:0.01 to 0.20 percent; ti:0.01 to 0.10 percent of Al:0.010 to 0.060 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The steel plate for the plastic die is obtained through reasonable chemical composition design, the alloy composition of the steel plate is mainly medium-low carbon low alloy, and meanwhile, the steel plate has excellent mechanical property and processing property by utilizing the refining and grain strengthening effects of the Cr, mo, V, ti and other alloy elements.
Preferably, in the steel sheet of the present invention, the content of the impurity element in mass percent satisfies: p is less than or equal to 0.030%, more preferably P is less than or equal to 0.010%; s is less than or equal to 0.010%, more preferably S is less than or equal to 0.003%.
Preferably, in the steel sheet of the present invention, the content of the chemical elements in the steel sheet in mass percent satisfies one or more of the following:
C：0.26～0.35％；
Si：0.15～0.35％；
mn:0.85 to 1.60%, preferably 0.85 to 1.55%;
cr:0.80 to 1.70%, preferably 0.85 to 1.70%;
mo:0.25 to 0.50%, preferably 0.25 to 0.37%;
v:0.05 to 0.20%, preferably 0.05 to 0.16%;
ti:0.017 to 0.050%, preferably 0.017 to 0.030%;
al:0.020 to 0.060%, preferably 0.020 to 0.055%.
The design principle of each chemical element in the steel plate for the plastic die is as follows:
carbon: carbon is the most basic and important element in steel, and the strength and hardness of the steel are improved through solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening, and carbon is also an important element for ensuring the acquisition of bainite and martensite structures. If the carbon content is too low, the steel cannot be ensured to obtain bainite or martensite structure and the required mechanical properties such as wear resistance and the like; if the carbon content is too high, segregation tendency of steel in the continuous casting or die casting process is increased, so that the steel plate segregation is serious, the toughness of the steel plate is reduced, and the mechanical property index is unqualified. Therefore, in the present invention, the content of C is controlled to be 0.25 to 0.35%, preferably 0.26 to 0.35%.
Silicon: silicon is a beneficial deoxidizer in steel, and can form calcium aluminum silicate inclusions which are easy to float upwards together with calcium aluminum in the steel, so that the purity of the steel is improved. Silicon is solid-dissolved in ferrite and austenite to improve their hardness and strength, whereas too high a silicon content causes a sharp decrease in toughness of the steel. Therefore, in the present invention, the content of Si is controlled to be 0.10 to 0.50%, preferably Si:0.15 to 0.35 percent.
Manganese: manganese increases the hardenability of steel, but when the manganese content is high, it tends to coarsen crystal grains, increases the tempering embrittlement sensitivity of steel, and easily causes segregation and cracks in a cast slab. Therefore, in the present invention, the Mn content is controlled to be 0.20 to 1.60%, preferably 0.85 to 1.60%, more preferably 0.85 to 1.55%.
Chromium: chromium can improve the hardenability of steel and increase the strength and hardness of steel. Chromium can prevent or slow down precipitation and aggregation of carbide during tempering, and can improve the tempering stability of steel, but Cr is a noble metal, and excessive addition can obviously increase the cost. Therefore, in the present invention, the Cr content is controlled to be 0.50 to 2.00%, preferably 0.80 to 1.70%, more preferably 0.85 to 1.70%.
Molybdenum: the molybdenum can refine grains and improve strength and toughness. Molybdenum is an element for reducing temper brittleness, and can improve temper stability. Molybdenum can improve the high temperature resistance. Mo is also a noble metal, and excessive addition leads to significant cost increases. Therefore, in the present invention, the content of Mo is controlled to be 0.20 to 0.60%, preferably 0.25 to 0.50%, more preferably 0.25 to 0.37%.
Vanadium: the vanadium is mainly added to refine grains, so that austenite grains of the steel billet are not too coarse during the heating stage, and thus, the grains of the steel can be further refined during the subsequent multi-pass rolling process, and the strength and toughness of the steel are improved. V is also a noble metal element, and excessive addition also leads to significant cost increases. Accordingly, in the present invention, the content of V is controlled to be 0.01 to 0.20%, preferably 0.05 to 0.20%, more preferably 0.05 to 0.16%.
Aluminum: the nitrogen in the aluminum and steel can form tiny indissolvable AlN particles, and the grains of the steel are refined. And the alloy is easy to combine with N and O in steel, fixes nitrogen and oxygen in the steel, lightens the sensitivity of the steel to a notch, reduces or eliminates the aging phenomenon of the steel, and improves the toughness of the steel. The too high content of Al is very unfavorable for the steelmaking continuous casting process, and the problems of continuous casting nozzle nodulation and the like are easy to occur. Therefore, in the present invention, the content of Al is controlled to be 0.010 to 0.060%, preferably 0.020 to 0.060%, more preferably 0.020 to 0.055%.
Phosphorus and sulfur: in the steel, sulfur and phosphorus are harmful elements, the content of the sulfur and the phosphorus is strictly controlled, the quality and the service life of the steel plate are prevented from being reduced, and in the steel, P is less than or equal to 0.030 percent, and preferably, P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, preferably less than or equal to 0.003 percent, and the less the impurity elements in the steel, the purer the steel and the better the performance.
Preferably, the microstructure of the steel sheet for plastic molds of the present invention includes bainite and carbide.
Preferably, the Rockwell hardness of the steel sheet for plastic mold of the present invention is 25 to 35HRC. Wherein, the near Rockwell hardness and 1/2 thick Rockwell hardness of the steel plate are 25-35 HRC.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a plastic mold formed of the above steel sheet.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the steel sheet for plastic molds described above, comprising the steps of, in order:
1) Smelting and casting molten steel to obtain a plate blank;
2) Heating the slab;
3) Rolling to obtain a rolled steel plate;
4) Quenching on line; and
5) And (5) heat treatment.
Preferably, in the 4) on-line quenching step, the rolled steel plate is water-cooled at a water cooling speed of 5-8 ℃/s, the water cooling stop temperature is the martensite transformation temperature Ms-bainite transformation temperature Bs, then the temperature is kept at 300-400 ℃ for more than 8 hours, and then the steel plate is air-cooled to room temperature.
Further preferably, the rolled steel sheet is water-cooled more than once. More preferably, the rolled steel sheet is water-cooled only once.
In the case of a steel sheet having a thickness of 200mm or less, since the hardenability is good, it is possible to quench the steel sheet at a time to a temperature between the martensite transformation temperature Ms and the bainite transformation temperature Bs at a proper cooling rate, and a uniform bainite structure is formed on the surface and in the interior of the steel sheet.
In the present invention, the martensite transformation temperature Ms and the bainite transformation temperature Bs are determined by the components of the steel sheet for plastic mold, specifically:
the martensitic transformation start temperature Ms is calculated according to the following formula: ms (DEG C) =539-423C-30.4 Mn-12.1Cr-7.5Mo
The bainite transformation start temperature Bs was calculated according to the following formula: bs (°c) =830-270C-90 Mn-70Cr-83Mo
Wherein each chemical element symbol represents a numerical value before a percentage of the corresponding element mass percentage. The method of the invention can obtain the steel plate with excellent overall performance by adopting the technological parameters of 4) on-line quenching. Under rapid cooling, for example, the cooling rate is 5 to 8 ℃ per second according to the present invention, the core portion of the steel sheet can be desirably cooled to form a bainite structure, but if the cooling rate exceeds the above range, the surface of the steel sheet will form a martensite structure due to the excessively rapid cooling rate, and the steel sheet will be easily cracked, resulting in damage to the workpiece.
The online quenching method can solve the problems, and after the surface of the steel plate is cooled to a certain temperature, the steel plate is quickly transferred to the air for cooling, and at the moment, the heat in the steel plate can be quickly transferred to the surface of the die under the driving of the temperature gradient due to the large temperature gradient between the inside and the outside, so that the body structure formed at edges and corners in the water cooling process is fully self-tempered, and the local stress concentration is relieved. And simultaneously, the core part is kept at a higher cooling speed so as to avoid ferrite and pearlite.
Preferably, in step 2), the heating temperature is 1100-1250 ℃ and the incubation time is 1-3 hours.
The heating temperature is controlled above 1100 ℃ to lead the structure of the steel to be completely austenitized and form uniform steel structure. Meanwhile, the heating temperature is required to be lower than 1250 ℃, which is beneficial to energy saving.
Preferably, in the 3) rolling step, the rolling includes rough rolling and finish rolling, and the rough rolling finishing temperature is 950-1150 ℃; the finish rolling temperature is 850-950 ℃.
Preferably, in the step of 5) heat treatment, the heat treatment comprises tempering, wherein the tempering temperature is 450-650 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-120 min.
In summary, the method of the invention obtains the plastic die steel plate with fine bainitic structure and carbide main body and excellent mechanical property and processing property by controlling rolling, on-line quenching water cooling and the like, and the method has simple process, avoids the complexity of the traditional quenching and tempering (water quenching and oil quenching) process, solves the defect of non-quenching and tempering product performance, and is suitable for industrial popularization and application.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
Herein, "rockwell Hardness (HRC)" is used as an index of the hardness value of steel. Rockwell Hardness (HRC) was determined as follows: the first part of the Rockwell hardness test of metal materials is adopted in GB/T230.1-2018: experimental methods.
The near Rockwell hardness is the surface Rockwell hardness of the steel plate; the 1/2 thick Rockwell hardness is Rockwell hardness at 1/2 thickness of the steel plate.
The technical scheme of the present disclosure is described in further detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the following examples are only illustrative of specific embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.
Examples
The steel sheets of examples 1-5 were prepared by the following steps:
1) Smelting and casting molten steel according to the formula shown in table 1 to obtain a plate blank;
2) Heating the slab: the heating temperature is 1100-1250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-3 h.
3) Rolling to obtain a rolled steel plate: the final rolling temperature of rough rolling is 950-1150 ℃; the finish rolling temperature is 850-950 ℃.
4) And (3) online quenching: and (3) water cooling the rolled steel plate, wherein the water cooling speed is 5-8 ℃/s, the water cooling stop temperature is Ms-Bs, then, the temperature is kept at 300-400 ℃ for more than 8 hours, and then, the steel plate is air cooled to the room temperature.
5) And (3) heat treatment: tempering the quenched steel plate, wherein the tempering temperature is 450-650 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-120 min.
Comparative examples 1-2 were prepared using essentially the same procedure as described above, except that: some chemical elements of the steel plate of the comparative example 1 are not in the limit of the invention, the water cooling speed of the steel plate of the comparative example 2 during on-line quenching is not in the limit, the cooling stopping temperature is less than Ms, and the microstructure is mainly martensite at the end of quenching.
Table 1 shows the chemical composition in wt.%, and the corresponding Ms and Bs values in degrees Celsius, of the steel plates in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2.
TABLE 1 (balance Fe and unavoidable impurities other than P, S)
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | V | Ti | Al | Ms | Bs | |
| Example 1 | 0.26 | 0.15 | 1.05 | 0.010 | 0.003 | 0.85 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 384.94 | 585.05 |
| Example 2 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.85 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 1.25 | 0.37 | 0.08 | 0.017 | 0.050 | 368.36 | 554.29 |
| Example 3 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 1.55 | 0.007 | 0.002 | 1.55 | 0.33 | 0.16 | 0.030 | 0.035 | 343.75 | 473.61 |
| Example 4 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 1.30 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 1.55 | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.025 | 0.030 | 343.49 | 497.35 |
| Example 5 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 1.50 | 0.009 | 0.003 | 1.70 | 0.28 | 0.11 | 0.030 | 0.055 | 323.28 | 464.9 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 1.30 | 0.015 | 0.008 | 1.35 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.020 | 0.050 | 440.10 | 583.2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 1.45 | 0.013 | 0.010 | 1.55 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.010 | 0.060 | 351.77 | 493.61 |
Table 2 shows the process parameters of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2 and the thickness of the finished steel sheet.
TABLE 2
The finally produced steel sheets of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were sampled respectively, and the metallographic structure, mechanical properties and workability of each steel sample were tested, and the test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
As is clear from tables 1 to 3, the steel sheets for plastic molds of examples 1 to 5 of the present invention and the steel of comparative example 1 each have a metallographic structure mainly composed of bainite+carbide. Since the elemental composition adopted in comparative example 1 is not within the scope of the present invention, examples 1 to 5 of the present invention significantly improve the hardness of the steel obtained by optimizing the chemical composition of the steel as compared with comparative example 1. The steel plate of comparative example 2 adopts a large water cooling rate during online quenching, and the steel plate is cooled too fast, so that the steel is of tempered troostite structure and is easy to crack. According to the invention, the steel plate for the plastic die with excellent mechanical property and processing property can be obtained through reasonable chemical component design and matched with an optimized preparation process.
It should be noted that all technical features described in this application may be freely combined or combined in any way, unless contradiction is caused between each other. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield still a further embodiment. Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (12)
1. A steel plate for plastic molds is characterized by comprising more than 90% of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and further comprising the following chemical elements in percentage by mass:
C：0.25～0.35％；Si：0.10～0.50％；Mn：0.20～1.60％；Cr：0.50～2.00％；Mo：0.20～0.60％；V：0.01～0.20％；Ti：0.01～0.10％，Al：0.010～0.060％。
2. the steel sheet for plastic molds as set forth in claim 1, wherein said steel sheet contains the following chemical elements in mass percent: c:0.25 to 0.35 percent; si:0.10 to 0.50 percent; mn:0.20 to 1.60 percent; cr:0.50 to 2.00 percent; mo:0.20 to 0.60 percent; v:0.01 to 0.20 percent; ti:0.01 to 0.10 percent of Al:0.010 to 0.060 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
3. The steel sheet for plastic molds according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of the impurity element in mass percent satisfies: p is less than or equal to 0.030%, preferably P is less than or equal to 0.010%; s is less than or equal to 0.010%, preferably S is less than or equal to 0.003%.
4. The steel sheet for plastic molds according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of the chemical elements in the steel sheet in mass percent satisfies one or more of the following:
C：0.26～0.35％；
Si：0.15～0.35％；
mn:0.85 to 1.60%, preferably 0.85 to 1.55%;
cr:0.80 to 1.70%, preferably 0.85 to 1.70%;
mo:0.25 to 0.50%, preferably 0.25 to 0.37%;
v:0.05 to 0.20%, preferably 0.05 to 0.16%;
ti:0.017 to 0.050%, preferably 0.017 to 0.030%;
al:0.020 to 0.060%, preferably 0.020 to 0.055%.
5. A steel sheet for plastic molds according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the microstructure of said steel sheet includes bainite and carbide.
6. The steel sheet for plastic molds according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rockwell hardness of the steel sheet is 25 to 35HRC.
7. A plastic mold formed of the steel sheet for plastic mold of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A method for manufacturing a steel sheet for plastic molds according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises the following steps, which are carried out in order:
1) Smelting and casting molten steel to obtain a plate blank;
2) Heating the slab;
3) Rolling to obtain a rolled steel plate;
4) Quenching on line; and
5) And (5) heat treatment.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein in the 4) in-line quenching step, the rolled steel sheet is water-cooled at a water cooling rate of 5 to 8 ℃/s, a water cooling stop temperature of Ms to Bs, and then heat-preserved for 8 hours or more at 300 to 400 ℃ and air-cooled to room temperature, wherein a martensitic transformation start temperature ms=539-423C-30.4 Mn-12.1Cr-7.5Mo, a bainitic transformation start temperature bs=830-270C-90 Mn-70Cr-83Mo, and Ms and Bs are all values at the temperature in the form of °c, wherein each symbol of chemical element represents a value before the percentage of the corresponding element by mass.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the step 2), the heating temperature is 1100 to 1250 ℃ and the holding time is 1 to 3 hours.
11. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the 3) rolling step, the rolling includes rough rolling and finish rolling, and the rough rolling finishing temperature is 950 to 1150 ℃; the finish rolling temperature is 850-950 ℃.
12. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the 5) heat treatment step, the heat treatment includes tempering at 450 to 650 ℃ for 30 to 120 minutes.
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