CN117510188A - Preparation method of low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane and prepared product thereof - Google Patents

Preparation method of low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane and prepared product thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117510188A
CN117510188A CN202311528496.5A CN202311528496A CN117510188A CN 117510188 A CN117510188 A CN 117510188A CN 202311528496 A CN202311528496 A CN 202311528496A CN 117510188 A CN117510188 A CN 117510188A
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membrane
ceramic membrane
flat ceramic
preparation
low
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杨玉龙
常启兵
王霞
汪永清
杨柯
胡学兵
张小珍
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Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute
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Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane and a product prepared by the preparation method, wherein coarse ceramic fibers are used as main raw materials, and a ceramic membrane support body is prepared by adopting a vacuum filtration method; the membrane layer slurry is prepared by taking fine ceramic fibers as raw materials, a separation membrane layer is prepared on the surface of a support body by adopting a slurry dipping method, and a flat ceramic membrane with smaller pore diameter and higher flux is formed by one-time cofiring. The ceramic membrane prepared by the method does not need a transition layer, thereby greatly reducing the thickness of the membrane layer and effectively reducing the preparation cost of the flat ceramic membrane.

Description

Preparation method of low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane and prepared product thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of membrane separation, in particular to a preparation method of a flat ceramic membrane and a product prepared by the same.
Background
Ceramic membranes are widely used in water treatment and gas purification applications because of their excellent properties of high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, high mechanical strength, long service life, chemical corrosion resistance, etc. Currently, commercial ceramic membranes are mostly made of Al 2 O 3 、ZrO 2 、TiO 2 、SiO 2 The porous ceramic membrane is made of granular raw materials such as SiC and the like through a series of special processes, has a porous asymmetric structure, is composed of a support body, a transition layer and a separation layer, and the asymmetric structure is beneficial to reducing the permeation resistance of the membrane and ensures that the ceramic membrane has higher permeation flux.
In order to further improve the permeation flux of the membrane, various preparation processes are also developed in the prior art, for example, a flat ceramic membrane is prepared by adopting a spraying method, and mist drops are deposited to cover a membrane layer on the surface of a support body, so that a transition layer is omitted, and the thickness of the membrane layer is reduced to reduce the permeation resistance; however, the particles formed by spraying are not uniform, and the drop points on the surface of the support are difficult to control, so that the surface of the film layer is rough and the thickness is not uniform. For another example, a layer of polymer film is prefabricated on the surface of the porous support body so as to improve the surface pore diameter and reduce the possibility of permeation of the slurry of the film layer to the support body, and then a ceramic film is prepared on the surface of the porous support body by a spraying method; the process can reduce leakage of the membrane slurry to the support, improve the porosity and the membrane flux of the ceramic membrane, but prefabricate the polymer membrane, reduce the bonding strength between the membrane and the support, influence the service life of the membrane, and simultaneously has the advantages of complex preparation process and prolonged preparation period. Or, printing ceramic membrane slurries with different chemical compositions and particle sizes on a flat plate type ceramic membrane support body respectively by adopting a screen printing technology, and then co-firing for one time to form a multi-layer gradient ceramic membrane on the surface of the support body; the technology effectively solves the technical problem of uneven thickness of the film layer by a spraying method, but the technology needs to polish the surface and the edge of the support body smoothly, and increases the preparation cost of the ceramic film for secondary ceramic processing of the support body. In addition, a tubular or flat ceramic membrane is used as a carrier, and the nanowire ceramic membrane with unique structure and function is prepared through vacuum suction filtration or spray coating, and has higher porosity and better visible light response and photocatalytic performance compared with the traditional photocatalytic membrane; however, the method still belongs to the field of membrane modification, the flux is not greatly improved, the thickness of a membrane layer is further increased, the permeation path of the membrane is prolonged, the preparation period of the membrane is prolonged, and the cost is increased.
Therefore, the problems that the existing ceramic membrane preparation is complex in preparation process and long in period, dead end holes are easy to generate in most of ceramic membrane raw materials such as granular powder, the porosity is low, the pure water flux is low and the like still exist in the existing ceramic membrane preparation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a preparation method of a low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane, wherein ceramic fibers are used as main raw materials to prepare a support body and a separation membrane layer, and the ceramic fibers are mutually interwoven to form a three-dimensional grid structure, so that the porosity and the permeability of the ceramic membrane are effectively improved, and meanwhile, the preparation cost of the flat ceramic membrane is also effectively reduced. Another object of the present invention is to provide a product made by the above-described low cost high flux flat ceramic membrane manufacturing method.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of a low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of flat ceramic membrane support green body
Dispersing the crude ceramic fiber, the glass fiber and the binder in water, and stirring to form ceramic fiber slurry, wherein the content of the crude ceramic fiber and the glass fiber is 5-10wt%; after vacuum filtration molding, washing by adopting a liquid sintering aid and sodium silicate solution, and drying to obtain a flat ceramic membrane support green body; wherein the diameters of the crude ceramic fiber and the glass fiber are 10-15 mu m, and the dosages of the glass fiber and the binder are respectively 10-15 wt% and 1-5 wt% of the crude ceramic fiber;
(2) Preparation of film slurry
Adding fine ceramic fiber, a dispersing agent and a stabilizing agent into water, and stirring to obtain a membrane slurry containing 3-8wt% of fine ceramic fiber and being suspension; wherein the diameter of the fine ceramic fiber is 20-50 nm, the length-diameter ratio is 30-50, and the dosages of the dispersing agent and the stabilizing agent are respectively 1.0-2.0 wt% and 5-15 wt% of the fine ceramic fiber;
(3) Preparation of separation membrane layer
Coating the membrane slurry on the surface of a green body of a flat ceramic membrane support body by adopting a slurry dipping method, drying, performing one-time co-firing, and preserving heat for 1-2 hours at the sintering temperature of 900-1200 ℃ to obtain the low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane.
Further, the coarse ceramic fiber of the invention is Al 2 O 3 Fibers, siO 2 One or a combination of fibers and mullite fibers; the fine ceramic fiber is Al 2 O 3 Fibers, siO 2 One or a combination of fibers, manganese fibers, titanium fibers and attapulgite nanofibers. The binder is one or a combination of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
Further, the liquid sintering aid is one or a combination of aluminum sol, silica sol, titanium sol and zirconium sol, and the concentration of the liquid sintering aid is 20-30wt%. The dispersing agent is one or the combination of polyacrylic acid, a Dolapix series dispersing agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium hexametaphosphate and polyethyleneimine; wherein, the polyethyleneimine can not be interacted with polyacrylic acid and a Dolapix series dispersing agent; the stabilizer is one or a combination of carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol.
In the scheme, the dip-coating time of the step (3) dipping method is 10-25 s, and the dip-coating times are 1-3.
The product prepared by the preparation method of the low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane has the advantages that the porosity of a support of the flat ceramic membrane is 55-75%, the porosity of a membrane layer is 50-70%, the thickness of the membrane layer is 10-20 mu m, the average pore diameter is 15-30 nm, and the pure water permeability of the flat ceramic membrane is 1100-1400L/(m) 2 ·h·bar)。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The thickness of the membrane layer is effectively reduced, the membrane permeation resistance is reduced, and the membrane permeation flux is improved. The pore diameter of the traditional ceramic membrane is mainly formed by stacking ceramic powder with different particle diameters, the particle diameter of the powder selected by the separation membrane layer is usually larger than that of the support, so that the membrane layer with a multi-layer gradient structure needs to be prepared, and the total membrane layer thickness is generally larger than 50 mu m, so that the permeation resistance is increased. According to the invention, ceramic fibers are used as raw materials, a slurry dipping method is adopted to separate the membrane layers, the ceramic fibers are randomly piled to form a three-dimensional grid structure, and the condition that membrane layer slurry leaks to a support body is effectively avoided, so that the preparation of an intermediate transition layer can be omitted, the thickness of the membrane layer can be adjusted to be not more than 20 mu m by controlling dip-coating times, the permeation resistance of the membrane layer is greatly reduced, and the permeation flux of the membrane is improved.
(2) The occurrence of dead end holes and cracks of the ceramic membrane is effectively avoided, and the porosity and separation performance of the ceramic membrane are further improved. The invention adopts a slurry dipping method to prepare the separation membrane layer, ceramic fibers are mutually piled to form a three-dimensional grid structure, which is just like a spider web, and the membrane layers are formed by stacking layers, so that the formation of dead end holes is avoided; meanwhile, an entanglement structure is formed among the ceramic fibers, so that the generation of membrane layer cracks is avoided, and the porosity and the separation performance of the ceramic membrane are improved.
(3) The ceramic membrane is prepared by vacuum filtration molding, dip coating, support and membrane layer co-sintering process, so that the preparation process is simplified, and the preparation cost of the ceramic membrane is reduced. According to the invention, a ceramic membrane support body is prepared by adopting a vacuum filtration method, a low-temperature sintering auxiliary agent is added, and a three-dimensional grid structure is formed by mutually stacking ceramic fibers, so that the porosity of the ceramic membrane is improved; the ceramic fiber with smaller diameter is used as a raw material, a slurry dipping method is adopted to separate the membrane layer, the condition that the membrane layer slurry leaks to a supporting body is effectively avoided by utilizing the advantage of high length-diameter ratio of the ceramic fiber, the preparation of an intermediate transition layer is omitted, and the thickness of the membrane layer is effectively reduced; and finally, a supporting body and film co-sintering process is adopted, so that the preparation process is effectively simplified, and the preparation cost of the ceramic film is reduced.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and figures:
FIG. 1 is a sectional scanning electron micrograph of a flat ceramic film prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a surface scanning electron micrograph of a flat ceramic film prepared according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional scanning electron micrograph of a flat ceramic film prepared in accordance with example two of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a surface scanning electron micrograph of a flat ceramic film prepared in accordance with example two of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiment one:
the preparation method of the low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of flat ceramic membrane support green body
Dispersing 5g of mullite fiber with the diameter of 12 mu m, 0.7g of glass fiber with the diameter of 11 mu m and 0.1g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in 100ml of pure water, and magnetically stirring for 30min (350 r/min) to form uniformly mixed mullite fiber slurry; pouring the slurry into a flat mold, wherein a 600 mesh screen is arranged below the mold, and carrying out suction filtration for 15s under 0.04MPa to obtain a mullite fiber porous blank; then adopting silica sol with the concentration of 20wt% to flush a mullite fiber porous blank, then using 10 Baume sodium silicate solution to flush once, putting the blank into a drying oven after demoulding, and drying for 5 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a mullite fiber support green body;
(2) Preparation of film slurry
Adding 4g of attapulgite nanofiber (with the diameter of 25nm and the length of 850 nm), 0.06g of ammonium polyacrylate and 0.5g of polyvinyl alcohol into 100g of pure water, and magnetically stirring for 30min (350 r/min) to obtain stable film slurry in suspension;
(3) Preparation of separation membrane layer
Immersing one side of a mullite fiber support green body in membrane layer slurry for 25s and 1 time, taking out and drying the mullite fiber support green body in a constant temperature and humidity drying oven (the temperature is 80 ℃ and the humidity is 70%), then placing the mullite fiber support green body in a muffle furnace for one-time cofiring, and preserving the temperature for 2 hours to obtain a low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane, wherein the porosity of the support is 73%, the porosity of the membrane layer is 60%, the thickness of the membrane layer is 12 mu m, the average pore diameter is 24nm, and the pure water permeability is 1350L/(m) 2 ·h·bar)。
The flat ceramic membrane prepared in this example, the fibers of the membrane layer did not leak into the support, and the thickness of the membrane layer was 12 μm (see fig. 1); the film surface is smooth and continuous, and has no defects such as cracks, dead end holes and the like (see figure 2).
Embodiment two:
the preparation method of the low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of high-porosity flat ceramic membrane support
7g of mullite fiber with the diameter of 12 mu m, 0.75g of glass fiber with the diameter of 11 mu m and 0.1g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are dispersed in 100ml of pure water, and the mixture is magnetically stirred for 30min (350 r/min) to form uniformly mixed mullite fiber slurry; pouring the slurry into a flat mold, wherein a 600 mesh screen is arranged below the mold, and carrying out suction filtration for 15s under 0.04MPa to obtain a mullite fiber porous blank; then, adopting silica sol with the concentration of 28 weight percent to flush a mullite fiber porous blank, then using 10 Baume sodium silicate solution to flush once, putting the blank into a drying oven after demoulding, and drying for 5 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a mullite fiber support green body;
(2) Preparation of film slurry
5g of attapulgite nanofiber (with the diameter of 25nm and the length of 850 nm), 0.06g of ammonium polyacrylate and 0.5g of polyvinyl alcohol are added into 100g of pure water, and stable film slurry in suspension is obtained through magnetic stirring for 30min (350 r/min);
(3) Preparation of separation membrane layer
Immersing one side of a mullite fiber support green body in membrane layer slurry for 15s and 2 times, taking out and drying in a constant temperature and humidity drying oven (the temperature is 80 ℃ and the humidity is 70%), then placing in a muffle furnace for one-time cofiring, wherein the sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours to obtain the low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane, wherein the porosity of the support is 69%, the porosity of the membrane layer is 58%, the thickness of the membrane layer is 20 mu m, the average pore diameter is 21nm, and the pure water permeability is 1150L/(m) 2 ·h·bar)。
The flat ceramic membrane prepared in this example, the fibers of the membrane layer did not leak into the support, and the thickness of the membrane layer was 20 μm (see fig. 3); the film surface is smooth and continuous, and has no defects (see FIG. 4).

Claims (8)

1. The preparation method of the low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparation of flat ceramic membrane support green body
Dispersing the crude ceramic fiber, the glass fiber and the binder in water, and stirring to form ceramic fiber slurry, wherein the content of the crude ceramic fiber and the glass fiber is 5-10wt%; after vacuum filtration molding, washing by adopting a liquid sintering aid and sodium silicate solution, and drying to obtain a flat ceramic membrane support green body; wherein the diameters of the crude ceramic fiber and the glass fiber are 10-15 mu m, and the dosages of the glass fiber and the binder are respectively 10-15 wt% and 1-5 wt% of the crude ceramic fiber;
(2) Preparation of film slurry
Adding fine ceramic fiber, a dispersing agent and a stabilizing agent into water, and stirring to obtain a membrane slurry containing 3-8wt% of fine ceramic fiber and being suspension; wherein the diameter of the fine ceramic fiber is 20-50 nm, the length-diameter ratio is 30-50, and the dosages of the dispersing agent and the stabilizing agent are respectively 1.0-2.0 wt% and 5-15 wt% of the fine ceramic fiber;
(3) Preparation of separation membrane layer
Coating the membrane slurry on the surface of a green body of a flat ceramic membrane support body by adopting a slurry dipping method, drying, performing one-time co-firing, and preserving heat for 1-2 hours at the sintering temperature of 900-1200 ℃ to obtain the low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane.
2. The method for preparing the low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the coarse ceramic fiber is Al 2 O 3 Fibers, siO 2 One or a combination of fibers and mullite fibers; the fine ceramic fiber is Al 2 O 3 Fibers, siO 2 One or a combination of fibers, manganese fibers, titanium fibers and attapulgite nanofibers.
3. The method for preparing the low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the binder is one or a combination of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
4. The method for preparing the low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the liquid sintering aid is one or a combination of aluminum sol, silica sol, titanium sol and zirconium sol, and the concentration of the liquid sintering aid is 20-30wt%.
5. The method for preparing the low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the dispersing agent is one or the combination of polyacrylic acid, a Dolapix series dispersing agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium hexametaphosphate and polyethyleneimine; wherein, the polyethyleneimine can not be interacted with polyacrylic acid and a Dolapix series dispersing agent; the stabilizer is one or a combination of carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol.
6. The method for preparing the low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the dip-coating time of the step (3) dipping method is 10-25 s, and the dip-coating times are 1-3.
7. A product made by the method for making a low cost high flux flat ceramic membrane according to any one of claims 1-6.
8. The product of claim 7, wherein: the porosity of the support body of the flat ceramic membrane is 55-75%, the porosity of the membrane layer is 50-70%, the thickness of the membrane layer is 10-20 mu m, the average pore diameter is 15-30 nm, and the pure water permeability of the flat ceramic membrane is 1100-1400L/(m) 2 ·h·bar)。
CN202311528496.5A 2023-11-16 2023-11-16 Preparation method of low-cost high-flux flat ceramic membrane and prepared product thereof Pending CN117510188A (en)

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