CN117501577A - Battery equalization circuit and battery equalization method - Google Patents
Battery equalization circuit and battery equalization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117501577A CN117501577A CN202280004425.2A CN202280004425A CN117501577A CN 117501577 A CN117501577 A CN 117501577A CN 202280004425 A CN202280004425 A CN 202280004425A CN 117501577 A CN117501577 A CN 117501577A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a battery equalization circuit and method, the circuit comprising: the battery pack is formed by connecting N battery units in series, wherein N is more than or equal to 2; the N voltage acquisition units are respectively connected between the positive electrode of the corresponding battery unit and the voltage end of the control unit and are used for acquiring the voltage of the corresponding battery unit; the N equalization units are respectively connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the corresponding battery unit; the N driving units are arranged corresponding to the equalizing units; the control unit is used for outputting corresponding control signals to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units according to the voltages of the battery units, so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding equalization units to equalize the voltages of the battery packs. The circuit realizes the isolation of the circuit by externally arranging the driving unit and the balancing unit, realizes the balancing of the voltage of the battery pack by controlling the circuit through the control unit, improves the balancing speed and accelerates the balancing capability.
Description
The disclosure relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery equalization circuit and a battery equalization method.
Since the battery cells are connected in series, the voltage of the battery pack can be raised, and thus, the battery pack in which the battery cells are connected in series is widely used, for example, in a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. However, in manufacturing the battery pack, there may be a problem in that there is a voltage non-uniformity between the battery cells in the battery pack.
In the related art, the battery pack voltage is equalized using a battery equalization circuit as shown in fig. 1. However, the battery equalization circuit shown in fig. 1 has the following problems: in the case that the balanced current of the control unit U1 is large, the heat generation of the control unit U1 may be serious, and the control unit U1 may be damaged; in the case where the equalizing current of the control unit U1 is small, the voltage of the battery cells needs to be long to be uniform.
Therefore, how to improve the equalization capability of the battery equalization circuit, to quickly realize the uniformity of the voltages of the battery units, and without damaging the control unit is a problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The battery equalization circuit and the battery equalization method are used for realizing the isolation of the circuit by externally arranging the driving unit and the equalization unit, outputting corresponding control signals to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units according to the voltages of the battery units, so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding equalization units to equalize the voltages of the battery packs, thereby realizing the equalization of the voltages of the battery units in the battery packs, avoiding the damage and influence on the control units, accelerating the equalization speed, improving the equalization capacity and prolonging the service life of the battery packs. The technical scheme of the present disclosure is as follows:
According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a battery equalization circuit including:
a battery pack in which N battery cells are connected in series; wherein N is more than or equal to 2;
the N voltage acquisition units are respectively connected between the positive electrode of the corresponding battery unit and the voltage end of the control unit and are used for acquiring the voltage of the corresponding battery unit;
the N equalization units are respectively connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the corresponding battery unit;
the N driving units are respectively connected between the voltage end of the corresponding control unit and the negative electrode of the battery unit at two ends of the first driving unit to the N-1 driving unit, the two ends of the N driving unit are respectively connected between the control end of the control unit and the negative electrode of the N battery unit, and the driving end of each driving unit is connected with the corresponding driven end of the equalizing unit;
the control unit is used for outputting corresponding control signals to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units according to the voltage of each battery unit so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding equalization units to equalize the voltage of the battery pack.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, N battery cells are composed of a first battery cell to an nth battery cell connected in series;
the N voltage acquisition units consist of a first voltage acquisition unit to an Nth voltage acquisition unit; the first ends of the first voltage acquisition unit to the N-th voltage acquisition unit are respectively connected with the anodes of the corresponding first battery unit to the N-th battery unit, the second ends of the first voltage acquisition unit to the N-th voltage acquisition unit are respectively connected with the corresponding first voltage end to the N-th voltage end of the control unit, and the first voltage acquisition unit to the N-th voltage acquisition unit are respectively used for acquiring voltages of the corresponding first battery unit to the N-th battery unit;
the N equalization units consist of a first equalization unit to an N equalization unit; the first ends of the first equalization unit to the N equalization unit are respectively connected with the anodes of the corresponding first battery unit to the N battery unit, and the second ends of the first equalization unit to the N equalization unit are respectively connected with the cathodes of the corresponding first battery unit to the N battery unit;
N driving units, which are composed of the first driving unit to the nth driving unit; the first end of the first driving unit is connected with the corresponding first voltage end of the control unit to the corresponding N-1 voltage end of the control unit, the first end of the N driving unit is connected with the control end of the control unit, the second end of the first driving unit is connected with the corresponding negative electrode of the first battery unit to the corresponding negative electrode of the N battery unit, and the driving end of the first driving unit to the driving end of the N driving unit is connected with the corresponding driven end of the first balancing unit to the corresponding N balancing unit.
In one embodiment of the disclosure, the battery equalization circuit further includes:
and N switch units, wherein each switch unit is built in the control unit and is respectively connected between each voltage end of the control unit and two adjacent ends in the control end.
The N switch units consist of a first switch unit to an N switch unit; wherein, the first ends of the first switch unit to the N switch unit are respectively connected with the first voltage end to the N voltage end corresponding to the control unit, the second ends of the first switch unit to the N-1 switch unit are respectively connected with the first ends of the second switch unit to the N switch unit, and the second ends of the N switch unit are connected with the control end of the control unit
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the control unit is configured to:
according to the voltage of each battery unit, calculating the voltage difference between every two adjacent voltages, and recording the voltage difference as a first voltage difference to an N-1 voltage difference;
determining at least one battery unit with voltage to be balanced according to the first voltage difference to the N-1 voltage difference;
calculating the working time required by the balancing unit corresponding to at least one battery unit with the voltage to be balanced;
and outputting corresponding control signals to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units according to the on-off of the first switch unit to the N switch unit and at least one working time, so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding balancing units, and balancing the voltages of the battery units with the voltages to be balanced.
In one embodiment of the disclosure, the first voltage acquisition unit to the nth voltage acquisition unit are all voltage followers; wherein,
the non-inverting input ends of the voltage followers are respectively used as the first ends of the first voltage acquisition unit to the N-th voltage acquisition unit;
the inverting input end of the voltage follower is connected with the output end of the voltage follower and respectively used as the second ends of the first voltage acquisition unit to the Nth voltage acquisition unit.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first to nth equalization units each include a first resistor and a first transistor; wherein,
the first ends of the first resistors are respectively used as the first ends of the first balancing unit to the N balancing unit;
the second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the first transistor, and the second ends of the first transistor are respectively used as the second ends of the first balancing unit to the Nth balancing unit;
and the third ends of the first transistors are respectively used as driven ends of the first equalization unit to the N equalization unit.
In one embodiment of the disclosure, each of the first to nth driving units includes a second resistor, a third resistor, and a capacitor; wherein,
the first ends of the second resistors are respectively used as the first ends of the first driving unit to the N-1 driving unit;
the second end of the second resistor is respectively connected with the first end of the third resistor and the first end of the capacitor and is respectively used as the driving ends of the first driving unit to the N driving unit;
the second end of the third resistor is connected with the second end of the capacitor and respectively used as the second ends of the first driving unit to the N-1 driving unit.
In one embodiment of the disclosure, the battery equalization circuit further includes: n-1 reference units, wherein the N-1 reference units consist of a first reference unit to an N-1 reference unit; wherein,
the first reference unit to the N-1 reference unit comprise fourth resistors; the first end of the fourth resistor in the first reference unit to the N-1 reference unit is connected with the first end of the capacitor in the corresponding first driving unit to the N-1 driving unit, and the second end of the fourth resistor in the first reference unit to the N-1 reference unit is connected with the second voltage end of the corresponding control unit and the N voltage end.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first to nth switching units each include a fifth resistor and a first switch; wherein,
the first ends of the fifth resistors are respectively used as the first ends of the first switch unit to the N switch unit;
the second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the first end of the first switch;
and the second ends of the first switch are respectively used as the second ends of the first switch unit to the N switch unit.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, the battery equalization circuit further includes: a protection unit; wherein,
the first end of the protection unit is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery unit, the second end of the protection unit is connected with a load, the third end of the protection unit is connected with the current protection end of the control unit, and the fourth end of the protection unit is connected with the temperature protection end of the control unit.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the protection unit includes a second transistor, a third transistor, a sixth resistor, and a seventh resistor; wherein,
a first terminal of the second transistor as a first terminal of the protection unit;
the second end of the second transistor is connected with the first end of the third transistor, and the second end of the third transistor is used as the second end of the protection unit;
the third end of the second transistor is connected with the first end of the sixth resistor, and the second end of the sixth resistor is used as the third end of the protection unit;
the fourth terminal of the third transistor is connected to the first terminal of the seventh resistor, and the second terminal of the seventh resistor serves as the fourth terminal of the protection unit.
According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a battery equalization method based on the above-mentioned battery equalization circuit of the present disclosure includes the following steps:
acquiring the voltage of each battery unit;
and outputting a corresponding control signal to the corresponding driving unit through the control end of the control unit according to the voltage of each battery unit, so that the corresponding driving unit drives the corresponding equalization unit to equalize the voltage of the battery pack.
In one embodiment of the disclosure, the outputting, by the control terminal of the control unit, a corresponding control signal to the corresponding driving unit according to the voltage of each battery unit, so that the corresponding driving unit drives the corresponding equalizing unit to equalize the voltage of the battery pack includes:
according to the voltage of each battery unit, calculating the voltage difference between every two adjacent voltages, and recording the voltage difference as a first voltage difference to an N-1 voltage difference;
determining at least one battery unit with voltage to be balanced according to the first voltage difference to the N-1 voltage difference;
calculating the working time required by the balancing unit corresponding to at least one battery unit with the voltage to be balanced;
And outputting corresponding control signals to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units according to the on-off of the first switch unit to the N switch unit and at least one working time, so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding balancing units, and balancing the voltages of the battery units with the voltages to be balanced.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure at least brings the following beneficial effects:
through the embodiment of the disclosure, the battery equalization circuit comprises a battery pack, N voltage acquisition units, N equalization units, N driving units and a control unit; wherein, the battery pack is connected in series by N battery units; each voltage acquisition unit is respectively connected between the positive electrode of the corresponding battery unit and the voltage end of the control unit and is used for acquiring the voltage of the corresponding battery unit; each equalization unit is respectively connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the corresponding battery unit; the two ends of the first driving unit to the N-1 driving unit are respectively connected between the voltage end of the corresponding control unit and the negative electrode of the battery unit, the two ends of the N driving unit are respectively connected between the control end of the control unit and the negative electrode of the N battery unit, and the driving end of each driving unit is connected with the driven end of the corresponding equalization unit; and the control unit is used for outputting corresponding control signals to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units according to the voltages of the battery units so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding equalization units to equalize the voltages of the battery packs. Therefore, the driving unit and the equalization units are arranged externally, and corresponding control signals are output to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units according to the voltages of the battery units, so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding equalization units to equalize the voltages of the battery packs, equalization of the voltages of the battery units in the battery packs is achieved, damage and influence on the control units are avoided, equalization speed is increased, equalization capacity is improved, and service life of the battery packs is prolonged.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure and do not constitute an undue limitation on the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization circuit in the related art;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is an example diagram of a battery equalization circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a battery equalization circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a battery equalization circuit according to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a battery equalization method according to a specific embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a battery equalization method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present disclosure and in the foregoing figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the disclosure described herein may be capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples are not representative of all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with some aspects of the present disclosure as detailed in the accompanying claims.
The battery equalization circuit and the battery equalization method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Since the battery cells are connected in series, the voltage of the battery pack can be raised, and thus, the battery pack in which the battery cells are connected in series is widely used, for example, in a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. However, when the battery pack is manufactured, there may be a problem that the internal resistance, the voltage, etc. of each battery cell in the battery pack are inconsistent, and the inconsistency may be gradually expanded with the use of the battery pack, eventually resulting in a problem of overcharge or overdischarge of the battery pack, and affecting the service life of the battery pack.
The battery equalization circuit can realize the basic consistency of the voltages of all battery units in the battery pack. At present, the battery equalization circuit mainly comprises an active battery equalization circuit and a passive battery equalization circuit. The active battery equalization circuit is complex and has weak applicability; the passive battery equalization circuit has the defects of small equalization current, weak equalization capability and the like, and particularly the circuit using the coulometer as the passive circuit equalization is more remarkable.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a passive battery equalization circuit in the related art.
The battery equalization circuit shown in fig. 1 is a passive battery equalization circuit.
As shown in fig. 1, the battery equalization circuit includes: cell-1, cell-2, capacitor C11, capacitor C12, resistor R11, resistor R12, resistor R11, resistor R12, switch K11, switch K12, and control unit U1.
The working principle of the battery equalization circuit in the related art is as follows: under the condition that the battery pack stands still, the control unit U1 obtains that the voltage between the battery cells Cell-1 and Cell-2 is inconsistent by detecting the voltages of the battery cells Cell-1 and Cell-2. If the voltages of the battery cells Cell-1 and Cell-2 are inconsistent, the voltage difference between the voltages of the battery cells Cell-1 and Cell-2 is calculated, if the voltage difference is large, the control switches K11 and K12 are turned on, and at the moment, the surplus electric quantity of the battery cells is released by utilizing the R11+r11 and the R12+r12 so as to achieve the consistency of the voltages of the two battery cells.
However, due to the influence of the battery equalization circuit, after the switch K11 or K12 is turned on, the switch K11 or K12 inside the control unit U1 is turned on to release the electric quantity, however, the current in the control unit U1 may be greatly affected by the power, for example, in the case that the equalization current in the control unit U1 is large, the heat generation of the control unit U1 may be serious, and the control unit U1 may be damaged; in the case where the balance current in the control unit U1 is small, the voltage of the battery cells needs to be long to be uniform. For example, under the static condition, the control unit U1 collects voltages of the battery cells Cell-1 and Cell-2, and when the voltage U1 of the battery Cell-1 is less than the voltage U2 of the battery Cell-2 and U2-U1 is greater than the voltage threshold Δu, the control unit U1 will conduct K12, at this time, two ends of the battery Cell-2 are connected in parallel with R12 and R12, so that the battery Cell-2 can be subjected to dissipation of electric quantity through the parallel connected R12 and R12, and at this time, the balancing current i=u2/(r12+r12) will be influenced by heat generated by the control unit U1 to build in R12, so that the balancing current i is smaller, resulting in weak balancing capability and longer balancing time, and thus poor balancing effect.
In order to improve the equalization capacity of a battery equalization circuit, the equalization of voltages of all battery units is realized rapidly, and a control unit is not damaged.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 2, a battery equalization circuit 200 of an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: the battery pack 210, N voltage acquisition units, N equalization units, N driving units, and a control unit 250.
Wherein, the battery pack 210 is connected in series by N battery cells (e.g., the first battery Cell-1 to the nth battery Cell-N); wherein N is more than or equal to 2. Wherein, the N battery cells are formed by connecting a first battery Cell-1 to an N battery Cell-N in series.
And the N voltage acquisition units are respectively connected between the positive electrode of the corresponding battery unit and the voltage end of the control unit and are used for acquiring the voltage of the corresponding battery unit. The N voltage collecting units are composed of first voltage collecting units 221 to N-th voltage collecting units 22N, first ends of the first voltage collecting units 221 to N-th voltage collecting units 22N are respectively connected with anodes of corresponding first battery cells Cell-1 to N-th battery cells Cell-N, second ends of the first voltage collecting units 221 to N-th voltage collecting units 22N are respectively connected with first voltage ends V1 to N-th voltage ends VN of corresponding control units 250, and the first voltage collecting units 221 to N-th voltage collecting units 22N are respectively used for collecting voltages of corresponding first battery cells Cell-1 to N-th battery cells Cell-N.
And N equalization units, wherein each equalization unit is respectively connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the corresponding battery unit. The N equalization units are composed of first equalization units 231 to N equalization units 23N, first ends of the first equalization units 231 to N equalization units 23N are respectively connected with anodes of corresponding first battery units Cell-1 to N battery units Cell-N, and second ends of the first equalization units 231 to N equalization units 23N are respectively connected with cathodes of corresponding first battery units Cell-1 to N battery units Cell-N.
And N driving units, consisting of a first driving unit 241 to an N driving unit 24N, wherein two ends of the first driving unit 241 to the N-1 driving unit 24 (N-1) are respectively connected between the voltage end of the corresponding control unit 250 and the negative electrode of the battery unit, two ends of the N driving unit 24N are respectively connected between the control end of the control unit 250 and the negative electrode of the N battery unit, and the driving end of each driving unit is connected with the driven end of the corresponding equalization unit. The first ends of the first driving units 241 to the N-1 th driving units 24 (N-1) are respectively connected to the first voltage ends V1 to the N-1 th voltage ends V (N-1) of the corresponding control units 250, the first ends of the N-th driving units 24N are connected to the control ends V of the control units 250, the second ends of the first driving units 241 to the N-th driving units 24 (N-1) are respectively connected to the cathodes of the corresponding first battery units Cell-1 to the N-th battery units Cell-N, and the driving ends of the first driving units 241 to the N-th driving units 24N are respectively connected to the driven ends of the corresponding first equalizing units 231 to the N-th equalizing units 23N.
The control unit is configured to output a corresponding control signal to the corresponding driving unit through the control terminal V of the control unit 250 according to the voltage of each battery unit, so that the corresponding driving unit drives the corresponding equalization unit to equalize the voltage of the battery pack 210.
That is, a voltage collecting unit is disposed between the positive electrode of each battery unit and each voltage terminal of the control unit 250, and each voltage collecting unit is external to the control unit 250, and is used for realizing a voltage collecting function, specifically, collecting voltages of the corresponding battery units, which can be recorded as first voltage U1 to nth voltage UN. Corresponding equalization units are disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each battery unit, and each equalization unit is external to the control unit 250 and is used for equalizing voltages of the corresponding battery units. Corresponding driving units are provided for each equalization unit, and each driving unit is external to the control unit 250 and is used for driving the corresponding equalization unit, so that the equalization unit equalizes the voltages of the corresponding battery units.
The battery equalization circuit of the present disclosure may be applied to a working condition such as standing or charging a battery pack, where when the battery pack 210 is in the standing working condition or the charging working condition, the control unit 250 outputs a corresponding control signal to a corresponding driving unit through the control terminal V of the control unit 250 according to the obtained first voltage U1 to the nth voltage UN, so that the corresponding driving unit drives the corresponding equalization unit to equalize the voltages of the unit cells in the battery pack.
For example, when the first voltage U1 is far greater than the second voltage U2, the control signal output by the control terminal V of the control unit 250 cannot make the nth driving unit drive the nth equalizing unit to operate, and at this time, the first driving unit 241 drives the first equalizing unit 231 to operate so as to equalize the first voltage U1 of the first battery Cell-1.
When the (N-1) th voltage U (N-1) is far smaller than the nth voltage UN, the control signal outputted from the control terminal V of the control unit 250 makes the nth driving unit drive the nth equalizing unit to operate, and at this time, the nth driving unit 24N drives the nth equalizing unit 23N to operate so as to equalize the nth voltage UN of the nth battery Cell-1.
Therefore, the battery equalization circuit disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the driving unit and the equalization units are arranged externally, corresponding control signals are output to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units according to the voltages of the battery units, so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding equalization units, and the voltages of the battery packs are equalized, thereby realizing the equalization of the voltages of the battery units in the battery packs, avoiding the damage and influence on the control units, accelerating the equalization speed, improving the equalization capacity and prolonging the service life of the battery packs.
To further increase the equalization speed and improve the equalization capability, as shown in fig. 3, the battery equalization circuit 200 further includes: n switch units.
Wherein, the N switch units are composed of a first switch unit 251 to an nth switch unit 25N. Each switch unit is built in the control unit 250 and is respectively connected between each voltage end of the control unit 250 and two adjacent ends of the control ends, wherein first ends of the first switch unit 251 to the nth switch unit 25N are respectively connected with first voltage ends V1 to nth voltage ends VN corresponding to the control unit 250, second ends of the first switch unit 251 to the N-1 th switch unit 25 (N-1) are respectively connected with first ends of corresponding second switch units V2 to nth switch unit VN, and second ends of the nth switch unit 25N are connected with the control end V of the control unit 250.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the control unit 250 is configured to: calculating the voltage difference between every two adjacent voltages according to the voltages of the battery units, namely the first voltage U1 to the N-th voltage UN, and recording the voltage difference as a first voltage difference delta U1 to an N-1-th voltage difference delta U (N-1); determining at least one battery cell of which the voltage is to be equalized according to the first voltage difference DeltaU 1 to the N-1 th voltage difference DeltaU (N-1); calculating the working time required by an equalization unit corresponding to at least one battery unit with voltage to be equalized; according to at least one working time, the first switch unit 251 to the nth switch unit 25N are turned on and turned off, and a corresponding control signal is output to a corresponding driving unit through the control terminal V of the control unit 250, so that the corresponding driving unit drives a corresponding balancing unit to balance the voltages of the battery units to be balanced in the battery pack 210.
In this embodiment, the relationship between the voltage difference and the operating time may be obtained experimentally in advance and stored in the form of a table.
After the first to nth voltages U1 to UN are acquired, the control unit 250 calculates Δu1=u1-U2, Δu2=u2-U3, … …, Δu (N-1) =u (N-1) -UN, then determines which of Δu1, Δu2, … …, and Δu (N-1) are positive values and which are negative values, and compares the positive value of the voltage difference with the first set voltage difference threshold Δu1, and compares the negative value of the voltage difference with the second set voltage difference threshold Δu2 (Δu2 may be set to the opposite number of Δu1). If the voltage difference of the positive part is greater than the first set voltage threshold value DeltaU 1, determining that the battery Cell with the voltage to be balanced is the battery Cell corresponding to the former with the voltage difference, for example, U1-U2= DeltaU 1 (positive value) > DeltaU1, and determining that the first battery Cell-1 is the battery Cell to be balanced; if the negative voltage difference is smaller than the second set voltage threshold DeltaU 1, the battery Cell with the voltage to be balanced is determined as the latter with the voltage difference, for example, U (N-1) -UN= DeltaU (N-1) (negative value) <DeltaU1, and the Nth battery Cell-N is determined as the battery Cell to be balanced.
After the battery units with the voltages to be balanced are obtained, the time required by the balancing units corresponding to the battery units with the voltages to be balanced is obtained in a table look-up mode, and then the battery units with the voltages not to be balanced are controlled to be disconnected; and for the battery units with voltages to be balanced, controlling the corresponding switch units to be closed, and controlling the control end V to output control signals so that the corresponding driving units control the corresponding balancing units to balance the voltages of the battery packs.
For example, example one: the battery units to be balanced in voltage are a first battery unit Cell-1 and an nth battery unit Cell-N, the time required for acquiring the first balancing unit 231 corresponding to the first battery unit Cell-1 to work is 3min, the time required for the nth balancing unit 23N corresponding to the nth battery unit Cell-N to work is 5min, at this time, the first switching unit 251 is controlled to be closed for 3min, the nth switching unit is controlled to be closed for 5min, the second switching unit is controlled to be opened to the first switching unit 25 (N-1), and the control signal output by the control terminal V is controlled to be a first set pulse signal (the first set pulse signal is used for controlling the nth balancing unit 23N to work), so that the voltage of the battery unit to be balanced in the battery pack 210 can be balanced through the balancing unit, the driving unit and the switching unit which are connected in parallel.
In example two, the battery cells to be balanced in voltage are the first battery Cell-1 and the third battery Cell, the time required for obtaining the first balancing unit 231 corresponding to the first battery Cell-1 to work is 3min, the time required for the third balancing unit corresponding to the third battery Cell is 5min, at this time, the first switching unit 251 is controlled to be closed for 3min, the third switching unit is controlled to be closed for 5min, the second switching unit and the fourth switching unit are opened to the nth switching unit, and the control signal output by the control terminal V is controlled to be a second set pulse signal (the second set pulse signal is used for controlling the nth balancing unit 23N to not work), so that the voltage of the battery Cell to be balanced in the battery pack 210 can be balanced through the balancing unit and the switching unit connected in parallel.
Therefore, the battery equalization circuit disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the driving unit and the equalization units are arranged externally, corresponding control signals are output to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units according to the voltages of the battery units, so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding equalization units, the voltages of the battery packs are equalized through the equalization units and the switch units which are connected in parallel, the equalization of the voltages of the battery units in the battery packs is realized, the equalization speed is further improved, the equalization capacity is enhanced, the control units are not damaged, and the service life of the battery packs is prolonged.
The voltage equalization circuit is described below in connection with specific circuit diagrams.
As shown in fig. 4, the first voltage acquisition unit 221 to the nth voltage acquisition unit 22N are all voltage followers; the non-inverting input terminal+ of the voltage follower is respectively used as the first ends of the first voltage acquisition unit 221 to the Nth voltage acquisition unit 22N; the inverting input terminal of the voltage follower is connected to the output terminal of the voltage follower, and serves as the second terminals of the first voltage acquisition unit 221 to the nth voltage acquisition unit 22N, respectively.
As shown in fig. 4, the first to nth equalizing units 231 to 23N each include a first resistor R31 and a first transistor Q31; wherein, the first ends of the first resistor R31 are respectively used as the first ends of the first balancing unit 231 to the nth balancing unit 23N; the second end of the first resistor R31 is connected to the first end of the first transistor Q31, and the second ends of the first transistor Q31 are respectively used as the second ends of the first to nth equalization units 231 to 23N; the third terminals of the first transistor Q31 are driven terminals of the first to nth equalizing units 231 to 23N, respectively. The first transistor Q31 may be a MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) transistor.
As shown in fig. 4, the first driving unit 241 to the nth driving unit 24N each include a second resistor R32, a third resistor R33, and a capacitor C31; wherein, the first ends of the second resistor R32 are respectively used as the first ends of the first driving unit 241 to the N-1 driving unit 24 (N-1); the second end of the second resistor R32 is respectively connected with the first end of the third resistor R33 and the first end of the capacitor C31, and is respectively used as the driving ends of the first driving unit 241 to the nth driving unit 24N; the second terminal of the third resistor R33 is connected to the second terminal of the capacitor C31, and is used as the second terminals of the first driving unit 241 to the N-1 driving unit 24 (N-1), respectively.
In order to enhance the stability of the second voltage acquisition unit 222 to the nth voltage acquisition unit 22N during the voltage acquisition process, as shown in fig. 4, the battery equalization circuit further includes: n-1 reference units.
Wherein, the N-1 reference units are composed of a first reference unit to an N-1 reference unit. The first reference unit to the N-1 reference unit comprise a fourth resistor R34; the first end of the fourth resistor R34 in the first to N-1 th reference units is connected to the first end of the capacitor C31 in the corresponding first to N-1 th driving units 241 to 24 (N-1), and the second end of the fourth resistor R34 in the first to N-1 th reference units is connected to the second voltage end V2 of the corresponding control unit 250 and the nth voltage end VN.
As shown in fig. 4, the first to nth switching units 251 to 25N each include a fifth resistor R35 and a first switch K31; wherein, the first ends of the fifth resistor R35 are respectively used as the first ends of the first switch unit 251 to the nth switch unit 25N; the second terminal of the fifth resistor R35 is connected to the first terminal of the first switch K31, and the second terminals of the first switch K31 are respectively used as the second terminals of the first switch unit 251 to the nth switch unit 25N.
By way of example, example three: when the battery Cell to be balanced is the first battery Cell-1, the working time required for acquiring the first balancing unit 231 corresponding to the first battery Cell-1 is 3min, the first switch K31 in the first switch unit 251 is controlled to be closed for 3min, at this time, the first driving circuit 241 drives the first transistor Q31 in the first balancing circuit 231 to be turned on, and at this time, three parallel branches are utilized to release the redundant electric quantity of the first battery Cell-1 until the voltages of the first battery Cell-1 and the second battery Cell-2 are basically consistent. Wherein the first branch is a first resistor R31 in the first equalizing circuit 231; the second branch is a second resistor R32 in the first driving circuit 241 after the third resistor R33 and the capacitor C31 in the first driving circuit 241 are connected in parallel; the third branch is the fifth resistor R35 in the first switching unit 251.
In the fourth example, when the battery Cell to be balanced is the nth battery Cell-N, the working time required for obtaining the nth battery Cell 23N corresponding to the nth battery Cell-N is 5min, the first switch K1 in the nth switch unit is controlled to be closed for 5min, and the nth driving circuit 24N drives the first transistor Q31 in the nth battery Cell 23N to be turned on, so that the redundant electric quantity of the nth battery Cell-N can be released by using the two parallel branches at this time until the voltages of the nth-1 battery Cell- (N-1) and the nth battery Cell-N are basically consistent. The first branch is a first resistor R31 in the nth equalizing circuit 23N; the second branch is connected in parallel with the third resistor R33 and the capacitor C31 in the nth driving circuit 24N, and then connected in series with the second resistor R32 and the fifth resistor R35 in the nth switching unit 25N in the nth driving circuit 24N.
In order to perform overcurrent and overtemperature protection on the battery equalization circuit, as shown in fig. 4, the battery equalization circuit further includes: the first end of the protection unit is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery unit Cell-1, the second end of the protection unit is connected with one end P+ of the load P, the other end P-of the load P is grounded, the third end of the protection unit is connected with the current protection end B1 of the control unit 250, and the fourth end of the protection unit is connected with the temperature protection end B2 of the control unit 250. Wherein, the protection unit comprises a second transistor Q32, a third transistor Q33, a sixth resistor R36 and a seventh resistor R37; wherein, the first end of the second transistor Q32 is used as the first end of the protection unit; a second terminal of the second transistor Q32 is connected to a first terminal of the third transistor Q33, and a second terminal of the third transistor Q33 serves as a second terminal of the protection unit; the third end of the second transistor Q32 is connected with the first end of a sixth resistor R36, and the second end of the sixth resistor R36 is used as the third end of the protection unit; the third terminal of the third transistor Q33 is connected to the first terminal of the seventh resistor R37, and the second terminal of the seventh resistor R37 serves as the fourth terminal of the protection unit.
A lead is led out from a node between the negative electrode of the nth battery Cell-N and the ground, and the lead is connected in series with a precision resistor Rense and then connected to the other end P of the load P. The current collection terminal CS at the position where the precision resistor Rense flows on the one wire is connected to the current collection terminal CS of the control unit 250.
In this embodiment, the control unit 250 may obtain the current flowing through the precision resistor Rense through the current collection terminal CS, and output a first setting signal (the first setting signal is used to control the second transistor Q32 to be turned off) through the current protection terminal when the collected current is greater than the set current, so as to perform the overcurrent protection on the voltage equalization circuit.
The control unit 250 may also perform over-temperature protection on the voltage equalization circuit by acquiring the temperature of the voltage equalization circuit and outputting a second setting signal (the second setting signal is used to control the second transistor Q32 to be turned off) through the temperature protection terminal when the acquired temperature is greater than the set temperature.
As a specific example, the battery pack 210 includes two battery cells, i.e., a first battery Cell-1 and a second battery Cell-2, and a specific voltage equalization circuit, as shown in fig. 5. The operation of the voltage equalization circuit shown in fig. 5 is as shown in fig. 6, and includes the following steps:
S601, voltage data U1, U2 of the first battery cell and the second battery cell are acquired.
S602, calculating DeltaU1= |U1-U2|, and judging whether DeltaU1 > -DeltaU is true or not. If yes, go to step S603; if not, return to step S601.
S603, obtaining the OCV1 of the first battery unit and the OCV2 of the second battery unit. Here, OCV (Open Circuit Voltage, OCV) refers to a voltage value after the battery cell stops charging or discharging.
S604, calculating the tolerance amount between the capacity of the first battery cell and the capacity of the second battery cell according to the OCV1 and the OCV2. Wherein the relationship between OCV and capacity can be obtained through experimentation, for example, can be stored in a tabular form for later use.
S605, calculating the on time of the first transistor in the first equalization circuit and the first transistor in the second equalization circuit according to the capacity difference.
S606, controlling the on-off of the first switch in the first switch unit and the first switch in the second switch unit, and returning to the step S501 to continuously monitor the voltage data U1 and U2 of the first battery unit and the second battery unit.
In summary, the voltage equalization circuit of the embodiment of the disclosure includes a battery pack, N voltage acquisition units, N equalization units, N driving units, and a control unit; wherein, the battery pack is connected in series by N battery units; each voltage acquisition unit is respectively connected between the positive electrode of the corresponding battery unit and the voltage end of the control unit and is used for acquiring the voltage of the corresponding battery unit; each equalization unit is respectively connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the corresponding battery unit; the two ends of the first driving unit to the N-1 driving unit are respectively connected between the voltage end of the corresponding control unit and the negative electrode of the battery unit, the two ends of the N driving unit are respectively connected between the control end of the control unit and the negative electrode of the N battery unit, and the driving end of each driving unit is connected with the driven end of the corresponding equalization unit; and the control unit is used for outputting corresponding control signals to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units according to the voltages of the battery units so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding equalization units to equalize the voltages of the battery packs. Therefore, the circuit is isolated by externally arranging the driving unit and the equalization units, and corresponding control signals are output to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units according to the voltages of the battery units, so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding equalization units to equalize the voltages of the battery packs, the equalization of the voltages of the battery units in the battery packs is realized, the damage and influence on the control units are avoided, the equalization speed is accelerated, the equalization capacity is improved, and the service life of the battery packs is prolonged.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a battery equalization method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 7, a battery equalization method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes:
s701, the voltage of each battery cell is acquired.
S702, according to the voltages of the battery units, corresponding control signals are output to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units, so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding equalization units to equalize the voltages of the battery packs.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, according to voltages of the battery cells, outputting, by a control terminal of a control unit, a corresponding control signal to a corresponding driving unit to make the corresponding driving unit drive a corresponding equalization unit, equalizing voltages of the battery pack, including:
according to the voltages of the battery units, calculating the voltage difference between every two adjacent voltages, and recording the voltage difference as a first voltage difference to an N-1 voltage difference;
determining at least one battery unit with voltage to be balanced according to the first voltage difference to the N-1 voltage difference;
calculating the working time required by an equalization unit corresponding to at least one battery unit with voltage to be equalized;
and outputting corresponding control signals to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units according to the on-off of the first switch unit to the N switch unit and at least one working time, so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding equalization units, and equalizing the voltages of the battery units with voltages to be equalized.
It should be noted that, for details not disclosed in the battery equalization method in the embodiment of the present disclosure, please refer to details disclosed in the battery equalization circuit in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and details are not described here again.
According to the battery balancing method of the embodiment of the disclosure, the voltage of each battery unit is obtained; and controlling a control signal output by a control end of the control unit according to the voltage of each battery unit so that the corresponding driving unit drives the corresponding equalization unit to equalize the voltage of the battery pack. Therefore, the method realizes the equalization of the voltages of all battery units in the battery pack, avoids the damage and influence on the control unit, has high equalization speed and high equalization capacity, and prolongs the service life of the battery pack.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any adaptations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following the general principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be effected without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (14)
- A battery equalization circuit, comprising:a battery pack in which N battery cells are connected in series; wherein N is more than or equal to 2;the N voltage acquisition units are respectively connected between the positive electrode of the corresponding battery unit and the voltage end of the control unit and are used for acquiring the voltage of the corresponding battery unit;the N equalization units are respectively connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the corresponding battery unit;the N driving units are respectively connected between the voltage end of the corresponding control unit and the negative electrode of the battery unit at two ends of the first driving unit to the N-1 driving unit, the two ends of the N driving unit are respectively connected between the control end of the control unit and the negative electrode of the N battery unit, and the driving end of each driving unit is connected with the corresponding driven end of the equalizing unit;the control unit is used for outputting corresponding control signals to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units according to the voltage of each battery unit so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding equalization units to equalize the voltage of the battery pack.
- The battery equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein,the N battery units are formed by connecting first battery units to N battery units in series;the N voltage acquisition units consist of a first voltage acquisition unit to an Nth voltage acquisition unit; the first ends of the first voltage acquisition unit to the N-th voltage acquisition unit are respectively connected with the anodes of the corresponding first battery unit to the N-th battery unit, the second ends of the first voltage acquisition unit to the N-th voltage acquisition unit are respectively connected with the corresponding first voltage end to the N-th voltage end of the control unit, and the first voltage acquisition unit to the N-th voltage acquisition unit are respectively used for acquiring voltages of the corresponding first battery unit to the N-th battery unit;the N equalization units consist of a first equalization unit to an N equalization unit; the first ends of the first equalization unit to the N equalization unit are respectively connected with the anodes of the corresponding first battery unit to the N battery unit, and the second ends of the first equalization unit to the N equalization unit are respectively connected with the cathodes of the corresponding first battery unit to the N battery unit;N driving units, which are composed of the first driving unit to the nth driving unit; the first end of the first driving unit is connected with the corresponding first voltage end of the control unit to the corresponding N-1 voltage end of the control unit, the first end of the N driving unit is connected with the control end of the control unit, the second end of the first driving unit is connected with the corresponding negative electrode of the first battery unit to the corresponding negative electrode of the N battery unit, and the driving end of the first driving unit to the driving end of the N driving unit is connected with the corresponding driven end of the first balancing unit to the corresponding N balancing unit.
- The battery equalization circuit according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:and N switch units, wherein each switch unit is built in the control unit and is respectively connected between each voltage end of the control unit and two adjacent ends in the control end.
- The battery equalization circuit of claim 3, wherein,the N switch units consist of a first switch unit to an N switch unit; the first ends of the first switch unit to the N switch unit are respectively connected with the first voltage end to the N voltage end corresponding to the control unit, the second ends of the first switch unit to the N-1 switch unit are respectively connected with the first ends of the second switch unit to the N switch unit, and the second ends of the N switch unit are connected with the control end of the control unit.
- The battery equalization circuit of claim 3 or 4, wherein said control unit is configured to:according to the voltage of each battery unit, calculating the voltage difference between every two adjacent voltages, and recording the voltage difference as a first voltage difference to an N-1 voltage difference;determining at least one battery unit with voltage to be balanced according to the first voltage difference to the N-1 voltage difference;calculating the working time required by the balancing unit corresponding to at least one battery unit with the voltage to be balanced;and outputting corresponding control signals to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units according to the on-off of the first switch unit to the N switch unit and at least one working time, so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding balancing units, and balancing the voltages of the battery units with the voltages to be balanced.
- The battery equalization circuit of claim 2, wherein said first voltage acquisition unit to said nth voltage acquisition unit are voltage followers; wherein,the non-inverting input ends of the voltage followers are respectively used as the first ends of the first voltage acquisition unit to the N-th voltage acquisition unit;The inverting input end of the voltage follower is connected with the output end of the voltage follower and respectively used as the second ends of the first voltage acquisition unit to the Nth voltage acquisition unit.
- The battery equalization circuit of claim 2, wherein the first equalization unit to the nth equalization unit each include a first resistor and a first transistor; wherein,the first ends of the first resistors are respectively used as the first ends of the first balancing unit to the N balancing unit;the second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the first transistor, and the second ends of the first transistor are respectively used as the second ends of the first balancing unit to the Nth balancing unit;and the third ends of the first transistors are respectively used as driven ends of the first equalization unit to the N equalization unit.
- The battery equalization circuit of claim 2, wherein said first drive unit through said nth drive unit each comprise a second resistor, a third resistor, and a capacitor; wherein,the first ends of the second resistors are respectively used as the first ends of the first driving unit to the N-1 driving unit;The second end of the second resistor is respectively connected with the first end of the third resistor and the first end of the capacitor and is respectively used as the driving ends of the first driving unit to the N driving unit;the second end of the third resistor is connected with the second end of the capacitor and respectively used as the second ends of the first driving unit to the N-1 driving unit.
- The battery equalization circuit of claim 8, further comprising: n-1 reference units, wherein the N-1 reference units consist of a first reference unit to an N-1 reference unit; wherein,the first reference unit to the N-1 reference unit comprise fourth resistors; the first end of the fourth resistor in the first reference unit to the N-1 reference unit is connected with the first end of the capacitor in the corresponding first driving unit to the N-1 driving unit, and the second end of the fourth resistor in the first reference unit to the N-1 reference unit is connected with the second voltage end of the corresponding control unit and the N voltage end.
- The battery equalization circuit of claim 4, wherein said first switching unit to said nth switching unit each comprise a fifth resistor and a first switch; wherein,The first ends of the fifth resistors are respectively used as the first ends of the first switch unit to the N switch unit;the second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the first end of the first switch;and the second ends of the first switch are respectively used as the second ends of the first switch unit to the N switch unit.
- The battery equalization circuit according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: a protection unit; wherein,the first end of the protection unit is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery unit, the second end of the protection unit is connected with a load, the third end of the protection unit is connected with the current protection end of the control unit, and the fourth end of the protection unit is connected with the temperature protection end of the control unit.
- The battery equalization circuit of claim 11, wherein the protection unit comprises a second transistor, a third transistor, a sixth resistor, and a seventh resistor; wherein,a first terminal of the second transistor as a first terminal of the protection unit;the second end of the second transistor is connected with the first end of the third transistor, and the second end of the third transistor is used as the second end of the protection unit;The third end of the second transistor is connected with the first end of the sixth resistor, and the second end of the sixth resistor is used as the third end of the protection unit;the fourth terminal of the third transistor is connected to the first terminal of the seventh resistor, and the second terminal of the seventh resistor serves as the fourth terminal of the protection unit.
- A battery balancing method based on a battery balancing circuit according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized by comprising the steps of:acquiring the voltage of each battery unit;and outputting a corresponding control signal to the corresponding driving unit through the control end of the control unit according to the voltage of each battery unit, so that the corresponding driving unit drives the corresponding equalization unit to equalize the voltage of the battery pack.
- The battery equalization method of claim 13, wherein said outputting a corresponding control signal to a corresponding driving unit through a control terminal of said control unit according to a voltage of each of said battery cells to cause the corresponding driving unit to drive the corresponding equalization unit, equalizing the voltage of said battery pack, comprises:According to the voltage of each battery unit, calculating the voltage difference between every two adjacent voltages, and recording the voltage difference as a first voltage difference to an N-1 voltage difference;determining at least one battery unit with voltage to be balanced according to the first voltage difference to the N-1 voltage difference;calculating the working time required by the balancing unit corresponding to at least one battery unit with the voltage to be balanced;and outputting corresponding control signals to the corresponding driving units through the control ends of the control units according to the on-off of the first switch unit to the N switch unit and at least one working time, so that the corresponding driving units drive the corresponding balancing units, and balancing the voltages of the battery units with the voltages to be balanced.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2022/096496 WO2023230937A1 (en) | 2022-05-31 | 2022-05-31 | Battery balancing circuit and battery balancing method |
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| CN117501577A true CN117501577A (en) | 2024-02-02 |
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| CN202280004425.2A Pending CN117501577A (en) | 2022-05-31 | 2022-05-31 | Battery equalization circuit and battery equalization method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20100033128A1 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2010-02-11 | O2Micro, Inc. | Circuit and method for cell balancing |
| TWI400854B (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2013-07-01 | Green Solution Tech Co Ltd | Circuit and method for balancing battery voltages |
| US8872478B2 (en) * | 2010-03-09 | 2014-10-28 | O2Micro Inc. | Circuit and method for balancing battery cells |
| JP5961347B2 (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2016-08-02 | ラピスセミコンダクタ株式会社 | Battery monitoring system and discharging method |
| CN105337356B (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2019-12-27 | 华润矽威科技（上海）有限公司 | Voltage equalization circuit |
| CN108418272B (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2020-05-08 | 吉林大学 | Battery pack balancing system considering battery life and control method |
| CN112737012B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2023-03-24 | 上海摩芯半导体技术有限公司 | Equalization control circuit and equalization control method for rechargeable battery pack |
| CN113824182B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-10-10 | 东莞钜威动力技术有限公司 | Passive equalization method and passive equalization system for self-varying period |
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