CN117498577A - WPT battery charger based on optimal frequency tracking control method - Google Patents

WPT battery charger based on optimal frequency tracking control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117498577A
CN117498577A CN202311468251.8A CN202311468251A CN117498577A CN 117498577 A CN117498577 A CN 117498577A CN 202311468251 A CN202311468251 A CN 202311468251A CN 117498577 A CN117498577 A CN 117498577A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
frequency
tracking control
input impedance
wpt
phase difference
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CN202311468251.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
许飞
郑华磊
张献
邓希权
任毓祥
陈志鑫
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Hebei University of Technology
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Hebei University of Technology
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Priority to CN202311468251.8A priority Critical patent/CN117498577A/en
Publication of CN117498577A publication Critical patent/CN117498577A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/083—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the ignition at the zero crossing of the voltage or the current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a WPT battery charger based on an optimal frequency tracking control method, which is used for establishing an S-S compensation WPT converter topological structure model with a secondary active rectifier and determining an input impedance expression of the topological structure model; deriving a relational expression of an input impedance angle and a working frequency, and performing frequency tracking control by detecting the input impedance angle; detecting a phase difference when the coil gap distance is changed using a phase difference detection circuit; and constructing a frequency tracking control algorithm on the DSP microcontroller, and tracking to obtain the optimal frequency. The invention has the beneficial effects that: by detecting the input phase angle, when the gap distance changes and the magnetic coupler misplacement changes, the system resonant frequency can be tracked and accurately determined, so that the WPT system can simultaneously meet CC output, optimal transmission efficiency and ZVS, and the working efficiency is improved.

Description

WPT battery charger based on optimal frequency tracking control method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless power transmission of electric automobiles, and particularly relates to a WPT battery charger based on an optimal frequency tracking control method.
Background
In order to improve the reliability and efficiency of charging an electric automobile, many researches have explored a Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) charger, and a typical wireless power transmission charger generally needs to perform information communication between a transmitting end and a receiving end before starting, and can realize constant current output according to a threshold voltage of a charging state.
However, these typical communication methods do not take into account that the mutual inductance and resonance frequency change due to the coil gap distance and the coil offset distance, and particularly, when the magnetic coupler of the ferrite core or the aluminum shielding plate is operated at a non-resonance frequency, the CC output and ZVS effect are deteriorated, and the system efficiency is lowered.
In the prior art, when the WPT charges the battery load, the charging position is arbitrary, the charging effect at each position is different, if the system operating frequency is regarded as a fixed value, the CC output and the optimal efficiency point during charging will be only one, and a currently proposed communication mode for charging mode control can realize the CC output according to the Constant Voltage (CV) threshold of the charging state, and the communication mode does not need any additional battery management and additional dc-dc regulator, but cannot simultaneously satisfy the CC output, the optimal transmission efficiency and the ZVS due to the fact that the mutual inductance and the system resonant frequency may change due to the change of the coil gap distance and the offset distance, so that the CC output, the ZVS and the system efficiency effect of the WPT system are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to propose a WPT battery charger based on an optimal frequency tracking control method, in order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned part of technical problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the first aspect of the present invention provides an optimal frequency tracking control method, including:
establishing an S-S compensation WPT converter topological structure model with a secondary active rectifier, and determining an input impedance expression of the topological structure model;
deriving a relational expression of an input impedance angle and a working frequency, and performing frequency tracking control by detecting the input impedance angle;
detecting a phase difference when the coil gap distance is changed using a phase difference detection circuit;
and constructing a frequency tracking control algorithm on the DSP microcontroller, and tracking to obtain the optimal frequency.
Further, the S-S compensated WPT converter topology model of the secondary active rectifier contains the following parameters:
self-inductance, equivalent parasitic resistance, mutual inductance and coupling coefficient of the magnetic coupler;
the primary side and the secondary side of the S-S compensation capacitor are respectively driven by the inverter and the active rectifier;
and calculating the working angular frequency according to parameters in the topological structure model of the S-S compensation WPT converter of the secondary active rectifier.
Further, the process of determining the input impedance expression of the topology model includes:
the MOSFETs on the diagonal line are set to be on and off simultaneously at a duty ratio of 50%, the MOSFETs on the same side are complementarily on, and the secondary side active rectifier works as a passive rectifier, so that the total input impedance after the primary side inverter is obtained.
Further, the process of deriving the relation expression of the input impedance angle and the working frequency comprises the following steps:
and calculating to obtain the total input impedance of the primary side inverter according to the relation between the working angular frequency and the equivalent parasitic resistance in the circuit, calculating to obtain an input impedance angle according to the total input impedance, and finally obtaining a relation expression of the input impedance angle and the working frequency.
Further, the process of detecting the phase difference when the coil gap distance is changed using the phase difference detection circuit includes:
collecting current by using a high-frequency current transformer, sending a sampling signal to a sampling adjustment circuit, sending an output signal to a precise comparator, and executing zero crossing detection;
the output signal and the control signal of the precision comparator are sent to an exclusive OR logic arithmetic unit;
the pulse width of the output signal of the exclusive or logic operator is used as the phase difference between the control signal and the output signal of the precision comparator.
Further, the frequency tracking control algorithm constructed on the DSP microcontroller includes:
continuously detecting the pulse width of the output signal of the exclusive OR logic arithmetic unit, gradually increasing the working frequency from the lowest resonance frequency, and setting corresponding step length;
when the pulse width of the output signal of the exclusive or logic arithmetic unit is close to zero, obtaining a new resonance frequency tracked after coil offset, and taking the new resonance frequency as an optimal frequency;
and setting an allowable error, and recognizing that the resonant frequency of the system is tracked when the detected phase difference is smaller than a preset error angle.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a WPT battery charger based on an optimal frequency tracking control method, comprising:
the power supply module, the inversion module, the compensation module, the coupling module, the active rectifying module, the detection module, the microprocessor and the gate electrode driving circuit;
the power supply module is used for supplying power to the WPT system;
the inversion module is used for converting direct current into high-frequency alternating current, wherein the model of a MOSFET power tube is IPP65R045, and the model of a diode is MBR20200;
the compensation module comprises a primary side and a secondary side of an S-S compensation capacitor;
the coupling module is used for transmitting electric energy;
the active rectifying module rectifies alternating current into direct current to supply power for a load;
the detection module comprises a high-frequency current sensor, a comparison amplifying circuit and a zero-crossing comparator and is used for detecting the phase difference when the gap distance of the coil is changed;
the microprocessor is used for programming and generating PWM waves;
the gate electrode driving circuit is used for driving the MOSFET to be turned on and turned off.
Compared with the prior art, the WPT battery charger based on the optimal frequency tracking control method has the following beneficial effects:
by detecting the input phase angle, when the gap distance changes and the magnetic coupler misplacement changes, the system resonant frequency can be tracked and accurately determined, so that the WPT system can simultaneously meet CC output, optimal transmission efficiency and ZVS, and the working efficiency is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a topology structure model of an S-S compensated WPT converter of a secondary active rectifier according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a control schematic diagram of a frequency tracking control algorithm implemented on a DSP microcontroller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a phase difference detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of experimental waveforms when finding resonant frequencies at a location a and a location B according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Embodiment one:
an optimal frequency tracking control method, comprising:
establishing an S-S compensation WPT converter topological structure model with a secondary active rectifier, and determining an input impedance expression of the topological structure model;
deriving a relational expression of an input impedance angle and a working frequency, and performing frequency tracking control by detecting the input impedance angle;
detecting a phase difference when the coil gap distance is changed using a phase difference detection circuit;
and constructing a frequency tracking control algorithm on the DSP microcontroller, and tracking to obtain the optimal frequency.
As shown in fig. 1: the S-S compensated WPT converter topology model of the secondary active rectifier contains the following parameters:
self-inductance L of magnetic coupler p 、L s Equivalent parasitic resistance R p 、R s Mutual inductance M, coupling coefficient k, said coupling coefficient
S-S compensation capacitor C p 、C s Respectively from primary side voltage v p Inverter and secondary side voltage v s Active rectifier drive of (a);
angular frequency of operation
Wherein the subscripts p and s denote parameters of the primary and secondary sides, respectively.
The process of determining the input impedance expression of the topology model includes:
the MOSFETs on the diagonal line are set to be simultaneously turned on and turned off at a duty ratio of 50%, the MOSFETs on the same side are complementarily turned on, the secondary side active rectifier is used as a passive rectifier to work, and the total input impedance after the primary side inverter is as follows:
wherein Z is p 、Z s Primary side and secondary side resonant network impedances, R eq Is equivalent load obtained from the input side of the active rectifier, and the three components respectively satisfy:
Z p ＝R p +jωL p +1/jωC p ；
Z s ＝R s +jωL s +1/jωC s ；
R eq ＝V s /I s ＝8R L /π 2 。
the process of deriving the expression of the relationship between the input impedance angle and the operating frequency includes:
according to ωM > R and ω in the circuit 2 M 2 ＞＞R p R s The total input impedance after further calculation to obtain the primary side inverter is:
wherein the unit operating frequencyR L The method comprises the following steps: equivalent resistance of the battery;
and then calculate the input impedance angle
When the WPT system is operated at the natural resonant frequency point, i.e.When the input impedance of the WPT converter is purely resistive, the impedance phase angle +.>
As shown in fig. 3: the process of detecting the phase difference when the coil gap distance is changed using the phase difference detection circuit includes:
acquisition of current i using a high frequency current transformer p Will sample the signal i p1 Sending the output signal i into a sampling adjustment circuit p2 Feeding into a precision comparator TL3016 and performing zero crossing detection;
output signal i of precision comparator pz And control signal G 1 Into an exclusive-or logic operator XOR, where G 1 For outputting voltage v p Is a phase of (2);
taking the pulse width of the XOR output signal as G 1 And i pz Phase difference between them.
The frequency tracking control algorithm constructed on the DSP microcontroller comprises the following steps:
continuously detecting pulse width of XOR output signal from lowest resonance frequency f min Starting to gradually increase the working frequency, wherein the step length is delta f;
when the pulse width of the output signal of the XOR is close to zero, a new resonant frequency omega tracked after coil offset is obtained n And will be new in resonant frequency omega n As an optimal frequency;
theoretically, when the resonant frequency is tracked, the detected pulse width of the output signal of the XOR is zero, however, due to the discrete variation of the operating frequency and the phase detection error in the hardware, the pulse width of the output signal of the XOR is not equal to zero in practical applications;
thus, the allowable error ζ is set, and when the detected phase difference is smaller than the preset error angle, the resonance frequency of the system is determined to have been tracked, and ζ is set to 8 ° in the present embodiment.
As shown in fig. 2: the frequency tracking control algorithm is programmed in the DSPTMS320F28335 microcontroller for the resonant frequency tracking scheme, detecting the pulse width of the XOR output signal in each switching cycle, and for fast searching of the resonant frequency, the operating frequency is set to sweep from the lowest resonant frequency 85.02kHz (when the air gap distance is 3.5 cm), with a step size Δf=0.25 kHz (Δn≡5).
The working process comprises the following steps:
the initial minimum operating frequency of the WPT charger was set to 85.02kHz, as shown in fig. 4 (a), the operating frequency was swept from 85.02kHz when the receiving coil was at position a, the search step was changed to Δf=0.25 kHz, and the operating frequency was raised to a new natural resonant frequency 88.27kHz after 60 ms;
when the receiving coil is in the B position, the operating frequency is swept from 85.02kHz to a new natural resonant frequency 86.77kHz after 35 milliseconds, as shown in fig. 4 (d);
as shown in fig. 4 (b) and 4 (e): there is a large voltage spike at f= 85.02kHz, since the operating frequency is lower than the resonant frequency of locations a and B, and therefore a large voltage spike occurs, and therefore the input impedance exhibits a capacitive characteristic, which means i p No longer lags behind the upsilon p ZVS is not achieved due to the input phase angle during the sweepGradually approaching a zero value, the voltage peak v caused by the hard switch p Gradually decreasing.
As shown in fig. 4 (c) and 4 (f): comparing the theoretical resonant frequency with the measured operating frequencies of the position A and the position B, wherein the tracked operating frequency is close to the natural resonant frequency and the errors are smaller than 0.5%, so that the new resonant frequency omega tracked after coil deflection can be known when the pulse width of the output signal of the XOR is close to zero n I.e. the current optimal frequency.
Embodiment two:
a WPT battery charger based on an optimal frequency tracking control method, comprising:
the power supply module, the inversion module, the compensation module, the coupling module, the active rectifying module, the detection module, the microprocessor and the gate electrode driving circuit;
the power supply module is used for supplying power to the WPT system;
the inversion module is used for converting direct current into high-frequency alternating current, wherein the model of a MOSFET power tube is IPP65R045, and the model of a diode is MBR20200;
the compensation module includes a primary side C of an S-S compensation capacitor p And a secondary side C s ；
The coupling module is used for transmitting electric energy;
the active rectifying module rectifies alternating current into direct current to supply power for a load;
the detection module comprises a high-frequency current sensor, a comparison amplifying circuit and a zero-crossing comparator and is used for detecting the phase difference when the gap distance of the coil is changed
The microprocessor is used for programming and generating PWM waves;
the gate electrode driving circuit is used for driving the MOSFET to be turned on and turned off.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements and method steps of each example described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the elements and steps of each example have been described generally in terms of functionality in the foregoing description to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed methods and systems may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described division of units is merely a logical function division, and there may be another division manner when actually implemented, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. The units may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. An optimal frequency tracking control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing an S-S compensation WPT converter topological structure model with a secondary active rectifier, and determining an input impedance expression of the topological structure model;
deriving a relational expression of an input impedance angle and a working frequency, and performing frequency tracking control by detecting the input impedance angle;
detecting a phase difference when the coil gap distance is changed using a phase difference detection circuit;
and constructing a frequency tracking control algorithm on the DSP microcontroller, and tracking to obtain the optimal frequency.
2. The optimal frequency tracking control method according to claim 1, wherein:
the S-S compensated WPT converter topology model of the secondary active rectifier contains the following parameters:
self-inductance, equivalent parasitic resistance, mutual inductance and coupling coefficient of the magnetic coupler;
the primary side and the secondary side of the S-S compensation capacitor are respectively driven by the inverter and the active rectifier;
and calculating the working angular frequency according to parameters in the topological structure model of the S-S compensation WPT converter of the secondary active rectifier.
3. The optimal frequency tracking control method according to claim 2, wherein:
the process of determining the input impedance expression of the topology model includes:
the MOSFETs on the diagonal line are set to be on and off simultaneously at a duty ratio of 50%, the MOSFETs on the same side are complementarily on, and the secondary side active rectifier works as a passive rectifier, so that the total input impedance after the primary side inverter is obtained.
4. An optimal frequency tracking control method according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the process of deriving the expression of the relationship between the input impedance angle and the operating frequency includes:
and calculating to obtain the total input impedance of the primary side inverter according to the relation between the working angular frequency and the equivalent parasitic resistance in the circuit, calculating to obtain an input impedance angle according to the total input impedance, and finally obtaining a relation expression of the input impedance angle and the working frequency.
5. The optimal frequency tracking control method according to claim 4, wherein:
the process of detecting the phase difference when the coil gap distance is changed using the phase difference detection circuit includes:
collecting current by using a high-frequency current transformer, sending a sampling signal to a sampling adjustment circuit, sending an output signal to a precise comparator, and executing zero crossing detection;
the output signal and the control signal of the precision comparator are sent to an exclusive OR logic arithmetic unit;
the pulse width of the output signal of the exclusive or logic operator is used as the phase difference between the control signal and the output signal of the precision comparator.
6. The optimal frequency tracking control method according to claim 5, wherein:
the frequency tracking control algorithm constructed on the DSP microcontroller comprises the following steps:
continuously detecting the pulse width of the output signal of the exclusive OR logic arithmetic unit, gradually increasing the working frequency from the lowest resonance frequency, and setting corresponding step length;
when the pulse width of the output signal of the exclusive or logic arithmetic unit is close to zero, obtaining a new resonance frequency tracked after coil offset, and taking the new resonance frequency as an optimal frequency;
and setting an allowable error, and recognizing that the resonant frequency of the system is tracked when the detected phase difference is smaller than a preset error angle.
7. A WPT battery charger employing an optimal frequency tracking control method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
the power supply module, the inversion module, the compensation module, the coupling module, the active rectifying module, the detection module, the microprocessor and the gate electrode driving circuit;
the power supply module is used for supplying power to the WPT system;
the inversion module is used for converting direct current into high-frequency alternating current, wherein the model of a MOSFET power tube is IPP65R045, and the model of a diode is MBR20200;
the compensation module comprises a primary side and a secondary side of an S-S compensation capacitor;
the coupling module is used for transmitting electric energy;
the active rectifying module rectifies alternating current into direct current to supply power for a load;
the detection module comprises a high-frequency current sensor, a comparison amplifying circuit and a zero-crossing comparator and is used for detecting the phase difference when the gap distance of the coil is changed;
the microprocessor is used for programming and generating PWM waves;
the gate electrode driving circuit is used for driving the MOSFET to be turned on and turned off.
CN202311468251.8A 2023-11-07 2023-11-07 WPT battery charger based on optimal frequency tracking control method Pending CN117498577A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311468251.8A CN117498577A (en) 2023-11-07 2023-11-07 WPT battery charger based on optimal frequency tracking control method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311468251.8A CN117498577A (en) 2023-11-07 2023-11-07 WPT battery charger based on optimal frequency tracking control method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN117498577A true CN117498577A (en) 2024-02-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (1)

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