CN117497851A - Electrolyte additive, electrolyte, battery and electricity utilization device - Google Patents
Electrolyte additive, electrolyte, battery and electricity utilization device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117497851A CN117497851A CN202311506161.3A CN202311506161A CN117497851A CN 117497851 A CN117497851 A CN 117497851A CN 202311506161 A CN202311506161 A CN 202311506161A CN 117497851 A CN117497851 A CN 117497851A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- additive
- lithium
- battery
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title description 3
- AUBNQVSSTJZVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M P(=O)([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.[Li+] Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.[Li+] AUBNQVSSTJZVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl sulfate;hydron Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OC=C VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- YZYKZHPNRDIPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) borate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OB(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C YZYKZHPNRDIPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- -1 1, 3-propylene sultone Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyrrolidin-3-ylpyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCCN1C1CNCC1 HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 33
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910012258 LiPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910008284 Si—F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZJPPTKRSFKBZMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].FS(=N)F Chemical compound [Li].FS(=N)F ZJPPTKRSFKBZMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006256 anode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- USGDMCWUHFXPCY-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(C(=O)O)(=O)[O-].P(=O)(O)(O)O.[Li+] Chemical class C(C(=O)O)(=O)[O-].P(=O)(O)(O)O.[Li+] USGDMCWUHFXPCY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015566 LiMn0.4Fe0.6PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016096 LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015831 LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015855 LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011624 LiNi0.7Co0.1Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002995 LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015872 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006172 Tetrafluoroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- RBBXSUBZFUWCAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl hydrogen sulfite Chemical compound OS(=O)OC=C RBBXSUBZFUWCAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZYMKZMDQUPCXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoro prop-2-enoate Chemical compound FOC(=O)C=C ZYMKZMDQUPCXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011366 tin-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIVDETMOCZWPPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyloxyboronic acid Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OB(O)O IIVDETMOCZWPPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The application discloses an electrolyte additive, an electrolyte, a battery and an electric device. The electrolyte additive includes a first lithium salt including lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate and a first additive including vinyl sulfate and tris (trimethylsilyl) borate. Therefore, the decomposition gas production of the electrolyte can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of electrolyte, in particular to electrolyte additives, electrolyte, batteries and electric devices.
Background
With the rapid development of pure electric vehicles, intelligent home, electric tools, intelligent transportation and other markets, the performance requirements of consumers on batteries are continuously improved. The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high specific energy, long cycle life, small self-discharge and the like, and is widely applied to consumer electronic products and energy storage and power batteries. Typically, a battery includes a positive electrode tab, a negative electrode tab, a separator, and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte includes a solvent, an electrolyte lithium salt, and an electrolyte additive. The performance of the battery can be effectively improved by adding an electrolyte additive to the electrolyte. However, current electrolyte additives still present problems during practical use.
Disclosure of Invention
In one aspect of the present application, an electrolyte additive is presented that includes a first lithium salt including lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate and a first additive including vinyl sulfate and tris (trimethylsilyl) borate. Therefore, the decomposition gas production of the electrolyte can be effectively improved.
According to the embodiment of the application, the mass fraction of the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate in the electrolyte additive is a, the mass fraction of the vinyl sulfate in the electrolyte additive is b, and the a/b is 0.1-10. Thus, the high temperature performance and film forming performance of the electrolyte can be improved.
According to the embodiment of the application, the mass fraction of the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate in the electrolyte additive is a, the mass fraction of the tris (trimethylsilyl) borate in the electrolyte additive is c, and the a/c is 0.3-20. Thus, the decomposition gas production of the electrolyte can be further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present application, further comprising: and the second additive comprises at least one of a high-temperature additive, a negative electrode film-forming additive and a stable additive. Thereby, the rate performance, high temperature performance, cycle life, and storage stability of the battery containing the electrolyte additive can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the second additive fulfils at least one of the following conditions: the high-temperature additive comprises at least one of 1, 3-propane sultone, 1, 3-propylene sultone, ethylene sulfate and ethylene sulfite; the negative electrode film-forming additive comprises at least one of ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate; the stable additive comprises at least one of triphenyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphate, pentafluoroethoxyphosphazene and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide. Thereby, the rate performance, high temperature performance, and cycle life of the battery containing the electrolyte additive can be further improved.
In another aspect of the present application, an electrolyte is presented that includes the foregoing electrolyte additive. Thus, the electrolyte has all the features and advantages of the electrolyte additives described above and will not be described in detail herein.
According to the embodiment of the application, the mass fraction of the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate in the electrolyte is 0.3% -2%. Therefore, the high-temperature performance and electrochemical stability of the electrolyte can be improved, and the internal resistance of the battery can be reduced.
According to the embodiment of the application, the mass fraction of the vinyl sulfate in the electrolyte is 0.2% -3%. Therefore, the high-temperature performance of the battery can be further improved, and the internal resistance of the battery can be reduced.
According to the embodiment of the application, the mass fraction of the tri (trimethylsilyl) borate in the electrolyte is 0.1-1%. Thus, the decomposition gas production of the electrolyte during the battery charge-discharge cycle can be further reduced.
According to the embodiment of the application, the mass fraction of the stable additive in the electrolyte is 1-5 per mill. Thus, the storage stability of the electrolyte can be effectively improved.
According to an embodiment of the present application, further comprising: a solvent and an electrolyte lithium salt. Thus, the conductivity and electrochemical stability of the electrolyte can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the solvent includes at least one of a carbonate solvent and a carboxylate solvent. Thereby, dispersion uniformity and ion conductivity of the electrolyte can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the solvent comprises at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, and butyl propionate. Thereby, the dispersion uniformity of the electrolyte can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the electrolyte lithium salt includes at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis-fluorosulfonyl imide, lithium tetrafluoroborate, and lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide. Thereby, the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte can be improved.
According to embodiments of the present application, the molar concentration of the electrolyte lithium salt in the electrolyte is 0.8mol/L to 2mol/L. Thus, the electrolyte can have higher ionic conductivity and lower cost.
In yet another aspect of the present application, a battery is presented that includes the foregoing electrolyte additive, and/or the foregoing electrolyte. Thus, the battery has all of the features and advantages of the electrolyte additives and electrolytes described above and will not be described in detail herein.
According to the embodiment of the application, the lithium ion battery further comprises a positive electrode plate, the positive electrode plate comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer at least positioned on one side of the positive electrode plate, the positive electrode active material layer comprises a positive electrode active material, and the sum of mass fractions of nickel element and iron element in the positive electrode active material is greater than or equal to 40%. Thus, the gram capacity of the positive electrode active material can be increased, and the cost of the positive electrode active material can be reduced.
According to embodiments of the present application, the positive electrode active material satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) The positive electrode active material satisfies the general formula Li a Ni b Co c M1 d M2 e O f R g Wherein a is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1.2,0.6<b<1，0<c<1，0<d<1.0.ltoreq.e.ltoreq.0.2, b+c+d+e.ltoreq.1, f.ltoreq.2, 0.ltoreq.g.ltoreq.1, f+g.ltoreq.2; m1 comprises Mn and/or Al, M2 comprises at least one of Zr, zn, cu, cr, mg, fe, V, ti, sr, sb, Y, W, nb, and R comprises at least one of N, F, S, cl; (2) The positive electrode active material satisfies the following conditionsLiMn x Fe 1－x PO 4 Wherein 0< x < 1. Thus, the gram capacity of the positive electrode active material can be further increased, and the cost of the positive electrode active material can be reduced.
In yet another aspect of the present application, an electrical device is presented that includes the aforementioned battery. Therefore, the power utilization device has all the characteristics and advantages of the battery and is not described in detail herein.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the embodiments, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the embodiments are exemplary only for explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used in the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application; unless otherwise indicated, the numerical values of the parameters set forth in this application may be measured by various measurement methods commonly used in the art (e.g., may be tested according to the methods set forth in the examples of this application).
The terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the description and claims of the present application are intended to be open-ended, i.e., to include the material indicated herein, but not to exclude other aspects.
In the description of the present application, all numbers disclosed herein are approximate, whether or not words of "about" or "about" are used. The numerical value of each number may vary by less than 10% or reasonably as considered by those skilled in the art, such as 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% or 5%.
In the description of the present application, "a and/or B" may include any of the cases of a alone, B alone, a and B, wherein A, B is merely for example, which may be any technical feature of the present application using "and/or" connection.
The energy density of the battery can be effectively improved by increasing the gram capacity of the positive electrode active material and the charging voltage of the battery, but it was found in practical use that the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance of the battery are seriously impaired when the energy density of the battery is improved through the above-described approach. Specifically, taking the positive electrode active material as a high nickel positive electrode active material as an example, the energy density of the battery can be significantly improved by increasing the nickel content of the positive electrode active material, but the structural stability of the positive electrode active material is reduced due to the increase of the nickel content, and the irreversible phase change of the positive electrode active material during the charge and discharge cycle is increased, so that the transition metal dissolution, the microcrack generation and other defects of the positive electrode active material occur. The irreversible phase change process of the positive electrode active material is often accompanied by rupture of the CEI film (Cathode ElectrolyteInterface Interface, positive electrode-electrolyte interface film), so that the electrolyte contacts with the positive electrode active material and permeates into the microcracks of the positive electrode active material, thereby causing side reactions between the positive electrode active material and the electrolyte, accelerating the decomposition and gas production of the electrolyte, and further accelerating the decomposition reaction under high temperature conditions, so that the high temperature performance of the battery is deteriorated. The high-temperature performance of the battery further deteriorates by increasing the charging voltage of the battery, which also results in an excessively high positive electrode potential during charging, and thus the electrolyte is more easily oxidized and decomposed.
It is known that, by increasing the gram capacity of the positive electrode active material and the charging voltage of the battery, both the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte is aggravated, a large amount of reaction heat and gas are released by the continuous oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte, the temperature of the battery is further increased by the large amount of reaction heat, the progress of the oxidative decomposition reaction is aggravated, and meanwhile, the internal pressure of the battery is increased by the large amount of gas generated by the decomposition of the electrolyte, so that the battery is in danger of expansion extrusion or even thermal runaway.
In the present application, by using lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate as an electrolyte additive, the oxidation potential of lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate is pre-charged in the battery before the oxidation potential of the electrolyte solventThe lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate is preferentially oxidized in the process, so that a uniform and compact CEI film is generated at the anode, the gas production of the battery in the pre-charging process can be reduced, meanwhile, the electrochemical stability and the high-temperature performance of the electrolyte can be improved, and the evaporation rate of the electrolyte can be reduced. Further, the oxalate in the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate can be decomposed to generate gas under the conditions of high temperature and high voltage, and through the matched use of the vinyl sulfate and the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate, the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate consumes the oxalate when reacting with the vinyl sulfate, thereby reducing the decomposition and gas generation of the oxalate, and generating LiPO 2 F 2 ，LiPO 2 F 2 Can improve the cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance of the battery, and simultaneously LiPO 2 F 2 Can also form Li-enriched anode surface x PO y F z And an SEI film (Solid Electrolyte Interface, solid electrolyte interface film) of LiF component, which effectively improves the interface resistance of the battery and improves the cycle performance and high temperature performance of the battery. Further, the product produced by the reaction of lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate and vinyl sulfate also contains PF 5 And PF (physical filter) 5 The solution is easy to react with carbonate solvents and/or carboxylate solvents of electrolyte, such as ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and the like, and carbon dioxide, ethylene and other gases are generated, so that the internal pressure of the battery is increased, and the problem can be solved by the combination of tri (trimethylsilyl) borate, ethylene sulfate and lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate, which is caused by the following reasons: tris (trimethylsilyl) borate and PF 5 Is compared with the binding energy of the solvent and PF of the electrolyte 5 Higher binding energy and therefore may be preferred over solvents of the electrolyte to PF 5 The reaction is carried out, thereby effectively reducing the generation of gases such as carbon dioxide, ethylene and the like, and PF 5 The single pair electrons of oxygen atoms in the Si-O bond of the tri (trimethylsilyl) borate can be preferentially attacked to generate Si-F bond, the Si-F bond can participate in the formation of the CEI film, and the structural stability of the CEI film is improved, so that the dissolution of transition metal of the positive electrode active material in the charge-discharge process is inhibited, and the cycle performance of the battery is improved.
In one aspect of the present application, an electrolyte additive is presented that includes a first lithium salt including lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate and a first additive including vinyl sulfate and tris (trimethylsilyl) borate. In the application, the SEI film and the CEI film with better film uniformity and structural stability are obtained by optimizing the composition of the electrolyte additive and utilizing the synergistic effect of lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate, vinyl sulfate and tri (trimethylsilyl) borate.
In some embodiments, the electrolyte additive has a lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate with a mass fraction of a and the electrolyte additive has a vinyl sulfate with a mass fraction of b, a/b ranging from 0.1 to 10.
As examples, a/b may be 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.5, 3.8, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.5, 4.8, 5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.5, 5.8, 6, 6.1, 6.2, 6.5, 6.8, 7, 7.1, 7.2, 7.5, 7.8, 8, 8.1, 8.2, 8.5, 8.8, 9, 9.1, 9.2, 9.5, 9.8, or 10.
Through the reasonable proportion of the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate and the vinyl sulfate, the uniform and stable CEI film and SEI film can be formed, the decomposition gas production of the electrolyte is reduced, and the cycle performance and the high-temperature performance of the battery are improved.
In some embodiments, the reaction of vinyl sulfate and lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate generates Li x PO y F z And LiF is helpful for improving the compactness of the CEI film, reducing the electrochemical impedance of the CEI film, accelerating the transmission rate of lithium ions, simultaneously helping to form a more stable electrode-electrolyte interface, reducing the internal resistance and interface reaction of the battery, playing a role in protecting the positive electrode, particularly under high voltage, effectively inhibiting the continuous decomposition of electrolyte at the positive electrode interface and reducing CO 2 And (3) generating an iso-oxidizing gas.
In some embodiments, the electrolyte additive has a lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate with a mass fraction of a and the electrolyte additive has a tris (trimethylsilyl) borate with a mass fraction of c, a/c ranging from 0.3 to 20.
As examples, a/c may be 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 10.5, 11, 11.5, 12, 12.5, 13, 13.5, 14, 14.5, 15, 15.5, 16, 16.5, 17, 17.5, 18, 18.5, 19, 19.5, or 20.
In some embodiments, the reaction of vinyl sulfate and lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate also produces lithium carbonate, which helps to improve film formation uniformity and stability of the SEI film. However, lithium carbonate reacts with the negative electrode active material, such as graphite, and thus gas generation damages the SEI film on the surface of the negative electrode active material, and is easily subjected to HF and PF 5 Attack by acidic substances and gas generation. Tris (trimethylsilyl) borate as electron-deficient compound can be used with PF in electrolyte 6 - 、F - The combination of the electrolyte and the electrolyte further reduces the content of acidic substances in the electrolyte, reduces the damage of the acidic substances to the electrode interface, reduces the dissolution of transition metals in the positive electrode active material, and improves the interface stability in the storage process of the battery.
Through reasonable proportion of lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate and tri (trimethylsilyl) borate, the generation of carbon dioxide, ethylene and other gases can be effectively reduced, the structural stability of the CEI film is improved, the dissolution of transition metal of the positive electrode active material in the charge and discharge processes is inhibited, and the cycle performance of the battery is improved.
In some embodiments, further comprising: and the second additive comprises at least one of a high-temperature additive, a negative electrode film-forming additive and a stable additive.
The rate performance, high temperature cycle performance, and cycle life of the battery containing the electrolyte additive can be improved by the addition of the second additive.
In some embodiments, the high temperature additive comprises at least one of 1, 3-propane sultone, 1, 3-propene sultone, ethylene sulfate, vinyl sulfite.
The high temperature resistance of the electrolyte can be improved by adding the high temperature additive.
In some embodiments, the negative film-forming additive includes at least one of vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate.
The film formation of SEI can be improved by adding the negative electrode film forming additive, and the film formation uniformity of SEI is improved.
In some embodiments, the stabilizing additive comprises at least one of triphenyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphate, pentafluoroethoxyphosphazene, dicyclohexyl carbodiimide.
The storage stability of the electrolyte can be improved by adding the stable additive, so that the electrolyte can keep stable in property in the storage and transportation processes, and the deterioration caused by the change of external environment is reduced.
In another aspect of the present application, an electrolyte is presented that includes the foregoing electrolyte additive. Thus, the electrolyte has all the features and advantages of the electrolyte additives described above and will not be described in detail herein.
In some embodiments, the mass fraction of lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate in the electrolyte is 0.3% -2%.
As an example, the mass fraction of lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate in the electrolyte may be 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9% or 2.0%.
Compared with other lithium oxalate phosphate compounds, the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate can stably operate in a wide voltage range, and has good cycle life and capacity retention rate; the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate also has lower evaporation rate of electrolyte, and can effectively reduce the mass loss and capacity attenuation of the battery: the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate also has better high-temperature performance, can keep more stable electrochemical performance in a high-temperature environment, and further prolongs the service life of the battery. When the mass fraction of the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate in the electrolyte is within the aforementioned range, the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate contributes to the formation of a uniform and stable CEI film, improving the high temperature performance of the battery.
In some embodiments, the mass fraction of vinyl sulfate in the electrolyte is 0.2% -3%.
As an example, the mass fraction of vinyl sulfate in the electrolyte may be 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, or 3.0%.
Compared with other cyclic sulfate compounds, the vinyl sulfate is used as a low-impedance film forming agent, has higher thermal stability, can maintain a cyclic structure at higher temperature, is not easy to decompose and produce gas, and is beneficial to maintaining the performance of the battery under high-temperature conditions. When the mass fraction of the vinyl sulfate in the electrolyte is in the range, the uniform and stable CEI film is formed, the internal resistance of the battery is reduced, meanwhile, the bad gas production of the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate at high temperature and high voltage can be effectively improved, and the high-temperature performance of the battery is improved.
In some embodiments, the mass fraction of tris (trimethylsilyl) borate in the electrolyte is 0.1% -1%.
As an example, the mass fraction of tris (trimethylsilyl) borate in the electrolyte may be 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 0,
The tri (trimethylsilyl) borate can remove hydrogen fluoride in the electrolyte by utilizing the characteristics of electron-deficient compounds; and can utilize silicon oxygen bond to PF 5 Features of higher affinity to remove PF from electrolytes 5 Further, the generation of gases such as carbon dioxide and ethylene is effectively reduced, and the cycle performance of the battery is improved. When the mass fraction of the tri (trimethylsilyl) borate in the electrolyte is in the range, acidic substances in the electrolyte can be effectively removed, the decomposition and gas production of the electrolyte in the charge-discharge cycle process of the battery can be improved, and the energy density of the battery can not be obviously reduced.
In some embodiments, the mass fraction of the stabilizing additive in the electrolyte is 1-5%.
As an example, the mass fraction of the stabilizing additive in the electrolyte may be 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%.
The storage stability of the electrolyte can be improved by adding fewer stable additives, and meanwhile, the fewer additive amounts are beneficial to controlling and reducing the manufacturing cost of the electrolyte, so that the application scene of the electrolyte is widened.
In some embodiments, further comprising: a solvent and an electrolyte lithium salt.
The solvent is a main component of the electrolyte, and should have high solubility of lithium salt so that the electrolyte has high ionic conductivity.
The electrolyte lithium salt can release lithium ions after being dissolved in the solvent of the electrolyte, and the lithium ions and the solvent form a solvation structure, thereby being beneficial to the rapid migration of the lithium ions.
In some embodiments, the solvent may include at least one of a carbonate solvent and a carboxylate solvent. Thereby, dispersion uniformity and ion conductivity of the electrolyte can be improved.
In some embodiments, the solvent may include at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, and butyl propionate. In other embodiments, the solvent may include at least two of the foregoing.
The solvent in the electrolyte is used as an important carrier for ion transmission, and the electrolyte lithium salt can have higher electronic conductivity after being dissolved, so that the cycle life, charge-discharge multiplying power, high-temperature performance, low-temperature performance and energy density of the battery can be improved by selecting the solvent.
In some embodiments, the solvent may include ethylene carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate in a mass ratio of 1 (0.5-2): 0.5-2.
In some embodiments, the electrolyte lithium salt may include at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis-fluorosulfonyl imide, lithium tetrafluoroborate, and lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide.
In one embodiment, the lithium salt may be lithium bis-fluorosulfonyl imide. The lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide contributes to reducing the generation of hydrogen fluoride in the electrolyte, and accordingly, the amount of tris (trimethylsilyl) borate can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
In some embodiments, the molar concentration of the electrolyte lithium salt in the electrolyte is 0.8mol/L to 2mol/L.
As an example, the molar concentration of the lithium salt of the electrolyte in the electrolyte may be 0.8mol/L, 0.9mol/L, 1.0mol/L, 1.1mol/L, 1.2mol/L, 1.3mol/L, 1.4mol/L, 1.5mol/L, 1.6mol/L, 1.7mol/L, 1.8mol/L, 1.9mol/L, or 2mol/L.
When the molar concentration of the electrolyte lithium salt in the electrolyte is within the above range, the electrolyte lithium salt can be sufficiently dissolved in the solvent, and the electrolyte has both high ionic conductivity and low manufacturing cost.
In yet another aspect of the present application, a battery is presented that includes the foregoing electrolyte additive, and/or the foregoing electrolyte. Thus, the battery has all of the features and advantages of the electrolyte additives and electrolytes described above and will not be described in detail herein.
Typically, a battery includes a positive electrode tab, a negative electrode tab, an electrolyte, and a separator. During the charge and discharge of the battery, active ions are inserted and extracted back and forth between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. The electrolyte plays a role in ion conduction between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. The isolating film is arranged between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, and mainly plays a role in preventing short circuit between the positive pole piece and the negative pole, and meanwhile ions can pass through the isolating film.
In some embodiments, the lithium ion battery further comprises a positive electrode plate, the positive electrode plate comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer at least positioned on one side of the positive electrode plate, the positive electrode active material layer comprises a positive electrode active material, and the sum of the mass fractions of nickel element and iron element in the positive electrode active material is greater than or equal to 40%.
When the mass fraction of the nickel element in the positive electrode active material is within the above range, the cost of the positive electrode active material is low, and the gram capacity is remarkably improved. The increase of the nickel content of the positive electrode active material can lead to the deterioration of the structural stability of the positive electrode active material, the irreversible phase change in the charge-discharge cycle process is increased, the CEI film is broken, the side reaction between the positive electrode active material and the electrolyte is caused, and the decomposition and gas production of the electrolyte are accelerated. By adopting the electrolyte containing the electrolyte additive as the electrolyte of the high-nickel battery, a uniform and firm CEI film can be formed on the positive electrode active material in situ, so that the cycle performance and the high-temperature performance of the battery are improved while the low cost and the high capacity are realized.
When the mass fraction of the iron element in the positive electrode active material is within the aforementioned range, the positive electrode active material has superior cycle stability and lower cost.
In some embodiments, the positive electrode active material satisfies the general formula Li a Ni b Co c M1 d M2 e O f R g Wherein a is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1.2,0.6<b<1，0<c<1，0<d<1.0.ltoreq.e.ltoreq.0.2, b+c+d+e.ltoreq.1, f.ltoreq.2, 0.ltoreq.g.ltoreq.1, f+g.ltoreq.2; m1 comprises Mn and/or Al, M2 comprises at least one of Zr, zn, cu, cr, mg, fe, V, ti, sr, sb, Y, W, nb, and R comprises at least one of N, F, S, cl, so that the gram capacity of the positive electrode active material can be improved, and the cost of the positive electrode active material can be reduced.
In some embodiments, the positive electrode active material may include LiNi 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM712)、LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NCM811)、LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 、LiNi 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.05 O 2 Thereby further increasing the gram capacity of the positive electrode active material and reducing the cost of the positive electrode active material.
In some embodiments, the positive electrode active material satisfies the general formula LiMn x Fe 1－x PO 4 Wherein 0< x < 1.
As an example, positive electrode activityThe material may comprise LiMn 0.6 Fe 0.4 PO 4 、LiMn 0.5 Fe 0.5 PO 4 、LiMn 0.7 Fe 0.3 PO 4 、LiMn 0.4 Fe 0.6 PO 4 At least one of them.
Li deintercalation and consumption of the battery occur during charge and discharge. When the battery is discharged to different states, the Li content of the positive electrode active material is also different. In the list of the positive electrode active materials in the present application, the molar content of Li is the initial state of the material, and when the positive electrode active material is applied to a battery and subjected to cyclic charge and discharge, the molar content of Li changes.
In the list of the positive electrode active materials in the application, the molar content of O is only a theoretical state value, and the lattice oxygen release of the positive electrode active material can cause the change of the molar content of oxygen in the cyclic charge and discharge process of the battery.
In some embodiments, the positive current collector may employ a metal foil or a composite current collector. For example, as the metal foil, aluminum foil may be used. The composite current collector may include a polymeric material base layer and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymeric material base layer. The composite current collector may be formed by forming a metal material (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel alloy, titanium alloy, silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), etc.).
In some embodiments, the positive electrode active material layer may further optionally include a binder. For example, the binder may include at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-propylene terpolymer, a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and a fluoroacrylate resin.
In some embodiments, the positive electrode active material layer may further optionally include a conductive agent. For example, the conductive agent may include at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.
In some embodiments, the negative electrode tab includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode active material layer including a negative electrode active material. The negative active material may include at least one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, mesophase carbon microspheres, a silicon-based material, a tin-based material, and lithium titanate.
In some embodiments, the negative electrode current collector may employ a metal foil or a composite current collector. For example, as the metal foil, copper foil may be used. The composite current collector may include a polymeric material base layer and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymeric material base material. The composite current collector may be formed by forming a metal material (copper, copper alloy, nickel alloy, titanium alloy, silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), etc.).
In some embodiments, the anode active material layer may further include a binder, a conductive agent, and other auxiliary agents. For example, the binder may include at least one of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR), polyacrylic acid (PAA), sodium Polyacrylate (PAAs), polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium Alginate (SA), polymethacrylic acid (PMAA), and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS); the conductive agent may include at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, ketjen black, carbon dots, single-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers; auxiliaries may include thickeners such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) and the like.
The type of the separator is not particularly limited, and any porous separator having good chemical stability and mechanical stability may be selected. For example, the material of the separator may include at least one of glass fiber, nonwoven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride. The separator may be a single-layer film or a multilayer composite film.
The battery of the present application may include a battery cell form, a battery module form, and a battery pack form.
The shape of the battery cell is not particularly limited in this application, and may be cylindrical, square, or any other shape. In some embodiments, the exterior packaging of the battery cell may be a hard shell, such as a hard plastic shell, an aluminum shell, a steel shell, or the like. The outer package of the battery cell may also be a pouch, such as a pouch-type pouch. The soft bag can be made of plastics such as polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate, polybutylene succinate and the like.
In some embodiments, the battery cells may be assembled into a battery module, and the number of battery cells included in the battery module may be one or more, and the specific number may be selected by one skilled in the art according to the application and capacity of the battery module.
In some embodiments, the battery modules may also be assembled into a battery pack, and the number of battery modules included in the battery pack may be one or more, and the specific number may be selected by one skilled in the art according to the application and capacity of the battery pack.
In yet another aspect of the present application, an electrical device is presented that includes the aforementioned battery. Therefore, the power utilization device has all the characteristics and advantages of the battery and is not described in detail herein.
The battery cell, the battery module, and the battery pack may be used as a power source of the electric device, and may also be used as an energy storage unit of the electric device. The power utilization device may include, but is not limited to, mobile devices (e.g., cell phones, notebook computers, etc.), electric vehicles (e.g., electric only vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, and the like.
As the electricity consumption device, a battery module, or a battery pack may be selected according to the use requirements thereof.
The electric device as an embodiment may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or the like. To meet the high power and high energy density requirements of the power device for the battery, a battery pack or battery module may be employed.
The device as another embodiment may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, or the like. The device is generally required to be light and thin, and a battery cell can be used as a power supply.
The following description of the present application is made by way of specific examples, which are given for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. The examples are not to be construed as limiting the specific techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or as per the specifications of the product. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
Example 1
Preparing a positive electrode plate:
uniformly mixing an anode active material NCM811, a binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a conductive agent carbon black and a conductive agent carbon nano tube according to a weight ratio of 93:2.3:2:0.7, adding N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), and stirring under the action of a vacuum stirrer until the mixed system forms anode slurry with uniform fluidity; uniformly coating positive electrode slurry on a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil, wherein the coating weight is 35g/m 2 And (3) drying at 85 ℃, cold pressing, trimming, cutting pieces, splitting, drying at 85 ℃ for 4 hours under vacuum after splitting, and welding the tab to obtain the positive pole piece.
Preparing a negative electrode plate:
mixing negative electrode active material graphite, conductive agent carbon black, thickener sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) and binder styrene-butadiene rubber according to a weight ratio of 95:1.5:1:2.5, adding deionized water, and obtaining negative electrode slurry under the action of a vacuum stirrer; uniformly coating the anode slurry on an anode current collector copper foil, wherein the coating weight is 20g/m 2 And (3) drying at 85 ℃, cold pressing, trimming, cutting pieces, splitting, drying at 85 ℃ for 4 hours under vacuum after splitting, and welding the lugs to obtain the negative electrode plate.
Preparation of electrolyte:
in a glove box filled with argon (moisture is less than 10ppm, oxygen is less than 1 ppm), uniformly mixing solvents of ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate according to a mass ratio of 3:5:2, rapidly adding fully dried lithium difluorosulfimide into the mixed solvent to enable the molar concentration of the lithium difluorosulfimide in the electrolyte to be 1mol/L, adding an electrolyte additive, wherein the first lithium salt is lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate, and the first additive is ethylene sulfate and tris (trimethylsilyl) borate, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the electrolyte. Wherein the mass fraction of lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate in the electrolyte is 0.5%, the mass fraction of vinyl sulfate in the electrolyte is 0.5%, and the mass fraction of tris (trimethylsilyl) borate in the electrolyte is 0.5%.
Preparation of a separation film:
polyethylene isolating film with thickness of 8 μm is selected.
Preparation of a lithium ion battery:
the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece and the isolating film prepared according to the process are manufactured into a lithium ion battery with the thickness of 4.7mm, the width of 55mm and the length of 60mm through a lamination process, and the lithium ion battery is baked for 10 hours at the temperature of 75 ℃ in vacuum and injected with the prepared electrolyte. After standing for 24 hours, the battery was placed under an environment of 45 ℃ and a pressure of 3kg was applied, and after charging to 4.0V at 0.1C (160 mA), it was left standing for 2 days (fully activating the battery) to obtain a battery.
Examples 2 to 14 and comparative examples 1 to 7 are different from example 1 in particular referring to table 1, wherein the electrolyte in example 14 is further added with a second additive triphenyl phosphite, and the mass fraction of triphenyl phosphite in the electrolyte is 1 per mill; comparative example 1 was not added with lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate; comparative example 2 was not added with vinyl sulfate; comparative example 3 was not added with tris (trimethylsilyl) borate; comparative example 4 was not added with lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate and vinyl sulfate; comparative example 5 was not added with lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate and tris (trimethylsilyl) borate; comparative example 6 was not added with vinyl sulfate and tris (trimethylsilyl) borate; comparative example 7 was not added with lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate, vinyl sulfate and tris (trimethylsilyl) borate.
TABLE 1
The batteries of examples 1 to 14 and comparative examples 1 to 7 were subjected to the following test, and the test results are shown in Table 2:
and (3) testing normal temperature cycle performance: the lithium ion battery was subjected to 600 charge-discharge cycles at a current of 0.5C at 25 ℃, and the cycle capacity retention (%) = (600 th discharge capacity/1 st cycle discharge capacity) ×100%.
High temperature cycle performance test: the lithium ion battery was subjected to 300 charge-discharge cycles at 0.5C at 45 ℃, and the cycle capacity retention (%) = (300 th discharge capacity/1 st cycle discharge capacity) ×100%.
And (3) testing formation gas production: measuring gas production DeltaV, deltaV= (m) by drainage method 1 -m 2 ) ρ, wherein m 1 Is the mass of the battery before formation, m 2 After formation, the mass of the cell, ρ, is the density of the liquid water.
DC impedance DCR test: placing the battery in 25 ℃ environment, discharging to cut-off voltage of 2.5V according to 1C constant current, standing for 5min, charging to upper limit voltage of 4.2V with 1C constant current and constant voltage, cutting-off current of 0.05C, discharging according to 1C constant current for 30min, standing for 5min at 25 ℃ with discharge current of 30s at 2C constant current and 2C discharge as I 2C . Record the initial voltage V 0 And voltage V after 30s discharge 1 . The discharge DC internal resistance at 50% SOC was calculated as follows: DCR (mΩ) = (V) 0 -V 1 )/I 2C ×1000。
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the test results in table 2, after the electrolyte additives of examples 1 to 14 were applied to lithium ion batteries, the gas production amount of the batteries was reduced, the internal dc resistance of the battery was reduced, and the cycle performance of the batteries was effectively improved.
Among them, as can be seen from examples 1,3 and 5, lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate can effectively reduce the direct current internal resistance of the battery. Along with the increase of the dosage of the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate, the oxalate in the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate can be decomposed to produce gas under the conditions of high temperature and high voltage, which is manifested by the reduction of the direct current internal resistance of the battery, and the gas production rate is slightly increased and the cycle performance is slightly reduced. In comparative examples 2 and 6, since no vinyl sulfate was added, the high-temperature gas production failure of lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate could not be effectively alleviated, resulting in excessive gas production of the electrolyte.
It can be seen from examples 1, 2 and 7 that when a proper amount of vinyl sulfate is added, the defect of high-temperature gas production of lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate is effectively improved, the gas production of the electrolyte is obviously reduced, and the cycle performance of the battery is improved. Comparative examples 1 and 5 added only vinyl sulfate, but not lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate, and the internal resistance of the battery was large.
As can be seen from example 1 and comparative example 3, since the (trimethylsilyl) borate can remove hydrogen fluoride from the electrolyte by utilizing the characteristics of the electron-deficient compound; and can utilize silicon oxygen bond to PF 5 Features of higher affinity to remove PF from electrolytes 5 And further, the generation of gases such as carbon dioxide, ethylene and the like is effectively reduced, the gas yield of the electrolyte is reduced, and the film forming uniformity and stability of the SEI film are improved, so that the cycle performance of the battery is improved.
The storage shelf life of the electrolyte is greatly improved by the addition of the stabilizing additive (triphenyl phosphite) in example 14. The electrolyte in example 1 had a shelf life of 30 days at 0-10 c and the electrolyte in example 14 had a shelf life of 60 days at 0-10 c.
From the comparison of example 2 and comparative examples 1 to 6, it can be seen that the synergistic effect of lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate, vinyl sulfate and tris (trimethylsilyl) borate provides SEI film and CEI film with superior film uniformity and structural stability, and the composition of the electrolyte additive can also effectively inhibit the generation of carbon dioxide, ethylene, methane, carbon monoxide and other gases, thereby effectively improving the cycle performance and high temperature performance of the battery. The electrolyte performance of only any one or two of lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate, vinyl sulfate and tris (trimethylsilyl) borate is inferior to that of the electrolyte when the three are used together.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely examples, and the present application is not limited to the above embodiments. Examples having substantially the same constitution and exhibiting the same effects as those of the technical idea within the scope of the present application are included in the technical scope of the present application. Various modifications, which can be made by those skilled in the art, or equivalent substitutions for some or all of the technical features thereof, may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present application, and the essence of the corresponding technical solutions does not deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and all such modifications or substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the claims and the specification of the present application.
In addition, as long as there is no conflict between the embodiments, the technical features mentioned in the respective embodiments may be combined in any manner. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.
Claims (19)
1. An electrolyte additive comprising a first lithium salt and a first additive, the first lithium salt comprising lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate and the first additive comprising vinyl sulfate and tris (trimethylsilyl) borate.
2. The electrolyte additive according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate in the electrolyte additive is a, and the mass fraction of the vinyl sulfate in the electrolyte additive is b, and a/b is 0.1 to 10.
3. The electrolyte additive according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate in the electrolyte additive is a, the mass fraction of the tris (trimethylsilyl) borate in the electrolyte additive is c, and a/c is 0.3 to 20.
4. The electrolyte additive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: and the second additive comprises at least one of a high-temperature additive, a negative electrode film-forming additive and a stable additive.
5. The electrolyte additive of claim 4 wherein the second additive satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
the high-temperature additive comprises at least one of 1, 3-propane sultone, 1, 3-propylene sultone, ethylene sulfate and ethylene sulfite;
the negative electrode film-forming additive comprises at least one of ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate;
the stable additive comprises at least one of triphenyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphate, pentafluoroethoxyphosphazene and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide.
6. An electrolyte comprising the electrolyte additive of any one of claims 1-5.
7. The electrolyte according to claim 6, wherein the mass fraction of the lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate in the electrolyte is 0.3% -2%.
8. The electrolyte according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the mass fraction of vinyl sulfate in the electrolyte is 0.2% -3%.
9. The electrolyte according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the mass fraction of tris (trimethylsilyl) borate in the electrolyte is 0.1-1%.
10. Electrolyte according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the mass fraction of the stabilizing additive in the electrolyte is 1-5%.
11. The electrolyte of claim 6, further comprising: a solvent and an electrolyte lithium salt.
12. The electrolyte of claim 11, wherein the solvent comprises at least one of a carbonate solvent and a carboxylate solvent.
13. The electrolyte of claim 12 wherein the solvent comprises at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, and butyl propionate.
14. The electrolyte of any one of claims 11-13 wherein the electrolyte lithium salt comprises at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis-fluorosulfonyl imide, lithium tetrafluoroborate, and lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide.
15. The electrolyte of claim 14 wherein the molar concentration of the lithium electrolyte salt in the electrolyte is 0.8mol/L to 2mol/L.
16. A battery comprising the electrolyte additive of any one of claims 1-5, and/or the electrolyte of any one of claims 6-15.
17. The battery according to claim 16, further comprising a positive electrode sheet including a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer located at least on one side of the positive electrode sheet, the positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material in which a sum of mass fractions of nickel element and iron element is 40% or more.
18. The battery of claim 17, wherein the positive electrode active material satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
(1) The positive electrode active material satisfies the general formula Li a Ni b Co c M1 d M2 e O f R g ，
Wherein a is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1.2, b is more than or equal to 0.6 and less than or equal to 1, c is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, d is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, e is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, b+c+d+e=1, f is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1, g is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and f+g=2; m1 comprises Mn and/or Al, M2 comprises at least one of Zr, zn, cu, cr, mg, fe, V, ti, sr, sb, Y, W, nb, and R comprises at least one of N, F, S, cl;
(2) The positive electrode active material satisfies the general formula LiMn x Fe 1－x PO 4 Wherein 0< x < 1.
19. An electrical device comprising a battery as claimed in claim 17 or 18.
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