CN117493840A - Extraction algorithm of substation GIS discharge fault positioning vibration effective signal - Google Patents
Extraction algorithm of substation GIS discharge fault positioning vibration effective signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An extraction algorithm of a substation GIS discharge fault positioning vibration effective signal is based on a phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing system, optical fibers are tightly adhered to each chamber of a distribution box body of a substation GIS, a discharge fault vibration composite characteristic and a pre-fault vibration composite characteristic are extracted from optical fiber signals of a detector of the OTDR and are compared, the current vibration composite characteristic quantity is subtracted from the pre-fault vibration characteristic quantity, a threshold value is set for capturing the vibration effective signal caused by the release of the substation GIS discharge fault, and the discharge fault of the substation GIS in the operation process is positioned in time. The normal signal and the fault signal are distinguished through the ratio of the discharge fault vibration characteristic quantity and the pre-fault vibration characteristic quantity, and the fault point is positioned; the signal is considered to start when the energy exceeds the threshold and the fault signal is considered to end after the energy has been below the threshold for a period of time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an extraction algorithm of a GIS discharge fault positioning vibration effective signal of a transformer substation, which designs a technology for accurately capturing vibration fragments caused by GIS discharge fault release of the transformer substation by applying short-time energy and information entropy composite characteristics to calculate uniformity and expansibility of a signal frequency domain and searching an effective signal instant point according to threshold comparison. The accuracy and the robustness of detection are improved by utilizing a transient point detection algorithm with composite characteristics, the energy distribution and the envelope characteristic of signals are analyzed by utilizing an information entropy technology, the positioning and the detection of abnormal events and physical parameters in optical fibers are realized, and finally the effective signal extraction of discharge vibration is realized.
Background
In recent years, GIS is generally valued by various countries in the world, and especially the proposal of the concept of digital earth makes the core technology GIS more interesting for various governments. Currently, GIS, which are long-lived in managing spatial data, have played an increasingly important role in many fields such as global changes and monitoring, military, resource management, urban planning, land management, environmental research, crop estimation, disaster prediction, traffic management, mineral resource evaluation, cultural relics protection, wetland cartography, government departments, and the like.
GIS is called gas insulated switchgear (Gas Insulated Switchgear). The circuit breaker, the isolating switch, the bus and the like are sealed by the metal shell, and sulfur hexafluoride gas is filled in the circuit breaker, the isolating switch, the bus and the like, so that the high-voltage switch equipment can be more compact, small in occupied area and safer. For GIS, although the GIS has many advantages such as good insulating performance, safe and reliable operation, small occupied area and the like, the GIS has some disadvantages and challenges in power grid operation and maintenance. First, the location and maintenance of the fully enclosed GIS device is relatively difficult after a fault occurs. Second, the average service time of GIS equipment is longer than that of open equipment. Due to the enclosure of GIS equipment, maintenance personnel need more time and steps to disassemble and repair the faulty equipment and may need to inspect more details and components during repair. This results in an extended maintenance cycle, which may result in a greater range of outages. In addition, once a GIS device fails, a power outage of non-failed devices may result. Since GIS devices are typically connected to multiple grid branches, when a GIS device fails, it may be necessary to cut off power to non-faulty devices associated therewith in order to ensure safety. In this way, a power outage of a large scope may be caused, which may have an adverse effect on the operation of the power grid.
CN201610126195.3 discloses a communication optical cable on-line monitoring system based on GIS and a fault point positioning method thereof, which comprises a monitoring system and a remote monitoring system, can remotely and on-line monitor the whole optical cable line, monitor the change and change trend of optical fiber characteristics in real time, find faults and give an alarm in time, effectively reduce and prevent optical cable faults, and can more accurately determine the fault point coordinates of faults of the optical cable through the fault point positioning method in the invention, shorten fault inquiry and removal time, lighten the workload of maintenance personnel, improve the working efficiency.
CN201710004341.X is a GIS withstand voltage fault positioning method, and a fault cause judging method and a positioning device using the method; the method is used for judging the occurrence position of the fault of the GIS combined electrical apparatus and specifically comprises the following steps: 1) The photoelectric sensors with different numbers are arranged to detect signals of each air chamber of the GIS combined electrical appliance; 2) Judging whether an optical signal appears by the processing unit, if so, executing the step 3), otherwise, continuing executing the step 2); 3) And the processing unit sends the number and the fault reason to the fault alarm unit, and the fault alarm unit carries out alarm prompt. The invention also discloses a GIS voltage withstand fault cause judging method and a GIS voltage withstand fault positioning device. The invention can judge which air chamber has faults, can judge the cause of the faults and give an alarm, and improves the positioning accuracy and the judging accuracy.
CN201910286834.6 is a GIS fault accurate positioning method and positioning system based on vibration signals, and adopts a GIS fault accurate positioning system; the GIS fault accurate positioning system comprises a vibration sensor, a data acquisition instrument and a PC which are sequentially connected, wherein the vibration sensor is used for acquiring vibration signals of GIS equipment in real time and transmitting the vibration signals to the data acquisition instrument; the data acquisition instrument is used for receiving the vibration signals and transmitting the vibration signals to the PC after noise reduction, filtering and A/D conversion in sequence; the PC is used for receiving the vibration signals output by the data acquisition instrument and carrying out GIS fault location analysis to give a location result; the vibration sensor is a ferromagnetic sensor and is fixedly installed by being adsorbed on a fixing nut at a gas chamber flange of GIS equipment; the number of the vibration sensors is 5, 4 sensors are arranged on one side flange in total, the 4 sensors A, B, C, D are respectively arranged at 0 point, 3 point, 6 point and 9 point of the corresponding clock, and the sensor E is arranged at the other end of the fault air chamber in the direction of 0 point of the corresponding clock;
at present, the GIS partial discharge detection at home and abroad mainly comprises a chemical detection method, an ultrasonic detection method, an ultrahigh frequency method and a pulse current method. In the field of GIS field monitoring, the optical fiber is mainly used as a signal communication medium of a sensor, the optical fiber is not used as a sensing medium, and the application of distributed vibration sensing is directly performed based on the vibration-induced optical phase change, and related research is still in the theoretical research and laboratory simulation stage. Therefore, the extraction technology research based on the GIS discharge fault positioning vibration effective signal of the transformer substation is carried out, and the field application of the phi-OTDR technology in GIS discharge fault positioning is of great significance to ensuring the production safety of companies, shortening the engineering construction period and reducing the operation and maintenance cost.
The fundamental principle of OTDR (optical time domain reflectometry) is to measure the transmission loss of an optical fiber and structural loss caused by various structural defects due to scattering, absorption and the like by using a method for analyzing back scattered light or forward scattered light in the optical fiber, and when a certain point of the optical fiber is subjected to the action of temperature or stress (vibration), the scattering characteristic of the point changes, so that disturbance information of external signals distributed on a sensing optical fiber is detected by displaying the corresponding relation between the loss and the length of the optical fiber. Distributed temperature or stress (vibration) testing has been applied by emitting pulses of light into the fiber and then receiving the returned information at the OTDR port. As the optical pulse propagates within the fiber, a portion of the scattering and reflection returns to the OTDR. The useful information returned is measured by the detector of the OTDR and can be used as (temperature or vibration) curves or segments of different positions and times within the fibre. From the time it takes to transmit the signal to return the signal, and then determine the speed of the light in the fiber, the distance position within the fiber can be calculated.
The principle of operation of an OTDR is similar to a radar, which first sends a signal to an optical fiber and then observes what information is returned from a certain point. This process is repeated and the results are averaged and displayed in the form of a trace that depicts the strength of the signal throughout the length of fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to mainly solve the technical problem of providing an extraction algorithm of a substation GIS discharge fault positioning vibration effective signal, and the substation GIS discharge fault safety pre-warning management strategy is formed by combining an optical fiber sensing technology with substation discharge fault vibration composite characteristics.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme (fig. 1): an extraction algorithm of a GIS discharge fault positioning vibration effective signal of a transformer substation is based on a phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sound (vibration) sensing system, optical fibers are tightly distributed (in each chamber of a box body) in the GIS of the transformer substation, a discharge fault vibration composite characteristic and a pre-fault vibration composite characteristic are extracted from optical fiber signals of a detector of the OTDR and are compared, then the vibration composite characteristic quantity is subtracted from the pre-fault vibration characteristic quantity, a threshold value is set for capturing the vibration effective signal caused by the discharge fault release of the GIS of the transformer substation, and the discharge fault of the GIS of the transformer substation in the running process is positioned in time; to ensure proper operation and safety of the device.
The method for setting the threshold value comprises the following steps: the detector optical fiber signal of the OTDR comprises signal energy (magnitude) and a signal frequency spectrum, and the analysis method is that the energy change of the signal in different time windows, the energy distribution on a frequency domain, the frequency spectrum characteristics and the frequency composition condition of the signal are calculated, and the sudden high-energy peak value, the uniformity and the expansibility of the frequency spectrum in the signal are identified. And distinguishing the normal signal from the discharge signal by the ratio of the discharge fault vibration characteristic quantity and the pre-fault vibration characteristic quantity, and realizing the positioning of fault points. The signal is considered to start when the energy exceeds the threshold and to end when the energy is below the threshold for a period of time.
First, if the historical discharge fault signal energy (magnitude) and the signal spectrum effective signal corresponding to the detector fiber signal of the OTDR are accumulated, framing processing is performed, and windowing operation is performed on each frame of signal to reduce energy leakage. The method comprises the steps of calculating short-time energy for each frame of signal, wherein the short-time energy reflects the characteristics of the signal in a time domain, and carrying out Fourier transformation on each frame of signal to obtain a frequency spectrum. And calculating the spectrum centroid of each frame of signal (magnitude) to obtain the discharge fault vibration composite increment value. Thereby setting the increment value to the per-frame threshold.
Further, a short-time energy increment value and a spectrum centroid increment value are set as thresholds. And judging the short-time energy and the spectrum centroid of each frame of signal according to each frame of threshold value, thereby monitoring the GIS operation condition of the transformer substation.
If the short-time energy and the spectrum centroid of the latest discharge vibration signal are smaller than the set threshold value, the frame signal is considered to contain no vibration; if both the short-time energy and the spectral centroid are greater than the set threshold, the frame signal is deemed to contain vibration. Based on the above determination results, the start and end positions of the vibration signal segments in the original signal are determined (fig. 2).
In summary, by extracting the discharge fault vibration composite characteristic and the pre-fault vibration composite characteristic and comparing the same to form a threshold value, the vibration effective signal caused by discharge fault release of the GIS of the transformer substation is captured, the vibration identification accuracy of the system can be improved, the false alarm rate of the system is reduced, and the discharge fault of the GIS of the transformer substation in the operation process is positioned in time so as to ensure the normal operation and the safety of the equipment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the accuracy of the discharge vibration identification of the GIS of the transformer substation is improved, verification is carried out through simulation calculation and laboratory test, and the discharge fault in the GIS of the transformer substation can be timely positioned by extracting the discharge fault vibration composite characteristic and comparing with the vibration before the fault. This will lead to a more reliable and safe operation of the equipment, reduced losses and maintenance time, and improved overall efficiency of the substation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is an extraction flow of an extraction algorithm of a substation GIS discharge fault location vibration effective signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an extraction comparison diagram of an extraction algorithm of a substation GIS discharge fault location vibration effective signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an extracted vibration fragment of an extraction algorithm of a substation GIS discharge fault location vibration effective signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein a sample point, b short-time energy and C zero crossing rate;
fig. 4 is an original diagram of an extraction algorithm of a substation GIS discharge fault location vibration effective signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an original diagram of another extraction algorithm of substation GIS discharge fault location vibration valid signals.
Detailed Description
The optical fibers of the distributed optical fiber sound (vibration) sensing system of phi-OTDR in the figure 1 are closely distributed (each chamber of a box) in a substation GIS, the vibration composite characteristics of discharge faults and the vibration composite characteristics before faults are extracted and compared based on the distributed optical fiber sound (vibration) sensing system of phi-OTDR, then the vibration composite characteristic quantity is subtracted by the vibration characteristic quantity before faults, a specific threshold value is set for capturing vibration effective signals caused by discharge faults of the substation GIS, and the discharge faults of the substation GIS in the operation process are located in time so as to ensure the normal operation and safety of equipment. The experimental fiber model G.652 is a standard single mode fiber with a length of 20 km.
The method for setting the threshold value comprises the following steps:
1. and (3) data acquisition: first, relevant data including discharge failure and pre-failure vibration are collected. Such data may be acquired by sensors or other monitoring devices.
2. Feature extraction: useful features are extracted from the acquired vibration signals. These features may include frequency domain features (e.g., spectral energy, spectral peaks, etc.), time domain features (e.g., mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, slope, etc.), and statistical features (e.g., energy differences, correlation coefficients, etc.). Ensuring that the selected feature reflects the vibration mode of the discharge fault.
3. Feature contrast: and comparing the discharge fault vibration composite characteristic quantity with the pre-fault vibration composite characteristic quantity. One common approach is to calculate the difference or relative change between the two. And calculating the energy change of the signal in different time windows, and the energy distribution, the frequency spectrum characteristics and the frequency composition condition of the signal in the frequency domain, and identifying the sudden high-energy peak value, the uniformity and the expansibility of the frequency spectrum in the signal. And distinguishing the normal signal from the discharge signal by the ratio of the discharge fault vibration characteristic quantity and the pre-fault vibration characteristic quantity, and realizing the positioning of fault points.
4. Threshold setting: the determination of the threshold value can be debugged and optimized according to actual conditions. A reasonable threshold may be determined based on statistical analysis, anomaly detection, or experimental verification. The signal is considered to start when the energy exceeds the threshold and to end when the energy is below the threshold for 3 microseconds-5 milliseconds.
It should be noted that the specific threshold value may vary depending on factors such as the type of device, operating conditions, failure mode, etc. Verification and improvement are needed by those skilled in the relevant art and in practical applications. Ensuring that the threshold is selected accurately distinguishes between discharge failure and vibration signals of normal operating conditions.
The method for extracting the GIS discharge fault positioning vibration effective signal based on the transformer substation comprises the following steps of:
1. and carrying out aperiodic framing on the voice signal to be detected. The speech signal of length S is divided into a plurality of frames, each frame having a length Mwlen and the overlap between the frames having a length Tinc. Refers to transmitting one or several light pulses and echoes to form a frame.
2. The frame number Sf can be calculated by the following formula: sf= (N-mwlen+tinc)/Tinc. Then, a Hamming window is applied to the signal after framing for windowing (namely, windowing operation); to reduce energy leakage.
3. The calculation formula of the Hamming window is: w (N) =0.54-0.46 cos [ 2n/(N-1) ], wherein 0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.N-1.
4. And calculating the short-time energy of each frame of signal, namely calculating the square sum of the amplitudes of each frame of signal after windowing. The short-time energy may reflect the change in signal energy over time.
The calculation formula is as follows: e= Σ [ x (m) ×w (m) ]2, where m is the frame number.
5. A spectrum centroid of each frame of signal is calculated, wherein the spectrum centroid is the center of gravity of the spectrum and is used for representing the concentration degree of the spectrum.
Calculating spectrum centroid: the calculation formula is as follows: c= (Σ [ (k+1) ×si (k) ])/(Σsi (k)) where SI (k) represents the magnitude of the spectrum. And setting a threshold value of short-time energy and spectrum centroid, and judging whether the spectrum centroid and short-time energy of each frame of signal are larger than the set threshold value. If the frame is greater than the threshold, the frame is determined to be a valid signal, and vice versa, is noise. In this way, the position of the vibration signal can be determined.
Further based on the effective signal detection result as shown in fig. 3, comparing the original vibration signal of fig. 4, it can be seen that the vibration portion in the signal can be detected well by using the short-time energy and the spectrum centroid as the composite feature, as shown in the red (gray) portion of fig. 3A.
The invention provides an extraction algorithm of a discharge fault positioning vibration effective signal of a GIS of a transformer substation, and verifies through simulation calculation and laboratory test, and the extraction and comparison of the discharge fault vibration composite characteristic and the pre-fault vibration composite characteristic are used for capturing the vibration effective signal caused by discharge fault release of the GIS of the transformer substation, so that the vibration identification accuracy of a system can be improved, the false alarm rate of the system can be reduced, the discharge fault of the GIS of the transformer substation in the operation process can be positioned in time, and the normal operation and the safety of equipment can be ensured.
Claims (2)
1. The extraction algorithm of the GIS discharge fault positioning vibration effective signal of the transformer substation is characterized in that based on a phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing system, optical fibers are tightly adhered to each chamber of a distribution box body of the transformer substation, the discharge fault vibration composite characteristic and the pre-fault vibration composite characteristic are extracted from optical fiber signals of a detector of the OTDR and are compared, the current vibration composite characteristic quantity is subtracted from the pre-fault vibration characteristic quantity, a threshold value is set for capturing the vibration effective signal caused by the discharge fault release of the transformer substation, and the discharge fault of the transformer substation GIS in the operation process is positioned in time;
the method for setting the threshold value comprises the following steps: the detector optical fiber signal of the OTDR comprises signal energy and a signal spectrum, and the analysis method comprises the following steps: calculating the energy change of the signal in different time windows, and the energy distribution, the frequency spectrum characteristics and the frequency composition condition of the signal in a frequency domain, and identifying the sudden high-energy peak value, the uniformity and the expansibility of the frequency spectrum in the signal; the normal signal and the fault signal are distinguished through the ratio of the discharge fault vibration characteristic quantity and the pre-fault vibration characteristic quantity, and the fault point is positioned; the signal is considered to start when the energy exceeds the threshold and the fault signal is considered to end after the energy has been below the threshold for a period of time.
2. The algorithm for extracting the GIS discharge fault location vibration effective signal of the transformer substation according to claim 1, wherein if the historical discharge fault signal energy (magnitude) and the signal spectrum effective signal corresponding to the detector fiber signal of the OTDR are accumulated, framing is performed, and Hamming window windowing operation is performed on each frame of signal to reduce energy leakage; calculating short-time energy of each frame of signal, wherein the short-time energy reflects the characteristics of the signal in a time domain, and carrying out Fourier transformation on each frame of signal to obtain a frequency spectrum; calculating the spectrum centroid of each frame of signal to obtain a discharge fault vibration composite increment value; setting the increment value as a threshold value of each frame; namely, setting the short-time energy increment value of the discharge fault vibration and the increment value of the original spectrum centroid as threshold values.
Judging the short-time energy and the spectrum centroid size of each frame of signal according to the set threshold value: monitoring the running condition of a GIS of a transformer substation, and if the short-time energy and the spectrum centroid of the latest discharging vibration signal are smaller than a set threshold value, considering that the frame signal does not contain vibration; if both the short-time energy and the spectrum centroid are greater than the set threshold, then the frame signal is deemed to contain vibration; the discharge fault vibration composite characteristic and the pre-fault vibration composite characteristic are extracted and compared to form a threshold value, so that vibration effective signals caused by discharge fault release of the GIS of the transformer substation are captured, the vibration identification accuracy of the system can be improved, the false alarm rate of the system is reduced, and the discharge fault of the GIS of the transformer substation in the operation process is positioned in time, so that the normal operation and the safety of the equipment are ensured.
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