CN117491265A - Simulation acceleration test method for highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating - Google Patents
Simulation acceleration test method for highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 230000003075 superhydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009993 protective function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
- G01N3/567—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion by submitting the specimen to the action of a fluid or of a fluidised material, e.g. cavitation, jet abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
- G01N2013/0208—Investigating surface tension of liquids by measuring contact angle
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation acceleration test method of a highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating, and relates to the technical field of environmental reliability verification of coatings. And (3) carrying out a circulation simulation acceleration test in a mode of combining temperature and humidity control, automobile exhaust micro-particle concentration control, side wall cleaning vehicle flushing and road surface cleaning vehicle splashing. Technical parameters are provided by the actual environmental conditions in the highway tunnel and the limit standard required in the current standard, so that the environment reliability verification of the highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating is realized in a short-term and efficient mode, and the blank that the service life of the existing highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating is not provided with a rapid evaluation method is filled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental reliability verification of coatings, in particular to a simulation acceleration test method of a highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating.
Background
The practical life of the coating in the service environment is always the focus of research in various industries for many years. The long-term exposure experiment through the actual service environment has authenticity and reliability, but has the defects of overlong period and overhigh experiment cost, especially for new material technology.
A great deal of research at home and abroad is focused on equivalent and rapid simulation of the actual service life of the coating service environment by a laboratory multi-factor acceleration experiment mode, and a plurality of simulation acceleration experiment methods are invented based on the industries and the service environment. Chinese patent CN 101482484B proposes a coating simulation acceleration test method, which is used for simulating and accelerating the durability life of the marine atmospheric environment anti-corrosion coating in a combined mode of a damp-heat test, a solar radiation test and a salt spray test, and comparing the simulated acceleration test with an actual exposure test to obtain better correlation and reproducibility, thereby having practical application significance. Chinese patent CN 114778426A proposes a method for simulating and accelerating the comprehensive atmospheric environment of a railway vehicle coating, which is used for simulating and accelerating the use environment of the railway vehicle coating in a combined mode of a temperature alternation test, an artificial ultraviolet aging test, a salt spray test and a sand blasting test, and realizing the reliability verification of the coating environment in a shorter test period.
The final objective of the coating life acceleration test method is to verify the durable protective function of the coating, which has higher applicability to single protective function coatings. However, for a multifunctional coating, such as a coating with both an anti-corrosion function and a self-cleaning function, comprehensive evaluation of the actual service life of the service environment from both self-cleaning and anti-corrosion properties is often required, and the anti-corrosion life of the coating is generally far longer than the self-cleaning life. When self-cleaning fails, even if corrosion resistance is still good, the coating should still be judged to be failed in terms of actual functional requirements, so that the existing acceleration test method is not suitable for the novel coating material, and the self-cleaning failure node should be used as the protection life of the coating.
In addition, the whole environment of the highway tunnel is greatly different from the conventional natural environment, the influence factors such as sunlight aging, salt spray deposition, rain wash, sand blast wash and the like basically have no influence on the highway tunnel, but the relatively closed environment causes the high concentration of tail gas particles in the tunnel, high temperature and high relative humidity, and meanwhile, the tunnel maintenance technical specification has clear requirements on the periodic cleaning and pavement washing frequency of the tunnel, so that the main influence factors for the service life of the composite coating with the self-cleaning function are as follows: humiture, automobile exhaust microparticles, side wall cleaning vehicle washing and road surface cleaning vehicle splash.
Based on the influencing factors, the simulation acceleration experiment method of the road tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating is provided by taking the actual condition and the requirements in combination with the current standard as limit standards and taking the super-hydrophobic self-cleaning performance as an evaluation mode, and the aim is to provide a reliable acceleration experiment method with practical application significance.
Therefore, a simulation acceleration test method of the highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating is provided to solve the difficulty existing in the prior art, and the simulation acceleration test method is a problem to be solved by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a simulation acceleration test method of a highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating, which is used for solving the technical problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a simulated acceleration test method for a highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating comprises the steps of carrying out combined cycle experiments through temperature and humidity control, automobile tail gas microparticle concentration control, side wall cleaning vehicle washing and road surface cleaning vehicle splashing.
Alternatively, the combined cycle experiment specifically includes:
s1, setting a temperature and humidity value for testing, and keeping unchanged in the whole testing process;
s2, setting a concentration value of automobile exhaust particles, and keeping unchanged in the whole test process;
s3, placing the to-be-tested super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating template at a test position;
s4, finishing the step of washing the side wall cleaning vehicle for 1 time;
s5, finishing 30 steps of continuous splashing of the road surface cleaning vehicle;
s6, standing for 24 hours;
and S7, repeating the steps S4 to S6 for 6 times under the condition that the steps S1 to S3 are kept unchanged, and thus completing one combined cycle test.
Alternatively, the temperature was set at 30℃and the relative humidity was set at 80% throughout the cycle test.
Alternatively, the concentration of the automobile exhaust particles is expressed as PM2.5, and the concentration value is 75 mug/m in the whole cycle test process 3 。
Optionally, tap water is used as a flushing medium for flushing the side wall cleaning vehicle, the flushing pressure is 0.2MPa, the flushing angle is 90 degrees, the flushing travelling speed is 1.4m/s, the flushing distance is 50cm, and the diameter of the water outlet is 5cm.
Optionally, the road surface cleaning vehicle splashes water by using a slurry solution with the concentration of 5% as a splash medium, wherein the splash pressure is 0.3MPa, the splash angle is 30 degrees, the splash travelling speed is 5.5m/s, the splash distance is 1m, the diameter of a water outlet is 5cm, and the contact distance between a water column and the ground is 0.5m.
Alternatively, the slurry solution is an aqueous solution prepared from powder obtained by filtering outdoor collected soil with a 400-mesh filter screen according to mass fraction.
Optionally, the sample plate of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating to be tested is placed at 90 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the position is kept unchanged during the whole cycle test.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a simulation acceleration test method for a highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating, which has the beneficial effects that: technical parameters are provided by the actual environmental conditions in the highway tunnel and the limit standard required in the current standard, so that the environment reliability verification of the highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating is realized in a short-term and efficient mode, and the blank that the service life of the existing highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating is not provided with a rapid evaluation method is filled.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a complete cycle test;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a side wall cleaning vehicle flushing experiment provided by the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a splash experiment of the road surface cleaning vehicle provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention discloses a simulation acceleration test method of a highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the combined cycle experiment is specifically:
s1, setting a temperature and humidity value for testing, and keeping unchanged in the whole testing process;
s2, setting a concentration value of automobile exhaust particles, and keeping unchanged in the whole test process;
s3, placing the to-be-tested super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating template at a test position;
s4, finishing the step of washing the side wall cleaning vehicle for 1 time;
s5, finishing 30 steps of continuous splashing of the road surface cleaning vehicle;
s6, standing for 24 hours;
and S7, repeating the steps S4 to S6 for 6 times under the condition that the steps S1 to S3 are kept unchanged, and thus completing one combined cycle test.
Further, the temperature was set at 30℃and the relative humidity was set at 80% throughout the cycle test.
Further, the concentration of the automobile exhaust particles is expressed as PM2.5, and the concentration value is 75 mug/m in the whole cycle test process 3 。
Further, referring to FIG. 2, tap water is used as a flushing medium for flushing the side wall cleaning vehicle, the flushing pressure is 0.2MPa, the flushing angle is 90 degrees, the flushing traveling speed is 1.4m/s, the flushing distance is 50cm, and the diameter of the water outlet is 5cm.
Further, referring to FIG. 3, the road surface cleaning vehicle splashes water with 5% concentration slurry solution as a splash medium, the splash pressure is 0.3MPa, the splash angle is 30 degrees, the splash traveling speed is 5.5m/s, the splash distance is 1m, the diameter of the water outlet is 5cm, and the contact distance between the water column and the ground is 0.5m.
Further, the slurry solution is an aqueous solution prepared from powder obtained by filtering outdoor collected soil with a 400-mesh filter screen according to mass fraction.
Specifically, soil in the actual environment in which the coating is in service is preferentially selected.
Furthermore, the sample plate of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating to be tested is placed at 90 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the position is kept unchanged during the whole cycle test.
Example 1:
a100 mm multiplied by 3mm aluminum plate is used as a base material, self-made super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating is constructed on the surface of the aluminum plate in a spraying mode, and after 7 days of room temperature curing, a super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating sample plate is obtained, and basic performance parameters are as follows: the water contact angle average was 155 ° and the roll angle average was 1 °.
3 pieces of the super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating sample plates (sample plate numbers 1-3) are fixed at the bottom of a testing device at an angle perpendicular to the ground, the temperature is set to 30 ℃, the humidity is set to 80%, the tail gas manufacturing device is used for continuously preparing automobile tail gas, and the PM2.5 detection device is used for controlling the concentration of the tail gas to be 75 mug/m 3 The above parameters remain unchanged throughout the test.
And (3) performing side wall cleaning vehicle flushing setting and completing 1 flushing: tap water is selected as a flushing medium, the flushing pressure is 0.2MPa, the flushing angle is 90 degrees, the flushing running speed is 1.38m/s, the flushing distance is 50cm, and the diameter of the discharged water is 5cm.
The splash setting of the road surface cleaning vehicle is completed for 30 times: the splashing pressure is 0.3MPa, the splashing angle is 30 degrees, the splashing travelling speed is 5.5m/s, the splashing distance is 1m, the diameter of the water outlet is 5cm, and the contact distance between the water column and the ground is 0.5m.
After the side wall cleaning vehicle washing and the road surface cleaning vehicle splashing are finished, standing for 24 hours under the condition that the temperature and humidity and the PM2.5 concentration are unchanged. Repeating the above process for 6 times to finish a cycle test.
And (3) testing the water contact angle of the tested super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating template, wherein 9 test points are uniformly taken on the surface of the template, and the test result is expressed as an average value. In addition, the super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating sample plate is subjected to sample plate stain resistance test according to the test method of annex A in solvent type external wall paint GB/T9757-2001.
Example 2:
a100 mm multiplied by 3mm aluminum plate is used as a base material, self-made super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating is constructed on the surface of the aluminum plate in a spraying mode, and after 7 days of room temperature curing, a super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating sample plate is obtained, and basic performance parameters are as follows: the water contact angle average was 155 ° and the roll angle average was 1 °.
3 pieces of the super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating sample plates (sample plate numbers 4-6) are fixed at the bottom of a testing device at an angle perpendicular to the ground, the temperature is set to 30 ℃, the humidity is set to 80%, the automobile exhaust is continuously prepared by an exhaust manufacturing device,the concentration thereof was controlled to be 75. Mu.g/m by a PM2.5 detection device 3 The above parameters remain unchanged throughout the test.
And (3) performing side wall cleaning vehicle flushing setting and completing 1 flushing: tap water is selected as a flushing medium, the flushing pressure is 0.2MPa, the flushing angle is 90 degrees, the flushing running speed is 1.38m/s, the flushing distance is 50cm, and the diameter of the discharged water is 5cm.
The splash setting of the road surface cleaning vehicle is completed for 30 times: the splashing pressure is 0.3MPa, the splashing angle is 30 degrees, the splashing travelling speed is 5.5m/s, the splashing distance is 1m, the diameter of the water outlet is 5cm, and the contact distance between the water column and the ground is 0.5m.
After the side wall cleaning vehicle washing and the road surface cleaning vehicle splashing are finished, standing for 24 hours under the condition that the temperature and humidity and the PM2.5 concentration are unchanged. Repeating the above process for 6 times to finish a cycle test.
And (5) completing the cyclic test once again according to the flow, and completing the cyclic test twice in total.
And (3) testing the water contact angle of the tested super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating template, wherein 9 test points are uniformly taken on the surface of the template, and the test result is expressed as an average value. In addition, the super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating sample plate is subjected to sample plate stain resistance test according to the test method of annex A in solvent type external wall paint GB/T9757-2001.
Comparative example 1:
the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating templates (template numbers 7-9) prepared in the same batch in example 1 are adhered to a highway tunnel (tunnel length 1000 m) of a certain level in wenzhou, the template is positioned at the root of a side wall 300m away from an entrance, the template is 90 degrees with the ground, the test time is half a year (4 months 1 day to 9 months 30 days), and the number of the templates is 3.
And (3) testing the water contact angle of the super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating template after half-year exposure test, wherein 9 test points are uniformly taken on the surface of each 1 template, and the test result is expressed as an average value of 3 templates. In addition, the super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating sample plate is subjected to sample plate stain resistance test according to the test method of annex A in solvent type external wall paint GB/T9757-2001.
Comparative example 2:
the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating templates (template numbers 10-12) prepared in example 1 are adhered to a highway tunnel (tunnel length 1000 m) of a certain level in wenzhou, the template is positioned at the root of a side wall 600m away from an entrance, the template is 90 degrees with the ground, the test time is one year (10 months 1 day to 9 months 30 days of the next year), and the number of the templates is 3.
And carrying out a water contact angle test on the super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating template subjected to the one-year exposure test, uniformly taking 9 test points on the surface of each 1 template, wherein the test result is expressed as an average value of 3 templates. In addition, the super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating sample plate is subjected to sample plate stain resistance test according to the test method of annex A in solvent type external wall paint GB/T9757-2001.
Table 1: examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2 coating templates were tested for water contact angle after one cycle test
Table 2: examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2 coating panels stain resistance test results after one cycle test was completed
As can be seen from the above experimental results, the average value relative error of the test data is less than 5% from the water contact angle test result and the stain resistance test result, compared with the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2, which shows that the simulation acceleration method has better consistency and correlation with the actual environmental exposure.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A simulation acceleration test method of a highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating is characterized in that a combined cycle test is carried out through temperature and humidity control, automobile exhaust micro-particle concentration control, side wall cleaning vehicle washing and road surface cleaning vehicle splashing.
2. The simulation acceleration test method of the highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating according to claim 1, wherein the combined cycle test is specifically as follows:
s1, setting a temperature and humidity value for testing, and keeping unchanged in the whole testing process;
s2, setting a concentration value of automobile exhaust particles, and keeping unchanged in the whole test process;
s3, placing the to-be-tested super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating template at a test position;
s4, finishing the step of washing the side wall cleaning vehicle for 1 time;
s5, finishing 30 steps of continuous splashing of the road surface cleaning vehicle;
s6, standing for 24 hours;
and S7, repeating the steps S4 to S6 for 6 times under the condition that the steps S1 to S3 are kept unchanged, and thus completing one combined cycle test.
3. The simulated acceleration test method of the highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating according to claim 2, which is characterized in that,
throughout the cycle test, the temperature was set at 30℃and the relative humidity was set at 80%.
4. The simulated acceleration test method of the highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating according to claim 2, which is characterized in that,
the concentration of the automobile exhaust particles is expressed as PM2.5, and the concentration value of the automobile exhaust particles is 75 mug/m in the whole cycle test process 3 。
5. The simulated acceleration test method of the highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating according to claim 2, which is characterized in that,
the side wall cleaning vehicle is flushed by using tap water as a flushing medium, the flushing pressure is 0.2MPa, the flushing angle is 90 degrees, the flushing travelling speed is 1.4m/s, the flushing distance is 50cm, and the diameter of a water outlet is 5cm.
6. The simulated acceleration test method of the highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating according to claim 2, which is characterized in that,
the road surface cleaning vehicle splashes water by using a slurry solution with the concentration of 5% as a splash medium, the splash pressure is 0.3MPa, the splash angle is 30 degrees, the splash travelling speed is 5.5m/s, the splash distance is 1m, the diameter of a water outlet is 5cm, and the contact distance between a water column and the ground is 0.5m.
7. The simulated acceleration test method of the highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating according to claim 6, wherein the method is characterized in that,
the mud solution is an aqueous solution prepared from powder obtained by filtering mud collected outdoors by a 400-mesh filter screen according to mass fraction.
8. The simulated acceleration test method of the highway tunnel super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating according to claim 2, which is characterized in that,
the sample plate of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating to be tested is placed at 90 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the position is kept unchanged during the whole cycle test.
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