CN117491015A - Frequency conversion calculation method based on spectrum peak energy sum analysis - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of signal processing, and particularly relates to a frequency conversion calculation method based on spectrum peak energy and analysis, which comprises the following steps: calculating the speed energy spectrum of the rotating equipment, screening out outstanding peak energy, screening out energy peaks to be searched in a certain range, selecting out a plurality of peaks with highest energy, sequentially calculating whether the submultiple frequency of the peaks is in a set of peak energy frequencies or not until the submultiple frequency is calculated to be in line with the target frequency within 50hz, and calculating the corresponding peak energy sum, wherein the minimum submultiple frequency corresponding to the energy sum maximum frequency is the frequency conversion of the equipment. The frequency energy sum calculation mode provided by the invention avoids the problem of inaccurate identification of the frequency conversion signal when more noise exists in low frequency; the method for searching the energy of the peak energy frequency is provided for the first time, and the energy sum corresponding to the divisor frequency is calculated, so that the frequency conversion energy meeting the requirements can be effectively screened out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of signal processing, and particularly relates to a frequency conversion calculation method based on spectrum peak energy and analysis.
Background
With the progress of science and technology, mechanical production equipment is also developed towards high-speed operation and high-strength continuous operation. However, various problems, such as system errors, improper operation, equipment loss, system aging and the like, are inevitably caused in the actual working process of the mechanical equipment, the machine is stopped when the machine is light, and serious consequences, such as casualties and the like, are even caused when the machine is heavy. The rotary equipment has a significant position in the whole mechanical equipment field, and is particularly important to perform state monitoring and fault diagnosis on the parts.
Frequency conversion identification is a frequency analysis technique based on vibration signals for detecting faults in rotating machinery. In the industrial field, rotating machinery is one of the most common devices, and various faults such as bearing faults, rotor imbalance, gear wear, etc. often occur due to long-term operation, wear, overload, etc. The faults can cause vibration signals to change, and the type and the position of the faults can be rapidly and accurately detected through a frequency conversion identification technology, so that timely repair and maintenance can be performed, and accidents are avoided.
At present, rotational speed obtaining modes commonly used in industry can be generally divided into two types: a rotating speed sensor is additionally arranged, and rotating speed data are directly collected; or adopting a data driving method, and identifying the rotating speed according to signals such as vibration and the like. However, the first method is limited by cost, construction difficulty, and transfer speed measurement in a wireless system, and more enterprises and scholars tend to adopt the second method to acquire the rotation speed information of equipment. For example, liu Shengjiang et al propose a rotation speed recognition method and a computing device, and patent publication No. CN110987404a, which mainly determines the confidence level of the reference fundamental frequency according to the frequency multiplication component of the reference fundamental frequency in the available frequency components, and uses the reference fundamental frequency with the highest confidence level as the reference rotation frequency. Wangxuan et al propose a rotational speed identification method based on audio frequency, the patent publication number is CN112782421A, sound signals are collected through an audio frequency collecting device, wind sweeping sound of a fan blade is recorded, and then the real-time rotational speed of the current blade is rapidly calculated through zero crossing times, an autocorrelation function and a power spectral density algorithm. Shukai et al propose a method for identifying the rotation speed of vibration signals based on rotary equipment in real time, wherein the patent publication number is CN116242478A, and the method is mainly used for preprocessing the collected vibration signals; performing fast Fourier transform on the vibration signal subjected to S2 pretreatment to obtain a Fourier spectrum; after all peaks and corresponding frequencies in the Fourier spectrum are calculated, all the obtained peaks and corresponding frequencies are analyzed and processed, and the rotation frequency of the equipment is output.
The above-mentioned existing rotational speed obtaining method or research has one or more of the following defects and disadvantages:
1. when the low-frequency noise of the signal is more, identification deviation is easy to occur, and the frequency conversion identification deviation is caused.
2. Problems such as misalignment of the spectrum axis, unbalance and the like can lead to high energy of double and even high frequency conversion, and the situation can lead to error of the rotating speed extraction result.
3. The installation of the rotation speed sensor has high cost, high construction difficulty and easy limitation of the transfer speed measurement in the wireless system.
4. The method is poor in universality, can be only suitable for obvious fault characteristics in equipment, and is difficult to play an effect on early faults or predictive maintenance of the equipment.
5. The rotation speed information of the extraction equipment is calculated through signal processing such as vibration, and the adopted technical route is basically FFT spectrum analysis, and the difference of the method is whether filtering or envelope demodulation is carried out before spectrum acquisition. The prior parameters of the preprocessing, whether by filtering or envelope demodulation, are inevitably involved, which are generally not known.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a frequency conversion calculation method based on spectrum peak energy and analysis so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
The invention realizes the above purpose through the following technical scheme:
a frequency conversion calculation method based on spectrum peak energy and analysis includes:
step 1: acquiring vibration acceleration data of the rotating equipment, and processing the acceleration data by adopting a frequency domain integration method to obtain a velocity spectrum;
step 2: frequency screening is carried out on the velocity spectrum based on a set frequency interval and a preset first constraint condition, and a peak value array PX is constructed by the screened peak value frequency and the corresponding peak value energy peak (f) At the peak value array PX peak (f) Selecting a set number of maximum peak energies and corresponding peak frequencies P max [p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,pn]；
Step 3: for selecting peak frequency P max [p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,pn]Sequentially calculating the divisor frequency p for each frequency value x Wherein the submultiple frequency p x =1/m×pn, when the submultiple frequency p x When the preset second constraint condition is met, the submultiple frequency p is obtained x And the peak energy of the corresponding peak frequency pn is accumulated to obtain energy sum E sum [E1,E2,E3,E4,E5]Sum of said energies E sum The maximum energy and the corresponding minimum divisor frequency p x As a rotation frequency of the rotating device; where m=1, 2,..n.
As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the step 1 specifically includes:
step 1.1: vibration acceleration data are collected, and an array a, a= [ a ] is constructed 1 ,a 2 ,...,a n ]；
Step 1.2: for acceleration data a n Fourier transforming to obtain frequency domain values:
A(k)＝a n e -2πkjr/N ；
step 1.3: integrating the frequency domain value to obtain a velocity spectrum:
wherein:
wherein: a (k) is the frequency domain conversion of acceleration a; v (r) is the frequency domain conversion of velocity V; Δf is the resolution of the frequency; j is an imaginary unit; f (f) m Is the lower cut-off frequency; f (f) n Is the upper cut-off frequency.
As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, in the step 2, the first constraint condition specifically includes:
step 2.1: frequency screening is carried out on the velocity spectrum to obtain a complex frequency spectrum PX (f) in a set frequency interval;
step 2.2: performing differential calculation on the complex spectrum PX (f) to obtain a differential array Diff (f) of the energy change of the reaction spectrum;
step 3.3: for each point Diff (i) in the differential array, find a set of points that satisfy the following relationship:
finding all point sets meeting the above relation to construct a peak value array PX peak (f)；
Step 3.4: selecting the maximum peak energy of the set number and the corresponding peak frequency P from the peak array max [p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,pn]。
As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, in the step 3, the second constraint condition specifically includes:
for the peak frequency P max [p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,pn]Sequentially calculating the divisor frequency p for each frequency value x Up to the submultiple frequency p x Exist in the peak value array PX peak (f) At least 1, and the smallest of the submultiple frequencies p x Less than 50hz, then the submultiple frequency p x And the peak energy of the corresponding peak frequency pn is accumulated to obtain energy sum E sum [E1,E2,E3,E4,E5]。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method is driven by the data of the equipment, the starting and stopping threshold value of the equipment can be accurately obtained by analyzing the distribution characteristics of the historical data, the participation is not required to be set manually, the applicability is wide, the daily operation and maintenance work can be carried out by the equipment operators, the accuracy and the reliability of the operation and maintenance process are improved, and the safe and continuous operation of the equipment is ensured.
(2) The calculation method provided by the invention can realize the identification and extraction of the equipment rotating speed through complete vibration signal data driving. The operation and maintenance diagnosis system can assist equipment operators in carrying out daily operation and maintenance diagnosis work, improve the accuracy and reliability of operation and maintenance processes, and ensure the safe and continuous operation of equipment.
(3) The algorithm is completely based on the acquired vibration data, does not need additional priori or estimated parameters, has more general applicability, does not have complex operation process, is easy to integrate in an embedded system, and realizes edge calculation and real-time extraction of rotating speed.
(4) The frequency energy sum calculation mode provided by the invention avoids the problem of inaccurate identification of the frequency conversion signal when more noise exists in low frequency; the method for searching the energy of the peak energy frequency is provided for the first time, and the energy sum corresponding to the divisor frequency is calculated, so that the frequency conversion energy meeting the requirements can be effectively screened out.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method algorithm proposed in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of vibration information velocity spectrum in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a velocity peak energy spectrum in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the following detailed description is merely illustrative of the application and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application, since numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the application will be to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a frequency conversion calculation method based on spectral peak energy and analysis, and the method includes that identification and extraction of a rotation speed of a rotating device are implemented through vibration signal data driving of the rotating device:
step 1: acquiring vibration acceleration data of the rotating equipment, and processing the acceleration data by adopting a frequency domain integration method to obtain a velocity spectrum;
further, the step 1 specifically includes:
step 1.1: vibration acceleration data are collected, and an array a, a= [ a ] is constructed 1 ,a 2 ,...,a n ]；
Step 1.2: for acceleration data a n Fourier transforming to obtain frequency domain values:
A(k)＝a n e -2πkjr/N ；
step 1.3: integrating the frequency domain value to obtain a velocity spectrum:
wherein:
wherein: a (k) is the frequency domain conversion of acceleration a; v (r) is the frequency domain conversion of velocity V; Δf is the resolution of the frequency; j is an imaginary unit; f (f) m Is the lower cut-off frequency; f (f) n Is the upper cut-off frequency.
Step 2: frequency screening is carried out on the velocity spectrum based on the set frequency interval and a preset first constraint condition, and the screened peak frequency and the corresponding peak energy are used for constructing a peak array PX peak (f) At peak value array PX peak (f) Selecting a set number of maximum peak energies and corresponding peak frequencies P max [p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,pn]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein, the frequency interval is set to be 10Hz-200Hz, and 5 maximum velocity spectrum peak frequencies in the interval are screened out.
Further, in step 2, the first constraint condition specifically includes:
step 2.1: frequency screening is carried out on the velocity spectrum to obtain a complex frequency spectrum PX (f) in a set frequency interval;
step 2.2: performing differential calculation on the complex spectrum PX (f) to obtain a differential array Diff (f) of the energy change of the reaction spectrum;
step 2.3: for each point Diff (i) in the differential array, find a set of points that satisfy the following relationship:
finding all point sets meeting the above relation to construct a peak value array PX peak (f)；
Step 2.4: selecting 5 maximum peak energies and corresponding peak frequencies P in a peak array max [p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,pn]。
Step 3: for selecting peak frequency P max [p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,pn]Sequentially calculating the divisor frequency p for each frequency value x Wherein the submultiple frequency p x =1/m×pn, when the submultiple frequency p x When the preset second constraint condition is met, the divisor frequency p is obtained x And the peak energy of the corresponding peak frequency pn is accumulated to obtain energy sum E sum [E1,E2,E3,E4,E5]Sum of energy E sum The maximum energy and the corresponding minimum divisor frequency p x As a rotating frequency of the rotating device; where m=1, 2,..n.
Further, in step 3, the second constraint condition specifically includes:
for peak frequency P max [p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,pn]Sequentially calculating the divisor frequency p for each frequency value x Up to a divisor frequency p x Exist in peak value array PX peak (f) And at least 1, i.e. judging whether 1/m pn exists in the peak value array PX peak (f) If the number of peak frequencies selected is 5, the submultiple frequencies are calculated sequentially for p1, p2, p3, p4, and p5, and the smallest submultiple frequency p x Less than 50hz, the submultiple frequency p x And the peak energy of the corresponding peak frequency pn is accumulated to obtain energy sum E sum [E1,E2,E3,E4,E5]。
In this embodiment, the method for searching the peak energy frequency is implemented by the second constraint condition in the step 3, and the energy sum corresponding to the divisor frequency is calculated, so that the frequency conversion energy meeting the requirement can be effectively screened out.
The above method is further described in detail below in connection with actual treatment cases:
case:
step one, collecting vibration effective values of the rotating equipment on site, and calculating corresponding velocity spectrums, particularly referring to the vibration signal velocity spectrums in fig. 2.
Step two, screening out the peak frequency of 5 maximum velocity spectrums within the frequency of 10Hz-200Hz, and particularly, the velocity spectrum peak energy spectrum in the figure 3.
Step three, selecting 5 maximum velocity spectrum peak frequencies P from the peak value array max ＝[25,16.25,11.25,30,21.25]。
Step four, calculating P max The maximum energy and corresponding target frequency are 25Hz and the minimum divisor frequency, so the target frequency is 25Hz.
From the processing results of the above cases, it can be seen that the method provided by the invention realizes the identification and extraction of the rotation speed of the equipment through complete vibration signal data driving.
In some embodiments, the type of data processed in the method of the present invention may be vibration data, or may be index data with similar characteristics such as sound, temperature, etc.
It should be noted that, the algorithm mentioned in the present invention may be implemented in an upper computer software in a signal processing manner, or may also be implemented in other manners, such as a digital chip, a hardware circuit, etc.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limiting thereof; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not drive the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (4)
1. A frequency conversion calculation method based on spectrum peak energy and analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: acquiring vibration acceleration data of the rotating equipment, and processing the acceleration data by adopting a frequency domain integration method to obtain a velocity spectrum;
step 2: frequency screening is carried out on the velocity spectrum based on a set frequency interval and a preset first constraint condition, and a peak value array PX is constructed by the screened peak value frequency and the corresponding peak value energy peak (f) At the peak value array PX peak (f) Selecting a set number of maximum peak energies and corresponding peak frequencies P max [p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,pn]；
Step 3: for selecting peak frequency P max [p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,pn]Sequentially calculating the divisor frequency p for each frequency value x Wherein the submultiple frequency p x =1/m×pn, when the submultiple frequency p x When the preset second constraint condition is met, the submultiple frequency p is obtained x And the peak energy of the corresponding peak frequency pn is accumulated to obtain energy sum E sum [E1,E2,E3,E4,E5]Sum of said energies E sum The maximum energy and the corresponding minimum divisor frequency p x As the rotationFrequency conversion of the conversion equipment; where m=1, 2,..n.
2. The method for frequency conversion calculation based on spectral peak energy and analysis according to claim 1, wherein: the step 1 specifically includes:
step 1.1: vibration acceleration data are collected, and an array a, a= [ a ] is constructed 1 ,a 2 ,...,a n ]；
Step 1.2: for acceleration data a n Fourier transforming to obtain frequency domain values:
step 1.3: integrating the frequency domain value to obtain a velocity spectrum:
wherein:
wherein: a (k) is the frequency domain conversion of acceleration a; v (r) is the frequency domain conversion of velocity V; Δf is the resolution of the frequency; j is an imaginary unit; f (f) m Is the lower cut-off frequency; f (f) n Is the upper cut-off frequency.
3. The method for frequency conversion calculation based on spectral peak energy and analysis according to claim 2, wherein: in the step 2, the first constraint condition specifically includes:
step 2.1: frequency screening is carried out on the velocity spectrum to obtain a complex frequency spectrum PX (f) in a set frequency interval;
step 2.2: performing differential calculation on the complex spectrum PX (f) to obtain a differential array Diff (f) of the energy change of the reaction spectrum;
step 2.3: for each point Diff (i) in the differential array, find a set of points that satisfy the following relationship:
finding all point sets meeting the above relation to construct a peak value array PX peak (f)；
Step 2.4: selecting the maximum peak energy of the set number and the corresponding peak frequency P from the peak array max [p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,pn]。
4. A method of spectral peak energy and analysis based frequency conversion calculation according to claim 3, wherein: in the step 3, the second constraint condition specifically includes:
for the peak frequency P max [p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,pn]Sequentially calculating the divisor frequency p for each frequency value x Up to the submultiple frequency p x Exist in the peak value array PX peak (f) At least 1, and the smallest of the submultiple frequencies p x Less than 50hz, then the submultiple frequency p x And the peak energy of the corresponding peak frequency pn is accumulated to obtain energy sum E sum [E1,E2,E3,E4,E5]。
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| CN117906946A (en) * | 2024-03-20 | 2024-04-19 | 江苏金恒信息科技股份有限公司 | Gear fault alarm method based on multi-scale peak searching |
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| CN117906946A (en) * | 2024-03-20 | 2024-04-19 | 江苏金恒信息科技股份有限公司 | Gear fault alarm method based on multi-scale peak searching |
| CN117906946B (en) * | 2024-03-20 | 2024-05-31 | 江苏金恒信息科技股份有限公司 | Gear fault alarm method based on multi-scale peak searching |
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