CN117487974A - Method for regulating and controlling blast furnace temperature by spraying high volatile bituminous coal - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling blast furnace temperature by spraying high volatile bituminous coal Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/006—Automatically controlling the process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention provides a blast furnace high volatile bituminous coal injection furnace temperature regulation and control method, and belongs to the field of blast furnace ironmaking calculation. According to the method, through total furnace energy balance calculation and regional energy balance calculation, the heat loss, theoretical combustion temperature and slag alkalinity of the blast furnace in a reference period are determined; the volatile content of the bituminous coal is regulated, and the heat loss, theoretical combustion temperature and slag alkalinity of the blast furnace are maintained basically unchanged by comprehensively regulating the sintering ore charging proportion, the coal ratio and the oxygen enrichment rate by keeping the coke ratio of the blast furnace unchanged, so that the blast furnace blast volume, the ore volume, the slag volume, the furnace belly gas volume and H are indirectly regulated and controlled 2 And CO utilization rate and other parameters, realizes furnace temperature regulation and control so as to ensure normal and stable production after the blast furnace blows high-volatile bituminous coal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking and coal injection, in particular to a blast furnace high volatile bituminous coal injection furnace temperature regulation and control method.
Background
The iron and steel industry is used as an energy and resource intensive industry, about 1.5 hundred million tons of injection coal are consumed each year, wherein anthracite is mainly used, and the use proportion of the bituminous coal serving as low-rank coal is less than 40%. However, the anthracite resources in China are in shortage, the recoverable reserves are less than 21 years, and the reserves of the low-rank coal are rich. Therefore, various low-rank coal resources are reasonably and effectively utilized, the source way of ironmaking fuel is expanded, the fuel cost of ironmaking procedures is reduced, and the method becomes a key breakthrough point for finding profits of coal and iron and steel enterprises in a new economic development state.
From the perspective of blast furnace smelting process, the bituminous coal is more suitable for injection, and the bituminous coal has good combustion performance, is favorable for the combustion of coal dust in the blast furnace, and further improves the coal injection ratio. Meanwhile, the bituminous coal is widely distributed and relatively low in price, so that the cost of iron-making fuel can be further reduced, and the blowing of the bituminous coal becomes the development direction of blast furnace iron-making production. At present, most of the advanced blast furnaces abroad and some blast furnaces in China gradually increase the injection quantity of the bituminous coal.
However, when the injection amount of the bituminous coal is increased to 100%, and the bituminous coal with high volatile components is fully adopted for injection, the problems of insufficient heat of a hearth, high fuel consumption and the like can be encountered if the process parameters are not effectively regulated and controlled along with the change of the volatile components of the bituminous coal, so that the abnormal furnace condition of the blast furnace is caused, and the normal production of the blast furnace is influenced. How to regulate and control the process parameters so that the normal production of the blast furnace can be ensured after the volatile components of the bituminous coal are changed is a current problem to be solved urgently.
In view of the above, it is necessary to design a method for controlling the temperature of a high volatile bituminous coal injection furnace of a blast furnace, which can effectively control the furnace temperature by a specific parameter adjustment mode after the volatile components of the bituminous coal are changed, so as to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a blast furnace high volatile component bituminous coal injection furnace temperature regulation and control method, which takes the blast furnace heat loss, theoretical combustion temperature and slag alkalinity as regulation and control targets, realizes the basically unchanged blast furnace heat loss, theoretical combustion temperature and slag alkalinity by comprehensively regulating the sinter charging proportion, coal ratio and oxygen enrichment rate by keeping the blast furnace coke ratio unchanged, and further indirectly regulates and controls blast capacity, ore capacity, slag capacity, furnace belly gas capacity and H 2 And CO utilization rate and other parameters, realizes furnace temperature regulation and control so as to ensure normal and stable production after the blast furnace blows high-volatile bituminous coal.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a blast furnace high volatile bituminous coal injection furnace temperature regulation and control method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, presetting blast furnace process parameters in a reference period, and determining blast furnace heat loss, theoretical combustion temperature and slag alkalinity in the reference period through total furnace energy balance calculation and regional energy balance calculation;
s2, maintaining the blast furnace process parameters in a reference period, only changing the volatile content of the blown bituminous coal, and obtaining the blast furnace heat loss, theoretical combustion temperature and slag alkalinity corresponding to the changed volatile content of the bituminous coal through total furnace energy balance calculation and regional energy balance calculation;
s3, on the basis of the step S2, keeping the coke ratio and the volatile content of the bituminous coal unchanged, adjusting the sintering ore charging proportion, the oxygen enrichment rate and the coal ratio, keeping the calculated heat loss of the blast furnace, the theoretical combustion temperature and the slag alkalinity consistent with the corresponding parameter values of the reference period in the step S1, obtaining the actual technological parameters corresponding to the volatile content of the bituminous coal after changing, and finishing the furnace temperature regulation.
As a further improvement of the invention, in step S3, the adjustment modes of the sinter feeding ratio, the oxygen enrichment rate and the coal ratio are as follows: firstly, gradually increasing or gradually reducing the proportion of sintering ore entering the furnace to ensure that the slag alkalinity is consistent with the value of the reference period; and alternately adjusting the coal ratio and the oxygen enrichment rate to ensure that the heat loss of the blast furnace obtained after adjusting the coal ratio is consistent with the value of the reference period, and the theoretical combustion temperature obtained after adjusting the oxygen enrichment rate is consistent with the value of the reference period.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the total furnace energy balance calculation includes a material balance and a total furnace heat balance.
As a further improvement of the invention, the regional energy balance calculation refers to the theoretical combustion temperature calculation of the tuyere convolution region.
As a further improvement of the invention, the blast furnace heat loss is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein eta is HL Heat loss of the blast furnace,%; q (Q) Z Is the total heat expenditure; q (Q) YF Total heat consumption for oxide decomposition; q (Q) S Is desulfurization and heat consumption; q (Q) Fuel-F Decomposing and consuming heat for the injected fuel; q (Q) slag Enthalpy taken away for slag; q (Q) pig-iron Enthalpy taken away by molten iron; q (Q) dust Heat taken away by furnace dust; q (Q) gas Heat taken away by the top gas;heat consumption for water decomposition; />Is the heat loss of carbon melting.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the theoretical combustion temperature is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein T is f Is the theoretical combustion temperature; q (Q) ck Exothermic for coke combustion; q (Q) cm The heat is released for the combustion of the coal powder; h b Sensible heat brought in for oxygen-enriched air blowing; h ck Sensible heat carried in for coke; h m Sensible heat brought in for pulverized coal; h gas Sensible heat brought by coal injection carrier gas; q (Q) w-g Absorbs heat for the water gas reaction; q (Q) decom Absorbs heat for fuel decomposition; q (Q) gas Absorbs heat for the carrier gas; v (V) g Is the gas quantity of the hearth; m is m a Ash content for burning coke and fuel before tuyere; m is m w Is the unburned fuel quantity; c (C) pg The heat capacity of the hearth gas is the heat capacity; c (C) a Is ash specific heat capacity; c (C) w Is the specific heat capacity of the unburned fuel.
As a further improvement of the invention, the coal dust combustion rate corresponding to the bituminous coal with different volatile contents is detected by a blast furnace coal injection simulation experiment device and is used for calculating the coal dust combustion heat release.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the slag basicity is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein R is the binary basicity of slag;kg/t is the CaO content in the slag; />Is SiO in slag 2 The content of (3) kg/t.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the volatile content of the bituminous coal of the reference period is 31%; in the step S2, the volatile content of the changed bituminous coal is 33-37%.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the blast furnace process parameters include the composition and proportion of the sintered ore, pellet ore, and lump ore for blast furnace smelting, the composition of the coke and bituminous coal for blast furnace smelting, the coke ratio, the coal ratio, the preset pig iron composition, and the blast parameters.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the blast furnace high volatile bituminous coal injection furnace temperature regulation and control method provided by the invention is based on total furnace energy balance calculation and regional energy balance calculation, and the heat loss of the blast furnace, the theoretical combustion temperature and the slag alkalinity are taken as direct regulation and control targets together, so that compared with a mode of regulating and controlling the theoretical combustion temperature only, the method can reflect the real furnace temperature situation more comprehensively and accurately, avoid the problems of insufficient furnace hearth heat, higher fuel consumption and the like, and ensure the normal production of the blast furnace. In addition, after the volatile matters of the bituminous coal are changed, in order to more conveniently and effectively regulate and control the furnace temperature, the invention takes the heat loss of the blast furnace, the theoretical combustion temperature and the slag alkalinity as regulating and controlling targets by keeping the same with the reference period, and the sinter ore charging proportion, the coal ratio and the oxygen enrichment rate are regulated and controlled according to rules, and the blast furnace heat loss, the theoretical combustion temperature and the slag alkalinity can be regulated and controlled simultaneously and indirectly, the blast volume, the ore volume, the slag volume, the furnace belly gas volume and the H can be regulated and controlled 2 And CO utilization rate and other parameters, realizes furnace temperature regulation and control so as to ensure normal and stable production after the blast furnace blows high-volatile bituminous coal.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
In addition, it should be further noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention provides a blast furnace high volatile bituminous coal injection furnace temperature regulation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, presetting blast furnace process parameters in a reference period, and determining blast furnace heat loss, theoretical combustion temperature and slag alkalinity in the reference period through total furnace energy balance calculation and regional energy balance calculation;
s2, maintaining the blast furnace process parameters in a reference period, only changing the volatile content of the blown bituminous coal, and obtaining the blast furnace heat loss, theoretical combustion temperature and slag alkalinity corresponding to the changed volatile content of the bituminous coal through total furnace energy balance calculation and regional energy balance calculation;
s3, on the basis of the step S2, keeping the coke ratio and the volatile content of the bituminous coal unchanged, adjusting the sintering ore charging proportion, the oxygen enrichment rate and the coal ratio, keeping the calculated heat loss of the blast furnace, the theoretical combustion temperature and the slag alkalinity consistent with the corresponding parameter values of the reference period in the step S1, obtaining the actual technological parameters corresponding to the volatile content of the bituminous coal after changing, and finishing the furnace temperature regulation.
Wherein, the blast furnace technological parameters comprise the composition and proportion of the sintered ore, pellet ore and lump ore used for blast furnace smelting, the composition of the coke and bituminous coal used for blast furnace smelting, the coke ratio, the coal ratio, the preset pig iron composition, the blast parameters and the like. Specifically, the method can be used for detecting the components of sintered ore, pellet ore and lump ore used for producing the blast furnace according to the blast furnace smelting experience, carrying out industrial analysis and element analysis on coke and bituminous coal used for producing the blast furnace, measuring the component composition of ash of the coke and the bituminous coal, and carrying out total furnace energy balance calculation and regional energy balance calculation based on the energy balance principle by combining the blast furnace production basic data. The energy balance calculation of the whole furnace comprises material balance and heat balance of the whole furnace; the regional energy balance calculation refers to the theoretical combustion temperature calculation of the tuyere convolution region.
Specifically, the heat loss of the blast furnace is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein eta is HL Heat loss of the blast furnace,%; q (Q) Z Is the total heat expenditure; q (Q) YF Total heat consumption for oxide decomposition; q (Q) S Is desulfurization and heat consumption; q (Q) Fuel-F Decomposing and consuming heat for the injected fuel; q (Q) slag Enthalpy taken away for slag; q (Q) pig-iron Enthalpy taken away by molten iron; q (Q) dust Heat taken away by furnace dust; q (Q) gas Heat taken away by the top gas;heat consumption for water decomposition; />Is the heat loss of carbon melting.
The theoretical combustion temperature is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein T is f Is the theoretical combustion temperature; q (Q) ck Exothermic for coke combustion; q (Q) cm The heat is released for the combustion of the coal powder; h b Sensible heat brought in for oxygen-enriched air blowing; h ck Sensible heat carried in for coke; h m Sensible heat brought in for pulverized coal; h gas Sensible heat brought by coal injection carrier gas; q (Q) w-g Absorbs heat for the water gas reaction; q (Q) decom Absorbs heat for fuel decomposition; q (Q) gas Absorbs heat for the carrier gas; v (V) g Is the gas quantity of the hearth; m is m a Ash content for burning coke and fuel before tuyere; m is m w Is the unburned fuel quantity; c (C) pg The heat capacity of the hearth gas is the heat capacity; c (C) a Is ash specific heat capacity; c (C) w Is the specific heat capacity of the unburned fuel. Note that, when the injection amount of the bituminous coal reaches 100%, the pulverized coal mentioned herein means bituminous coal.
Wherein, the coal powder burns and releases heat Q cm Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein q is cm The heat released by burning each kg of carbon in the coal powder into CO is the same value as the burning heat of carbon in the coke, 4.18 multiplied by 2340 kJ.kg -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the η is the combustion rate of the pulverized coal,%; w (W) M kJ.h is the coal injection quantity per hour -1 ；C M Carbon content (including fixed carbon) in coal dust,%; h 2 O M Is the water content of the coal dust,%.
Preferably, the pulverized coal combustion rate eta corresponding to the bituminous coal with different volatile contents is detected by a blast furnace coal injection simulation experiment device, and compared with other calculation modes, the actual situation can be reflected more accurately, and the accuracy of the regulation and control method provided by the invention is improved. In one embodiment of the present invention, the blast furnace coal injection simulation experiment apparatus used is the experiment apparatus provided in the patent publication No. CN 201258335Y.
The slag basicity is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein R is the binary basicity of slag;kg/t is the CaO content in the slag; />Is SiO in slag 2 The content of (3) kg/t.
The phase of the present inventionThe improvement of the prior art is not how to calculate each parameter involved in the above formula, and the calculation manner of these parameters is well known in the art, so it is not repeated here. Aiming at the problems of insufficient hearth heat, higher fuel consumption and the like caused by different volatile content of the bituminous coal during the injection of the high volatile bituminous coal, the invention provides a method for adjusting the heat loss of the blast furnace, the theoretical combustion temperature and the slag alkalinity to be consistent with the reference period by taking the heat loss of the blast furnace, the theoretical combustion temperature and the slag alkalinity in the reference period as direct adjusting targets and preferably keeping the coke ratio of the blast furnace unchanged and adjusting the heat loss of the blast furnace, the theoretical combustion temperature and the slag alkalinity in a mode of adjusting the charging proportion of the sintering ore, the coal ratio and the oxygen enrichment rate according to rules. In the adjusting process, the change of the sintering ore charging proportion, the coal ratio and the oxygen enrichment rate affects the calculation results of the heat loss, the theoretical combustion temperature and the slag alkalinity of the blast furnace, and also affects the blast volume, the ore volume, the slag volume, the hearth gas volume and the H 2 And the calculation results of parameters such as the CO utilization rate and the like, and according to basic calculation, corresponding parameters after regulation can be obtained, so that the furnace temperature is effectively regulated, and normal and stable production after the high-volatile bituminous coal is blown by the blast furnace is ensured.
Specifically, according to the change law obtained by the research of the inventor, the change of the coal ratio and the oxygen enrichment rate does not basically influence the slag alkalinity, the sinter charging proportion is positively related to the slag alkalinity, and the slag alkalinity can be effectively regulated by regulating the sinter charging proportion. The change of the coal ratio and the oxygen enrichment rate can affect the heat loss of the blast furnace and the theoretical combustion temperature. Specifically, the coal ratio mainly affects the heat loss of the blast furnace, and the theoretical combustion temperature is changed, and the coal ratio is positively correlated with the heat loss and negatively correlated with the theoretical combustion temperature. The oxygen enrichment rate mainly influences the theoretical combustion temperature, and meanwhile, the heat loss is changed, and the oxygen enrichment rate is positively correlated with the theoretical combustion temperature and negatively correlated with the heat loss of the blast furnace. Based on the above, when the sinter charging ratio, the oxygen enrichment rate and the coal ratio are adjusted:
firstly, gradually increasing or gradually reducing the proportion of sintering ore in the furnace to enable the slag alkalinity to be consistent with the value of the reference period (if the slag alkalinity needs to be increased, the proportion of sintering ore in the furnace is gradually increased, otherwise, the proportion of sintering ore in the furnace is gradually reduced until the slag alkalinity reaches the value of the reference period);
and then alternately adjusting the coal ratio and the oxygen enrichment rate to ensure that the heat loss of the blast furnace obtained after adjusting the coal ratio is consistent with the numerical value of the reference period, and the specific mode for keeping the theoretical combustion temperature obtained after adjusting the oxygen enrichment rate consistent with the numerical value of the reference period is as follows:
gradually increasing or gradually decreasing the coal ratio to keep the heat loss of the blast furnace consistent with the value of the reference period (if the heat loss of the blast furnace needs to be increased, the coal ratio is gradually increased, otherwise, the coal ratio is gradually decreased until the heat loss of the blast furnace reaches the value of the reference period);
gradually increasing or gradually decreasing the oxygen enrichment rate to enable the theoretical combustion temperature to be consistent with the value of the reference period (if the theoretical combustion temperature needs to be increased, the oxygen enrichment rate is gradually increased, otherwise, the oxygen enrichment rate is gradually decreased until the theoretical combustion temperature reaches the value of the reference period);
after the oxygen enrichment rate is regulated, if the heat loss of the blast furnace is inconsistent with the value of the reference period, repeating the steps, and alternately regulating the coal ratio and the oxygen enrichment rate until the finally obtained heat loss of the blast furnace and the theoretical combustion temperature are consistent with the value of the reference period.
The difference between the adjusted slag basicity, the heat loss of the blast furnace, the theoretical combustion temperature and the corresponding value of the reference period can be regarded as consistent within the allowable error range. Preferably, the difference in value between the adjusted slag basicity and the reference slag basicity is within 0.0005, the difference in value between the adjusted heat loss from the blast furnace and the reference slag basicity is within 0.005%, and the difference in value between the adjusted theoretical combustion temperature and the reference slag basicity is within 0.5 ℃, all of which are considered to be consistent. Based on the difference of the influence degree of the coal ratio and the oxygen enrichment rate on the heat loss and the theoretical combustion temperature of the blast furnace, the difference between the corresponding numerical values of the heat loss and the theoretical combustion temperature of the blast furnace and the reference period can be reduced to be within an allowable error range after the coal ratio and the oxygen enrichment rate are alternately regulated in the mode.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S1, the volatile content of the baseline bituminous coal is 31%; in step S2, the volatile content of the bituminous coal can be gradually increased to 33% -37%.
The method for regulating and controlling the blast furnace temperature of the high volatile bituminous coal injection furnace provided by the invention is described below by combining specific examples.
Examples
The embodiment provides a blast furnace high-volatile bituminous coal injection furnace temperature regulation and control method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, according to preset blast furnace process parameters in a reference period, determining the blast furnace heat loss, theoretical combustion temperature and slag basicity corresponding to the reference period when the fully-blown volatile component is 31% of bituminous coal through full-furnace energy balance calculation and regional energy balance calculation.
In this example, the preset blast furnace process parameters include the composition and proportion of the ingredients of the agglomerate, pellet and lump ore used, the composition of the ingredients of the coke and bituminous coal used in the blast furnace smelting, the coke ratio, the coal ratio, the preset pig iron ingredients, the blast parameters, and the like, as shown in tables 1 to 5.
TABLE 1 main chemical composition of blast furnace raw materials and charging ratio of various ores/wt%
TABLE 2 Fuel composition/wt%
Table 3 presets the molten iron composition/wt%
TABLE 4 distribution ratio of elements in slag, iron and gas
Table 5 blast furnace smelting parameters
In addition, the combustion rate of the bituminous coal with 31% volatile matter in this example was detected by using a blast furnace coal injection simulation experiment apparatus, and found to be 75%.
Based on the parameters, the total furnace energy balance calculation (namely the material balance calculation and the total furnace heat balance calculation) and the regional energy balance calculation (namely the theoretical combustion temperature calculation of the tuyere convolution zone) are performed. The obtained reference period blast furnace material balance table and the reference period total furnace heat balance table are shown in tables 6 and 7 respectively.
Table 6 blast furnace material balance table in reference period
Table 7 full furnace heat balance meter for reference period
The heat loss of the blast furnace in the table above is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein eta is HL Heat loss of the blast furnace,%; q (Q) Z Is the total heat expenditure; q (Q) YF Total heat consumption for oxide decomposition; q (Q) S Is desulfurization and heat consumption; q (Q) Fuel-F Decomposing and consuming heat for the injected fuel; q (Q) slag Enthalpy taken away for slag; q (Q) pig-iron Enthalpy taken away by molten iron; q (Q) dust Is furnace dustThe heat taken away; q (Q) gas Heat taken away by the top gas;heat consumption for water decomposition; />Is the heat loss of carbon melting.
Similarly, the theoretical combustion temperature is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein T is f Is the theoretical combustion temperature; q (Q) ck Exothermic for coke combustion; q (Q) cm The heat is released for the combustion of the coal powder; h b Sensible heat brought in for oxygen-enriched air blowing; h ck Sensible heat carried in for coke; h m Sensible heat brought in for pulverized coal; h gas Sensible heat brought by coal injection carrier gas; q (Q) w-g Absorbs heat for the water gas reaction; q (Q) decom Absorbs heat for fuel decomposition; q (Q) gas Absorbs heat for the carrier gas; v (V) g Is the gas quantity of the hearth; m is m a Ash content for burning coke and fuel before tuyere; m is m w Is the unburned fuel quantity; c (C) pg The heat capacity of the hearth gas is the heat capacity; c (C) a Is ash specific heat capacity; c (C) w Is the specific heat capacity of the unburned fuel.
Wherein, the coal powder burns and releases heat Q cm Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein q is cm The heat released by burning each kg of carbon in the coal powder into CO is the same value as the burning heat of carbon in the coke, 4.18 multiplied by 2340 kJ.kg -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the η is the burning rate of the pulverized coal, which was 75% in this example; w (W) M kJ.h is the coal injection quantity per hour -1 ；C M Carbon content (including fixed C) in the pulverized coal is calculated; h 2 O M Is the water content of the coal dust,%.
The slag basicity is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein R is the binary basicity of slag;kg/t is the CaO content in the slag; />Is SiO in slag 2 The content of (3) kg/t.
The specific calculation of the parameters involved in the above formula is well known in the art, and specific calculation procedures are not enumerated here in order to avoid redundancy.
After calculation according to the above formula, the final reference period of the blast furnace heat loss in this example was 5.26%, the theoretical combustion temperature was 2371 ℃, and the slag basicity was 1.14.
S2, maintaining the blast furnace process parameters in the reference period, changing the volatile content of the blown bituminous coal into 33% (35% and 37% respectively in other embodiments of the invention), measuring the burning rate of the pulverized coal when the volatile content is 33%, 35% and 37% respectively by a blast furnace coal injection simulation experiment device to be 76%, 80% and 85% respectively, and performing total furnace energy balance calculation and regional energy balance calculation in the same way as in the step S1 to obtain the blast furnace heat loss, theoretical burning temperature, slag alkalinity and other relevant parameters corresponding to the volatile content of the changed bituminous coal, wherein the specific parameters are shown in the table 8.
Table 8 corresponding relevant parameters of blast furnace under different working conditions before furnace temperature control
| Volatile content of bituminous coal | 31 | 33 | 35 | 37 |
| Oxygen enrichment percentage% | 5.85 | 5.85 | 5.85 | 5.85 |
| Theoretical combustion temperature DEG C | 2371 | 2375 | 2373 | 2368 |
| Basicity of slag | 1.144 | 1.147 | 1.153 | 1.162 |
| The proportion of sinter charged into the furnace is% | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 |
| Coke ratio kg/t | 396 | 396 | 396 | 396 |
| Coal ratio kg/t | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 |
| Fuel ratio kg/t | 546 | 546 | 546 | 546 |
| Blast volume m 3 /t | 915.56 | 902.76 | 893.48 | 886.45 |
| Ore kg/t | 1628.93 | 1628.91 | 1628.86 | 1628.79 |
| Slag quantity kg/t | 330.34 | 329.86 | 328.86 | 327.39 |
| H 2 Utilization rate% | 0.4990 | 0.5000 | 0.5000 | 0.5000 |
| CO utilization% | 0.4531 | 0.4555 | 0.4569 | 0.4577 |
| Gas volume m of furnace belly 3 /t | 1357.22 | 1344.15 | 1335.59 | 1329.89 |
| Material balance error% | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Heat loss% | 5.26 | 4.85 | 4.58 | 4.41 |
According to Table 8, it can be seen that under the condition that the oxygen enrichment rate, the coke ratio, the coal ratio and the fuel ratio are not changed, as the volatile content in the bituminous coal is increased, the alkalinity of the blast furnace slag is gradually increased, the blast amount is gradually reduced, the theoretical combustion temperature is firstly increased and then decreased, the fluctuation condition occurs, the heat loss of the blast furnace is continuously reduced, and the temperature of the blast furnace is unstable.
S3, on the basis of the step S2, keeping the coke ratio and the volatile content of the bituminous coal unchanged, adjusting the sintering ore charging proportion, the oxygen enrichment rate and the coal ratio, keeping the calculated heat loss of the blast furnace, the theoretical combustion temperature and the slag alkalinity consistent with the corresponding parameter values of the reference period in the step S1, obtaining the actual technological parameters corresponding to the volatile content of the bituminous coal after changing, and finishing the furnace temperature regulation.
Taking the example that the volatile component of the bituminous coal is changed into 33% in the embodiment, the specific adjustment mode is as follows:
firstly, regulating and controlling the slag alkalinity by regulating the sinter charging proportion, taking the slag alkalinity 1.144 corresponding to the reference period with the volatile component of 31% as a standard, gradually reducing the sinter charging proportion from 62% to 33% in order to reduce the slag alkalinity corresponding to the volatile component, observing the calculated slag alkalinity result, reducing the slag alkalinity to 1.144 when the sinter charging proportion is reduced to 61.8%, and keeping the value consistent with the value of the reference period, thereby completing the regulation and control of the sinter charging proportion.
Then, the heat loss of the blast furnace is regulated and controlled by regulating the coal ratio, the heat loss of the blast furnace corresponding to the reference period with the volatile of 31% is taken as a standard, in order to improve the heat loss of the blast furnace corresponding to the reference period with the volatile of 33%, the coal ratio is gradually improved from 150kg/t, the calculated heat loss result of the blast furnace is observed, when the coal ratio is improved to 154kg/t, the heat loss of the blast furnace is also improved to 5.26%, the heat loss of the blast furnace is kept consistent with the reference period, and the theoretical combustion temperature is reduced to 2370 ℃. And regulating and controlling the theoretical combustion temperature by regulating the oxygen enrichment rate, taking the theoretical combustion temperature 2371 ℃ corresponding to the reference period with the volatile component of 31% as a standard, gradually increasing the oxygen enrichment rate from 5.85% in order to keep the corresponding theoretical combustion temperature consistent with the reference period when the volatile component of 33%, observing and calculating the theoretical combustion temperature result, increasing the theoretical combustion temperature from 2370 ℃ to 2371 ℃ when the oxygen enrichment rate is increased to 5.88%, and keeping consistent with the reference period, wherein the heat loss of the blast furnace is reduced to 5.24%. And repeatedly adjusting the coal ratio, gradually increasing the coal ratio by 154kg/t with 5.26% as a standard, observing the calculated heat loss result of the blast furnace, increasing the heat loss of the blast furnace to 5.26% when the coal ratio is increased to 154.2kg/t, keeping the heat loss consistent with the reference period, reducing the theoretical combustion temperature to 2370.8 ℃ and keeping the error of the heat loss of the blast furnace to 0.2 ℃ with the reference period, and keeping the heat loss of the blast furnace consistent with the reference period after rounding to 2371 ℃ within the allowable error range. At this time, the heat loss and the theoretical combustion temperature of the blast furnace are consistent with the corresponding values of the reference period, and the adjustment of the coal ratio and the oxygen enrichment rate is completed.
Similarly, after the volatile components of the bituminous coal are changed into 35% and 37% respectively, the sintering ore charging proportion, the coal ratio and the oxygen enrichment rate can be adjusted in the above manner, so that the adjusted slag basicity, the blast furnace heat loss and the theoretical combustion temperature are kept consistent with the reference period. The relevant parameters under the blast furnace conditions corresponding to the different finally obtained bituminous coal volatile components are shown in table 9.
Table 9 corresponding relevant parameters of the blast furnace under different working conditions after furnace temperature regulation
As can be seen from Table 9, when the volatile content of the bituminous coal is increased, the heat loss of the blast furnace, the theoretical combustion temperature and the slag basicity can be basically maintained unchanged compared with the reference period by keeping the coke ratio unchanged, reducing the feeding proportion of the sintered ore, improving the coal ratio and increasing the oxygen enrichment rate, thereby indirectly controlling the blast furnace slag charge, the ore quantity, the slag quantity, the furnace belly gas quantity and H 2 And CO utilization rate and other parameters, thereby realizing furnace temperature regulation and control and further ensuring normal and stable production after the blast furnace is fully blown with high-volatile bituminous coal.
In summary, the invention provides a blast furnace high volatile bituminous coal injection furnace temperature regulation method, and belongs to the field of blast furnace ironmaking calculation. According to the method, through total furnace energy balance calculation and regional energy balance calculation, the heat loss, theoretical combustion temperature and slag alkalinity of the blast furnace in a reference period are determined; the volatile content of the bituminous coal is regulated, and the heat loss of the blast furnace, the theoretical combustion temperature and the slag alkalinity are maintained basically unchanged by comprehensively regulating the proportion of the sintered ore entering the furnace, the coal ratio and the oxygen enrichment rate by keeping the coke ratio of the blast furnace unchangedThereby indirectly regulating and controlling blast volume, ore volume, slag volume, furnace belly gas volume and H 2 And CO utilization rate and other parameters, realizes furnace temperature regulation and control so as to ensure normal and stable production after the blast furnace blows high-volatile bituminous coal.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The blast furnace high volatile component bituminous coal injection furnace temperature regulation and control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, presetting blast furnace process parameters in a reference period, and determining blast furnace heat loss, theoretical combustion temperature and slag alkalinity in the reference period through total furnace energy balance calculation and regional energy balance calculation;
s2, maintaining the blast furnace process parameters in a reference period, only changing the volatile content of the blown bituminous coal, and obtaining the blast furnace heat loss, theoretical combustion temperature and slag alkalinity corresponding to the changed volatile content of the bituminous coal through total furnace energy balance calculation and regional energy balance calculation;
s3, on the basis of the step S2, keeping the coke ratio and the volatile content of the bituminous coal unchanged, adjusting the sintering ore charging proportion, the oxygen enrichment rate and the coal ratio, keeping the calculated heat loss of the blast furnace, the theoretical combustion temperature and the slag alkalinity consistent with the corresponding parameter values of the reference period in the step S1, obtaining the actual technological parameters corresponding to the volatile content of the bituminous coal after changing, and finishing the furnace temperature regulation.
2. The method for regulating and controlling the temperature of the blast furnace by injecting high volatile bituminous coal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S3, the adjustment modes of the sinter feeding ratio, the oxygen enrichment rate and the coal ratio are as follows: firstly, gradually increasing or gradually reducing the proportion of sintering ore entering the furnace to ensure that the slag alkalinity is consistent with the value of the reference period; and alternately adjusting the coal ratio and the oxygen enrichment rate to ensure that the heat loss of the blast furnace obtained after adjusting the coal ratio is consistent with the value of the reference period, and the theoretical combustion temperature obtained after adjusting the oxygen enrichment rate is consistent with the value of the reference period.
3. The method for regulating and controlling the temperature of the blast furnace by injecting high volatile bituminous coal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the total furnace energy balance calculation comprises material balance and total furnace heat balance.
4. The method for regulating and controlling the temperature of the blast furnace by injecting high volatile bituminous coal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the regional energy balance calculation refers to the theoretical combustion temperature calculation of the tuyere convolution region.
5. The method for regulating and controlling the temperature of the blast furnace by injecting high volatile bituminous coal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the heat loss of the blast furnace is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein eta is HL Heat loss of the blast furnace,%; q (Q) Z Is the total heat expenditure; q (Q) YF Total heat consumption for oxide decomposition; q (Q) S Is desulfurization and heat consumption; q (Q) Fuel-F Decomposing and consuming heat for the injected fuel; q (Q) slag Enthalpy taken away for slag; q (Q) pig-iron Enthalpy taken away by molten iron; q (Q) dust Heat taken away by furnace dust; q (Q) gas Heat taken away by the top gas;heat consumption for water decomposition; />Is the heat loss of carbon melting.
6. The method for regulating and controlling the temperature of the blast furnace by injecting high volatile bituminous coal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the theoretical combustion temperature is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein T is f Is the theoretical combustion temperature; q (Q) ck Exothermic for coke combustion; q (Q) cm The heat is released for the combustion of the coal powder; h b Sensible heat brought in for oxygen-enriched air blowing; h ck Sensible heat carried in for coke; h m Sensible heat brought in for pulverized coal; h gas Sensible heat brought by coal injection carrier gas; q (Q) w-g Absorbs heat for the water gas reaction; q (Q) decom Absorbs heat for fuel decomposition; q (Q) gas Absorbs heat for the carrier gas; v (V) g Is the gas quantity of the hearth; m is m a Ash content for burning coke and fuel before tuyere; m is m w Is the unburned fuel quantity; c (C) pg The heat capacity of the hearth gas is the heat capacity; c (C) a Is ash specific heat capacity; c (C) w Is the specific heat capacity of the unburned fuel.
7. The method for regulating and controlling the temperature of the blast furnace by injecting high-volatile bituminous coal according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pulverized coal combustion rates corresponding to the soft coals with different volatile contents are detected by a blast furnace coal injection simulation experiment device and are used for calculating the pulverized coal combustion heat release.
8. The method for regulating and controlling the temperature of the blast furnace by injecting high volatile bituminous coal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the slag basicity is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein R is the binary basicity of slag;kg/t is the CaO content in the slag; />Is SiO in slag 2 The content of (3) kg/t.
9. The method for regulating and controlling the temperature of the blast furnace by injecting high volatile bituminous coal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S1, the volatile content of the bituminous coal in the reference period is 31%; in the step S2, the volatile content of the changed bituminous coal is 33-37%.
10. The method for regulating and controlling the temperature of the blast furnace by injecting high volatile bituminous coal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S1, the blast furnace process parameters include the composition and proportion of the sintered ore, pellet ore, and lump ore for blast furnace smelting, the composition of the coke and bituminous coal for blast furnace smelting, the coke ratio, the coal ratio, the preset pig iron composition, and the blast parameters.
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