CN117486207A - Coal pretreatment method, conductive pulverized coal and preparation method of coal-based graphene - Google Patents
Coal pretreatment method, conductive pulverized coal and preparation method of coal-based graphene Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002064 nanoplatelet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/184—Preparation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/184—Preparation
- C01B32/19—Preparation by exfoliation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coal pretreatment method, conductive pulverized coal and a preparation method of coal-based graphene, and belongs to the technical field of coal-based carbon materials. The pretreatment method of the coal comprises the steps of crushing the coal to obtain 200-mesh raw coal dust; carrying out deashing treatment on raw coal powder by using 6mol/L HCl for 8 hours, and washing and drying the raw coal powder by using deionized water to obtain acid-treated coal powder; carrying out deashing treatment on the coal powder subjected to acid treatment by using 1mol/L NaOH for 8 hours, and washing and drying the coal powder by using deionized water to obtain coal powder subjected to alkali treatment; and uniformly mixing the alkali-treated coal powder with carbon black or graphite paper to obtain the conductive coal powder. The coal dust is prepared by adopting the coal pretreatment method. The preparation method of the coal-based graphene adopts the conductive coal dust as a raw material, and prepares the coal-based graphene through a flash evaporation technology. According to the invention, coal with different grades can be used for preparing graphene by a flash evaporation technology, so that clean utilization of coal is promoted, and the added value of coal resources can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal-based carbon materials, in particular to a coal pretreatment method, conductive pulverized coal and a preparation method of coal-based graphene.
Background
Graphene is a kind of graphene with sp 2 The hybridized and connected carbon atoms are closely packed into a new material with a single-layer two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure, and the carbon atoms are regularly arranged in honeycomb lattice structural units. Each carbon atom is connected with other three carbon atoms through sigma bonds, the rest pi electrons and pi electrons of other carbon atoms form delocalized large pi bonds, and electrons can freely move in the region, so that the graphene has excellent conductive performance. Meanwhile, the close-packed honeycomb structure is also a basic unit for constructing other carbon materials, graphene with a monoatomic layer can be wrapped to form zero-dimensional fullerene, and single-layer or multi-layer graphene can be curled to form a single-wall or multi-wall carbon nano tube. As an emerging carbon nanomaterial in the 21 st century, graphene has very excellent properties, and has demonstrated great potential for applications in numerous fields, including catalysis, environmental remediation, energy conversion/storage, structural composites, sensing and medical applications, and is considered as a revolutionary material in the future.
At present, the method for synthesizing graphene can be divided into top layer stripping from top to bottom and bottom layer growth from bottom to top. Each technique has several drawbacks, such as: low yield, high cost, time consumption, no green, and the like, and is not suitable for large-scale production of graphene.
Coal is the most abundant and least expensive carbon source and has a unique structure and material composition. The preparation of novel carbonaceous materials such as graphene and the like and composite materials thereof by taking coal as a precursor is a work worthy of deep exploration. The preparation of graphene using flash evaporation technology is a fast and simple process with high cost efficiency and with expanded production possibilities. However, various grades of coal for preparing graphene as a flash evaporation technology generally cannot meet the flash evaporation requirement.
Thus, pretreatment of these different grades of coal is required to enable it to make graphene using flash evaporation techniques.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a coal pretreatment method, conductive pulverized coal and a coal-based graphene preparation method, which can enable coal of different grades to be used for preparing graphene by a flash evaporation technology, thereby promoting clean utilization of coal and improving the added value of coal resources.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a pretreatment method of coal comprises the following steps,
crushing coal to obtain 200-mesh raw coal powder;
carrying out deashing treatment on raw coal powder by using 6mol/L HCl for 8 hours, and washing and drying the raw coal powder by using deionized water to obtain acid-treated coal powder;
carrying out deashing treatment on the coal powder subjected to acid treatment by using 1mol/L NaOH for 8 hours, and washing and drying the coal powder by using deionized water to obtain coal powder subjected to alkali treatment;
and uniformly mixing the alkali-treated coal powder with carbon black or graphite paper to obtain the conductive coal powder.
Preferably, the coal comprises anthracite, charcoal, metallurgical coke or coal pitch.
Preferably, the washing with deionized water is drying, washing with deionized water to ph=7, and drying at 100 ℃.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the pulverized coal after alkali treatment to the carbon black is 4-18: 1.
preferably, the alkali-treated coal powder is contacted with the graphite paper, and the alkali-treated coal powder is placed in a cylinder formed by the graphite paper, so that the electric conductivity of the coal powder is improved through the graphite paper. In specific implementation, the treated coal dust and graphite paper are integrally put into a flash evaporation reaction vessel.
The invention also discloses conductive coal dust, which is prepared by adopting the coal pretreatment method.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the coal-based graphene, which adopts the conductive coal dust as a raw material and prepares the coal-based graphene by a flash evaporation technology.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps,
loading conductive coal powder into a flash evaporation device, and vacuumizing the flash evaporation device to-0.09 MPa;
applying pretreatment voltage of 20-90V and 12-14A to conductive coal powder for pretreatment for 1-3 times, wherein the duration of each pretreatment is 0.5-10 seconds;
and applying a flash evaporation voltage of 100-190V to the pretreated conductive coal dust, wherein the reaction time is 100-1000 milliseconds, and preparing the coal-based graphene.
Preferably, when a 100V flash voltage is used, the pretreatment method is that,
when the pretreatment voltage is 30V, the pretreatment is carried out for 3 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 50V, the pretreatment is carried out for 2 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 60V, the pretreatment is carried out for 1 time, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the 130V flash evaporation voltage is adopted, the pretreatment method is that,
when the pretreatment voltage is 30V, the pretreatment is carried out for 3 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 40V, the pretreatment is carried out for 2 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 70V, the pretreatment is carried out for 2 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the 150V flash evaporation voltage is adopted, the pretreatment method comprises the following steps of,
when the pretreatment voltage is 30V, the pretreatment is carried out for 2 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 60V, the pretreatment is carried out for 2 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 70V, the pretreatment is carried out for 1 time, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when 170V flash evaporation voltage is adopted, the pretreatment method is that,
when the pretreatment voltage is 30V, the pretreatment is carried out for 3 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 60V, the pretreatment is carried out for 2 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 90V, the pretreatment is carried out for 1 time, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when 190V flash evaporation voltage is adopted, the pretreatment method comprises the following steps,
when the pretreatment voltage is 20V and 12A, the pretreatment is carried out for 1 time, and the duration of each time is 5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 20V and 14A, the pretreatment is carried out for 1 time, and the duration of each time is 5s;
the pretreatment voltage was 20V,20A, and the duration of each pretreatment was 10s for 1 time.
With a 190V flash voltage, if the pulse voltage is too high by pretreatment, sputtering can occur in the quartz tube. Therefore, the low-voltage pretreatment is adopted, so that the pretreatment effect can be achieved, the splashing of the product can be reduced, and the effect of improving the yield is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the pretreatment method of coal provided by the invention comprises the steps of crushing coal, and respectively carrying out deashing treatment by acid and alkali, wherein CaCO is removed by acid treatment 3 、Al 2 O 3 Metal minerals contained in the coal are removed by alkali treatment to remove SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2· xH 2 O、FeS 2 And the mineral components are such that the content of substances such as kaolinite, quartz and the like in raw coal is reduced, and the treated coal dust is uniformly mixed with carbon black or contacted with graphite paper, so that the conductivity of the coal dust is improved, the coal dust can be used as a raw material for preparing graphene by a flash evaporation technology, the clean utilization of coal is promoted, and the added value of coal resources can be improved.
2. The conductive coal dust provided by the invention has good conductivity and can be used as a raw material for preparing graphene by a flash evaporation technology.
3. The preparation method of the coal-based graphene provided by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, easiness in operation, safety, high efficiency and low preparation cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of coal-based graphene prepared in examples 2 to 6 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a raman spectrum of coal-based graphene prepared in examples 2 to 6 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope spectrogram of the coal-based graphene prepared in examples 2 to 6 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a transmission electron microscope spectrum of the coal-based graphene prepared in examples 2 to 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention discloses a pretreatment method of coal, which comprises the following steps,
crushing coal to obtain raw coal powder of 100-300 meshes;
immersing raw coal powder in 6mol/L HCl solution, stirring for 8 hours at 80 ℃, carrying out deashing treatment, and washing and drying with deionized water to obtain acid-treated coal powder;
immersing the coal powder subjected to acid treatment in a 1mol/L NaOH solution, stirring at 80 ℃ for 8 hours to carry out deashing treatment, and washing and drying with deionized water to obtain the coal powder subjected to alkali treatment;
and uniformly mixing the alkali-treated coal powder with carbon black, or contacting the alkali-treated coal powder with graphite paper to obtain the conductive coal powder.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses conductive coal dust, which is prepared by adopting the coal pretreatment method.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a preparation method of the coal-based graphene, which adopts the conductive coal dust as a raw material and prepares the coal-based graphene by a flash evaporation technology.
The anthracite adopted in the embodiment of the invention is purchased in the quality supervision and inspection institute (Pu' an anthracite) of coal products in Guizhou province, and the performance is as follows: the fixed carbon content is 60 percent and the resistance is 280 omega.
Example 1
1. Preparation of conductive coal powder
The anthracite powder was dried at 100℃for 24 hours, and then the raw coal was pulverized into 200 mesh (0.074 mm) powder by a pulverizer to obtain a powdery raw coal powder, which was designated as AC-200.
The AC-200 was impregnated with 6mol/L HCl and stirred at 80℃for 8 hours, then washed with deionized water to pH=7, and dried at 100℃to give an acid-treated AC-200.
The acid-treated AC-200 was immersed in 1mol/L NaOH and stirred at 80℃for 8 hours, then washed with deionized water to pH=7, and dried at 100℃to give an alkali-treated AC-200.
Acid-base treated AC-200 was mixed with carbon black according to 4: and (3) uniformly mixing the materials according to the mass ratio to obtain the conductive coal dust.
Example 2
The conductive coal powder prepared in the example 1 is transferred into a flash evaporation device, and is vacuumized to the vacuum degree of-0.09 MPa after sample loading.
The mixed sample is pretreated. The pretreatment mode is as follows: first, pretreatment was performed 3 times with a 30V pulse voltage for 0.5s each time. The pretreatment was carried out 2 times with a pulse voltage of 50V, each time with a duration of 0.5s. Finally, 60V pulse voltage is adopted for pretreatment for 1 time, and the duration of the pretreatment is 0.5s. After pretreatment, 100V pulse voltage is applied for 500 milliseconds, and the reaction is finished to obtain a product which is marked as AC-FG-100.
Example 3
The conductive coal powder prepared in example 1 is transferred into a flash evaporation device, and is vacuumized until the vacuum degree is-0.09 MPa after sample loading.
The mixed sample is pretreated. The pretreatment mode is as follows: first, pretreatment was performed 3 times with a 30V pulse voltage for 0.5s each time. The pretreatment was carried out 2 times with a pulse voltage of 40V, each time with a duration of 0.5s. Finally, pretreatment is carried out for 2 times by adopting 70V pulse voltage, and the duration of the pretreatment is 0.5s. After the pretreatment, a 130V pulse voltage was applied for 500 milliseconds, and after the reaction was completed, a product was obtained, which was designated as AC-FG-130.
Example 4
Transferring conductive coal powder (AC-200 after acid-base treatment) into a flash evaporation device, and vacuumizing to the vacuum degree of-0.09 MPa after sample loading.
The mixed sample is pretreated. The pretreatment mode is as follows: first, pretreatment was performed 2 times with a 30V pulse voltage for 0.5s each time. The pretreatment was carried out 2 times with a 60V pulse voltage, each time with a duration of 0.5s. Finally, pretreatment is carried out for 1 time by adopting 70V pulse voltage, and the duration of the pretreatment is 0.5s. After pretreatment, 150V pulse voltage is applied for 500 milliseconds, and the product is obtained after the reaction is finished, namely the AC-FG-150.
Example 5
Transferring conductive coal powder (AC-200 after acid-base treatment) into a flash evaporation device, and vacuumizing to the vacuum degree of-0.09 MPa after sample loading.
The mixed sample is pretreated. The pretreatment mode is as follows: first, pretreatment was performed 3 times with a 30V pulse voltage for 0.5s each time. The pretreatment was carried out 2 times with a 60V pulse voltage, each time with a duration of 0.5s. Finally, the pretreatment is carried out for 1 time by adopting 90V pulse voltage, and the duration of the pretreatment is 0.5s. After pretreatment, 170V pulse voltage is applied for 500 milliseconds, and the product is obtained after the reaction is finished, namely the AC-FG-170.
Example 6
Transferring conductive coal powder (AC-200 after acid-base treatment) into a flash evaporation device, and vacuumizing to the vacuum degree of-0.09 MPa after sample loading.
The mixed sample is pretreated. The pretreatment mode is as follows: first, pretreatment was performed 1 time with a 20V,12A pulse voltage for 5s each time. The pretreatment is carried out for 1 time by adopting 20V and 14A pulse voltage, and the duration of each time is 5s. Finally, the pretreatment is carried out for 1 time by adopting 20V and 20A pulse voltage, and the duration of the pretreatment is 10s. After pretreatment, 190V pulse voltage is applied for 500 milliseconds, and the product is obtained after the reaction is finished, namely the AC-FG-190.
Table 1 conditions for flash vaporization and pretreatment in examples 2 to 5
The X-ray diffraction patterns of the coal-based graphene prepared in examples 2 to 6 are shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, after flash evaporation, the (002) plane diffraction angle of the coal-based graphene is about 26.3 degrees, and d (002) is calculated to be about 0.338nm, and the higher the flash evaporation voltage is, the stronger the (002) plane diffraction peak intensity is, which indicates that the sample after flash evaporation under high pressure has a more regular graphite crystallite structure.
Raman spectra of the coal-based graphene prepared in examples 2 to 6 are shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, all coal-based graphite samples were at 1350cm -1 The strong defect D peak is related to the disordered carbon of the sample, which indicates that the material has more defects and is probably due to the wide curvature of the wrinkled graphene [5 ]]。1580cm -1 There is a strong G peak around, associated with highly ordered graphites. Except for AC-FG-100, the remaining graphitized samples were at about 2700cm -1 There is a distinct 2D peak, indicating that graphene is being generated.
The scanning electron microscope spectra of the coal-based graphene prepared in examples 2 to 6 are shown in FIG. 3, wherein a represents AC-FG-100, b represents AC-FG-130, c represents AC-FG-150, d represents AC-FG-170, and e represents AC-FG-190. As can be seen from fig. 3, in a scanning electron microscope spectrogram with a 200nm scale, the graphite nanoplatelets prepared by the method of the present invention can be clearly observed, and the morphology shows a tightly stacked layered structure of graphene layers.
FIG. 4 is a transmission electron microscopic spectrum of coal-based graphene prepared in examples 2 to 6, wherein a represents AC-FG-100, b represents AC-FG-130, c represents AC-FG-150, d represents AC-FG-170, and e represents AC-FG-190. In a 10nm scale transmission electron microscopy, a number of curved structures of graphite, similar to non-graphitized carbon, which may be referred to as wrinkled graphene, are clearly observed.
In summary, according to the coal pretreatment method provided by the invention, the coal is crushed and subjected to the deashing treatment by acid and alkali respectively, and the treated coal dust is uniformly mixed with carbon black or graphite paper, so that the conductivity of the coal dust is improved, and the coal dust can be used as a raw material for preparing graphene by a flash evaporation technology to prepare coal-based graphene. Therefore, clean utilization of coal can be promoted, and the added value of coal resources can be improved.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A pretreatment method of coal is characterized by comprising the following steps,
crushing coal to obtain raw coal powder of 100-300 meshes;
immersing raw coal powder in 6mol/L HCl solution, stirring at 80 ℃ for 8 hours, washing with deionized water, and drying to obtain acid-treated coal powder;
immersing the coal powder subjected to acid treatment in a 1mol/L NaOH solution, stirring at 80 ℃ for 8 hours, and washing and drying with deionized water to obtain the coal powder subjected to alkali treatment;
and uniformly mixing the alkali-treated coal powder with carbon black, or contacting the alkali-treated coal powder with graphite paper to obtain the conductive coal powder.
2. The method for pretreating coal of claim 1, wherein the coal comprises anthracite, charcoal, metallurgical coke, or coal pitch.
3. The method for pretreating coal according to claim 1, wherein the washing with deionized water is drying, washing with deionized water to ph=7, and drying at 100 ℃.
4. The pretreatment method of coal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the pulverized coal after alkali treatment to the carbon black is 4-18: 1.
5. the method for pretreating coal according to claim 1, wherein the step of bringing the alkali-treated pulverized coal into contact with the graphite paper is performed by placing the alkali-treated pulverized coal in a cylinder formed by the graphite paper.
6. A conductive coal dust, characterized in that the coal dust is prepared by the coal pretreatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. A method for preparing coal-based graphene, which is characterized in that the conductive coal dust as claimed in claim 6 is used as a raw material, and the coal-based graphene is prepared by a flash evaporation technology.
8. The method for preparing coal-based graphene according to claim 7, comprising the steps of,
loading conductive coal powder into a flash evaporation device, and vacuumizing the flash evaporation device to-0.09 MPa;
applying pretreatment voltage of 20-90V and 12-14A to conductive coal powder for pretreatment for 1-3 times, wherein the duration of each pretreatment is 0.5-10 seconds;
and applying a flash evaporation voltage of 100-190V to the pretreated conductive coal dust, wherein the reaction time is 100-1000 milliseconds, and preparing the coal-based graphene.
9. The method for preparing coal-based graphene according to claim 8, wherein,
when the flash evaporation voltage of 100V is adopted, the pretreatment method comprises the following steps,
when the pretreatment voltage is 30V, the pretreatment is carried out for 3 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 50V, the pretreatment is carried out for 2 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 60V, the pretreatment is carried out for 1 time, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the 130V flash evaporation voltage is adopted, the pretreatment method is that,
when the pretreatment voltage is 30V, the pretreatment is carried out for 3 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 40V, the pretreatment is carried out for 2 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 70V, the pretreatment is carried out for 2 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the 150V flash evaporation voltage is adopted, the pretreatment method comprises the following steps of,
when the pretreatment voltage is 30V, the pretreatment is carried out for 2 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 60V, the pretreatment is carried out for 2 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 70V, the pretreatment is carried out for 1 time, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when 170V flash evaporation voltage is adopted, the pretreatment method is that,
when the pretreatment voltage is 30V, the pretreatment is carried out for 3 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 60V, the pretreatment is carried out for 2 times, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 90V, the pretreatment is carried out for 1 time, and the duration of each time is 0.5s;
when 190V flash evaporation voltage is adopted, the pretreatment method comprises the following steps,
when the pretreatment voltage is 20V and 12A, the pretreatment is carried out for 1 time, and the duration of each time is 5s;
when the pretreatment voltage is 20V and 14A, the pretreatment is carried out for 1 time, and the duration of each time is 5s;
the pretreatment voltage was 20V,20A, and the duration of each pretreatment was 10s for 1 time.
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