CN117478456A - Equipment instruction acquisition scheduling method and device based on RS485 bus - Google Patents
Equipment instruction acquisition scheduling method and device based on RS485 bus Download PDFInfo
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- CN117478456A CN117478456A CN202311486264.8A CN202311486264A CN117478456A CN 117478456 A CN117478456 A CN 117478456A CN 202311486264 A CN202311486264 A CN 202311486264A CN 117478456 A CN117478456 A CN 117478456A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L12/403—Bus networks with centralised control, e.g. polling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device instruction acquisition and scheduling method based on an RS485 bus, wherein a host is in communication connection with a plurality of devices through the RS485 bus, and the device instruction acquisition and scheduling method comprises the following steps: collecting each device instruction of each device to obtain a communication message round trip time (RTT value) of each device instruction, and obtaining a reference RTT value of each device instruction according to the communication message round trip time; storing the corresponding relation between the equipment instruction and the reference RTT value into an RTT hash table; the data acquisition method comprises the following steps: calculating the weight of each equipment instruction according to the reference RTT value of each equipment instruction; and taking the weight of the equipment instruction as a weight factor of a weight polling scheduling algorithm, and polling each equipment instruction through the weight polling scheduling algorithm so as to acquire corresponding data. The invention has high acquisition efficiency and high information throughput. The invention also discloses a device instruction acquisition and scheduling device based on the RS485 bus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of industrial equipment networking communication, in particular to a method for efficiently carrying out inter-equipment communication.
Background
RS485 is a standard defining the electrical characteristics of the drivers and receivers in balanced digital multipoint systems, which standard is defined by the telecommunications industry association and the electronics industry association. Digital communication networks using this standard are capable of transmitting signals efficiently under long-range conditions and in environments where electronic noise is large.
The RS485 network is built based on a master/slave framework, i.e. one host accesses multiple devices. The host acts as a transmitter, making a request to a designated device, the device acting as a receiver. The host listens for a response and if a response is not obtained within the appropriate time frame, the communication will be terminated, with the communication mode belonging to half duplex mode.
Based on this broadcast-like communication mode, if the number of attached industrial devices is large, it is common practice in the industry to: and carrying out data acquisition based on the priority of the equipment, wherein the communication duration of each acquisition period is fixed. Such processing may result in low communication throughput; because different devices have different response speeds, some high-speed devices can be influenced by low-speed devices necessarily; and once equipment fails, equipment communication on the whole bus can be seriously tired, the throughput of equipment for collecting data is seriously reduced, and the instantaneity of an acquisition system is reduced.
Therefore, the invention optimizes the polling algorithm of the master device under the condition of not modifying the existing bus and various slave devices, so that the master device can adapt to various high-low-speed slave devices, and the real-time performance of data acquisition is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device instruction acquisition scheduling method and device based on an RS485 bus, which have high acquisition efficiency and high information throughput.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention discloses a device instruction acquisition scheduling method based on an RS485 bus, wherein a host is in communication connection with a plurality of devices through the RS485 bus, and the devices are provided with one or more device instructions, including a creating method and a data acquisition method of an RTT hash table; the creation method comprises the following steps: step 1, collecting each equipment instruction of each equipment to obtain the communication message round trip time of each equipment instruction, and obtaining a reference RTT value of each equipment instruction according to the communication message round trip time; step 2, storing the corresponding relation between the equipment instruction and the reference RTT value into an RTT hash table; the data acquisition method comprises the following steps: step 3, determining the weight of each equipment instruction according to the size of the reference RTT value of each equipment instruction; and 4, taking the weight of the equipment instruction as a weight factor of a weight polling scheduling algorithm, and polling each equipment instruction through the weight polling scheduling algorithm to acquire corresponding data, wherein the larger the reference RTT value of each equipment instruction is, the smaller the weight is.
Preferably, in step 1, obtaining the reference RTT value of each device instruction according to the round trip time of the communication message specifically includes: dividing the device instruction into different speed intervals according to the length of the round trip time of the communication message, setting corresponding calibration time for the different device intervals, and adding the round trip time of the communication message with the corresponding calibration time to obtain the corresponding reference RTT value, wherein the faster the speed interval is, the smaller the calibration time is. The scheme is used for carrying out high-frequency communication aiming at a high-speed equipment instruction (low RTT value), carrying out low-frequency communication aiming at a low-speed equipment instruction (high RTT value), and realizing the maximum communication throughput by adaptively and fully utilizing the characteristic of time division multiplexing.
Specifically, the obtaining, in step 1, the reference RTT value of each device instruction according to the round trip time of the communication message specifically includes: dividing the device instruction into a high-speed device instruction and a low-speed device instruction according to the length of the communication message round trip time of the device instruction, adding a first calibration time to the communication message round trip time of the high-speed device instruction to obtain a reference RTT value of the high-speed device instruction, adding a second calibration time to the communication message round trip time of the low-speed device instruction to obtain a reference RTT value of the low-speed device instruction, wherein the first calibration time is smaller than the second calibration time.
Preferably, the RTT hash table includes a device address of a device corresponding to the device instruction, an instruction number of the device instruction, and a reference RTT value of the device instruction.
Preferably, step 1 is repeated one or more times to obtain again the reference RTT value of the device command, obtain the maximum reference RTT value of each device command, and use the maximum reference RTT value as the final reference RTT value of the device command.
Preferably, in the step 1 and the step 4, if the round trip time of the communication message exceeds the first preset time when the equipment instruction is collected, the equipment is judged to be faulty, and the faulty equipment is isolated and stored in a faulty equipment list. The invention judges whether the corresponding equipment fails or not through the collected RTT value of the equipment instruction, and can quickly and timely discover the failure according to the RTT value of the equipment instruction and isolate the failure when one piece of equipment encounters the failure, and intermittently tries to wake up the equipment during the isolation period so as to achieve the aim of self-recovery.
More preferably, the round trip time of each device instruction acquisition is called an acquisition period, the host computer judges the communication attempt number and the acquisition time interval of each fault device before each acquisition period, and performs one communication attempt when the acquisition time interval of the fault device exceeds a preset time length, the preset time length is obtained according to the communication attempt number, and the more the communication attempt number is, the longer the preset time length is. The scheme enables the invention to restore the communication of the device as much as possible after the fault is repaired.
Specifically, before an acquisition period, the host performs one communication attempt on the failed device with the communication attempt number not exceeding a second preset value and the acquisition time interval being longer than a second time period after the failure, if the communication is successful, the device is deleted from the failed device list, and the normal communication flow is restored; for the equipment with the communication attempt times exceeding the second preset value and the acquisition time interval being longer than the third time length, performing one communication attempt, if the communication is successful, deleting the equipment from the fault equipment list so as to recover the normal communication flow; the third time length is greater than the second time length, the third time length is a constant, the second time length=a+b×c, a is a constant, b is a coefficient, and c is the number of communication attempts. The scheme divides the number of attempts into two partitions, wherein the first partition adjusts the preset time length through the linear relation of the number of attempts, and the second partition adopts a constant time length to perform fault attempts.
Preferably, the step 3 specifically includes: and traversing the RTT hash table, searching a numerical value max with the maximum reference RTT value of all the equipment instructions, and calculating the weight W of each equipment instruction according to a calculation formula W=max/R, wherein R is the reference RTT value of the corresponding equipment instruction.
The invention also discloses a device instruction acquisition and scheduling device based on the RS485 bus, which is arranged in the host and comprises: the communication interface is in communication connection with the equipment through an RS485 bus; one or more processors; a memory; and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for performing the RS485 bus-based device instruction acquisition scheduling method as described above.
In summary, the device instruction is used as a sequencing unit of the weight polling scheduling algorithm, rather than the device itself, the RTT value is calculated for each device instruction to obtain the reference RTT value, the weight of the device instruction is calculated according to the reference RTT value, and the weight is used as a weight factor of the weight polling scheduling algorithm to set the polling times and/or frequencies of each device instruction, so as to determine the order of the device instruction, thereby not only effectively improving the acquisition efficiency, but also improving the real-time performance of the acquired data and enhancing the communication throughput of the RS485 bus.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an RS485 bus network of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method of creating RTT hash table according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a data acquisition method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the technical content, the constructional features, the achieved objects and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made in connection with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses an equipment instruction acquisition and scheduling method based on an RS485 bus, wherein a host is in communication connection with a plurality of pieces of equipment through the RS485 bus, and the equipment instruction acquisition and scheduling method comprises an RTT hash table creation method and a data acquisition method. The invention is illustrated with multi-device communication based on an RS485 bus network. Referring to fig. 1, the rs485 bus network is divided into a host, a plurality of buses, and a plurality of devices, and the host and the devices communicate so that the entire link is communicated. One device may be involved in the collection of multiple device instructions.
Referring to fig. 2, the creation method includes steps S11 to S12.
And S11, collecting each equipment instruction of each equipment to obtain the communication message round trip time of each equipment instruction, and obtaining the reference RTT value of each equipment instruction according to the communication message round trip time.
Specifically, the step S11 includes steps S11 a to S11 c.
In step S11 a, after the host is started, an RTT hash table is created and cached in the memory of the host. Of course, the RTT hash table may also be stored in other memories of the host. The data structure of the RTT hash table is the address of the device, the instruction number of the device instruction and the reference RTT value. Where RTT is the communication message round trip time, RTT = feedback data received time-request sent time. In addition, the host machine also creates a fault device list at the same time, and exclusively stores the fault devices. The host then begins to poll at the adaptive device communication rate, which comprises the following steps:
in step S11 b, a scheduling procedure is set according to the actual requirement, which is common knowledge in the art and will not be described in detail herein. In the scheduling process, each communication timeout setting, that is, the setting of the first preset time, is performed, and in this embodiment, the first preset time is set to 10s.
Step S11 c, according to the set scheduling flow, N times of acquisition corresponding to the number of the acquired equipment instructions are carried out on each equipment, and each acquisition period corresponds to a different acquisition instruction. After the acquisition is completed, N communication message round trip times, that is, RTT values, are generated for different device instructions of the device.
In the process, if the RTT value acquired during a certain equipment acquisition instruction exceeds a first preset time, equipment failure is judged, and the equipment is isolated and stored in a failure equipment list.
And step S11 d, weighting the RTT value to obtain a corresponding reference RTT value, thereby reducing the influence caused by line transmission jitter and increasing the reliability of communication. Of course, in another embodiment, the RTT value may be directly taken as the reference RTT value, unlike the embodiment.
In step S11 d, the device command may be divided into different speed intervals according to the round trip time of the communication message, and then corresponding calibration time is set for different device intervals, and the round trip time of the communication message is added with the corresponding calibration time to obtain the corresponding reference RTT value, where the faster the speed interval is, the smaller the calibration time is. The scheme enables the invention to carry out high-frequency communication aiming at high-speed equipment instructions (with low RTT value), and low-frequency communication aiming at low-speed equipment instructions (with high RTT value), and the invention can adaptively and fully utilize the characteristic of time division multiplexing to realize the maximum communication throughput.
Specifically, according to the length of the round trip time of the communication message, the corresponding equipment instruction is divided into a high-speed equipment instruction and a low-speed equipment instruction, a first calibration time is added to the round trip time of the communication message of the high-speed equipment instruction to obtain a reference RTT value of the high-speed equipment instruction, a second calibration time is added to the round trip time of the communication message of the low-speed equipment instruction to obtain a reference RTT value of the low-speed equipment instruction, and the first calibration time is smaller than the second calibration time. The communication message round trip time (RTT value) is set as a high-speed device command when the communication message round trip time (RTT value) is lower than a preset duration, and the communication message round trip time (RTT value) is set as a low-speed device command when the communication message round trip time (RTT value) is higher than the preset duration. Of course, in another embodiment, the medium speed device command between the high speed device command and the low speed device command may also be divided according to the round trip time of the communication message.
In this embodiment, for a low speed class device instruction, its RTT value may be added 150 milliseconds, and for a high speed class device instruction, its RTT value may be added 50 milliseconds. Of course, the first calibration time and the second calibration time may be set according to actual needs, and are not limited to the above values.
In step S11 c and step S11 d, data acquisition and weighting processing are sequentially performed on all devices from the first device until data acquisition of device instructions of all devices is completed.
Step S12, storing the corresponding relation between the equipment instruction and the reference RTT value into an RTT hash table. That is, the RTT hash table is updated according to the obtained reference RTT value, so as to store the corresponding relationship between the device command and the reference RTT value.
Preferably, step S11 is repeated to obtain a maximum reference RTT value of each device command, and the maximum reference RTT value is used as a final reference RTT value of the device command.
Specifically, steps S11 c to S11 d are repeatedly performed to obtain a new reference RTT value, and each time the reference RTT value is obtained, the new reference RTT value is compared with the corresponding reference RTT value stored in the RTT hash table, and the large reference RTT value is updated to the RTT hash table. The step S11 may be repeated once or twice, where the number of repetitions is set according to the actual needs.
The RTT hash table is established and used, so that the base of the polling of a plurality of devices of the RS485 bus is improved, and the scheduling system of the host computer can reasonably arrange the acquisition tasks according to the base, so that the real-time performance of the acquired data of the devices is maximized. Next, it is explained in detail how the host performs data acquisition using the reference RTT value.
Referring to fig. 3, the data acquisition method includes steps S21 to S22.
And S21, calculating the weight of each equipment instruction according to the reference RTT value of each equipment instruction.
Specifically, traversing the RTT hash table, searching a maximum reference RTT value max of the device instruction, calculating a weight of each device instruction according to a calculation company w=max/R, where R is the reference RTT value of the corresponding device instruction.
And S22, taking the weight of the equipment instruction as a weight factor of a weight polling scheduling algorithm, and polling each equipment instruction through the weight polling scheduling algorithm so as to acquire corresponding data.
When a corresponding device instruction is polled, acquiring acquisition data corresponding to the device instruction, judging that the device is faulty if the time acquired at this time exceeds the RTT value by a first preset time, isolating and storing the device into a faulty device list, deleting the acquisition tasks of all the device instructions of the device from the polling sequence, and reducing the acquisition frequency of the faulty device in a subsequent acquisition period.
The polling times and/or frequencies of each device instruction are calculated through a weight polling scheduling algorithm, and the specific polling sequence of each device instruction of all devices with normal communication is sequentially formulated to determine the polling sequence of the device instruction in a period of time in the future or in M acquisitions in the future, wherein M is a preset value which can be 100, 200 and the like. The number of polls is the number of acquisitions in a fixed period of time. Each device command is then polled, through the polling sequence, endless loop to collect the corresponding data. Wherein, the higher the weight, the higher the number of times of polling, and the larger the sequence frequency.
For the failed equipment, before an acquisition period, the host performs one communication attempt on the equipment with the communication attempt times not exceeding a second preset value and the acquisition time interval being longer than a second time length, and if the communication is successful, the equipment is deleted from the failed equipment list so as to recover the normal communication flow; for the equipment with the communication attempt times exceeding the second preset value and the acquisition time interval being longer than the third time length, performing one communication attempt, if the communication is successful, deleting the equipment from the fault equipment list so as to recover the normal communication flow; the third length of time is greater than the second length of time.
When a device is added to the list of faulty devices, the host initializes the last acquisition timestamp and the number of communication attempts of the device.
For example, before performing an acquisition cycle (round trip time of each device command acquisition), the devices in the failed device list are checked, and if the number of attempts of a failed device is less than 10 (of course, the number may be set according to actual needs, and is not limited to 10), and the time from the last acquisition exceeds the second time length (in this embodiment, the calculation formula: 3 seconds+10 times of attempts), the host will also perform a communication attempt on the failed device. If the communication is successful, the communication is deleted from the fault equipment list, and the normal communication flow is restored.
Before performing an acquisition cycle (round trip time of each device command acquisition), the devices in the fault device list are checked, and if the number of attempts of a fault device is greater than or equal to 10 (of course, the number may be set according to actual needs, and is not limited to 10), and the time from the last acquisition exceeds a third time length (in this embodiment, the third time length is 300 seconds), the host will also perform a communication attempt on the fault device. If the communication is successful, the communication is deleted from the fault equipment list, and the normal communication flow is restored.
The invention also discloses a device instruction acquisition and scheduling device based on the RS485 bus, which is arranged in the host and comprises: the communication interface is in communication connection with the equipment through an RS485 bus; one or more processors; a memory; and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for performing the RS485 bus-based device instruction acquisition scheduling method as described above.
In summary, the invention is based on the detection mechanism to achieve the purposes of effectively adapting high-speed equipment and low-speed equipment, improving the communication throughput of the RS485 bus and reducing the influence on other normal equipment as fast as possible.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, which follow, as defined in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The equipment instruction acquisition scheduling method based on the RS485 bus comprises a host and equipment which is in communication connection with the host through the RS485 bus, wherein the equipment is provided with one or more equipment instructions, and is characterized in that: the method comprises a creating method and a data acquisition method of an RTT hash table;
the creation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting each equipment instruction of each equipment to obtain the communication message round trip time of each equipment instruction, and obtaining a reference RTT value of each equipment instruction according to the communication message round trip time;
step 2, storing the corresponding relation between the equipment instruction and the reference RTT value into an RTT hash table;
the data acquisition method comprises the following steps:
step 3, determining the weight of each equipment instruction according to the size of the reference RTT value of each equipment instruction;
and 4, taking the weight of the equipment instruction as a weight factor of a weight polling scheduling algorithm, and polling each equipment instruction through the weight polling scheduling algorithm, wherein the larger the reference RTT value of each equipment instruction is, the smaller the weight is.
2. The device instruction acquisition scheduling method of claim 1, wherein: the step 1 of obtaining the reference RTT value of each device instruction according to the round trip time of the communication message specifically includes: dividing the device instruction into different speed intervals according to the length of the round trip time of the communication message, setting corresponding calibration time for the different device intervals, and adding the round trip time of the communication message with the corresponding calibration time to obtain the corresponding reference RTT value, wherein the faster the speed interval is, the smaller the calibration time is.
3. The device instruction acquisition scheduling method of claim 2, wherein: the step 1 of obtaining the reference RTT value of each device instruction according to the round trip time of the communication message specifically includes: dividing the device instruction into a high-speed device instruction and a low-speed device instruction according to the length of the communication message round trip time of the device instruction, adding a first calibration time to the communication message round trip time of the high-speed device instruction to obtain a reference RTT value of the high-speed device instruction, adding a second calibration time to the communication message round trip time of the low-speed device instruction to obtain a reference RTT value of the low-speed device instruction, wherein the first calibration time is smaller than the second calibration time.
4. The device instruction acquisition scheduling method of claim 1, wherein: the RTT hash table comprises the equipment address of the equipment corresponding to the equipment instruction, the instruction number of the equipment instruction and the reference RTT value of the equipment instruction.
5. The device instruction acquisition scheduling method of claim 1, wherein: repeating the step 1 one or more times to obtain the reference RTT value of the equipment instruction again, obtaining the maximum reference RTT value of each equipment instruction, and taking the maximum reference RTT value as the final reference RTT value of the equipment instruction.
6. The device instruction acquisition scheduling method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1 and the step 4, if the round trip time of the communication message exceeds the first preset time when the equipment instruction is acquired, the equipment is judged to be faulty, and the faulty equipment is isolated and stored in a faulty equipment list.
7. The device instruction acquisition scheduling method of claim 6, wherein: the round trip time of each equipment instruction acquisition is called an acquisition period, the host computer judges the communication attempt times and the acquisition time interval of each fault equipment before each acquisition period, and performs one communication attempt when the acquisition time interval of the fault equipment exceeds a preset time length, wherein the preset time length is acquired according to the communication attempt times, and the more the communication attempt times are, the longer the preset time length is.
8. The device instruction acquisition scheduling method of claim 7, wherein: before one acquisition period, carrying out one communication attempt on the failed equipment with the communication attempt times not exceeding a second preset value and the acquisition time interval being longer than a second time length after the failure, if the communication is successful, deleting the equipment from a failure equipment list, and recovering a normal communication flow; for the equipment with the communication attempt times exceeding the second preset value and the acquisition time interval being longer than the third time length, performing one communication attempt, if the communication is successful, deleting the equipment from the fault equipment list so as to recover the normal communication flow; the third time length is greater than the second time length, the third time length is a constant, the second time length=a+b×c, a is a constant, b is a coefficient, and c is the number of communication attempts.
9. The device instruction acquisition scheduling method of claim 1, wherein: the step 3 specifically includes: and traversing the RTT hash table, searching a numerical value max with the maximum reference RTT value of all the equipment instructions, and calculating the weight W of each equipment instruction according to a calculation formula W=max/R, wherein R is the reference RTT value of the corresponding equipment instruction.
10. Device instruction acquisition dispatch device based on RS485 bus sets up in the host computer, its characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
the communication interface is in communication connection with the equipment through an RS485 bus;
one or more processors;
a memory; and
one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for performing the RS485 bus-based device instruction acquisition scheduling method of any of claims 1-9.
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