CN117474333A - Analysis method for influence of power grid engineering on biodiversity - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an analysis method of the influence of power grid engineering on biodiversity, which belongs to the technical field of power construction and comprises the following steps: s1: determining the engineering area range of the power grid engineering, and determining the species list of plants and animals affected by the power grid engineering through ground investigation; s2: analyzing the types and the qualities of habitats in the engineering area, establishing a habitat model and determining potential key habitat areas by using the habitat model; s3: analyzing the direct and indirect risks of the power grid engineering on the species, and estimating the collision probability of the flying animal and the power grid structure by using collision risk simulation; s4: and according to the risk analysis result, making a protective measure, and designing and planning an ecological channel for guaranteeing the migration and connectivity of animals and plants. The method and the system comprehensively analyze the influence of the power grid engineering on the biodiversity from different angles, and can more comprehensively evaluate the potential threat and risk.

Description

An analysis method for the impact of power grid engineering on biodiversity

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for analyzing the impact of power grid engineering on biodiversity, and belongs to the technical field of electric power construction.

Background technique

Biodiversity refers to the diversity of all life forms on the earth, including species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It is a key component of various ecosystems on the earth and is closely related to all life on the earth. Survival and reproduction are closely related. Biodiversity maintains the health and stability of various ecosystems. The interactions between different species, the construction of food chains, and the interaction between species and the environment all play an important role in the function and stability of ecosystems. At the same time, biodiversity Nature provides many ecosystem services, such as water source protection, climate regulation, soil conservation, and natural disaster prevention. These ecosystem services are crucial to the sustainable development and well-being of human society.

Ecological protection factors need to be comprehensively considered during power grid construction and maintenance. Grid projects involve land use and infrastructure construction, often with potential impacts on the surrounding natural environment and biodiversity. However, current assessments of biodiversity cannot fully understand and cope with complex ecosystems and species interactions, and cannot comprehensively Improvements are urgently needed to assess potential threats and risks to biodiversity during power grid construction and maintenance.

A GIS-based method for identifying the habitat suitability of endangered wild animals disclosed in the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN103413017A includes the following steps: first determine the endangered wild animals that need to be studied in the nature reserve, and investigate the natural and Human conditions and living habits of endangered wild animals, and then carry out field data collection and spatial data collection to select natural factors and human factors that have a strong impact on endangered wild animals. There is no need to obtain the activities and occurrence areas of endangered wild animals in advance to establish GIS-based ecological niche model quantifies habitat suitability and divides it into high, medium and low suitability habitats and unsuitable areas.

The above reference examples do not take into account the impact of power grid projects on the ecological environment and species diversity, and there is no way to provide remedial measures for the impact of power grid projects on the ecology. Therefore, improvements are urgently needed.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing assessment of biodiversity that is ineffective and that potential threats and risks are easily overlooked, the present invention designs an analysis method for the impact of power grid projects on biodiversity, which comprehensively analyzes power grid projects from different angles. Impacts on biodiversity enable a more comprehensive assessment of potential threats and risks.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for analyzing the impact of power grid projects on biodiversity, including the following steps:

S1: Use GIS technology and remote sensing data to determine the scope of the power grid project's engineering area, and determine through ground surveys a list of plants and animals affected by the power grid project, including known and potentially affected species, as well as species distribution information;

S2: Use GIS technology and remote sensing data to analyze the habitat type and quality within the project area, establish a habitat model, and use the habitat model to determine potential critical habitat areas;

S3: Analyze the direct and indirect risks of power grid projects to species, including habitat loss, collision risk and isolation effects, and use collision risk simulation to estimate the probability of collision between flying animals and power grid structures;

S4: Based on the risk analysis results, formulate protection measures, and use GIS technology and ecological models to design and plan ecological corridors to ensure the migration and connectivity of animals and plants.

Further, the step S1 specifically includes:

S11: Project area definition, including:

S11a: Use geographic information systems to load relevant geospatial data;

S11b: Determine the boundaries and scope of the power grid project, and perform spatial queries to identify the involved areas;

S11c: Based on remote sensing data, calculate the area A of the project area through the area calculation formula. The area calculation formula is specifically:

Among them, A is the total area of the project area, i is the vertex index of the polygon, (x _i , y _i ) represents the vertex coordinates of the polygon;

S12: Establish a species list, including:

S12a: Operators conduct field surveys to collect data on animal and plant species existing in the project area, including species names, quantities, distribution and habitat preference information;

S12b: Combine field survey data and existing biodiversity database to establish species lists of plants and animals respectively;

S12c: Record the distribution range of each species and use GIS tools to create a distribution map of the species;

S13d: Calculate the distribution range area of each species through the species distribution formula. The species distribution formula is specifically:

Among them, _species A is the distribution range area of each species, i is the vertex index of the polygon, and (x _i , y _i ) represents the vertex coordinates of the polygon.

Further, the step S2 specifically includes:

S21: Analysis of habitat type and quality, including:

S21a: Use remote sensing data to obtain high-resolution land cover data;

S21b: Use GIS software to load and process remote sensing data to generate a habitat type layer within the project area;

S21c: Quality assessment of each habitat type to be used to calculate ecological indicators of area, connectivity and fragmentation for each habitat type;

S22: Habitat model and habitat mapping, including:

S22a: Based on the species list in step S12b and the habitat type layer in step S21b, establish a habitat model and use the habitat model to predict the habitat distribution of different species in the project area;

Among them, the habitat model includes the species distribution model, and the species distribution model is calculated in the following form:

Among them, P (species existence) is the probability of species existence, β ₀ , β ₁ , β ₂ are model parameters, and habitat type and other environmental factors are characteristic variables;

S22b: Use the output of the habitat model to create a map of potential habitat distribution and identify habitats and migration pathways that may be particularly sensitive.

Further, the step S3 specifically includes:

S31: Risk analysis, including:

Analyze the direct and indirect risks of grid projects to species;

S32: Collision risk assessment, including:

For flying animals, use collision risk simulation to estimate the probability of collision between flying animals and grid structures;

Among them, the collision risk simulation is estimated through the collision risk formula, and the collision risk formula is specifically:

P (collision) = collision frequency × collision fatality rate;

Among them, P (collision) is the probability of collision, the collision frequency is the intersection frequency of the animal's flight path and the power grid, and the collision mortality rate is the probability of animal death after collision;

Among them, collision frequency is estimated by monitoring the behavior, migration path and flight height data of flying animals; collision mortality is estimated based on past research and field observations;

S33: Ecological model analysis, including:

S33a: Use ecological models to analyze the impact of power grid projects on species habitats;

S33b: Estimate the impact of power grid projects on the survival and reproduction of species.

Further, the step S4 specifically includes:

S41: Develop protective measures, including;

S41a: Based on the risk analysis results, formulate protection measures to reduce the adverse impact of power grid projects on animal and plant diversity;

Among them, protection measures include habitat restoration, establishment of protected areas, vegetation protection, electromagnetic radiation and sound and light pollution control;

S41b: Use ecological models to evaluate the potential effects of different measures;

S42: Ecological corridor planning, including:

S42a: Use GIS technology and ecological models to design and plan ecological corridors to ensure the migration and connectivity of animals and plants;

S42b: Identify the best locations for ecological corridors based on species’ habitat needs and migration patterns;

S42c: The ecological corridor planning tool generates the best path to ensure that animals and plants can safely cross the power grid engineering area based on ecological principles and geographical data.

Further, in step S31, the direct risk includes habitat loss and habitat change of the species, and the indirect risk includes the isolation effect of the species.

Further, in step S32, the estimation of collision mortality needs to consider the physiological characteristics of the animal and the properties of the power grid structure.

Further, in step S33b, the species' habitat requirements, habitat quality, habitat change and fragmentation factors need to be considered.

Further, in step S42c, the design of the ecological channel needs to consider species-specific needs.

Further, in step S42c, the width and design of the ecological channel are adjusted according to the size of individual species, population size and migration characteristics.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:

1. In the present invention, through the setting of GIS technology, remote sensing data, ecological models, risk models, etc., the impact of power grid projects on biodiversity can be comprehensively analyzed from different angles. It is highly comprehensive and can thus evaluate the power grid more comprehensively. The potential threats and risks of the project to biodiversity can provide timely early warning to power grid project construction personnel, which is conducive to the protection of biodiversity.

2. In the present invention, through quantitative analysis steps, such as risk analysis and collision risk assessment, specific numbers and data can be provided to measure the impact of power grid projects on biodiversity, thereby helping decision-makers to more accurately understand potential risks and impact levels; at the same time, ecological models are used to predict the habitat needs and distribution of plants and animals, and risk models are used to assess collision risks. These models can provide reasonable predictions and simulation results, further improving the accuracy of judgment. Minimize impact on species.

3. In the present invention, by setting up the planning of ecological passages, the migration and connectivity of animals and plants can be ensured, which helps to maintain ecological balance, and can effectively reduce the risk of collision while protecting the diversity of species; at the same time, it is also considered It addresses the needs of different species, such as the flight height and path selection of flying animals, as well as the requirements of individual species and populations for the width of ecological corridors, thereby making planning more personalized, adapting to the specific needs of different species, and helping to protect biological diversity. sex.

4. The present invention provides a scientifically based, comprehensive and operable analysis framework for assessing and managing the impact of power grid projects on plant biodiversity, which can comprehensively understand and respond to complex ecosystems and Species interaction, protecting the ecological environment, and protecting species diversity.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples.

Embodiment 1

As shown in Figure 1, an analysis method for the impact of power grid projects on biodiversity includes the following steps:

S1: Use GIS technology and remote sensing data to determine the scope of the power grid project's engineering area, and determine through ground surveys a list of plants and animals affected by the power grid project, including known and potentially affected species, as well as species distribution information;

In this embodiment, step S1 aims to determine the project area scope of the power grid project and establish a list of involved animal and plant species, which provides information about which species and habitats are potentially threatened;

Step S1 specifically includes defining the project area and establishing a species list, specifically:

S11: Project area definition, including:

S11a: Use geographic information system (GIS) to load relevant geospatial data, such as satellite images, digital maps, land use data, physical geography including DEM, slope, water body, geology, soil, highway, river water body and other layers Element data, etc.;

S11b: Determine the boundaries and scope of the power grid project and identify the involved areas by drawing polygons or performing spatial queries using GIS analysis tools;

S11c: Based on remote sensing data, calculate the area A of the project area (in square meters or square kilometers) through the area calculation formula. The area calculation formula is specifically:

Among them, A is the total area of the project area, i is the vertex index of the polygon, (x _i , y _i ) represents the vertex coordinates of the polygon;

S12: Establish a species list, including:

S12a: Operators conduct field surveys to collect data on animal and plant species existing in the project area, including species names, quantities, distribution and habitat preference information;

S12b: Combine field survey data and existing biodiversity database to establish species lists of plants and animals respectively;

S12c: Record the distribution range of each species and use GIS tools to create a distribution map of the species. This can be achieved by drawing points, lines or polygons in GIS;

S13d: Calculate the distribution range area of each species (in square meters or square kilometers) through the species distribution formula. The species distribution formula is specifically:

Among them, _species A is the distribution range area of each species, i is the vertex index of the polygon, and ( _xi ,y _i ) represents the vertex coordinates of the polygon.

Through step S1, the project area scope of the power grid project can be clarified, and a database including a list of plant and animal species can be established, including the distribution information of each species, thereby providing basic data for subsequent analysis.

S2: Use GIS technology and remote sensing data to analyze the habitat type and quality within the project area, establish a habitat model, and use the habitat model to identify potential critical habitat areas, such as particularly sensitive species habitats and migration pathways;

In this embodiment, step S2 focuses on analyzing the habitat type and quality within the power grid project area, and identifying potential critical habitat areas. The information in step S2 is the basis for assessing the risks and impacts of the power grid project on animal and plant diversity;

Step S2 specifically includes habitat type and quality analysis, habitat model and habitat mapping, specifically:

S21: Analysis of habitat type and quality, including:

S21a: Use remote sensing data to obtain high-resolution land cover data, such as land use data, land cover data or vegetation index data;

S21b: Use GIS software to load and process remote sensing data to generate a habitat type layer within the project area. This can be achieved by classifying and reclassifying remote sensing images, where each category represents a different habitat type, such as forest, wetland, grassland, etc.;

S21c: Quality assessment of each habitat type to be used to calculate ecological indicators of area, connectivity and fragmentation for each habitat type;

S22: Habitat model and habitat mapping, including:

S22a: Based on the species list in step S12b and the habitat type layer in step S21b, establish a habitat model and use the habitat model to predict the habitat distribution of different species in the project area;

Among them, the habitat model includes the species distribution model, and the species distribution model is calculated in the following form:

Among them, P (species existence) is the probability of species existence, β ₀ , β ₁ , β ₂ are model parameters, and habitat type and other environmental factors are characteristic variables;

S22b: Use the output of the habitat model to create a map of potential habitat distribution and identify habitats and migration pathways that may be particularly sensitive;

Through step S2, information on the type and quality of habitats within the project area, as well as mapping of potential habitats, can be obtained; the information in step S2 is crucial for assessing the impact of grid projects on plant and animal diversity, as they can help identify key Habitats and migration routes, thereby guiding subsequent conservation measures and ecological risk assessment.

S3: Analyze the direct and indirect risks of power grid projects to species, including habitat loss, collision risk and isolation effects, and use collision risk simulation to estimate the probability of collision between flying animals and power grid structures;

In this embodiment, step S3 quantifies the direct and indirect risks of the power grid project to species through risk analysis and collision risk assessment, and takes into account the project area and species information obtained in steps 1 and 2, especially the habitat quality and Habitat type;

Step S3 specifically includes risk analysis, collision risk assessment and ecological model analysis, specifically:

S31: Risk analysis, including:

Analyze the direct and indirect risks of grid projects to species;

S32: Collision risk assessment, including:

For flying animals, such as birds or bats, use collision risk simulation to estimate the probability of collision between flying animals and power grid structures;

Among them, the collision risk simulation is estimated through the collision risk formula, which is specifically:

P (collision) = collision frequency × collision fatality rate;

Among them, P (collision) is the probability of collision, the collision frequency is the intersection frequency of the animal's flight path and the power grid, and the collision mortality rate is the probability of animal death after collision;

Among them, collision frequency is estimated by monitoring the behavior, migration path and flight height data of flying animals; collision mortality is estimated based on past research and field observations;

S33: Ecological model analysis, including:

S33a: Use ecological models to analyze the impact of power grid projects on species habitats;

S33b: Estimate the impact of power grid projects on the survival and reproduction of species;

Through step S3, it helps to formulate conservation measures and decisions to reduce adverse impacts while maintaining ecological balance.

S4: Based on the risk analysis results, formulate protection measures, and use GIS technology and ecological models to design and plan ecological corridors to ensure the migration and connectivity of animals and plants;

In this embodiment, step S4 is to formulate protective measures and plan ecological channels based on the output results of steps S1, step S2 and step S3 to reduce the adverse impact of power grid projects on animal and plant diversity. The measures of step S4 and the design of channels is based on the species inventory, habitat quality established in Steps 1 and 2, and collision risk and risk analysis in Step 3;

Step S4 specifically includes formulating protection measures and ecological channel planning, specifically:

S41: Develop protective measures, including;

S41a: Based on the risk analysis results, formulate protection measures to reduce the adverse impact of power grid projects on animal and plant diversity, specifically:

Identify threatened species and habitats: Based on a risk analysis, identify species and habitat types threatened by grid projects, which may include an assessment of habitat loss, collision risk, isolation effects, etc.;

Determine protection goals: clarify the priority goals of protection, that is, the species and habitat types that require protection measures. Protection goals can include endangered species, specific migration corridors, important breeding sites, etc.;

Develop specific measures: Based on the protection goals, formulate specific protection measures, such as habitat restoration, establishment of protected areas, reduction of collision risks, control of electromagnetic radiation and sound and light pollution, etc., to ensure that these measures can reduce potential threats in a targeted manner;

Among them, habitat restoration refers to: restoring or improving affected habitats within the power grid project area to provide better habitat quality, which may include replanting vegetation, wetland restoration, land restoration, etc.;

Reserve planning is established to: create protected areas to protect threatened species and habitats, which can include nature reserves, wildlife reserves, migration corridor reserves, etc.;

Vegetation protection means: taking measures to protect important vegetation, including banning logging, controlling land use changes, protecting native vegetation, etc.;

The control of electromagnetic radiation and sound and light pollution is: taking measures to reduce the electromagnetic radiation and sound and light pollution caused by power grid projects to protect the living and breeding environment of animals and plants;

S41b: Use ecological models to evaluate the potential effects of different measures;

Specifically, habitat models: Use habitat models to predict the restoration and improvement effects of conservation measures on habitats, which can be achieved by simulating species distribution before and after habitat change;

Population dynamics model: Use population dynamics models to evaluate the long-term impact of conservation measures on species populations, including considering factors such as reproduction, death, migration, etc., to estimate future trends in species populations;

Ecological network model: Use the ecological network model to analyze the overall impact of conservation measures on the ecosystem, including species interactions, food chains, and ecological balance;

Its assessment results can help determine which conservation measures are most effective and how they can be implemented within grid engineering areas, and can also provide decision-makers with important information to ensure that conservation measures are effective and minimize impacts on diverse flora and fauna. adverse effects of sex;

S42: Ecological corridor planning, including:

S42a: Use GIS technology and ecological models to design and plan ecological corridors to ensure the migration and connectivity of animals and plants;

First, use GIS software to load relevant geographical data, including topographic maps, habitat distribution, landform features, existing roads and power grid structures, etc.;

Then select an appropriate ecological model to understand the target species' habitat needs, migration patterns, and habitat selection;

S42b: Identify the best locations for ecological corridors based on species’ habitat needs and migration patterns;

Specifically, species habitat requirements are: Based on ecological models and existing species distribution data, understand the habitat requirements of target species, including habitat type, food sources and breeding locations;

Migration mode: analyze the migration mode of the target species, including migration season, path selection, stopping points, etc.;

Also, use ecological models and geographic data to assess existing connectivity within the grid project area and identify areas for improvement;

Then consider the habitat quality of different areas, including the availability of food resources, water sources, vegetation cover and other factors to determine the best location of the ecological corridor;

S42c: The ecological corridor planning tool generates the best path to ensure that animals and plants can safely cross the power grid engineering area based on ecological principles and geographical data;

Specifically, path planning is: using specialized ecological channel planning tools to generate the best path in the GIS environment based on ecological principles and species needs; ecological channel planning tools usually use geographical data and ecological principles to consider the best path. choose;

And carry out path optimization to optimize the planned ecological channel path to minimize interference and changes to the habitat.

As can be seen from the above description, the beneficial effect of the present invention is to comprehensively evaluate the impact of power grid engineering on the ecosystem through a series of data collection, analysis and simulation through the sequential advancement of the four steps of step S1, step S2, step S3 and step S4. and potential impacts on plant and animal diversity, and propose measures to minimize the impact of power grid projects while ensuring that animals and plants can survive and migrate safely within the project area. Each step is interrelated, and the results of each step affect Decision-making and planning for subsequent steps to protect the ecological environment and species diversity to the greatest extent.

Further, in step S31, direct risks include habitat loss of species (such as habitat destruction caused by power grid construction) and habitat changes (such as electromagnetic radiation, sound and light pollution), and indirect risks include isolation effects of species (such as damage caused by power grid construction). Habitat fragmentation leads to species isolation).

Further, in step S32, the estimation of the collision mortality rate needs to consider the physiological characteristics of the animal and the properties of the power grid structure.

Further, in step S33b, the species' habitat requirements, habitat quality, habitat change and fragmentation factors need to be considered.

As can be seen from the above description, consideration of the above indicators helps to understand the quality and integrity of the habitat.

Further, in step S42c, the design of the ecological channel needs to consider species-specific requirements, such as the flight height and path of birds and bats.

Further, in step S42c, the width and design of the ecological channel are adjusted according to the size of individual species, population size and migration characteristics;

Specifically, for large mammals and birds, wider passages may be required, while for smaller species, the passages can be relatively narrow;

At the same time, there is a need to ensure that the design of ecological pathways includes appropriate vegetation and cover to provide concealment and protection.

Working principle of this embodiment: Through the design of the present invention, the best ecological channel can be designed and planned to ensure that animals and plants can safely cross the power grid engineering area, maintain ecological connectivity, promote the flow of populations and gene exchange, and reduce collision risks and protecting species diversity;

At the same time, through the design of the present invention, specific protection measures can be formulated and ecological channels can be designed to reduce the adverse impact of power grid projects on animal and plant diversity, help maintain the integrity of the ecosystem, protect affected species, and Ensure they have adequate opportunities to survive and reproduce during and after the construction of power grid projects.

Embodiment 2

The difference from Embodiment 1 is that this embodiment also includes step S5: long-term monitoring and adjustment, specifically:

S51: Establish a long-term monitoring plan to track the impact of grid projects on species and habitats, collect data and record changes;

S52: Timely adjust protection measures and ecological channel design based on monitoring results to cope with new situations and challenges;

Also included is Step S6: Reporting and Policy Recommendations, specifically:

S61: Summarize the analysis results and write a detailed report, including a comprehensive assessment and recommendations on the impact of power grid projects on animal and plant diversity;

S62: Provide policy recommendations to ensure that grid projects minimize adverse impacts on plant biodiversity and comply with relevant regulations and environmental policies.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "inner", "outer", "upper", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention. and simplified description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, or it can be an internal connection between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An analysis method of the influence of power grid engineering on biodiversity is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: determining an engineering area range of the power grid engineering by using GIS technology and remote sensing data, and determining a species list of plants and animals influenced by the power grid engineering by ground investigation, wherein the species list comprises known and potential influenced species and distribution information of the species;

s2: analyzing the types and the qualities of habitats in the engineering area by using a GIS technology and remote sensing data, establishing a habitat model and determining potential key habitat areas by using the habitat model;

s3: analyzing the direct and indirect risks of the power grid engineering on the species, including habitat loss, collision risk and isolation effect, and estimating the collision probability of the flying animal and the power grid structure by using collision risk simulation;

s4: according to the risk analysis result, making protection measures, and designing and planning an ecological channel for guaranteeing the migration and connectivity of animals and plants by using a GIS technology and an ecological model.

2. The method for analyzing the influence of power grid engineering on biodiversity according to claim 1, wherein: the step S1 specifically includes:

s11: engineering area definition, specifically includes:

s11a: loading relevant geospatial data using a geographic information system;

s11b: determining the boundary and the range of the power grid engineering, and carrying out space inquiry to identify the related area;

s11c: based on remote sensing data, calculating the area A of the engineering area by an area calculation formula, wherein the area calculation formula specifically comprises the following steps:

where A is the total area of the engineering region, i is the vertex index of the polygon, (x) _i ,y _i ) Vertex coordinates representing a polygon;

s12: the species list is established, and specifically comprises the following steps:

s12a: the method comprises the steps that an operator performs field investigation to collect data about animal and plant species existing in an engineering area, wherein the data comprise names, quantity, distribution and habitat preference information of the species;

s12b: respectively establishing a species list of plants and animals by combining field investigation data and an existing biodiversity database;

s12c: recording the distribution range of each species, and creating a distribution map of the species by using a GIS tool;

s13d: calculating the distribution range area of each species through a species distribution formula, wherein the species distribution formula specifically comprises the following steps:

wherein A is _{Species of species} Is the area of the distribution range of each species, i is the vertex index of the polygon, (x) _i ,y _i ) Representing the vertex coordinates of the polygon.

3. The method for analyzing the influence of power grid engineering on biodiversity according to claim 2, wherein: the step S2 specifically includes:

s21: the habitat type and quality analysis specifically comprises the following steps:

s21a: acquiring high-resolution earth surface coverage data by using remote sensing data;

s21b: loading and processing remote sensing data by using GIS software to generate a habitat type layer in an engineering area;

s21c: performing quality assessment on each habitat type for calculating an area, connectivity and fragmentation degree ecology index of each habitat type;

s22: the habitat model and habitat map specifically comprises:

s22a: establishing a habitat model based on the species list in the step S12b and the habitat type map layer in the step S21b, and predicting habitat distribution of different species in the engineering area by using the habitat model;

wherein the habitat model comprises a species distribution model, the species distribution model is calculated in the following form:

wherein P (species present) is the probability of species present, β ₀ 、β ₁ 、β ₂ Is a model parameter, and the habitat type and other environmental factors are characteristic variables;

s22b: the output of the habitat model is used to create potential habitat profiles and identify habitats and migration channels that may be particularly sensitive.

4. A method of analyzing the impact of grid engineering on biodiversity according to claim 3, wherein: the step S3 specifically includes:

s31: risk analysis, specifically including:

analyzing the direct and indirect risks of the power grid engineering on the species;

s32: the collision risk assessment specifically comprises the following steps:

estimating collision probability of the flying animal with the power grid structure by using collision risk simulation aiming at the flying animal;

the collision risk simulation is estimated through a collision risk formula, wherein the collision risk formula specifically comprises the following steps:

p (collision) =collision frequency x collision mortality;

wherein P (collision) is the probability of collision, the collision frequency is the crossing frequency of the animal flight path and the power grid, and the collision death rate is the probability of death of the animal after collision;

wherein the collision frequency is estimated by monitoring behaviour, migration path and altitude data of the flying animal; collision mortality was estimated based on past studies and field observations;

s33: the ecological model analysis specifically comprises the following steps:

s33a: analyzing the influence of the power grid engineering on the habitat of the species by using an ecological model;

s33b: the impact of grid engineering on the survival and propagation of species is estimated.

5. The method for analyzing the influence of power grid engineering on biodiversity according to claim 4, wherein: the step S4 specifically includes:

s41: formulating protective measures, specifically comprising;

s41a: based on the risk analysis result, formulating a protection measure for reducing the adverse effect of the power grid engineering on animal and plant diversity;

the protective measures comprise habitat restoration, protective zone establishment, vegetation protection, electromagnetic radiation and acousto-optic pollution control;

s41b: using an ecological model to evaluate the potential effect of different measures;

s42: ecological channel planning specifically includes:

s42a: using GIS technology and ecological model to design and plan ecological channel for guaranteeing animal and plant migration and connectivity;

s42b: identifying an optimal position of the ecological channel based on habitat requirements and migration patterns of the species;

s42c: the ecological channel planning tool generates an optimal path for ensuring that animals and plants can safely pass through the power grid engineering area according to the ecological principle and the geographic data.

6. The method for analyzing the influence of power grid engineering on biodiversity according to claim 4, wherein: in the step S31, the direct risk includes habitat loss and habitat alteration of the species, and the indirect risk includes sequestering effects of the species.

7. The method for analyzing the influence of power grid engineering on biodiversity according to claim 4, wherein: in the step S32, the estimation of the collision mortality needs to consider the physiological characteristics of the animals and the properties of the grid structure.

8. The method for analyzing the influence of power grid engineering on biodiversity according to claim 4, wherein: in the step S33b, habitat requirements of the species, habitat quality, habitat change and fragmentation factors need to be considered.

9. The method for analyzing the influence of power grid engineering on biodiversity according to claim 5, wherein: in the step S42c, the design of the ecological channel needs to consider the specific requirements of the species.

10. The method for analyzing the influence of power grid engineering on biodiversity according to claim 5, wherein: in the step S42c, the width and design of the ecological channel are adjusted according to the size of the species individual, the population scale and the migration characteristics.