CN117473908B - Rock ice avalanche motion simulation method based on depth average quasi-multiphase model - Google Patents
Rock ice avalanche motion simulation method based on depth average quasi-multiphase model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fluid simulation, and relates to a rock ice avalanche motion simulation method based on a depth average quasi-multiphase model, which comprises the steps of establishing a coordinate system; constructing a depth average quasi-multiphase model of rock ice avalanche; obtaining model parameters; acquiring an initial value of a main variable; constructing a relation expression of the intermediate quantity and the main variable, and determining an intermediate parameter; and solving the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche according to the main variable, the model parameter and the intermediate parameter to obtain the main variable of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche of the next time step. According to the invention, the influence of factors such as liquid viscosity, particle size, solid-liquid adhesive force and the like on the ice rock collapse movement is successfully analyzed through the depth average quasi-multiphase model, and the time-space evolution process of the ice rock collapse flow depth, flow speed, volume fraction of each phase and heat energy in the ice rock collapse movement process can be accurately described.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fluid simulation, and particularly relates to a rock ice avalanche motion simulation method based on a depth average quasi-multiphase model.
Background
Rock ice avalanche events occurring in alpine mountainous areas are greatly increased due to global warming, and this type of avalanche has ice as a main component, shows high fluidity, and constitutes a serious risk for human life.
Researchers have studied the mechanism of the high mobility of ice snow of rock, including laboratory test and field investigation, the research result shows that ice and melt water are the main factor that influences the ice snow and collapse mobility of rock, the whole coefficient of friction of ice snow of rock is reduced along with the increase of ice content, friction heat leads to melting of ice and increases pore water pressure, leads to the shearing resistance of ice snow and ice bottom to reduce, and the melting of ice can lead to ice snow and ice to collapse and directly convert into mud-rock flow. The ice effect mainly relates to the change of flow density caused by the existence of ice and the change of friction coefficients of the inner part and the bottom, and the ice melting effect mainly relates to the change of flow density and pore water pressure caused by the existence of melting water.
Researchers have developed various numerical models to provide quantitative descriptions of the complex nature of rock ice and snow collapse, and many models focus on solving the problem of rock, ice and liquid component ratio variation in rock ice avalanches, but existing models cannot accurately simulate the dynamics of rock ice avalanches due to the existence of ice effects, ice and snow melting effects and temperature evolution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a rock ice avalanche motion simulation method based on a depth-averaged quasi-multiphase model, which comprises the following steps:
setting an x-axis as a downward sliding direction of the ice and snow collapse along the slope, setting a y-axis as a lateral sliding direction of the ice and snow collapse along the slope, and setting a z-axis as a direction vertical to the ice and snow collapse movement slope;
Constructing a depth average quasi-multiphase model of rock ice avalanche to simulate the movement process of the rock ice avalanche; the movement process of rock ice avalanche is the conversion process of ice rock avalanche from single-phase flow to multi-phase flow; the depth average quasi-multi-phase model mode of the rock ice avalanche comprises a mass conservation equation of the rock ice avalanche, a momentum conservation equation of the rock ice avalanche, a mass conservation equation of an ice phase and a fluid phase and an energy conservation equation of an ice melting process of the rock ice avalanche;
Obtaining model parameters of a depth average quasi-multiphase model of rock ice avalanche, wherein the model parameters comprise a lateral soil pressure coefficient component along a coordinate axis x direction, a lateral soil pressure coefficient component along a coordinate axis y direction, a gravity acceleration component along the coordinate axis x direction, a gravity acceleration component along the coordinate axis y direction, a gravity acceleration component along a coordinate axis z direction, a phase density, an external environment temperature, a ground interface temperature, a viscosity of a pore fluid phase, a vertical pressure, a shearing rate, a phase particle diameter, a critical value under zero shearing rate, a limit value of an inertia value, a material constant, an atmospheric heat transfer coefficient, a fractional area of a bare heat source, a phase heat conductivity and a temperature profile parameter;
Acquiring an initial value of a main variable of a depth average quasi-multiphase model of rock ice avalanche; the main variables comprise ice avalanche flow depth, velocity component of ice rock collapse along x direction, velocity component of ice rock collapse along y direction, ice and snow collapse internal temperature and phase volume fraction;
Constructing a relational expression of intermediate quantity and main variable of a depth average quasi-multi-phase model of rock ice avalanche, and determining intermediate parameters of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of rock ice avalanche; the intermediate parameters include a bottom friction force component in the x-direction, a bottom friction force component in the y-direction, an ice melting rate, a heat transfer coefficient, heat loss, heat generation, a bottom friction coefficient, a saturation parameter, and a specific heat of the mixture;
According to the main variable, model parameters and intermediate parameters of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche, solving the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche to obtain the main variable of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche of the next time step;
and calculating a time step value according to the main variable of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche, and calculating the main variable of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche of the next time step.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Further, the depth is set asThe velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the x-direction is/>The velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the y direction is/>The mass conservation equation for rock ice avalanche is:
；
Is provided with For time,/>For the velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the x direction, v is the velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the y direction, and the lateral soil pressure coefficient is/>The component of the gravity acceleration along the x direction of the coordinate axis is/>The component of the gravity acceleration along the x direction of the coordinate axis is/>，/>The gravity acceleration is a component along the z direction of the coordinate axis, and the elevation of the bottom slope surface of the ice rock collapse sliding is/>，/>For the bottom friction component in the x-direction, the ice rock collapse density is/>The momentum conservation equation for rock ice avalanche is:
；
；
Let the phase volume fraction of ice particles be Ice melting rate is/>The mass conservation equation for the ice phase is:
；
the volume fraction of the liquid phase in the ice rock is set as The mass conservation equation for the fluid phase is:
；
Let the flow temperature be The external ambient temperature is/>Ground interface temperature is/>The convective terms of ice rock collapse and atmospheric heat are/>The thermal convection term of ice rock collapse and ground is/>The heat transfer coefficient of the ice rock collapse internal heat diffusion term is/>Heat loss is/>The heat source term generated by friction is/>The energy conservation equation of the ice melting process of the rock ice avalanche is;
。
Further, the ice rock collapse density is set as The volume fraction of the ice rock collapse phase is/>The ice rock collapse phase density is/>，。
Further, the relational expression of the intermediate quantity and the main variable of the depth average quasi-multiphase model of the rock ice avalanche comprises an expression of the influence of solid phase coulomb friction and fluid phase viscosity shear on bottom friction force, an expression of bottom friction coefficient and bottom friction coefficientAn expression of heat transfer parameters occurring in the convection term, an expression of heat transfer coefficients, and an expression of heat loss terms.
Further, the bottom friction is affected by solid phase coulomb friction and fluid phase viscosity shear, provided thatFor the bottom friction force to be a component in the x-direction,/>For the bottom friction force to be a component in the y-direction,/>Is the density of fluid phase,/>For/>Is a saturation parameter,/>Is porosity/>Viscosity of pore fluid phase,/>For the velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the x direction, v is the velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the y direction, mu is the sliding friction coefficient of the ice rock collapse,/>For the volume fraction of liquid phase inside the ice rock collapse, the bottom friction is affected by solid phase coulomb friction and fluid phase viscous shear expressed as:
。
further, mu is the sliding friction coefficient of the ice rock collapse, For the volume fraction of each phase in the ice rock collapse,/>For the friction coefficient of each phase in the ice rock collapse, subscript/>Representing each phase, ice phase k=i, water phase k=f, and rock phase k=r, the expression of the bottom friction coefficient is:
。
Further, it is provided with Dynamic friction coefficient of each phase of ice rock collapse movement,/>Is critical value at zero shear rate,/>Is the limit value of the inertia value,/>Is a material constant,/>Non-dimensional inertial number, bottom coefficient of friction:
。
further, let the atmospheric heat transfer coefficient be Fractional area of bare heat source is/>Specific heat of the mixture is/>，The volume fraction of each phase of material in the ice rock collapse is/>The relative heat is/>The ice rock collapse density is/>The parameters of ice rock collapse and ground heat convection are/>The parameters of ice rock collapse and air heat convection are/>The internal thermal diffusion parameter of the ice rock collapse is/>，/>Is a temperature profile parameter,/>Is the heat conductivity,/>The heat loss term is/>, which is the latent heat of phase change of ice，/>For the density of ice, then:
parameters of ice rock collapse and ground heat convection ；
Rock burst and air thermal convection parameters；
Parameters of thermal diffusion inside ice rock collapse；
The heat loss term is:
；
let the heat generated by the friction inside the ice rock collapse be The morphological coefficient of the vertical velocity of the rock ice collapse is/>The friction force at the bottom of the ice rock collapse is/>The ice rock collapse movement speed is/>Then:
。
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the influence of factors such as liquid viscosity, particle size, solid-liquid adhesive force and the like on the ice rock collapse movement is successfully analyzed through the depth average quasi-multiphase model, and the time-space evolution process of the ice rock collapse flow depth, flow speed, volume fraction of each phase and heat energy in the ice rock collapse movement process can be accurately described.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rock ice avalanche motion simulation method based on a depth-averaged quasi-multiphase model provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a simulation result of the ice rock collapse process according to the embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 (a) is a comparison between the movement speed of the simulated rock burst front and the measured data; fig. 2 (b) is a comparison between the simulated movement distance and the measured data;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of ice rock collapse movement in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the change of the flow depth at the monitoring point, the change of the ice phase volume fraction at the monitoring point, fig. 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of the change of the flow depth at the monitoring point, fig. 4 (b) is a schematic diagram of the change of the ice phase volume fraction at the monitoring point, and fig. 4 (c) is a schematic diagram of the change of the temperature at the monitoring point in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
As an embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, to solve the above technical problem, the present embodiment provides a rock ice avalanche motion simulation method based on a depth-averaged quasi-multiphase model, including:
setting an x-axis as a downward sliding direction of the ice and snow collapse along the slope, setting a y-axis as a lateral sliding direction of the ice and snow collapse along the slope, and setting a z-axis as a direction vertical to the ice and snow collapse movement slope;
Constructing a depth average quasi-multiphase model of rock ice avalanche to simulate the movement process of the rock ice avalanche; the movement process of rock ice avalanche is the conversion process of ice rock avalanche from single-phase flow to multi-phase flow; the depth average quasi-multi-phase model mode of the rock ice avalanche comprises a mass conservation equation of the rock ice avalanche, a momentum conservation equation of the rock ice avalanche, a mass conservation equation of an ice phase and a fluid phase and an energy conservation equation of an ice melting process of the rock ice avalanche;
Obtaining model parameters of a depth average quasi-multiphase model of rock ice avalanche, wherein the model parameters comprise a lateral soil pressure coefficient component along a coordinate axis x direction, a lateral soil pressure coefficient component along a coordinate axis y direction, a gravity acceleration component along the coordinate axis x direction, a gravity acceleration component along the coordinate axis y direction, a gravity acceleration component along a coordinate axis z direction, a phase density, an external environment temperature, a ground interface temperature, a viscosity of a pore fluid phase, a vertical pressure, a shearing rate, a phase particle diameter, a critical value under zero shearing rate, a limit value of an inertia value, a material constant, an atmospheric heat transfer coefficient, a fractional area of a bare heat source, a phase heat conductivity and a temperature profile parameter;
Acquiring an initial value of a main variable of a depth average quasi-multiphase model of rock ice avalanche; the main variables comprise ice avalanche flow depth, velocity component of ice rock collapse along x direction, velocity component of ice rock collapse along y direction, ice and snow collapse internal temperature and phase volume fraction;
Constructing a relational expression of intermediate quantity and main variable of a depth average quasi-multi-phase model of rock ice avalanche, and determining intermediate parameters of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of rock ice avalanche; the intermediate parameters include a bottom friction force component in the x-direction, a bottom friction force component in the y-direction, an ice melting rate, a heat transfer coefficient, heat loss, heat generation, a bottom friction coefficient, a saturation parameter, and a specific heat of the mixture;
According to the main variable, model parameters and intermediate parameters of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche, solving the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche to obtain the main variable of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche of the next time step;
and calculating a time step value according to the main variable of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche, and calculating the main variable of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche of the next time step.
Optionally, set the depth asThe velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the x-direction is/>The velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the y direction is/>The mass conservation equation for rock ice avalanche is:
；
Is provided with For time,/>For the velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the x direction, v is the velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the y direction, and the lateral soil pressure coefficient is/>The component of the gravity acceleration along the x direction of the coordinate axis is/>The component of the gravity acceleration along the x direction of the coordinate axis is/>，/>The gravity acceleration is a component along the z direction of the coordinate axis, and the elevation of the bottom slope surface of the ice rock collapse sliding is/>，/>For the bottom friction component in the x-direction, the ice rock collapse density is/>The momentum conservation equation for rock ice avalanche is:
；
；
Let the phase volume fraction of ice particles be Ice melting rate is/>The mass conservation equation for the ice phase is:
；
the volume fraction of the liquid phase in the ice rock is set as The mass conservation equation for the fluid phase is:
；
Let the flow temperature be The external ambient temperature is/>Ground interface temperature is/>The convective terms of ice rock collapse and atmospheric heat are/>The thermal convection term of ice rock collapse and ground is/>The heat transfer coefficient of the ice rock collapse internal heat diffusion term is/>Heat loss is/>The heat source term generated by friction is/>The energy conservation equation of the ice melting process of the rock ice avalanche is;
。
The ice melting phenomenon during the ice rock collapse movement is remarkable and highly dependent on temperature, so the above energy conservation equation is proposed to calculate the temperature. The first to third terms on the right side of the equation correspond to thermal advection, thermal convection, and thermal conduction, respectively, the fourth term considers the heat released by ice melting, and the fifth term describes the heat generated by friction in each phase. The above equation fully describes the internal temperature change of the ice rock collapse during movement.
Optionally, the ice rock collapse density is set asThe volume fraction of the ice rock collapse phase is/>The ice rock collapse phase density is/>，。
Optionally, the relational expression of the intermediate quantity and the main variable of the depth-averaged quasi-multi-phase model of rock ice avalanche includes an expression of bottom friction force affected by solid phase coulomb friction and fluid phase viscous shear, an expression of bottom friction coefficient, an expression of heat transfer parameter appearing in a convection term, an expression of heat transfer coefficient, and an expression of heat loss term.
Alternatively, the bottom friction is affected by solid phase coulomb friction and fluid phase viscous shear, provided thatFor the bottom friction force to be a component in the x-direction,/>For the bottom friction force to be a component in the y-direction,/>Is the density of fluid phase,/>For/>Is a saturation parameter,/>Is porosity/>Viscosity of pore fluid phase,/>For the velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the x direction, v is the velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the y direction, mu is the sliding friction coefficient of the ice rock collapse,/>For the volume fraction of liquid phase inside the ice rock collapse, the bottom friction is affected by solid phase coulomb friction and fluid phase viscous shear expressed as:
。
And the influence effect of the pore water pressure on the stress distribution of substances in the ice rock collapse is quantified through a saturation parameter, and the influence effect of the ice rock collapse movement state on the friction coefficient change is quantified by applying a dynamic friction resistance formula.
Alternatively, mu is set as the sliding friction coefficient of the ice rock collapse,For the volume fraction of each phase in the ice rock collapse,/>For the friction coefficient of each phase in the ice rock collapse, subscript/>Representing each phase, ice phase k=i, water phase k=f, and rock phase k=r, the expression of the bottom friction coefficient is:
。
Alternatively, provide Dynamic friction coefficient of each phase of ice rock collapse movement,/>Is critical value at zero shear rate,/>Is the limit value of the inertia value,/>Is a material constant,/>Non-dimensional inertial number, bottom coefficient of friction:
。
Alternatively, the atmospheric heat transfer coefficient is set as Fractional area of bare heat source is/>Specific heat of the mixture is/>，The volume fraction of each phase of material in the ice rock collapse is/>The relative heat is/>The ice rock collapse density is/>The parameters of ice rock collapse and ground heat convection are/>The parameters of ice rock collapse and air heat convection are/>The internal thermal diffusion parameter of the ice rock collapse is/>，/>Is a temperature profile parameter,/>Is the heat conductivity,/>The heat loss term is/>, which is the latent heat of phase change of ice，/>For the density of ice, then:
parameters of ice rock collapse and ground heat convection ；
Rock burst and air thermal convection parameters；
Parameters of thermal diffusion inside ice rock collapse；
The heat loss term is:
；
let the heat generated by the friction inside the ice rock collapse be The morphological coefficient of the vertical velocity of the rock ice collapse is/>The friction force at the bottom of the ice rock collapse is/>The ice rock collapse movement speed is/>Then:
。
in order to evaluate the performance of the model for accurately capturing the characteristics of the ice rock collapse movement, a water tank experiment simulation is carried out. The water tank consists of three parts: the upper inclined channel is 1.5m long, 0.3m wide and 45 degrees in gradient; the middle horizontal channel is 1.5m long and 0.3m wide, the lower horizontal square channel is 2m long. A vertical gate was placed on top of the inclined channel to facilitate the controlled release of a mass of 3kg of ice rock burst of 10mm diameter. For rock, the friction coefficients were set to μr1=0.15 and μr2=0.36, and for ice, the coefficients were set to μi1=0.1 and μi2=0.19. The initial temperature of the ice rock collapse is-15 ℃, and the air temperature is about-1 to-8 ℃. The values of the various simulation parameters are shown in table 1.
Table 1 basin experimental simulation parameters
Figure 2 shows the simulation results of the ice rock collapse process. The abscissa in fig. 2 (a) is the moving distance of the front end of the ice rock burst, and the unit is: m, the ordinate is the moving speed of the front end of the ice rock collapse, and the unit is: m/s. In fig. 2, (b) is the ice content of the ice rock burst on the abscissa, and the moving distance of the front end of the ice rock burst on the ordinate, in units of: m. After the gate is removed, the released rock mixture rapidly descends along the inclined channel, a significant speed is rapidly obtained in a short time, once the mass reaches the horizontal channel, the mass suddenly decelerates under the influence of strong collision and increased basic friction resistance, and finally stops at the junction of the two horizontal channels along with the reduction of the speed of the moving mass, which is very consistent with the rock collapse movement speed and measurement data shown in (a) of fig. 2. Further, the flowability of the ice rock collapse was studied by simulating the ice collapse movement distance at a variation of 0% to 100% in ice content. The comparison between the simulation results and the measured data is shown in fig. 2 (b), which shows good agreement. The avalanche kick-out distance increases with ice content below 80%, which represents an effect of ice in enhancing its flowability. The measurement data shows that when the ice content exceeds 80%, the distance travelled by the iceberg mixture decreases. One possible reason for this result is that the interaction between rubble stone particles results in the production of small ice particles and molten water. As the ice content increases, the production of these particles and melt water decreases, resulting in a decrease in the mobility of the avalanche.
The method of drum experiment simulation is adopted to simulate the motion process of the ice rock collapse in the drum experiment so as to verify the effectiveness of capturing the transformation of the ice rock collapse from single-phase flow to multiphase flow by the proposed depth average quasi-multiphase model. The drum consists of two co-rotating smooth circular plates which act as side walls, separated by a small gap, and rotate at a constant angular velocity. To ensure that the entire mass slides along the rough outer wall of the gap, only a small volume of the gap is filled with material. Neglecting the influence of the side walls on the flow, we were able to treat the ice rock collapse flow as shallow laminar flow and model it using depth-averaging theory. The drum used in the experiment had a radius of 2 meters and a width of 0.8 meters and rotated counterclockwise at an angular velocity of 2.09 m/s. The total volume of the materials in the roller is 0.4624m 3, the maximum depth is 0.332m, and the initial temperature of the materials is-1 ℃. Monitoring points are set on the central line (z=0.5m) of the rotary drum, and the changes of variables such as flow thickness, temperature and the like are recorded. It is speculated that ice melts when the temperature exceeds zero. The values of the various parameters used in the simulation are shown in table 2.
Table 2 values of various parameters used in the simulation of the drum test
As shown in fig. 3, once the drum starts to rotate, the rock mixture at the edge of the initial profile is deformed under the influence of the basic friction shear (t=0.4 s) while moving in the rotation direction of the drum. When the front of the mass reaches a certain height, it spreads, due to gravity, in the opposite direction of rotation of the drum until reaching a steady state (t=85 s). At the same time, the temperature of the substance increases due to friction heating and heat transfer from the surrounding environment. When a portion of the mass reaches a temperature of zero degrees, ice melting occurs and water fills the particle pores. This results in a reduction of the frictional resistance and breaks a steady downward movement of the mass at t=1660s and 2810 s. Once the ice content is depleted, the mass resumes a stable profile (t=4000 s). The simulation result is compared with experimental measurement data through a simulation water tank and a rotary drum experiment, so that the model simulation accuracy is higher.
In addition, fig. 4 shows the change in flow depth, ice phase volume fraction and temperature at the monitoring point. Specifically, (a) in fig. 4 shows the change in flow depth at the monitoring point, and the horizontal axis is time in units: s, the vertical axis is depth, unit: m; fig. 4 (b) shows the change in volume fraction of ice phase at the monitoring point, with time on the horizontal axis, in units: s, the vertical axis is ice phase volume fraction; fig. 4 (c) shows the change in temperature at the monitoring point, with the horizontal axis being time in units: s, the vertical axis is temperature, unit: DEG C. Fig. 4 clearly depicts the transition of flow quality from unstable particle flow to stable multiphase flow. This transition can be divided into four different phases:
(1) After the drum rotates, the flow gradually reaches a steady state, resulting in an initial change in flow depth, followed by stabilization;
(2) The flow quality remains stable, but the temperature cannot be raised above the freezing point due to insufficient heat generated by friction heating and external heat transfer, so ice melting is not observed;
(3) When the in-flow temperature reaches zero, the excess heat causes the ice to melt, resulting in a gradual downward movement of the fluid due to the imbalance between gravity and frictional resistance of the substrate. It should be noted that the upper end of the mass in the drum has a higher velocity than the other mass, as shown by the velocity profile in fig. 3. This difference in velocity results in an increase in the formation of molten water at the upper end of the mass, reaching saturation earlier than the rest of the flow, at which stage the temperature remains unchanged at zero degrees;
(4) The volume fraction of the fluid phase reached 0.4, indicating that the void space was completely filled with melted water, resulting in a new steady state of flow mass. The temperature then continues to rise due to frictional heating and the temperature difference between the mass and its surroundings after melting of the ice particles. The numerical results successfully describe the transition of the ice rock collapse from single-phase flow to multiphase flow during movement, and the evolution of related variables such as water content and temperature.
According to the invention, the influence of factors such as liquid viscosity, particle size, solid-liquid adhesive force and the like on the ice rock collapse movement is successfully analyzed through the depth average quasi-multiphase model, and the time-space evolution process of the ice rock collapse flow depth, flow speed, volume fraction of each phase and heat energy in the ice rock collapse movement process can be accurately described.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection Fan Weizhi of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The rock ice avalanche motion simulation method based on the depth average quasi-multiphase model is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
establishing a coordinate system, wherein an x-axis is set as a downward sliding direction of ice and snow collapse along a slope, a y-axis is set as a lateral sliding direction of ice and snow collapse along the slope, and a z-axis is set as a direction vertical to the ice and snow collapse movement slope;
Constructing a depth average quasi-multiphase model of rock ice avalanche to simulate the movement process of the rock ice avalanche; the movement process of rock ice avalanche is the conversion process of ice rock avalanche from single-phase flow to multi-phase flow; the depth average quasi-multi-phase model mode of the rock ice avalanche comprises a mass conservation equation of the rock ice avalanche, a momentum conservation equation of the rock ice avalanche, a mass conservation equation of an ice phase and a fluid phase and an energy conservation equation of an ice melting process of the rock ice avalanche;
Obtaining model parameters of a depth average quasi-multiphase model of rock ice avalanche, wherein the model parameters comprise a lateral soil pressure coefficient component along a coordinate axis x direction, a lateral soil pressure coefficient component along a coordinate axis y direction, a gravity acceleration component along the coordinate axis x direction, a gravity acceleration component along the coordinate axis y direction, a gravity acceleration component along a coordinate axis z direction, a phase density, an external environment temperature, a ground interface temperature, a viscosity of a pore fluid phase, a vertical pressure, a shearing rate, a phase particle diameter, a critical value under zero shearing rate, a limit value of an inertia value, a material constant, an atmospheric heat transfer coefficient, a fractional area of a bare heat source, a phase heat conductivity and a temperature profile parameter;
Acquiring an initial value of a main variable of a depth average quasi-multiphase model of rock ice avalanche; the main variables comprise ice avalanche flow depth, velocity component of ice rock collapse along x direction, velocity component of ice rock collapse along y direction, ice and snow collapse internal temperature and phase volume fraction;
Constructing a relational expression of intermediate quantity and main variable of a depth average quasi-multi-phase model of rock ice avalanche, and determining intermediate parameters of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of rock ice avalanche; the intermediate parameters include a bottom friction force component in the x-direction, a bottom friction force component in the y-direction, an ice melting rate, a heat transfer coefficient, heat loss, heat generation, a bottom friction coefficient, a saturation parameter, and a specific heat of the mixture;
According to the main variable, model parameters and intermediate parameters of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche, solving the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche to obtain the main variable of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche of the next time step;
and calculating a time step value according to the main variable of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche, and calculating the main variable of the depth average quasi-multi-phase model of the rock ice avalanche of the next time step.
2. The rock ice avalanche motion simulation method based on depth-averaged quasi-multiphase model according to claim 1, wherein the depth is set asThe velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the x-direction is/>The velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the y direction is/>The mass conservation equation for rock ice avalanche is:
；
Is provided with For time,/>For the velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the x direction, v is the velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the y direction, and the lateral soil pressure coefficient is/>The component of the gravity acceleration along the x direction of the coordinate axis is/>The component of the gravity acceleration along the x direction of the coordinate axis is/>，/>The gravity acceleration is a component along the z direction of the coordinate axis, and the elevation of the bottom slope surface of the ice rock collapse sliding is/>，/>For the bottom friction component in the x-direction, the ice rock collapse density is/>The momentum conservation equation for rock ice avalanche is:
；
；
Let the phase volume fraction of ice particles be Ice melting rate is/>The mass conservation equation for the ice phase is:
；
the volume fraction of the liquid phase in the ice rock is set as The mass conservation equation for the fluid phase is:
；
Let the flow temperature be The external ambient temperature is/>Ground interface temperature is/>The ice rock collapse and the atmospheric heat convection term areThe thermal convection term of ice rock collapse and ground is/>The heat transfer coefficient of the ice rock collapse internal heat diffusion term is/>The heat loss isThe heat source term generated by friction is/>The energy conservation equation of the ice melting process of the rock ice avalanche is;
。
3. The rock ice avalanche motion simulation method based on depth-averaged quasi-multiphase model according to claim 1, wherein the rock ice avalanche density is set as The volume fraction of the ice rock collapse phase is/>The ice rock collapse phase density is/>，。
4. The rock ice avalanche motion simulation method based on a depth-averaged quasi-multi-phase model according to claim 1, wherein the relational expression of the intermediate quantity of the rock ice avalanche and the main variable comprises an expression of bottom friction force affected by solid phase coulomb friction and fluid phase viscous shear, an expression of bottom friction coefficient, an expression of heat transfer parameter appearing in convection term, an expression of heat transfer coefficient and an expression of heat loss term.
5. The rock ice avalanche motion simulation method based on depth-averaged quasi-multiphase model according to claim 4, wherein bottom friction is affected by solid phase coulomb friction and fluid phase viscous shear, provided thatFor the bottom friction force to be a component in the x-direction,/>For the bottom friction force to be a component in the y-direction,/>Is ice rock collapse density,/>Is the density of fluid phase,/>Is thatIs a saturation parameter,/>Is porosity/>Viscosity of pore fluid phase,/>For the velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the x direction, v is the velocity component of the ice rock collapse along the y direction, mu is the sliding friction coefficient of the ice rock collapse,/>For the volume fraction of liquid phase inside the ice rock collapse, the bottom friction is affected by solid phase coulomb friction and fluid phase viscous shear expressed as:
。
6. The rock ice avalanche motion simulation method based on depth-averaged quasi-multiphase model according to claim 4, wherein μ is set as ice rock burst sliding friction coefficient, For the volume fraction of each phase in the ice rock collapse,/>For the friction coefficient of each phase in the ice rock collapse, subscript/>Representing each phase, ice phase k=i, water phase k=f, and rock phase k=r, the expression of the bottom friction coefficient is:
。
7. The rock ice avalanche motion simulation method based on the depth-averaged quasi-multiphase model according to claim 4, wherein the method is characterized in that Dynamic friction coefficient of each phase of ice rock collapse movement,/>Is critical value at zero shear rate,/>Is the limit value of the inertia value,/>Is a material constant,/>Non-dimensional inertial number, bottom coefficient of friction:
。
8. The rock ice avalanche motion simulation method based on depth-averaged quasi-multiphase model according to claim 4, wherein the atmospheric heat transfer coefficient is set as Fractional area of bare heat source is/>Specific heat of the mixture is/>，The volume fraction of each phase of material in the ice rock collapse is/>The relative heat is/>The ice rock collapse density is/>The parameters of ice rock collapse and ground heat convection are/>The parameters of ice rock collapse and air heat convection are/>The internal thermal diffusion parameter of the ice rock collapse is/>，/>Is a temperature profile parameter,/>Is the heat conductivity,/>The heat loss term is/>, which is the latent heat of phase change of ice，/>Is ice density, ice melting rate is/>Then:
parameters of ice rock collapse and ground heat convection ；
Rock burst and air thermal convection parameters；
Parameters of thermal diffusion inside ice rock collapse；
The heat loss term is:
；
let the heat generated by the friction inside the ice rock collapse be The morphological coefficient of the vertical velocity of the rock ice collapse is/>The friction force at the bottom of the ice rock collapse is/>The ice rock collapse movement speed is/>Then:
。
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