CN117471259B - Withstand voltage calculation method for power supply system - Google Patents
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 108010001267 Protein Subunits Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a voltage withstand calculation method of a power supply system, which belongs to the field of voltage withstand design of power supplies, and comprises the following steps: obtaining an insulation path of the power supply system and an insulation layer of a component unit in the insulation path according to the physical structure of the power supply system; obtaining an equivalent circuit of the power supply system according to the equivalent impedance of each component unit; the equivalent circuit is applied with test voltage to simulate, so as to obtain a leakage current value, and the evaluation of the power supply system is realized, so that the voltage resistance of the system is evaluated in the design stage, the risks of breakdown, arcing and the like of a zero part during the physical test of the later-stage power supply system are avoided, the safety of the voltage resistance test of the power supply system is improved, and the development period of the system is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of battery withstand voltage design, and particularly relates to a withstand voltage calculation method of a power supply system.
Background
The rated voltage of the current vehicle battery pack is 500-800VDC, the rated voltage of the energy storage system is 800VDC or 1500VDC, the withstand voltage is generally 2500-3820VDC, but the rated voltage in the special field can reach DC2-8KV; the voltage withstand requirement DC10-20KV, the existing vehicle and energy storage direct current power supply systems belong to the low voltage (less than or equal to DC 1500V), the rated voltage exceeding 1500V belongs to the high voltage category, and the voltage withstand problem is more prominent for the high voltage direct current power supply systems. When the voltage-resistant performance of the power supply system is detected, the power supply system is connected to actual detection equipment, and the power supply system is detected by applying a detection voltage. If the withstand voltage design of the power supply system is unreasonable, when a product is tested, the breakdown of a zero part occurs when the product is light, the arc discharge occurs when the product is scrapped, and the personal safety of a tester is affected.
The existing voltage withstand detection method for battery products has the problem of unsafe performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a voltage withstand calculation method of a power supply system, which aims to solve the technical problem that the voltage withstand detection method of a battery product in the prior art is unsafe.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the voltage withstand calculation method of the power supply system provided by the invention is as follows:
a voltage withstand calculation method of a power supply system, the method comprising the steps of: constructing an insulation path according to the physical structure of the power supply system, and constructing insulation layers of all the constituent units of the power supply system in the insulation path; determining the equivalent resistance and/or equivalent capacitance of each insulating layer of the component unit, determining the corresponding equivalent impedance according to the equivalent resistance and/or equivalent capacitance of each layer, connecting the equivalent impedance of each insulating layer in series to obtain the equivalent impedance of the component unit, and establishing an equivalent circuit according to the equivalent impedance of each component unit in the insulating path and the component unit; applying a test voltage in the equivalent circuit, obtaining a leakage current value corresponding to each component unit according to the ground voltage and the equivalent impedance of the component unit, and taking the sum of the leakage currents of the component units as a leakage current value of a power supply system; when the leakage current value of the power supply system is larger than a set threshold value, the withstand voltage of the power supply system is judged to be unqualified, and when the leakage current value of the power supply system is smaller than or equal to the set threshold value, the withstand voltage of the power supply system is judged to be qualified.
The beneficial effects are that: firstly, obtaining an insulation path of a power supply system and an insulation layer of a component unit in the insulation path according to a physical structure of the power supply system; obtaining the equivalent impedance of the power supply system, namely the equivalent impedance of the component unit according to the equivalent impedance of the insulating layer, and obtaining an equivalent circuit of the power supply system according to the equivalent impedance of each component power supply; and applying test voltage to the equivalent circuit to simulate so as to obtain a leakage current value, comparing the leakage current value with a set threshold value, and when the leakage current is larger than the threshold value, indicating that the voltage resistance of the power supply system is unqualified, otherwise, the voltage resistance is qualified. The built physical model provides data support for obtaining an equivalent circuit diagram, and the equivalent circuit is simulated to detect the voltage resistance of the power supply system, so that dangerous phenomena such as breakdown and arcing of zero parts possibly occurring when the power supply system is directly tested for leakage current are avoided, and the safety of voltage resistance detection of the power supply system is improved.
As a further improvement, the leakage current value of the power supply system includes a steady-state leakage current value and a transient leakage current value.
As a further improvement, when calculating the steady-state leakage current value, the equivalent resistance of each insulating layer is taken as the equivalent resistance of the insulating layer.
The beneficial effects are that: in the voltage stabilizing stage of the direct current system, the capacitor is equivalent to an open circuit, i.e. no equivalent capacitor exists.
As a further improvement, when calculating the transient leakage current value, the value obtained by connecting the equivalent resistance and the equivalent capacitance of each insulating layer in parallel is used as the equivalent impedance of the insulating layer.
The beneficial effects are that: capacitance is generated when the dc system is boosted.
As a further improvement, when both the steady-state leakage current value and the transient current value are smaller than the corresponding set threshold values, the withstand voltage of the power supply system is judged to be qualified.
The beneficial effects are that: only if the steady-state leakage current value and the transient leakage current value are qualified, the voltage resistance of the object to be tested can be indicated to be qualified.
As a further improvement, the withstand voltage tester is taken as a constituent unit and as a part of an equivalent circuit.
The beneficial effects are that: when the power supply system is connected with the voltage withstand tester for testing, abnormal current cannot be generated, and safety of a testing process is guaranteed.
As a further improvement, in determining the equivalent resistance of each insulating layer, if at least two insulating mediums exist in the insulating layer, the parallel value of the equivalent resistances of the two insulating mediums is taken as the equivalent resistance of the insulating layer.
As a further improvement, when the equivalent impedance of each constituent unit in the insulation path is obtained, the minimum value of the equivalent impedance in each constituent unit is selected as the equivalent impedance of each constituent unit, or the average value of the minimum value and the maximum value of the equivalent impedance in each constituent unit is selected as the equivalent impedance of each constituent unit.
The beneficial effects are that: when the minimum value of the equivalent impedance is used as the equivalent impedance of each component unit, the operation amount of the equivalent impedance is reduced, and the reliability of withstand voltage detection is improved, because the withstand voltage test is passed under the condition that the equivalent impedance in the equivalent circuit is smaller than or equal to the actual impedance, the withstand voltage performance of the actual power supply system is better; when the average value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the equivalent impedance is selected as the equivalent impedance of each component unit, the operation amount of the equivalent impedance is reduced, and the voltage withstand detection result is more accurate compared with the voltage withstand detection result of the last method for selecting the minimum value.
As a further improvement, when determining the equivalent impedance of the constituent unit, the equivalent resistance and/or equivalent capacitance of each insulating layer of the sub-unit of each constituent unit can be determined, the corresponding equivalent impedance is determined according to the equivalent resistance and/or equivalent capacitance of each layer, the equivalent impedance of each insulating layer is connected in series to obtain the equivalent impedance of the sub-unit, and the equivalent impedance of the corresponding constituent unit is determined according to the equivalent impedance of each sub-unit.
The beneficial effects are that: when the power supply system is researched, the insulating layers of the constituent units can be thinned for research, and the insulating layers of the constituent unit sub-units can be thinned for research, so that the research accuracy is improved.
As a further improvement, when the power supply system is a battery module, the corresponding insulating layer comprises a pole insulating pad, a battery layer and a battery insulating pad layer, and the constituent units of the battery module comprise battery cells.
As a further improvement, when the power supply system is a battery cluster, the corresponding insulating layer comprises a battery module layer, a box insulating cushion layer, a battery box layer, a frame insulating plate layer and a frame layer, and the constituent unit of the battery cluster comprises a battery box, and the sub-units of the constituent unit comprise a battery module.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a sectional structure of a battery module according to a method for calculating withstand voltage of a power supply system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of a battery cluster of a power supply system withstand voltage calculation method according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at B in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at C in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is an equivalent circuit of a battery cluster of the power system withstand voltage calculation method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a steady-state withstand voltage model test of the method for calculating withstand voltage of a power supply system according to the present invention;
FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of a steady-state voltage model of a method for calculating the voltage withstand of a power supply system according to the present invention;
FIG. 8b is a diagram showing simulation results of a steady-state withstand voltage model of the withstand voltage calculation method of the power supply system according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a transient withstand voltage model test circuit of the method for calculating withstand voltage of a power supply system according to the present invention;
FIG. 10a is a schematic diagram of a transient voltage model of a method for calculating the voltage withstand of a power supply system according to the present invention;
FIG. 10b is a diagram showing simulation results of a transient withstand voltage model of the withstand voltage calculation method of the power supply system according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional view of a battery box of the power supply system withstand voltage calculating method of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single cell of the method for calculating withstand voltage of a power system according to the present invention;
description of the drawings:
1. a post insulation pad; 2. a battery; 3. a battery insulating pad; 4. a frame; 5. a box insulation pad; 6. a battery box;
7. a frame insulating plate; 8. an air layer; 9. a clamping plate; 21. a cover plate insulating pad; 22. a battery case; 23. a bottom insulating pad.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the particular embodiments described herein are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the invention, i.e., the embodiments described are merely some, but not all, of the embodiments of the invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Power supply system withstand voltage calculation method embodiment:
the existing high-voltage power supply system with the voltage higher than 6KV is unreasonable in withstand voltage design of the power supply system in the early stage, and personnel injury and product development delay caused by test failure easily occur in the later stage. In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a voltage withstand calculation method of a power supply system, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) And constructing an insulation path according to the physical structure of the power supply system, and insulating layers of all the constituent units of the power supply system in the insulation path. When the power supply system is a battery cluster, the constituent units of the power supply system are battery boxes, when the power supply system is a battery box, the constituent units of the power supply system are battery modules, and when the power supply system is a battery module, the constituent units of the power supply system are battery monomers.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, when the power supply system is a battery module, the corresponding insulating layers include a pole insulating pad 1 layer, a battery 2 layer and a battery insulating pad 3 layer. As shown in fig. 2 to 5, when the power supply system is a battery cluster, the corresponding insulating layers include a battery module layer, a box insulating mat 5 layer, a battery box 6 layer, a frame insulating board 7 layer, an air layer 8 and a frame 4 layer. As shown in fig. 11 and 12, when the power supply system is a battery box, the corresponding insulating layer comprises a pole insulating pad, a battery, a pc+abs splint, an insulating pad, an air layer and a battery box body; when the power supply system is a single battery, the corresponding insulating layer comprises a pole insulating pad, a cover plate insulating pad, a battery shell and a bottom insulating pad. The insulating layer of the power supply system is determined according to the internal structure of the battery system, and is not limited to the specific insulating structure provided in this embodiment, and if the battery system has an increased insulating structure, the corresponding insulating layer also has an increased insulating structure.
2) Determining the equivalent impedance of the component unit, wherein the equivalent impedance can be obtained by firstly determining the equivalent resistance and/or equivalent capacitance of each insulating layer of the component unit according to the method I, determining the corresponding equivalent impedance according to the equivalent resistance and/or equivalent capacitance of each layer, and connecting the equivalent impedance of each insulating layer in series to obtain the equivalent impedance of the component unit; and secondly, determining equivalent resistance and/or equivalent capacitance of each insulating layer of the sub-unit of each component unit, determining corresponding equivalent impedance according to the equivalent resistance and/or equivalent capacitance of each layer, connecting the equivalent impedance of each insulating layer in series to obtain the equivalent impedance of the sub-unit, and determining the equivalent impedance of the corresponding component unit according to the equivalent impedance of each sub-unit. The present embodiment employs method one to determine the equivalent impedance of the constituent elements. Finally, establishing an equivalent circuit according to the equivalent impedance of each component unit in the insulation path and the component unit; and then the withstand voltage tester is used as a component unit and is used as a part of an equivalent circuit.
The structure of different power supply systems is similar, the difference is that the number of parts is different and the corresponding insulation resistance R k And capacitance to ground C k Equivalent parameters are different.
When determining the equivalent resistance of each insulating layer, if at least two insulating mediums exist in the insulating layer, the parallel value of the equivalent resistances of the two insulating mediums is taken as the equivalent resistance of the insulating layer. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the medium of each insulating layer is uniform, and then the equivalent impedance of the power supply system is obtained after the equivalent impedance of each insulating layer is connected in series, and the corresponding equivalent circuit is shown in fig. 6; the insulating layer of the 5 th layer is provided with two mediums of the battery box 6 and air as shown in fig. 4, and the two mediums are not uniformly mixed, so that the equivalent resistance of the insulating layer is the equivalent resistance of the battery box 6 and the air after the equivalent resistances are connected in parallel.
3) The voltage resistance of the power supply system is simulated and detected by the equivalent circuit, the equivalent circuit is tested, a test voltage is applied to the equivalent circuit, the leakage current value corresponding to each component unit is obtained according to the ground voltage and the equivalent impedance of the component unit, and the sum of the leakage currents of the component units is used as the leakage current value of the power supply system; when the leakage current value of the power supply system is larger than a set threshold value, the withstand voltage of the power supply system is judged to be unqualified, and when the leakage current value of the power supply system is smaller than or equal to the set threshold value, the withstand voltage of the power supply system is judged to be qualified. Specifically, when it is determined that the withstand voltage of the power supply system is not acceptable, the insulating structure and insulating material of the power supply system are modified to improve the withstand voltage performance.
In this embodiment, in order to reduce the calculation amount and improve the calculation efficiency, when the equivalent impedance of each component unit in the insulation path is obtained, the minimum value of the equivalent impedance of each component unit is selected as the equivalent impedance of each component unit, and in fig. 3-5, the equivalent impedance of fig. 3 may be calculated only as the equivalent impedance of fig. 4 and 5, or the average value of the minimum value and the maximum value of the equivalent impedance of each component unit may be selected as the equivalent impedance of each component unit.
The leakage current value of the power supply system comprises a steady-state leakage current value and a transient leakage current value. When calculating the steady-state leakage current value, the equivalent resistance of each insulating layer is taken as the equivalent impedance of the insulating layer. When the transient leakage current value is calculated, the value obtained by connecting the equivalent resistance and the equivalent capacitance of each insulating layer in parallel is used as the equivalent impedance of the insulating layer. And judging that the withstand voltage of the power supply system is qualified only when the steady-state leakage current value and the transient current value are smaller than the corresponding set threshold values.
The leakage current comprises a steady-state leakage current value and a transient leakage current value, which are as follows: for a direct current system, the leakage current corresponding to the equivalent capacitor is mainly determined by the boosting rate during the voltage-withstanding test, and in the voltage-stabilizing stage, the capacitor is equivalent to an open circuit, that is, only in the boosting stage, the influence of the capacitor on the equivalent impedance is considered.
Taking the calculation of the leakage current of the battery cluster as an example, the equivalent circuit is simulated to obtain the leakage current value of the power supply system, and the simulation can be performed on simulation software such as Matlab or Ltspce. In particular, in the voltage stabilizing stage of the direct current system, the equivalent circuit diagram of the battery cluster is shown in fig. 7, and the leakage current I N The set of calculation equations of (2) is as follows:
wherein,Ris the internal resistance of the withstand voltage tester;R 0 ～R n is an insulation resistance;I 0 ～I n leakage current flowing from the battery to the ground;V 1 ～V n for voltages of constituent elements of the power supply system, e.g. when the power supply system is a battery pack consisting of n battery boxes, thenV 1 ～V n The voltages correspond to the battery boxes respectively;Vis the test voltage (withstand voltage value).
The simulation results in the voltage stabilizing stage are shown in fig. 8a and 8b, and the leakage current of the battery cluster is 918.2uA, which is smaller than 10mA standard.
In the transient stage of the DC system, the equivalent circuit of the battery cluster is shown in FIG. 9, and the equivalent circuit of the battery cluster is shown in FIG. 9RIs the internal resistance of the withstand voltage tester,Vin order to test the voltage of the power supply,R 0 ～R n in the form of an insulation resistance,C 1 ～C n is the capacitance to ground between the ground points,I 0 ～I n a leakage current to ground flows for each branch,V 1 ～V n for voltages of constituent elements of the power supply system, e.g. when the power supply system is a battery pack consisting of n battery boxes, thenV 1 ～V n To be the voltages corresponding to the respective battery boxes,I N is the dominant negative total leakage current. The equivalent circuit is input into simulation software for simulation calculation, and leakage current is obtained as shown in fig. 10a and 10 b. Because the steady-state leakage current value and the transient leakage current value are both qualified, the withstand voltage test of the battery cluster corresponding to the equivalent circuit is qualified.
The method comprises the steps of firstly establishing a physical model for a power supply system, obtaining a corresponding equivalent circuit according to the physical model, and providing data support for subsequent simulation; the equivalent circuit is simulated to obtain leakage current, so that dangerous imagination that zero parts are broken down, arc discharge and the like can be avoided when the power supply system is directly tested, and the safety of voltage withstand detection of the power supply system is improved.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but may be modified without inventive effort or equivalent substitution of some of the technical features thereof by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for calculating withstand voltage of a power supply system, comprising the steps of:
constructing an insulation path according to the physical structure of the power supply system, and constructing insulation layers of all the constituent units of the power supply system in the insulation path;
determining the equivalent resistance and/or equivalent capacitance of each insulating layer of the component unit, determining the corresponding equivalent impedance according to the equivalent resistance and/or equivalent capacitance of each layer, connecting the equivalent impedance of each insulating layer in series to obtain the equivalent impedance of the component unit, and establishing an equivalent circuit according to the equivalent impedance of each component unit in the insulating path and the component unit;
applying a test voltage in the equivalent circuit, obtaining a leakage current value corresponding to each component unit according to the ground voltage and the equivalent impedance of the component unit, and taking the sum of the leakage currents of the component units as a leakage current value of a power supply system;
when the leakage current value of the power supply system is larger than a set threshold value, the withstand voltage of the power supply system is judged to be unqualified, and when the leakage current value of the power supply system is smaller than or equal to the set threshold value, the withstand voltage of the power supply system is judged to be qualified;
the leakage current value of the power supply system comprises a steady-state leakage current value and a transient leakage current value;
when calculating a steady-state leakage current value, taking the equivalent resistance of each insulating layer as the equivalent impedance of the insulating layer; when the transient leakage current value is calculated, the value obtained by connecting the equivalent resistance and the equivalent capacitance of each insulating layer in parallel is used as the equivalent impedance of the insulating layer.
2. The power supply system withstand voltage calculation method according to claim 1, wherein the power supply system withstand voltage is judged to be acceptable when both the steady-state leakage current value and the transient current value are smaller than the corresponding set threshold values.
3. The power supply system withstand voltage calculating method according to claim 1, wherein the withstand voltage tester is provided as a constituent unit and as a part of an equivalent circuit.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when determining the equivalent resistance of each insulating layer, if at least two insulating mediums exist in the insulating layer, the parallel value of the equivalent resistances of the two insulating mediums is taken as the equivalent resistance of the insulating layer.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, when the equivalent impedance of each constituent unit in the insulating path is obtained, a minimum value of the equivalent impedance in each constituent unit is selected as the equivalent impedance of each constituent unit, or a mean value of the minimum value and the maximum value of the equivalent impedance in each constituent unit is selected as the equivalent impedance of each constituent unit.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the equivalent impedance of each of the constituent units is determined by determining the equivalent resistance and/or equivalent capacitance of each of the insulating layers of the constituent units, determining the equivalent impedance according to the equivalent resistance and/or equivalent capacitance of each of the insulating layers, and obtaining the equivalent impedance of the constituent unit by serially connecting the equivalent impedances of the insulating layers.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein when the power supply system is a battery module, the corresponding insulating layer includes a post insulating pad, a battery layer, and a battery insulating pad layer, and the constituent unit of the battery module includes a battery cell.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein when the power supply system is a battery pack, the corresponding insulating layer includes a battery module layer, a case insulating mat layer, a battery case layer, a frame insulating mat layer air layer, and a frame layer, and the constituent unit of the battery pack includes a battery case, and the sub-unit of the constituent unit includes a battery module.
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