CN117469615A - Vehicle dipped headlight and design method thereof - Google Patents
Vehicle dipped headlight and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117469615A CN117469615A CN202311475615.5A CN202311475615A CN117469615A CN 117469615 A CN117469615 A CN 117469615A CN 202311475615 A CN202311475615 A CN 202311475615A CN 117469615 A CN117469615 A CN 117469615A
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S41/25—Projection lenses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
- F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
- F21S41/143—Light emitting diodes [LED] the main emission direction of the LED being parallel to the optical axis of the illuminating device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
- F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2102/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for illuminating purposes
- F21W2102/10—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light
- F21W2102/13—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for high-beam region or low-beam region
- F21W2102/135—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for high-beam region or low-beam region the light having cut-off lines, i.e. clear borderlines between emitted regions and dark regions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vehicle dipped headlight and a design method thereof, wherein the vehicle dipped headlight comprises an LED light source and a dipped headlight lens, the dipped headlight lens is a plano-convex free-form surface lens and comprises a plane close to the LED light source and a free-form surface far away from the LED light source; the design method of the free curved surface is that on the basis of plane refraction light, an external surface data point cloud is calculated according to a grid division and tangent plane iteration method, and then curved surface fitting is carried out to form the external surface of the lens. The vehicle dipped headlight adopts a baffle-free direct projection type structure, light rays emitted by the LEDs can form a designed expected dipped beam light pattern after being refracted by the lenses, the lens free curved surface can realize the dipped beam light pattern distribution of light energy, the light rays emitted by the LED light sources are refracted by the plane and then refracted by the outer surface to a light distribution screen to form a dipped beam cut-off line light pattern, and the higher light energy utilization rate is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optimal design of vehicle lamps, in particular to a vehicle dipped headlight and a design method thereof.
Background
The vehicle dipped headlight is an important lighting device for safe driving of the vehicle at night, and the LED becomes a new generation of vehicle dipped headlight light source with competitive power due to the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, small volume, long service life and the like.
The existing LED dipped headlight optical system mainly adopts a dipped headlight structure composed of an LED, an ellipsoidal reflector, a light type baffle plate and an aspheric lens, and utilizes the light type baffle plate to shield light to form geometric asymmetric dipped headlight. Aiming at the existing low beam structure, reflectors or light type baffles are required to be used for forming the low beam light type meeting the regulations, on one hand, the structure is complex, and the occupied space is relatively large; on the other hand, the light type baffle plate can cause great waste on light energy, and the light energy utilization rate of the light source is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a vehicle dipped headlight and a design method thereof, wherein the vehicle dipped headlight comprises an LED light source and a dipped headlight lens, and the dipped headlight lens is a planoconvex free-form surface lens and comprises a plane close to the LED light source and a free-form surface far away from the LED light source; the design method of the free curved surface is that on the basis of plane refraction light, an external surface data point cloud is calculated according to a grid division and plane iteration method, and then curved surface fitting is carried out to form the external surface of the lens. The vehicle dipped headlight adopts a baffle-free direct projection type structure, light rays emitted by the LEDs can form a designed expected dipped beam light pattern after being refracted by the lenses, the lens free curved surface can realize the dipped beam light pattern distribution of light energy, the light rays emitted by the LED light sources are refracted by the plane and then refracted by the outer surface to a light distribution screen to form a dipped beam cut-off line light pattern, and the higher light energy utilization rate is realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a vehicle dipped headlight, comprising: the low beam lens is a plano-convex free-form surface lens and comprises a plane close to the LED light source and a free-form surface outer surface far away from the LED light source.
As the preferable technical scheme, the LED lamp is further provided with a lens support and a radiator, the LED light source and the low beam lens are both fixed on the lens support, the LED light source is arranged at the focal length center of the low beam lens, and the radiator is arranged at the bottom of the LED light source.
As the preferable technical scheme, the radiator comprises a bottom plate and a plurality of radiating plates, the LED light source is fixed above the bottom plate, the radiating plates are vertically and uniformly arranged below the bottom plate, and the lens support and the radiator adopt an integrated structure.
The invention also provides a design method based on the vehicle dipped headlight, wherein the inner surface of the dipped headlight is a plane, the outer surface of the dipped headlight is a free-form surface, the design method of the free-form surface is that on the basis of plane refraction light, the surface data point cloud of the outer surface is calculated according to a grid division and plane iteration method, and then the lens outer surface is formed by surface fitting.
As a preferred technical solution, the design steps of the outer surface of the free-form surface specifically include:
dividing an energy region of the light source and an area region of the dipped headlight light type according to the energy corresponding relation between the light source and the target plane;
performing face element segmentation on an energy region of a light source and an area region of a dipped headlight type;
the surface element division adopts proportion weighting, and the adjustment of the surface element illuminance is realized through the adjustment of the surface element area;
calculating an incident ray vector refracted by the inner surface of the low beam lens, and determining an incident ray vector and an emergent ray vector of each edge point of the lens micro element;
constructing a free curved surface of a lens by using a planar iteration method, fitting to form a lens molded surface, and constructing a lens entity;
and carrying out optical simulation on the constructed lens entity, and adjusting the proportional weighting coefficient according to the simulation data until the simulation data reach the preset regulation requirement.
As an preferable technical solution, the dividing the energy area of the light source and the area of the dipped headlight light type according to the energy correspondence between the light source and the target plane comprises the following specific steps:
aiming at the geometric characteristics of a preset light type, the energy of the LED light source is divided into omega 1 、Ω 2 、Ω 3 、Ω 4 Four large areas, correspondingly, dividing the area of the near-light type into four large areas S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 The energy correspondence relationship between them is:
as a preferred technical solution, the method for performing the face element segmentation on the energy region of the light source and the area region of the dipped headlight type comprises the following specific steps:
respectively to omega 1 And S is equal to 1 、Ω 2 And S is equal to 2 、Ω 3 And S is equal to 3 、Ω 4 And S is equal to 4 Performing binning, and dividing omega according to light intensity distribution of LED light source 1 、Ω 2 、Ω 3 、Ω 4 Dividing the light source into a plurality of angular elements with equal luminous flux according to the warp and weft directions;
S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 adopts central radiation type division, and utilizes rays and surrounding rectangular lines to divide S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 Is divided into bins equal to the number of bins.
As an optimal technical scheme, the surface element division adopts proportion weighting, and the adjustment of the surface element illuminance is realized through the adjustment of the surface element area, and specifically comprises the following steps:
setting a scale weighting factor w i,j And w is equal to i From w i,j d obtaining a new distance between surrounding moments, which is represented by w i Delta obtains a new included angle between rays, wherein d and delta are constants, so that the adjustment of the area of the surface element is realized.
As a preferable technical scheme, the method for determining the incident and emergent ray vectors of each edge point of the lens microcell by calculating the incident ray vector after being refracted by the inner surface of the low beam lens comprises the following steps:
and acquiring a normal vector of the inner surface of the low beam lens, determining a lens material, and calculating an initial emergent ray vector based on Snell's law.
As a preferred technical solution, the constructing a free-form surface of the lens by using a planar iterative method specifically includes:
setting I 0 、O 0 P 0 Respectively an initial incident light ray, an emergent light ray and a coordinate point of the initial lens size, Q i,j Is a micro-element edge point of geometric characteristics of dipped headlight light distribution and is matched with a coordinate point P i,j Determining the outgoing ray vector O i,j ；
All coordinate points of the lens utilize the initial coordinate point P 0 All iterative calculation is carried out, and the process is as follows:
by P 0,i Determination of P by coordinates and normal vector of point 0,i Tangent equation of point and vector I of next incident ray 0,i+1 The intersection point with the tangent equation is determined as the second point P of the free-form surface lens 0,i+1 Coordinates due to P 0,i+1 Coordinate determination is performed by P 0,i+1 Incident ray I of point 0,i+1 And outgoing ray vector O 0,i+1 Determining P using Snell's law 0,i+1 Point normal vector N 0,i+1 Then determine P 0,i+1 The tangent plane equation of the point, snell's law, is as follows:
wherein,is the incident ray vector of the inner surface, +.>Is the outgoing ray vector of the inner surface, n is the refractive index of the lens material, +.>Is the tangent plane normal vector of the surface points of the outer surface;
iteratively obtaining a first curve of the free curved surface along the warp direction;
firstly determining a curve in the Y-axis direction, then taking the coordinates of each node of the curve as a base point, iterating to the positive axis direction and the negative axis direction of the X-axis respectively through tangential planes in the weft direction, thereby determining all the nodes of the free-form surface grid, namely lens type surface points, and after all the lens type surface points are determined, forming the free-form surface by utilizing surface lofting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) The invention designs the inner surface of the near-light lens as a plane, light rays emitted by the LED are refracted at first when passing through the plane, a certain light receiving effect is achieved, the surface data point cloud of the outer surface is calculated according to a grid division and plane iteration method, then the surface fitting is carried out to form the outer surface of the lens, namely a free curved surface, the surface calculation of the free curved surface is carried out on the basis of the refraction of the inner surface, and the light energy utilization efficiency of the near-light lamp can be improved maximally.
(2) The low beam lens in the low beam structure of the vehicle adopts the plano-convex free-form surface lens, so that an elliptical reflector and a light type baffle in the conventional LED low beam optical system can be reduced, the low beam device of the vehicle is simplified, the light type with an obvious cut-off line can be formed on the premise of not needing the baffle, and the light source energy can be effectively utilized because the baffle is not needed, and the high energy utilization efficiency is realized on the premise of reaching the low beam standard of the vehicle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a low beam lamp for a vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a low beam lamp of the vehicle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a low beam lens according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a low beam lens structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the low beam lens structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a heat sink according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the light ray direction of the low beam lens of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method for designing an outer surface of a free-form surface according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the energy correspondence of the light source, lens, dipped headlight type of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the bin division of the light source energy and low beam light pattern according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a planar iterative implementation process of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the illumination simulation effect of the present invention.
The LED lamp comprises a 1-low beam lens, a 2-lens support, a 3-LED light source, a 4-radiator, a free curved surface of a 5-low beam lens and a plane of a 6-low beam lens.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a vehicle dipped headlight, which includes a dipped headlight lens 1, a lens support 2, an LED light source 3, a radiator 4, wherein the LED light source 3 and the dipped headlight lens 1 are all fixed on the lens support 2, 2 groups of dipped headlight lenses 1 are fixedly installed on the lens support 2, and the LED light source 3 is arranged at the focal length center of the dipped headlight lens, which is more beneficial to improving the light energy utilization rate;
as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the low beam lens is a plano-convex free-form surface lens, and comprises a plane 6 close to the LED light source and a free-form surface 5 far away from the LED light source, wherein the free-form surface realizes low beam light type distribution of light energy, and a clear cut-off line can be formed by using the low beam lens under the condition of reducing the light type baffle, so that the light energy utilization rate is high;
as shown in fig. 6, and in combination with fig. 1 and 2, the radiator 4 is arranged at the bottom of the LED light source 3, and the radiator comprises a bottom plate and a plurality of radiating plates, the LED light source is fixed above the bottom plate, and the radiating plates are vertically and uniformly arranged below the bottom plate, so that the structure is simple, and the radiating efficiency is improved;
as shown in fig. 7, the light emitted by the LED light source 3 is refracted by the plane 6 in the low beam lens 1, then enters the lens body, is refracted by the free curved surface 5 again, and is output onto the light distribution screen to form a low beam cut-off line type, so that the light energy utilization rate is good.
In this embodiment, the lens holder and the heat sink are of an integral structure, which facilitates assembly.
In the embodiment, an osram company 2 core light source is adopted as the LED light source, and the light source has the advantages of stable light emission and low energy consumption;
the vehicle dipped headlight structure can form a light type with an obvious cut-off line on the premise of not needing a baffle, and the energy of a light source can be effectively utilized because the baffle is not needed, so that the vehicle dipped headlight structure has higher energy utilization efficiency on the premise of reaching the dipped headlight standard.
Example 2
Based on the technical content of the vehicle dipped headlight of the above embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a design method of the vehicle dipped headlight, based on the design process of the baffle-free direct projection type LED dipped headlight lens, which has the advantages of simple dipped headlight structure and high system light energy utilization efficiency;
because the size of the LED is smaller, and the distance from the inner surface of the vehicle dipped headlight lens to the LED light source is generally 5 times greater than the size of the light source, under the condition that the light spot is not greatly deteriorated, the LED is regarded as a point without a volume size, the light energy utilization efficiency of the inner surface of the hemispherical surface is low due to the fact that the light receiving performance of the inner surface of the TIR lens is good, but the cut-off line is fuzzy and cannot meet the regulation requirement, the inner surface of the dipped headlight lens is designed to be a plane, light emitted by the LED is firstly refracted when passing through the plane, a certain light receiving effect is achieved, and the cut-off line light type is mainly generated by the outer surface of the lens. The calculation of the outer surface of the lens is to calculate the surface data point cloud of the outer surface according to a grid division and plane iteration method on the basis of the refraction light of the inner surface, and then perform surface fitting to form the outer surface of the lens, namely a free-form surface.
As shown in fig. 8, the design method of the outer surface (i.e., free-form surface) of the lens is as follows:
(1) Dividing a large area according to the energy corresponding relation between the light source and the target plane;
for the geometrical characteristics of R113 rule class A light type, as shown in FIG. 9, the corresponding relation between the energy division of the LED light source and the energy division on the target screen is obtained, wherein the energy division of the LED light source is omega 1 、Ω 2 、Ω 3 、Ω 4 Four parts, the area of the dipped headlight light type is divided into four parts S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 The energy correspondence relationship between them is:the energy corresponding relation can enable the front illumination of the automobile to be higher, and the illumination width is ensured so as to meet the preset design target.
In this embodiment, for the R113 regulation class a light type, such as a motorcycle, the requirements of meeting the class a light need to be met, in the area where M-M is the cutoff line, the light intensity of each point above M-M in the zone1 area should be less than 320cd, and then in the light type below the M-M cutoff line, the corresponding light intensity requirements need to be met.
(2) Performing face element segmentation corresponding to each large area;
respectively to omega 1 And S is equal to 1 、Ω 2 And S is equal to 2 、Ω 3 And S is equal to 3 、Ω 4 And S is equal to 4 The bin division is performed as shown in FIG. 10, and is described as Ω 1 And S is equal to 1 The region is an example. Omega can be determined according to the light intensity distribution of the LED light source 1 Dividing the light source into a plurality of angular elements with equal luminous flux according to the warp and weft directions; s is S 1 Adopts central radiation type division, and utilizes rays and surrounding rectangular lines to divide S 1 Dividing the region into surface elements with the same number as the corner elements; the mapping relationship satisfies only the geometric feature of the low beam light pattern, and the illuminance distribution of the low beam light pattern is not determined, and therefore, the average illuminance of the bins can be changed by changing the area of the bins according to the illuminance definition.
(3) Proportional weighting is carried out on the micro element mapping relation, so that the adjustment of the area of the surface element is realized;
to accurately express the infinitesimal edge mapping relation after the change of the surface element, the surface element is divided by adopting proportional weighting, namely, w is utilized i, j d represents the distance between the surrounding moments, and w is used i Delta represents the included angle between rays, wherein d and delta are constant, w i,j And w is equal to i For the scale weighting factor, the area of the surface element can be determined by the scale weighting factor, and then the adjustment of the illumination of the surface element is realized through the adjustment of the area of the surface element.
(4) Calculating the incident ray vector after being refracted by the inner surface;
since the inner surface is planar and the normal vector is known, the incident ray on the inner surface is emitted from the light source and is also known, and the lens material selected is also known, the initial outgoing ray vector is calculated based on Snell's law using three known quantities
(5) Calculating lens type surface points by using a plane iteration method;
and determining the incident and emergent ray vectors of each edge point of the lens micro element through the parameterized micro element edge mapping relation, and constructing a free curved surface of the lens by using a plane iteration method.
As shown in fig. 11, the planar iterative method specifically includes:
I 0 、O 0 p 0 The initial incident light, the emergent light and the initial lens size coordinate point are respectively; q (Q) i,j Is a infinitesimal edge point of geometric characteristics of dipped headlight light distribution, and P i,j Can determine the emergent ray vector O i,j . All coordinate points of the lens can utilize the initial coordinate point P 0 All the iteration is carried out. The process comprises the following steps: by P 0,i The coordinates and normal vector of the point can determine P 0,i Tangent equation of point and vector I of next incident ray 0,i+1 The intersection point with the tangent equation is determined as the second point P of the free-form surface lens 0,i+1 Coordinates. Due to P 0,i+1 Coordinate determination is performed by P 0,i+1 Incident ray I of point 0,i+1 And outgoing ray vector O 0,i+1 It can be determined that P can be determined using Snell's law 0,i+1 Point normal vector N 0,i+1 Then determine P 0,i+1 Tangent plane equation of the point.
Snell's law is expressed as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the incident ray vector of the inner surface, +.>Is the outgoing ray vector of the inner surface, n is the refractive index of the lens material, +.>Is the tangent plane normal vector of the surface point.
n is the refractive index of the lens material,is the incident ray vector of the inner surface, +.>An outgoing ray vector for the inner surface, i.e. an incoming ray vector for the profile of the outer surface;
(6) Fitting to form a lens molded surface and constructing a lens entity;
and (3) iterating along the warp direction according to the method to obtain a first curve of the free curved surface. As shown in the above figure, the curve in the Y-axis direction is first determined, and then all the free-form surface mesh nodes, i.e., lens-type surface points, are determined by iterating the coordinates of each node of the curve as a base point in the positive and negative directions of the X-axis through the tangential plane in the weft direction. After all lens type surface points are determined, a smooth free-form surface can be formed by curved surface lofting.
It should be noted that, the light emitted from the LED is refracted through the inner surface, the refracted light is the incident light when the outer surface is calculated, and the initial incident light is the light refracted through the inner surface, so after the light vector is determined by the light source energy bin, the outgoing light vector is calculated according to the formula (1), and the outgoing light vector is the incident light in the tangent plane iteration method.
(7) Simulation determines whether target illumination is achieved, if so, the design is ended, otherwise, the step (3) is returned;
the freeform surface determined according to the above procedure is combined with the planar inner surface to construct the lens entity in three-dimensional configuration software. And simulating in optical simulation software by using the constructed entity, and adjusting the proportion weighting coefficient of each micro element according to simulation data until the simulation data meets the regulation requirement.
As shown in fig. 12, the light simulation effect of the dipped headlight is obtained according to the design method, and it can be seen from the figure that the vehicle dipped headlight structure of the embodiment can form the light type with obvious cut-off line without the baffle, and the light source energy can be effectively utilized without the baffle, so that the vehicle dipped headlight structure has higher energy utilization efficiency on the premise of reaching the dipped headlight standard.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low beam lamp for a vehicle, comprising: the low beam lens is a plano-convex free-form surface lens and comprises a plane close to the LED light source and a free-form surface outer surface far away from the LED light source.
2. The vehicle low beam lamp of claim 1, further comprising a lens holder and a heat sink, wherein the LED light source and the low beam lens are both fixed to the lens holder, the LED light source is disposed at a focal center of the low beam lens, and the heat sink is disposed at a bottom of the LED light source.
3. The low beam lamp of claim 2, wherein the radiator comprises a bottom plate and a plurality of radiating plates, the LED light source is fixed above the bottom plate, the radiating plates are vertically and uniformly arranged below the bottom plate, and the lens support and the radiator are of an integral structure.
4. The design method of the vehicle dipped headlight according to any one of the above claims 1-3, characterized in that the inner surface of the dipped headlight lens is a plane, the outer surface is a free-form surface, the design method of the free-form surface is that on the basis of plane refraction light, the surface data point cloud is calculated according to a grid division and plane iteration method, and then the surface fitting is carried out to form the outer surface of the lens.
5. The method of designing a low beam lamp for a vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the designing step of the outer surface of the free-form surface specifically includes:
dividing an energy region of the light source and an area region of the dipped headlight light type according to the energy corresponding relation between the light source and the target plane;
performing face element segmentation on an energy region of a light source and an area region of a dipped headlight type;
the surface element division adopts proportion weighting, and the adjustment of the surface element illuminance is realized through the adjustment of the surface element area;
calculating an incident ray vector refracted by the inner surface of the low beam lens, and determining an incident ray vector and an emergent ray vector of each edge point of the lens micro element;
constructing a free curved surface of a lens by using a planar iteration method, fitting to form a lens molded surface, and constructing a lens entity;
and carrying out optical simulation on the constructed lens entity, and adjusting the proportional weighting coefficient according to the simulation data until the simulation data reach the preset regulation requirement.
6. The method for designing a low beam lamp according to claim 5, wherein the dividing the energy area of the light source and the area of the low beam lamp according to the energy correspondence between the light source and the target plane comprises the following steps:
aiming at the geometric characteristics of a preset light type, the energy of the LED light source is divided into omega 1 、Ω 2 、Ω 3 、Ω 4 Four large areas, correspondingly, dividing the area of the near-light type into four large areas S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 The energy correspondence relationship between them is:
7. the method of designing a low beam lamp for a vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the step of performing the face segmentation of the energy region of the light source and the area region of the low beam lamp pattern comprises:
respectively to omega 1 And S is equal to 1 、Ω 2 And S is equal to 2 、Ω 3 And S is equal to 3 、Ω 4 And S is equal to 4 Performing binning, and dividing omega according to light intensity distribution of LED light source 1 、Ω 2 、Ω 3 、Ω 4 Dividing the light source into a plurality of angular elements with equal luminous flux according to the warp and weft directions;
S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 adopts central radiation type division, and utilizes rays and surrounding rectangular lines to divide S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 Is divided into bins equal to the number of bins.
8. The method for designing a low beam lamp according to claim 5, wherein the binning adopts proportional weighting, and the adjustment of the illumination of the bin is achieved by adjusting the area of the bin, specifically comprising:
setting a scale weighting factor w i,j And w is equal to i From w i,j d obtaining a new distance between surrounding moments, which is represented by w i Delta obtains a new included angle between rays, wherein d and delta are constants, so that the adjustment of the area of the surface element is realized.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein calculating the incident ray vector after refraction at the inner surface of the low beam lens and determining the incident and outgoing ray vectors at each edge point of the lens element comprises:
and acquiring a normal vector of the inner surface of the low beam lens, determining a lens material, and calculating an initial emergent ray vector based on Snell's law.
10. The method for designing a low beam lamp according to claim 5, wherein the constructing the free-form surface of the lens by using the planar iteration method comprises:
setting I 0 、O 0 P 0 Respectively an initial incident light ray, an emergent light ray and a coordinate point of the initial lens size, Q i,j Is a micro-element edge point of geometric characteristics of dipped headlight light distribution and is matched with a coordinate point P i,j Determining the outgoing ray vector O i,j ；
All coordinate points of the lens utilize the initial coordinate point P 0 All iterative calculation is carried out, and the process is as follows:
by P 0,i Determination of P by coordinates and normal vector of point 0,i Tangent equation of point and vector I of next incident ray 0,i+1 The intersection point with the tangent equation is determined as the second point P of the free-form surface lens 0,i+1 Coordinates due to P 0,i+1 Coordinate determination is performed by P 0,i+1 Incident ray I of point 0,i+1 And outgoing ray vector O 0,i+1 Determining P using Snell's law 0,i+1 Point normal vector N 0,i+1 Then determine P 0,i+1 The tangent plane equation of the point, snell's law, is as follows:
wherein,is the incident ray vector of the inner surface, +.>Is the outgoing ray vector of the inner surface, n is the refractive index of the lens material, +.>Is the tangent plane normal vector of the surface points of the outer surface;
iteratively obtaining a first curve of the free curved surface along the warp direction;
firstly determining a curve in the Y-axis direction, then taking the coordinates of each node of the curve as a base point, iterating to the positive axis direction and the negative axis direction of the X-axis respectively through tangential planes in the weft direction, thereby determining all the nodes of the free-form surface grid, namely lens type surface points, and after all the lens type surface points are determined, forming the free-form surface by utilizing surface lofting.
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