CN117467042A - Lithium ion battery binder and pre-lithiation application thereof - Google Patents

Lithium ion battery binder and pre-lithiation application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117467042A
CN117467042A CN202311408472.6A CN202311408472A CN117467042A CN 117467042 A CN117467042 A CN 117467042A CN 202311408472 A CN202311408472 A CN 202311408472A CN 117467042 A CN117467042 A CN 117467042A
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ether
lithium
polymer
negative electrode
polyvinyl alcohol
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李圆圆
林少雄
刘超辉
王雪友
陈宇
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Gotion High Tech Co Ltd
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Gotion High Tech Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/28—Condensation with aldehydes or ketones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J129/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Adhesives based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J129/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of acetals or ketals obtained by polymerisation of unsaturated acetals or ketals or by after-treatment of polymers of unsaturated alcohols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium ion battery binder and a pre-lithiation application thereof. The lithium ion battery binder is a polymer, and is prepared from polyvinyl alcohol and benzo crown ether or polyvinyl alcohol and dibenzocrown ether through an acetal reaction, wherein lithium ions are complexed in the crown ether structure of the benzo crown ether or the dibenzocrown ether; the benzocrown ether is 4-formyl benzocrown ether shown in a formula I, and the dibenzocrown ether is 4-formyl dibenzocrown ether shown in a formula II; wherein n is an integer of 1 to 3, and m1 and m2 are integers of 0 to 2. The pre-lithiated negative electrode plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass, based on 100% of the total amount: 0.5 to 5 percent of conductive agent; 4-15% of the polymer; the balance of negative electrode active material; mixing the components, and carrying out slurry mixing by taking water as a solvent to complete the prelithiation. The lithium ion battery binder provided by the invention has a neutral lithium ion transfer site, is pre-lithiated, and can be applied to pre-lithiation.

Description

Lithium ion battery binder and pre-lithiation application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and relates to a lithium ion battery binder and a pre-lithiation application thereof.
Background
The development of silicon-based anode materials with high specific capacity is one of important measures for improving the energy density of lithium ion batteries. However, the low initial efficiency and poor cycle performance restrict the application of the silicon-based anode material. For example, pure silicon has a first effect of only 70-80%, siO x The first effect of (2) is lower than that of graphite cathode (90-95%) by 50-60%. The low conductivity of lithium ions of the binder group combined with active lithium and binder is also not negligible, except that active lithium is consumed to form the SEI film, which is responsible for the low initial efficiency of the silicon-based anode material. In addition, the low lithium ion conductivity of the binder is also an important cause of poor cycle performance.
In order to improve the initial efficiency and cycle performance of silicon-based anode materials, researchers have developed binders with ionic groups as lithium ion transfer sites and pre-lithiated. For example, a polyacrylic acid binder having carboxyl groups is immersed in an aqueous lithium hydroxide solution, and ionization and preliminary lithiation are achieved by neutralizing the carboxyl groups. Furthermore, an ionization binder based on polyether ether ketone and polysulfone is also developed, wherein sulfonic acid groups are grafted on the main chain, and ionic groups are grafted on the side chains at the same time, and ionization of the sulfonic acid groups on the main chain and pre-lithiation of the ionic groups on the main chain and the side chains are realized by soaking in lithium hydroxide aqueous solution. However, if solvent water is used in the process of combining the negative electrode and the slurry is alkaline due to hydrolysis of weak acid groups such as carboxyl groups, sulfonic acid groups and the like, the method is disadvantageous for silicon-based materials, and the problem of gas production is easily aggravated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lithium ion battery binder and a pre-lithiation application thereof. The lithium ion battery binder provided by the invention has a neutral lithium ion transfer site, is pre-lithiated, and can be applied to pre-lithiation.
The invention provides a polymer which is prepared by polyvinyl alcohol and benzo crown ether or polyvinyl alcohol and dibenzocrown ether through an acetal reaction, wherein lithium ions are complexed in crown ether structures in the benzo crown ether or the dibenzocrown ether;
the benzo crown ether is 4-formyl benzo crown ether shown in a formula I, and the dibenzocrown ether is 4-formyl dibenzocrown ether shown in a formula II;
wherein n is an integer of 1 to 3, and m1 and m2 are integers of 0 to 2.
In the polymer, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the benzocrown ether can be 0.1-4:1;
the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the dibenzocrown ether can be 0.1-4:1.
In the above polymer, the preparation method of the polymer comprises the following steps:
1) The polyvinyl alcohol and the benzo crown ether or the polyvinyl alcohol and the dibenzocrown ether are subjected to an acetal reaction to obtain a condensate;
2) And (3) soaking the condensate in lithium salt water solution for complex reaction to obtain the polymer.
In the polymer, the temperature of the acetalization reaction can be 50-130 ℃, specifically 80 ℃ and 90 ℃, and the reaction time can be 12-24 h;
the crown ether structure content in the condensate can be 1.0-3.0 mmol/g, and can be specifically 2.0mmol/g, 2.5mmol/g or 2.0-2.5 mmol/g.
In the polymer, the lithium salt is at least one selected from lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide), lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl imide), lithium dioxalate borate, lithium difluorooxalate borate and lithium perchlorate;
the concentration of the lithium salt may be 0.5 to 2M, specifically 1M, 0.5 to 1M, 1 to 2M or 0.5 to 1.5M;
the time of the complexing reaction can be 12-48 h, and can be specifically 24h, 12-24 h, 24-48 h or 15-35 h.
The polymer provided by the invention is used as a lithium ion battery binder to be applied to preparation of a pre-lithiated negative electrode plate.
The invention also provides a pre-lithiated negative electrode plate, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass, based on 100% of the total amount:
0.5 to 5 percent of conductive agent;
4-15% of the polymer;
the balance being a negative electrode active material.
In the invention, the pre-lithiated negative electrode plate consists of the following components in percentage by mass, wherein the total amount is 100 percent:
90% of a negative electrode active material, 5% of the conductive agent, and 5% of the polymer.
In the invention, the pre-lithiated negative electrode plate is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass, wherein the total amount is 100 percent:
94% of a negative electrode active material, 1% of the conductive agent, and 5% of the polymer.
In the above pre-lithiated negative electrode sheet, the negative electrode active material is selected from at least one of silicon-based materials, lithium titanate, and graphite.
The invention also provides a pre-lithiation method for preparing the pre-lithiation negative plate, which comprises the following steps: and mixing the anode active material, the conductive agent, the polymer and water to obtain anode slurry, namely, the pre-lithiation is completed.
The invention further provides a pre-lithiated lithium ion battery, wherein the negative electrode plate of the pre-lithiated lithium ion battery is the pre-lithiated negative electrode plate.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the polymer of the invention takes polyvinyl alcohol as a main chain, takes a crown ether structure as a side chain, and realizes the pre-lithiation of the binder by complexing lithium ions in the crown ether structure to be used as the binder of the lithium ion battery. The polymer crown ether structure can be used as a lithium ion channel to promote lithium ion transfer; the crown ether structure is lithiated in advance, so that the crown ether structure can be used as a lithium ion battery binder to combine active lithium in the first charge and discharge process of the battery, and lithium ions in the crown ether structure can be used as a lithium source in the charge and discharge process of the battery, thereby improving the first effect, circulation and rate capability of the battery.
Detailed Description
The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Polyvinyl alcohol and 4-formylbenzo-18-crown-6 are polymerized through an acetal reaction, and the reaction mass ratio is 0.1:1, the reaction temperature is 80 ℃ and the reaction time is 12 hours, so that the adhesive polymer with the crown ether structure content of 2.8mmol/g in the side chain is obtained. And soaking the obtained binder polymer in a 1M lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) aqueous solution, and stirring for 24 hours to complex lithium ions in a crown ether structure, thereby obtaining the polymer serving as a binder of the negative plate. SiO (SiO) x -graphite, super P, the above binder are slurried in an aqueous solution in a mass ratio of 90:5:5 for preparing a negative electrode sheet. And matching with an NCM positive electrode to obtain the pre-lithium battery cell.
The comparison group is distinguished in that a polyvinyl alcohol binder is used to obtain a cell of the group without pre-lithium.
Example 2
Polyvinyl alcohol and 4-formyl dibenzo-18-crown-6 are polymerized through an acetal reaction, and the reaction mass ratio is 0.1:1, the reaction temperature is 90 ℃ and the reaction time is 24 hours, so that the adhesive polymer with the crown ether structure content of 2.0mmol/g in the side chain is obtained. And soaking the obtained binder polymer in a 1M lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) aqueous solution, and stirring for 24 hours to complex lithium ions in a crown ether structure, thereby obtaining the polymer serving as a binder of the negative plate. SiC-graphite, super P and the binder are mixed into slurry in an aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 90:5:5, and the mixture is used for preparing the negative plate. And matching with an NCM positive electrode to obtain the pre-lithium battery cell.
The comparison group is distinguished in that a polyvinyl alcohol binder is used to obtain a cell of the group without pre-lithium.
Example 3
Polyvinyl alcohol and 4-formyl dibenzo-18-crown-6 are polymerized through an acetal reaction, and the reaction mass ratio is 1:1, the reaction temperature is 90 ℃ and the reaction time is 18 hours, so that the adhesive polymer with the crown ether structure content of 1.3mmol/g in the side chain is obtained. And soaking the obtained binder polymer in a 1M lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) aqueous solution, and stirring for 24 hours to complex lithium ions in a crown ether structure, thereby obtaining the polymer serving as a binder of the negative plate. Graphite, super P and the binder are mixed into slurry in an aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 94:1:5, and the slurry is used for preparing the negative plate. And matching with the LFP positive electrode to obtain the pre-lithium battery cell.
The comparison group is distinguished in that a polyvinyl alcohol binder is used to obtain a cell of the group without pre-lithium.
The pre-lithium battery cells of examples 1-3 were numbered P1-P3 in sequence. The non-pre-lithium battery cells in examples 1-3 were numbered R1-R3 in the order of corresponding numbers P1-P3.
Cell performance test: the batteries numbered P1 to P3 and R1 to R3 were subjected to capacity test at 25℃and the initial efficiency of the batteries was calculated, and the results obtained are shown in Table 1. The batteries numbered P1 to P3 and R1 to R3 were subjected to 300-cycle performance test at 25℃and the capacity retention rate of the batteries was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Battery numbering First effect (%) Capacity retention after 300 cycles (%)
R1 84.6％ 91.4％
P1 89.5％ 94.2％
R2 86.2％ 87.5％
P2 91.4％ 91.1％
R3 90.3％ 98.4％
P3 93.1％ 99.3％
From Table 1, polyvinyl alcohol grafts side chains containing crown ether structure, and lithium ions are complexed in the crown ether structure in advance,the cathode binder is used for a lithium ion battery, and the initial effect and the cycle performance of the battery are obviously improved. Wherein SiO is doped for the negative electrode x Or the first effect and the cyclic stability of the SiC battery are improved obviously, which has great promotion effect on the wide application of the silicon-based anode material with high specific capacity in the future.

Claims (10)

1. A polymer, characterized in that the polymer is prepared by acetalization of polyvinyl alcohol and benzocrown ether or polyvinyl alcohol and dibenzocrown ether, and lithium ions are complexed in the crown ether structure of the benzocrown ether or the dibenzocrown ether;
the benzo crown ether is 4-formyl benzo crown ether shown in a formula I, and the dibenzocrown ether is 4-formyl dibenzocrown ether shown in a formula II;
wherein n is an integer of 1 to 3, and m1 and m2 are integers of 0 to 2.
2. The polymer according to claim 1, wherein the reaction mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the benzocrown ether is 0.1 to 4:1;
the reaction mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the dibenzocrown ether is 0.1-4:1.
3. The polymer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the method for preparing the polymer comprises the steps of:
1) The polyvinyl alcohol and the benzo crown ether or the polyvinyl alcohol and the dibenzocrown ether are subjected to an acetal reaction to obtain a condensate;
2) And (3) soaking the condensate in lithium salt water solution for complex reaction to obtain the polymer.
4. A polymer according to claim 3, wherein the acetalisation is carried out at a temperature of 50 to 130 ℃ for a period of 12 to 24 hours;
the crown ether structure content in the condensate is 1.0-3.0 mmol/g.
5. The polymer according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the lithium salt is selected from at least one of lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium dioxaborate, lithium difluorooxalato borate, and lithium perchlorate;
the concentration of the lithium salt is 0.5-2M;
the time of the complexing reaction is 12-48 h.
6. Use of the polymer of any one of claims 1-5 as a binder for lithium ion batteries in the preparation of a pre-lithiated negative electrode sheet.
7. The pre-lithiated negative electrode plate is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass, based on 100% of the total amount:
0.5 to 5 percent of conductive agent;
4-15% of the polymer according to any one of claims 1-5;
the balance being a negative electrode active material.
8. The pre-lithiated negative electrode plate of claim 7, wherein the negative electrode active material is selected from at least one of silicon-based materials, lithium titanate, and graphite.
9. A prelithiation method for preparing the prelithiated negative electrode sheet of claim 7 or 8, comprising the steps of: and (3) mixing the anode active material, the conductive agent and the polymer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 with water as a solvent to obtain the pre-lithiation.
10. A pre-lithiated lithium ion battery, wherein the negative electrode sheet of the pre-lithiated lithium ion battery is the pre-lithiated negative electrode sheet of claim 7 or 8.
CN202311408472.6A 2023-10-27 2023-10-27 Lithium ion battery binder and pre-lithiation application thereof Pending CN117467042A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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