CN117462754A - 一种双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医用材料领域,具体涉及一种双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料及其制备方法。该制备方法为:将胶原溶液与骨材料充分混合后预冻,得到多孔层;将胶原聚集体溶液依次静置、真空脱泡、干燥,得到致密层;将多孔层与致密层进行粘结,得到预支架材料;将预支架材料进行交联,清洗干燥后得到交联支架材料;将血管内皮生长因子与光固化溶液混合,得到混合液;将混合液移至所述交联支架材料的多孔层,光固化后即可。该材料的致密层为胶原聚集体制备的高强度柔韧膜,具有隔离软组织的作用,多孔层与致密层紧密相连,具有促进骨再生的功效,相较于单层的胶原骨材料,该材料具有有效阻隔软组织的长入,新生骨体积较多及血管化程度高等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医用材料领域,具体涉及一种双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
颅脑损伤、脑出血患者行去骨瓣减压术后造成的颅骨缺损在神经外科中较为常见,易再次并发脑损伤和颅内压随体位改变所导致的生理功能异常,使原发神经症状加重甚至出现继发性脑功能受损,给患者带来一系列神经症状,如头晕、头痛、易激怒、记忆力下降、注意力不集中,或对缺损区域存在恐惧心。因此,需要在适当时间行颅骨缺损修复手术以封闭颅腔,进而恢复正常的脑功能活动,同时力求达到完美的整容效果。
目前,使用自体/异体骨移植的重建手术存在骨采集成本高、骨来源有限和潜在供体部位并发症等问题。且其它可用的替代品也存在或多或少的缺陷。
如:(1)聚醚醚酮,面临着诸如可拉伸性差、骨整合性弱、组织摩擦明显和杨氏模量高等缺点,这些缺点往往会约束颅内组织,不能在颅骨切除术后立即植入。(2)钛合金颅骨修复材料在临床中广泛应用,但仍存在一些不足之处,如患者使用手机时产生的电磁波经弧形钛网辐射到大脑,长期积累,将对患者产生难以估量的后果;另外,钛网是电和热的良导体,导热系数高,会造成患者头部对外界温差反应敏感而感觉不适,长期会对脑组织产生慢性损伤,更重要的是钛合金只能对颅骨进行修补,而不能实现生物功能的恢复。
因此,开发一种具有生物活性、能诱导组织再生的新型颅骨修复材料势在必行。故基于此,提出本发明技术方案。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了一种双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料的制备方法,其包括:
(1)配制胶原溶液,并加入骨材料,充分混合后预冻,得到多孔层;
(2)配制胶原聚集体溶液,并依次静置、真空脱泡、干燥,得到致密层;
(3)将所述多孔层与所述致密层进行粘结,得到预支架材料;
(4)将所述预支架材料进行交联,清洗干燥后得到交联支架材料;
(5)将血管内皮生长因子与光固化试剂溶液混合,得到混合液;
(6)将所述混合液移至所述交联支架材料的多孔层表面,紫外光固化后即得所述双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料。
优选地,步骤(1)中,配制浓度为0.2~5%的胶原溶液,并加入骨材料,充分混合后在-80~-20℃条件下预冻干燥,得到多孔层;
和/或,所述胶原溶液为I型或III型胶原溶液;
和/或,所述骨材料为自组装骨、羟基磷灰石、β-磷酸三钙或珊瑚骨中的一种。
优选地,步骤(2)中,配制浓度为0.5~10%的胶原聚集体溶液,静止放置4~24h后在真空条件下搅拌并脱气泡,然后转移至模具中风干,得到致密层;
和/或,所述胶原聚集体溶液为I型或III型胶原聚集体溶液;
和/或,所述胶原聚集体为胶原初原纤维、胶原微纤维、胶原纤维、胶原纤维束中的一种或两种以上的组合。
优选地,步骤(3)中,配制浓度为1~2%的胶原溶液,得到粘结剂;采用所述粘结剂将所述多孔层与所述致密层进行粘结,待干燥后,得到预支架材料。
优选地,步骤(4)中,将所述预支架材料浸入EDC/NHS的乙醇溶液,进行交联4~48h,然后调节pH至7~9,继续交联2~6h,再将交联完成的样品依次清洗、干燥,得到交联支架材料;
和/或,所述EDC/NHS的浓度为0.2~2%;
和/或,所述乙醇溶液的浓度为50~100%;
和/或,所述清洗时间为24~72h,且每1~2h换水清洗。
优选地,步骤(5)中,将血管内皮生长因子与浓度为1~3%的光固化试剂溶液混合,得到混合液;
和/或,所述光固化试剂为甲基丙烯酰化肝素(HepMA)、甲基丙烯酰化明胶(GelMA)或甲基丙烯酰化透明质酸(HAMA)中的一种;
和/或,在所述混合溶液中,所述血管内皮生长因子的浓度为100~500μg/mL。
优选地,步骤(6)中,将所述混合液移至所述交联支架材料的多孔层,紫外光固化10~60s,即得所述双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料。
基于相同的技术构思,本发明的再一方案是提供一种由上述制备方法得到的双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料,包括依次相邻的致密层和多孔层;其中:
所述致密层的最大载荷为35N;
所述多孔层的孔径为50~300μm,孔隙率大于70%,体密度为0.05~0.3g/cm3,Ca/P为1.65~2.25,热重为45~75%。
为便于理解本发明,对本发明的研发思路进行阐述:
I型胶原能与成骨细胞表面的特异性受体β1整合素亚单位紧密结合,进而促进成骨细胞的黏附、增殖、分化。而羟基磷灰石(Hydroxyapatite,HA)作为骨组织的无机成分,具有良好的生物相容性、骨传导性和骨诱导性,可作为人工合成骨替代材料;同时矿化胶原原纤维是天然骨结构中第二层结构的物质,故具有仿生天然骨结构和成分的矿化胶原材料亦是骨再生的理想候选材料。
然而发明人在研究过程中发现,单独使用I型胶原其机械性能不佳且降解速度太快;同样单独的羟基磷灰石在生理环境下的脆性及低的疲劳强度也限制了其使用。又考虑到在实际应用中,对于活体组织绝大多数的细胞来说,需要一定的氧气和营养才能够有效成活,进而才能发挥骨修复作用,因此发明人在设计材料之初就确定了将该材料进行血管化的策略。在真实的人体环境中,骨组织是一个高度血管化的组织,并且血管系统和矿化基质的发育需要骨生成和成血管细胞之间的协同相互作用。在天然组织中,细胞的分布通常限于距离最近的毛细血管200μm的距离,这是氧气和营养物的有效扩散距离。所以本发明经反复研究后加入外源性血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)掺入骨支架中以促进新生血管形成和骨骼再生。
另外,发明人研究发现由于软组织的生长速度快于骨组织,往往先占据成骨空间,进而会导致骨修复效果不佳。故需设计“屏障膜”以覆盖骨缺损区域,防止周围的成纤维细胞干扰骨形成,为骨细胞提供一个良好的成骨微环境。本发明研究发现胶原生物聚合物膜在起屏障作用的同时,还能对骨再生起到关键作用。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明所述的制备方法,首次将骨材料和胶原聚集体强韧膜结合,以此构建为双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料。所述双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料由两层组成,第一层为致密层,为胶原聚集体制备的高强度柔韧膜,具有隔离软组织的作用。第二层为多孔矿化胶原层,与致密层紧密相连,矿化的胶原材料促进骨再生。相较于单层的胶原骨材料,该材料具有有效阻隔软组织的长入,新生骨体积较多及血管化程度高等优点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料的扫描电子显微镜图。
图2是图1中多孔层的局部放大图(标尺300μm)。
图3是图1中致密层的局部放大图(标尺50μm)。
图4是另一区域多孔层的扫描电子显微镜图。
图5是多孔层的孔隙率结果图。
图6是多孔层的体密度结果图。
图7是多孔层的热重结果图。
图8是多孔层的Ca/P比结果图。
图9是致密层最大抗拉载荷图。
图10是双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料隔离及促骨再生效果图;其中:
S为支架材料(Scaffold),V为新生血管(Vessel),N为新生骨(New bone),M为隔离膜材料(Membrane),F为纤维组织(Fibrous tissue)。
附图标记为:
1-多孔层,2-致密层。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明的技术方案进行详细的描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施方式,都属于本发明所保护的范围。
实施例1
本发明提供一种双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)配制0.5%的胶原溶液100mL,称取15g自组装骨粉,进行充分混合,混合后装入准备好的模具中,预冻温度为-20℃,进行冷冻干燥,得到多孔层;
(2)配制2%(m/v)的胶原初原纤维溶液,静止放置4h。放入真空破壁机中充分搅拌(5档,20s),重复2遍,真空脱泡后倒入风干模具中,自然风干,得到致密层;
(3)配制2%浓度的胶原溶液,离心除气泡,将其作为粘合剂待用;
(4)将多孔层和致密层两种材料,用上述粘合剂进行粘合,具体为:用刷涂工具或设备将粘合剂均匀地涂敷在多孔层上,再将其放在已准备好的致密层,并按压固定,最后自然风干,得到预支架材料;
(5)将所述预支架材料用0.2%浓度的EDC/NHS乙醇溶液(乙醇溶液浓度为50%)进行交联4 h,然后加入碳酸氢钠(碳酸氢钠浓度为0.5%)继续交联2 h;
(6)将已交联好的样品,放入纯化水或注射用水中进行清洗,每2 h换水一次,清洗24 h,冷冻干燥,得到交联支架材料;
(7)将 VEGF 加入到浓度为1.5%的HepMA溶液中,VEGF的终浓度为500μg/mL。混合均匀后,用微量移液枪吸取适量的含有 VEGF 的光固化溶液滴加在交联支架材料中的多孔层上,用紫外灯进行照射30s,即得到双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料。
实施例2
本发明提供一种双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)配制2%的胶原溶液100mL,称取10gβ-磷酸三钙,进行充分混合,混合后装入准备好的模具中,预冻温度为-50℃,进行冷冻干燥,得到多孔层;
(2)配制3%(m/v)的胶原微纤维溶液,静止放置14h。放入真空破壁机中充分搅拌(5档,20s),重复2遍,真空脱泡后倒入风干模具中,自然风干,得到致密层;
(3)配制1%浓度的胶原溶液,离心除气泡,将其作为粘合剂待用;
(4)将多孔层和致密层两种材料,用上述粘合剂进行粘合,具体为:用刷涂工具或设备将粘合剂均匀地涂敷在多孔层上,再将其放在已准备好的致密层,并按压固定,最后自然风干,得到预支架材料;
(5)将所述预支架材料用1%浓度的EDC/NHS乙醇溶液(乙醇溶液浓度为80%)进行交联214 h,然后加入碳酸氢钠(碳酸氢钠浓度为0.5%)继续交联2 h;
(6)将已交联好的样品,放入纯化水或注射用水中进行清洗,每2 h换水一次,清洗48 h,冷冻干燥,得到交联支架材料;
(7)将 VEGF 加入到浓度为2%的GelMA溶液中,VEGF的终浓度为300μg/mL。混合均匀后,用微量移液枪吸取适量的含有 VEGF 的光固化溶液滴加在交联支架材料中的多孔层上,用紫外灯进行照射30s,即得到双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料。
实施例3
本发明提供一种双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)配制3%的胶原溶液100mL,称取20g羟基磷灰石粉,进行充分混合,混合后装入准备好的模具中,预冻温度为-80℃,进行冷冻干燥,得到多孔层;
(2)配制3%(m/v)的胶原纤维束溶液,静止放置24h。放入真空破壁机中充分搅拌(5档,20s),重复2遍,真空脱泡后倒入风干模具中,自然风干,得到致密层;
(3)配制1.5%浓度的胶原溶液,离心除气泡,将其作为粘合剂待用;
(4)将多孔层和致密层两种材料,用上述粘合剂进行粘合,具体为:用刷涂工具或设备将粘合剂均匀地涂敷在多孔层上,再将其放在已准备好的致密层,并按压固定,最后自然风干,得到预支架材料;
(5)将所述预支架材料用2%浓度的EDC/NHS乙醇溶液(乙醇溶液浓度为100%)进行交联24 h,然后加入碳酸氢钠(碳酸氢钠浓度为0.5%)继续交联2 h;
(6)将已交联好的样品,放入纯化水或注射用水中进行清洗,每2 h换水一次,清洗24 h,冷冻干燥,得到交联支架材料;
(7)将 VEGF 加入到浓度为1.5%的HAMA溶液中,VEGF的终浓度为100μg/mL。混合均匀后,用微量移液枪吸取适量的含有 VEGF 的光固化溶液滴加在交联支架材料中的多孔层上,用紫外灯进行照射30s,即得到双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料。
检测例
以实施例1所得双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料为检测对象,图1为双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料的扫描电子显微镜图,其中1为多孔层,2为致密层。
图2为多孔层的局部放大图,图3为致密层的局部放大图。
由图1至图5可看出:本发明成功设计了一种双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料。第一层为致密层,为胶原聚集体制备的高强度柔韧膜,具有隔离软组织的作用。第二层为多孔矿化胶原层,与致密层紧密相连,利用矿化的胶原材料并缓释VEGF制备多孔材料,为诱导骨再生和血管再生建立恰当的微环境。
另外,对多孔层进行更细致地表征,图4为多孔层另一区域的扫描电子显微镜图,由图4可知,其孔径尺寸为50~300μm。多孔层的孔隙率结果如图5所示,孔隙率约为95.6±2.07%。多孔层的体密度结果如图6所示,体密度为0.13±0.01g/cm3。
图7是多孔层的热重结果图,由图7可知,热重为68.25%。
图8是多孔层的Ca/P比结果图,由图8可知,Ca/P为1.95。
图9是致密层最大抗拉载荷图,由图9可知,致密层的最大载荷为35N。
图10是双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料隔离及促骨再生效果图,由图10可知相比于纯胶原组,在4周时,双层支架内部有明显的新生血管存在,新骨已遍布支架的内部,并且没有发现软组织的入侵。在16周时,新生的、染色更深的骨性结构更加丰富,致密层膜结构依然存在,为骨的再生和重塑创造良好的骨微环境。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (8)
1.一种双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为:
(1)配制胶原溶液,并加入骨材料充分混合后预冻,得到多孔层;
(2)配制胶原聚集体溶液,并依次静置、真空脱泡、干燥,得到致密层;
(3)将所述多孔层与所述致密层进行粘结,得到预支架材料;
(4)将所述预支架材料进行交联,清洗干燥后得到交联支架材料;
(5)将血管内皮生长因子与光固化试剂溶液混合,得到混合液;
(6)将所述混合液移至所述交联支架材料的多孔层表面,紫外光固化后即得所述双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,配制浓度为0.2~5%的胶原溶液,并加入骨材料,充分混合后在-80~-20℃条件下预冻干燥,得到多孔层;
和/或,所述胶原溶液为I型或III型胶原溶液;
和/或,所述骨材料为自组装骨、羟基磷灰石、β-磷酸三钙或珊瑚骨中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,配制浓度为0.5~10%的胶原聚集体溶液,静止放置4~24h后在真空条件下搅拌并脱气泡,然后转移至模具中风干,得到致密层;
和/或,所述胶原聚集体溶液为I型或III型胶原聚集体溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,配制浓度为1~2%的胶原溶液,得到粘结剂;采用所述粘结剂将所述多孔层与所述致密层进行粘结,待干燥后,得到预支架材料。
5.根据权利要求1所述双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,将所述预支架材料浸入EDC/NHS的乙醇溶液,进行交联4~48h,然后调节pH至7~9,继续交联2~6h,再将交联完成的样品依次清洗、干燥,得到交联支架材料;
和/或,所述EDC/NHS的浓度为0.2~2%;
和/或,所述乙醇溶液的浓度为50~100%;
和/或,所述清洗时间为24~72h,且每1~2h换水清洗。
6.根据权利要求1所述双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,将血管内皮生长因子与浓度为1~3%的光固化试剂溶液混合,得到混合液;
和/或,所述光固化试剂为甲基丙烯酰化肝素、甲基丙烯酰化明胶或甲基丙烯酰化透明质酸中的一种;
和/或,在所述混合溶液中,所述血管内皮生长因子的浓度为100~500μg/mL。
7.根据权利要求1所述双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中,将所述混合液移至所述交联支架材料的多孔层,紫外光固化10~60s,即得所述双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料。
8.权利要求1~7任一项所述制备方法得到的双层胶原聚集体骨修复支架材料,其特征在于,包括依次相邻的致密层和多孔层;其中:
所述致密层的最大载荷为35N;
所述多孔层的孔径为50~300μm,孔隙率大于70%,体密度为0.05~0.3g/cm3,Ca/P为1.65~2.25,热重为45~75%。
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