CN117460658A - Monitoring electrical signals between an ETCS line-side electrical unit and its track-side transponder in a railway environment - Google Patents
Monitoring electrical signals between an ETCS line-side electrical unit and its track-side transponder in a railway environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN117460658A CN117460658A CN202280041425.XA CN202280041425A CN117460658A CN 117460658 A CN117460658 A CN 117460658A CN 202280041425 A CN202280041425 A CN 202280041425A CN 117460658 A CN117460658 A CN 117460658A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
- B61L3/02—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
- B61L3/08—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
- B61L3/12—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/50—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades
- B61L27/53—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades for trackside elements or systems, e.g. trackside supervision of trackside control system conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/20—Trackside control of safe travel of vehicle or train, e.g. braking curve calculation
- B61L2027/202—Trackside control of safe travel of vehicle or train, e.g. braking curve calculation using European Train Control System [ETCS]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to monitoring an electrical signal (10) in a cable (90) between an electrical unit (91) and a transponder (92) in a railway installation (9). -copying the first (11) and second (12) portions of the electrical signal (10) and analysing their copies (21, 22) to determine a process output (55) based on: the telegram signal (111) of the first part (11), and/or the sinusoidal signal (116) of the first part (11), and/or the telegram signal (121) of the second part (12), and/or the sinusoidal signal (126) of the second part (12).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to monitoring electrical signals in cables between electrical units and transponders in railway facilities within the framework of european train control systems (European Train Control System, ETCS).
Background
The European Train Control System (ETCS) class 1 involves a cable connection between an electrical unit, referred to as the LEU of the line side electrical unit (Lineside Electrical Unit), and a transponder. The connection is used to transmit a status of a lateral signal (such as a traffic light) from the track to the train. This is part of an automatic track-to-train information transmission received by an on-board importance computer (european importance computer (EVC)).
The electrical unit is connected to a traffic light. Each active lamp is detected by an electrical unit which sends a telegram signal to the transponder via a cable. The transponder forwards the telegram to the train using an inductively coupled Radio Frequency (RF) channel (referred to as interface 'A1').
The cable interface between the LEU and the transponder is commonly referred to as interface 'C' and is denoted by I/F C. The electrical signal transmitted by the C interface comprises two additively mixed signals, called signal C6 and signal C1. Signal C6 is a sinusoidal signal at f=8.82 kHz. Signal C1 is a telegram signal. More specifically, the signal C1 is a manchester-like encoded differential data signal. The signal C1 comprises digital information. Signal C1 typically conveys 341 bits or 1023 bits of uninterrupted looping at a data rate of 564.48 kbit/s. The signal C (t) in the cable is an additive mix of both C1 (t) and C6 (t): c (t) =c1 (t) +c6 (t).
Document EP3067246 relates to a device and a method for monitoring the operability of a signal connection between an LEU and a transponder. A problem with this known method is that it requires the injection of a monitoring signal in the cable.
Document CN108132433B describes a monitoring board signal extraction circuit of the LEU. The extraction circuit comprises a C-interface voltage interface, a C-interface current interface, a C-interface voltage processing circuit and a C-interface current processing circuit.
Document DE19708518A1 describes a method for locating defect locations in a conductive loop. The method involves introducing a first electrical test signal and a second electrical test signal into both ends of the conductive loop. Two signal detectors are used to extract these signals at two different points in the circuit. A measurement signal corresponding to the difference between the signals detected by the two detectors is generated. The extraction points of either or both detectors are lengthened such that the length of the portion of the conductive loop between the two extraction points is changed.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to monitor and assist in maintaining railway facilities.
The invention thus relates to a process for monitoring an electrical signal in a cable between an electrical unit and a transponder in a railway installation; the electrical signal includes a first portion including a first telegram signal and a first sinusoidal signal and a second portion including a second telegram signal and a second sinusoidal signal; the process comprises the following steps:
a bidirectional coupler that extracts a copy of a first portion of the electrical signal and a copy of a second portion of the electrical signal, the bidirectional coupler comprising a first port connected to the electrical unit by a cable, the copy of the first portion being a time-varying voltage and being obtained at a third port of the bidirectional coupler, and a second port connected to the transponder by a cable, the copy of the second portion being another time-varying voltage and being obtained at a fourth port of the bidirectional coupler;
a signal processing unit connected to the third port and the fourth port of the bi-directional coupler analyzes the copies of the first portion and the second portion based on at least one of the following to determine a process output associated with the railway facility:
o a first telegram signal;
o a first sinusoidal signal;
o a second telegram signal; or alternatively
And o a second sinusoidal signal.
The present invention replicates telegram signals (C1) and sinusoidal signals (C6) of the first and second portions of the electrical signal and uses any one or a combination of several of them to generate a process output associated with the railroad facility, thereby indicating a possible problem in the railroad facility. If the process output is above a threshold or different from the reference data, an alarm may be triggered. Thus, there is no need to inject any signal into the cable.
To extract a copy of the first portion and a copy of the second portion of the electrical signal, the bi-directional coupler uses the voltage measurements. It does not measure any current. Its output at the third and fourth ports is a time-varying voltage.
Within the framework of the invention it is not necessary to use information from both telegram signals (from the first part and/or the second part of the electrical signal) and sinusoidal signals (from the first part and/or the second part of the electrical signal), but it is preferred because it improves the monitoring.
Within the framework of the invention, the use of information from the first part (telegram and/or sine) and the second part (telegram and/or sine) is not necessary, but it is preferred because it improves the monitoring.
The relationship between the first and second portions of the electrical signal reflects the condition of the circuit between the bi-directional coupler and the transponder.
The process according to the invention is operated continuously. For example, it may run continuously for a week.
A two-way coupler at a fixed location along the cable is sufficient to obtain these copies. Multiple probes are not required on the cable. The bi-directional coupler is preferably unpowered.
The electrical signal has a forward direction from the electrical unit to the transponder and a reverse direction from the transponder to the electrical unit. The first part of the electrical signal may be regarded as a power wave transmitted from the electrical unit to the transponder. The power wave may be referred to as a "forward signal" or an "incident power wave". The second part of the electrical signal may be regarded as a power wave from the transponder to the electrical unit. The power wave may be referred to as an "inverted signal" or "reflected power wave". Those skilled in the art are familiar with the concept of power waves, for example, because of the article "power waves and scattering matrices" published by K.Kurokawa in 1965, volume 13, phase 2 of the journal of IEEE microwave theory and technology, "the arc" Power Waves and the Scattering Matrix "from K.Kurokawa, published in IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, volume 13, issue 2, 1965.
The bi-directional coupler is plugged onto the cable in such a way that: the cable from the electrical unit is connected to a first port of the bi-directional coupler and the cable from the transponder is connected to a second port of the bi-directional coupler. The bi-directional coupler is characterized by a coupling coefficient. The bi-directional coupler may be referred to as a "bi-directional RF coupler". The first port may also be referred to as an input port and the second port may also be referred to as an output port. The third port (which may also be referred to as a coupled port or a forward coupled port) provides a copy of the first portion of the electrical signal. The replica of the first portion is the product of the incident power wave times the coupling coefficient of the bi-directional coupler. The fourth port (which may also be referred to as an isolated port or a reverse-coupled port) provides a copy of the second portion of the electrical signal. The replica of the second portion is the product of the reflected power wave times the coupling coefficient of the bi-directional coupler. This is due to the inherent nature of the bi-directional coupler.
The copy of the first portion of the electrical signal provided at the third port is a time-varying voltage. This voltage may be referred to as a "first extraction signal" or "first voltage". The replica of the second portion of the electrical signal provided at the fourth port is a time-varying voltage that is different from the replica of the first portion of the electrical signal. This voltage may be referred to as a "second extraction signal" or "second voltage".
The electrical unit may be referred to as a "line side electronics unit" or LEU. The electrical unit is typically part of the European Train Control System (ETCS).
The cable may be referred to as "interface C". The cable preferably includes a pair of conductors (e.g., copper) for transmitting differential electrical signals. The cable may have a constant characteristic impedance and behave like a transmission line.
In some embodiments, the computer unit may include logic to be executed by: a processor, a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), a digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), etc., or any combination thereof, and the computing unit may include discrete digital circuit elements or electronics, or discrete analog circuit elements or electronics, or a combination thereof.
Bi-directional couplers are electronic devices known to those skilled in the art. The bi-directional coupler has four ports: an input port, an output port, a forward coupled port, and a reverse coupled port. The signal passing from the input port to the output port is replicated at the forward coupled port as a time varying voltage. The signal passing from the output port to the input port is replicated at the back-coupled port as a time-varying voltage.
In an embodiment of the invention, the process output is based on detection of a lack of at least one of:
a first telegram signal;
a first sinusoidal signal;
a second telegram signal; or alternatively
A second sinusoidal signal.
In fact, if there is no telegram signal in the first part of the electrical signal, there is also no telegram signal in the second part (and so on for sinusoidal signals). In any event, the absence of any of these four signals in the cable indicates a problem with the railway facility. The process output preferably indicates the one or more deletions.
In an embodiment of the invention, the processing output is based on a phase difference between the second telegram signal and the first telegram signal, and/or a phase difference between the second sinusoidal signal and the first sinusoidal signal. The phase difference of the telegram signals or the phase difference of the sinusoidal signals provides information about the state of the cable, the electrical unit and/or the transponder.
In an embodiment of the invention, the process output is based on at least one of:
the amplitude of the first telegram signal;
the amplitude of the first sinusoidal signal;
the amplitude of the second telegram signal; or alternatively
The amplitude of the second sinusoidal signal.
The amplitude provides information about the status of the cable, the electrical unit and/or the transponder. For example, for telegram signals and/or sinusoidal signals, a magnitude of the first portion of the electrical signal that is at least ten times higher than a magnitude of the second portion of the electrical signal is typically indicative of a normal condition of the railroad facility. For telegram signals and/or sinusoidal signals, a higher amplitude of the second portion of the electrical signal than one tenth of the amplitude of the first portion of the electrical signal indicates that a problem (e.g., an open circuit or a short circuit) may exist in the rail installation. An increase in the amplitude of the second telegram signal and/or the second sinusoidal signal indicates that a problem may exist in the railway installation.
In an embodiment of the invention, the process output is based on at least one of:
the data rate of the bits of the first telegram signal;
the frequency of the first sinusoidal signal;
the data rate of the bits of the second telegram signal; or alternatively
The frequency of the second sinusoidal signal.
The reference value for the data rate of both the telegram signal of the first part and the telegram signal of the second part is 564.48 kbit/s. The frequency reference value of the sinusoidal signal of the first part and the sinusoidal signal of the second part are both 8.82kHz. Deviations above a threshold value (e.g., 5%) from the reference value indicate that there may be a problem in the railway facility.
In an embodiment of the invention, the process output is based on the digital content of the first telegram signal and/or the digital content of the second telegram signal. Digital content refers to a sequence of bits (0 or 1) in a telegram signal in the first part and/or in the second part.
In an embodiment of the invention, the process output is based on a comparison with reference data to identify problems in the railway facility.
In an embodiment of the invention, the process includes a time stamp of the process output and a storage of the process output in memory.
In an embodiment of the invention, the process includes transmission of process outputs from a device disposed along the railway facility and including a bi-directional coupler and a signal processing unit to a remote receiver. The transmission may be over the internet and/or may be wireless. The receiver may be located, for example, in a portable device of a security operator, in a server and/or in a facility of a rail company.
The invention also relates to a system for monitoring an electrical signal in a cable between an electrical unit and a transponder in a railway installation; the electrical signal includes a first portion including a first telegram signal and a first sinusoidal signal and a second portion including a second telegram signal and a second sinusoidal signal; the system comprises:
-a bi-directional coupler comprising a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port, the first port being connected to the electrical unit by a cable, the second port being connected to the transponder by a cable; and
-a signal processing unit connected to the third and fourth ports of the bi-directional coupler
The bi-directional coupler is such that a copy of the first portion of the electrical signal is provided at the third port and a copy of the second portion of the electrical signal is provided at the fourth port.
The signal processing unit is configured to analyze the copy of the first portion of the electrical signal and the copy of the second portion of the electrical signal to determine a process output associated with the railway facility using at least one of: a first telegram signal, a first sinusoidal signal, a second telegram signal or a second sinusoidal signal.
The system is preferably mounted in a fixed location.
In an embodiment of the invention, the bi-directional coupler provides electrical isolation between the cable and the analyzer.
In embodiments of the present invention, the bi-directional coupler cannot inject any signal into the cable.
In an embodiment of the invention, all components of the bi-directional coupler are passive. The bi-directional coupler may include a capacitor, a resistor, an inductor, a transformer. For example, the bi-directional coupler does not include any transistors or active devices.
In an embodiment of the invention, the signal processing unit comprises at least one of the following:
a combination of a low pass filter configured to determine a first sinusoidal signal of the first part from a copy of the first part and a signal limiter configured to clip the first sinusoidal signal;
a combination of a high pass filter configured to determine a first telegram signal from a copy of the first part and a signal limiter configured to clip the first telegram signal;
a combination of a low pass filter configured to determine a second sinusoidal signal from a copy of the second portion and a signal limiter configured to limit the second sinusoidal signal; or alternatively
A combination of a high pass filter configured to determine a second telegram signal from a copy of the second part and a signal limiter configured to clip the second telegram signal.
Each filter selects a desired portion of the electrical signal that is cleaned by a subsequent limiter.
The invention also relates to a device arranged along a railway, the device comprising a system according to any embodiment and an electrical unit, the device being configured to be arranged along a railway installation.
Drawings
For a better understanding of the invention, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which:
figure 1 is a schematic representation of a railway installation,
figure 2 is a schematic representation of a system according to an embodiment of the invention,
figure 3 is a typical schematic representation of a bi-directional coupler that may be used in embodiments of the present invention,
figure 4 is a flow chart of a process according to an embodiment of the invention,
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a bi-directional coupler that may be used in embodiments of the present invention, an
Figure 6 is a schematic representation of an analyzer that may be used in embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described with respect to particular embodiments and with reference to certain drawings but the invention is not limited thereto. The described functions are not limited to the described structures. The drawings described are only schematic and are non-limiting. In the drawings, the size of some of the elements may be exaggerated and not drawn on scale for illustrative purposes.
Furthermore, the terms first, second, third and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. Where appropriate, these terms are interchangeable, and embodiments of the invention can operate in other sequences than described or illustrated herein.
The same or similar elements may be denoted by the same numerals in the various drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a railway installation 9 comprising a railway 93, line-side signalling 98, cables 90, an electrical unit 91 and transponders 92. A cable 90 is provided along a railway 93 and connects an electrical unit 91 with a transponder 92. The cable 90 is intended for use in, for example, a class 1 European Train Control System (ETCS). The electrical unit 91 is connected to a line-side signaling device 98, such as a traffic light. The transponder 92 is capable of transmitting information to a train computer 95, commonly referred to as a european importance computer (European Vital Computer, EVC), in a train 94 on the railway 93.
The system 1 according to the invention is preferably arranged in the same housing as the electrical unit 91 in an apparatus 99 arranged along the railway installation 9.
Fig. 2 shows a system 1 according to an embodiment of the invention. The system 1 includes at least one bi-directional coupler 20, each bi-directional coupler 20 being electrically and mechanically coupled to one cable 90. In the embodiment of fig. 2, each bi-directional coupler 20 is part of a probe 200 that is electrically and mechanically coupled to two cables 90. The bi-directional coupler 20 may be referred to as a "passive and isolated probe". The bi-directional coupler 20 is a pass-through device and is intended not to interfere with the transmission of signals in the cable 90.
The system 1 further comprises a signal processing unit 80 comprising at least one analyzer 30, which is preferably connected to the at least one bi-directional coupler 20 via a connection 29. In the embodiment of fig. 2, each analyzer 30 is connected to two probes 200. If the analyzer 30 is connected to several bi-directional couplers 20, a cyclic multiplexing method may be used to complete the analysis performed by the analyzer 30.
The data transfer between the bi-directional coupler 20 and the analyzer 30 is preferably unidirectional: no data is transferred from the analyzer 30 to the bi-directional coupler 20. The analyzer 30 is preferably analog and digital electronics.
The signal processing unit 80 further comprises at least one processing unit 40, which is preferably connected to the at least one analyzer 30 via a connection (universal serial bus (USB), serial connection or Local Area Network (LAN)/ethernet). The processing unit 40 preferably comprises a computing unit 41 and a memory 42.
The system 1 may further comprise a transmission means 50, such as a modem, for wirelessly connecting the processing unit 40 to the internet 60.
Fig. 3 very schematically shows a bi-directional coupler 20. The bi-directional coupler includes four ports. The third port 223 outputs a copy of the power wave entering the first port 121, i.e. the copy 21 of the first portion 11 of the electrical signal 10. The fourth port 224 outputs a copy of the power wave that enters the second port 222, i.e., the copy 22 of the second portion 12 of the electrical signal 10. The signal processing unit 80 is connected to a third port 223 and a fourth port 224.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a process 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. The electrical signal 10 is present in a cable 90 between an electrical unit 91 and a transponder 92. The electrical signal 10 comprises a first portion 11 and a second portion 12, the first portion 11 comprising a first telegram signal 111 and a first sinusoidal signal 116, the second portion 12 comprising a second telegram signal 121 and a second sinusoidal signal 126.
The bi-directional coupler 20 connected to the cable 90 extracts the copy 21 of the first portion 11 and the copy 22 of the second portion 12 and passes them as bi-directional coupler output 25 to the analyzer 30.
Fig. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of the bi-directional coupler 20 coupled to a cable 90, the cable 90 comprising two conductors 90a, 90b. The signal power 10 flows through the bi-directional coupler 20 in two wires 90a, 90b between the electrical unit 91 and the transponder 92. The exemplary embodiment of bi-directional coupler 20 includes four transformers and two resistors:
tr1 is N:1, a transformer;
tr2 is 1: an N transformer;
tr3 and Tr4 are 1:1, a transformer;
r1 and R2 are equal value resistors. The values of these resistors are preferably equal to the characteristic impedance of the cable 90 considered to be a transmission line. Typically, this value is set to 120Ω.
For the bi-directional coupler 20 shown in fig. 5, referred to as a series matched RF coupler, the coupling coefficient in decibels (dB) is given by:
for a sufficiently large N, for example for N.gtoreq.10, the coupling coefficient is approximately given by:
CPL≈20·log 10 (N)。
for n=10, the coupling factor is about 20dB.
For example, N may be equal to 10.Tr3 and Tr4 provide electrical isolation between the cable 90 and the analyzer 30. Preferably, the bi-directional coupler 20 comprises only passive electronic components. Preferably, the bi-directional coupler 20 is not powered except by the cable 90.
The connection 29 between the bi-directional coupler 20 and the analyzer 30 preferably comprises four wires: two conductors 29a, 29b for the copy 21 of the first portion 11 of the electrical signal 10 and two conductors 29c, 29d for the copy 22 of the second portion 12 of the electrical signal 10. The bi-directional coupler 20 sends an electrical signal 10C to the analyzer 30 Forward direction A copy 21 of the first portion 11 of (t) and an electrical signal 10C Forward direction Copies 22 of the second portion 12 of (t), which are time-varying voltages.
Many other embodiments of the bi-directional coupler 20 are possible within the framework of the present invention.
Referring back to the process of fig. 4, the signal processing unit 80 receives the copy 21 of the first portion 11 and the copy 22 of the second portion 12 and the analyzer 30 analyzes them to determine the measurement output 35. The analysis performed by the analyzer 30 preferably includes a determination of at least one of:
a first telegram signal 111;
a first sinusoidal signal 116;
a second telegram signal 121; or alternatively
A second sinusoidal signal 126.
The measurement output 35 is based on one or several of these signals 111, 116, 121, 126. Preferably, one or several of these signals 111, 116, 121, 126 may be included in the measurement output 35, or may form the measurement output 35.
Fig. 6 shows a possible structure of the analyzer 30. If the analyzer 30 is connected to several bi-directional couplers 20, the blocks (except blocks 230, 240) may be duplicated. The analysis may include data analog filtering, signal reconditioning, analog envelope detection, digital decoding, and data recording.
To determine the signals 111, 116, 121, 126:
applying a low pass filter 211 on the copy 21 of the first portion 11 to determine the first sinusoidal signal 116;
applying a high pass filter 212 on the copy 21 of the first portion 11 to determine the first telegram signal 111;
applying a low pass filter 221 on the copy 22 of the second portion 12 to determine a second sinusoidal signal 126; and
a high pass filter 222 is applied to the copy 22 of the second portion 12 to determine the second telegram signal 111.
The low pass filter 211 extracts the first sinusoidal signal 116, which is expected to be a pure sine wave of 8.82kHz. The same applies to the second sinusoidal signal 126. The low pass filters 211, 221 may be of any type. Their purpose is to suppress the C1 signal starting at 564.48 kHz. An example is a Butterworth (Butterworth) low-pass filter of order n=8, where the 3dB cut-off frequency is 10kHz.
The high pass filter 212 removes C6 and extracts only the first telegram signal 111. The same applies to the second telegram signal 121. Preferably, the C6 suppression is greater than 60dB. An example is butterworth of order n=8, where the 3dB cut-off frequency is 100kHz.
The analyzer 30 may comprise four envelope detectors 213, 216, 223, 226. The envelope detectors 213, 223 are AC signal envelope detectors configured to determine the amplitude of the C6 extracted component, i.e. for 213 the amplitude V of the first sinusoidal signal 116 Forward direction 6 And is the amplitude V of the second sinusoidal signal 126 for 223 Reverse 6 | a. The invention relates to a method for producing a fibre-reinforced plastic composite. The envelope detectors 216, 226 are AC signal envelope detectors configured to determine the amplitude of the C1 extracted component, i.e. for 216 the amplitude V of the first telegram signal 111 Forward direction 1 And is the amplitude |v of the second telegram signal 121 for 226 Reverse 1 | a. The invention relates to a method for producing a fibre-reinforced plastic composite. The envelope detectors 213, 216, 223, 226 are preferably linear with respect to the input signal amplitude.
The analyzer 30 may include four signal limiters 214, 215, 224, 225. They are signal shapers based on analog comparators. They are configured to convert an analog AC signal to a TTL/CMOS) level square wave signal, with rising/falling edges corresponding to negative-to-positive and positive-to-negative conversions of the signal, respectively. The signal limiters 214, 215, 224, 225 make it possible to eliminate possible DC offset and/or possible distortion of the signal. The outputs of the signal limiters 215, 225 (i.e., for C1) are Differential Bi-Phase Level (DBPL) codes.
The analyzer 30 may include four analog-to-digital converters 217, 218, 227, 228 that combine 0 and V provided by the envelope detector Maximum value The analog signals in between are converted to digital quantized representations to be processed by FPGA 230 and CPU 240. The four analog-to-digital converters 217, 218, 227, 228 preferably have a vertical resolution of at least 12 bits.
Analyzer 30 may include FPGA 230.
The FPGA 230 may determine the frequency of the first sinusoidal signal 116 by measuring the frequency of the signal provided by the signal limiter 214. The FPGA 230 may determine the frequency of the second sinusoidal signal 126 by measuring the frequency of the signal provided by the signal limiter 224.
The FPGA 230 may determine the phase difference between the second sinusoidal signal 126 and the first sinusoidal signal 116 from the outputs of the signal limiters 214 and 224The FPGA 230 can determine the phase difference between the second telegram signal 121 and the first telegram signal 111 from the outputs of the signal limiters 215 and 225>
FPGA 230 can decode the output of signal slicer 215 to extract the digital content of telegram signal 111 of first portion 11. FPGA 230 may decode the output of signal slicer 225 to extract the digital content of telegram signal 121 of second portion 11.
The FPGA 230 can determine the data rate of the bits of the first telegram signal 111 from the output of the signal limiter 215. The FPGA 230 may determine the data rate of the bits of the second telegram signal 121 from the output of the signal limiter 225.
FPGA 230 may determine the analog level of any of the four signals 111, 116, 121, 126 after analog-to-digital conversion.
The analyzer 30 may include a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 240 that gathers data output by the FPGA 230 and prepares them for recording and transmission.
The analyzer 30 preferably sends the measurement output 35 (both analog and digital) continuously to the processing unit 40. Process output 55 may be determined by processing unit 40 or may be formed by at least a portion of measurement output 35.
The processing unit 40 may store the measurement output 35 in its memory 42 5 and/or further process it to determine a process output 55. Processing unit 40 may provide process output 55 to transmission device 50 (fig. 2) for transmission external to apparatus 99 (fig. 22), to a remote receiver, such as to a server including a database.
The analyzer 30 and/or the processing unit 40 may also evaluate the actual presence of at least one of the four signals 111, 116, 121, 126 and thus evaluate the absence of at least one of the four signals 111, 116, 121, 126.
The signal processing unit 80 may determine the phasors of the four signals 111, 116, 121, 126 according to the following equation:
V forward direction 6 ＝|V Forward direction 6 |
V Forward direction 1 ＝|V Forward direction 1 |
The input voltage of the bi-directional coupler 20 shown in fig. 5 (input voltage between 90a and 90b on the side facing the electrical unit 91 (i.e. at the first port 121) can be determined as:
phasor V Forward direction 6 And V Reverse 6 Relationship between, and phasor V Forward direction 1 And V Reverse 1 The relationship between reflects the circuit condition between the bi-directional coupler 20 and the transponder 92:
if the circuit is open:
and->
If the circuit is shorted:
V reverse 6 ＝V Forward direction 6 And V is Reverse 1 ＝V Forward direction 1
If the circuit matches:
and->
When the circuits are matched, the Reverse (REV) voltage is very small, almost zero (since N is generally considered to be greater than 10). In the terminology of a bi-directional coupler, this corresponds to such a circuit: in the circuit, all energy is transferred to the load without reflection (REV voltage is zero). When the circuit is open, the REV voltage is very high and of almost equal magnitude, but opposite phase (since N is typically greater than 10). When the circuit is shorted, the REV voltage is higher, equal to the Forward (FWD) voltage in amplitude and phase. In other words, a high REV voltage corresponds to energy reflection and open/short circuit conditions. A low and almost zero REV voltage corresponds to a well-matched circuit.
From these formulas it is clear how the amplitude and/or phase can be used to measure the voltage and current at the output on the side of the electrical unit 92 to detect an open/short cable fault and use this information to generate a process output 55 relating to the railway installation 9.
The processing unit 40 may compare the measured data (preferably the measured output 35 or data extracted therefrom) with the reference data 45 to detect deviations from the expected nominal range or value, thereby identifying problems in the railway facility 9. The reference data 45 comprises an expected value or an expected sequence and, for example, if the comparison indicates that the difference is above a threshold, the process output 55 indicates which measurement data may be problematic, preferably the measurement data and its expected value. For example, if the measurement data is a bit sequence provided by the digital content of the first telegram signal 111, it may be compared with an expected sequence (reference data) and the process output 55 may indicate the sequence as expected or may indicate the measurement sequence and the expected sequence.
The processing unit 40 may also determine an offset of at least one measurement data of the measurement output 35.
The processing unit 40 may analyze the digital content of the first telegram signal 111 and/or the digital content of the second telegram signal 121 to detect, for example, the following problems:
(a) Non-transient regional release;
(b) Non-permanent region release;
(c) Problems in line side signaling (e.g., a faulty lamp in a traffic light);
(d) Extinguishing the traffic light;
(e) A non-operating switch (e.g., forgotten after operating on the railway);
(f) The problem of controlling the interlocking by a line side signal device;
(g) Problems with the train are detected by the track circuit and/or axle counter.
Process output 55 relates to a railway facility 99. The process output 55 may include a time stamp corresponding to the time when it was determined. Process output 55 may be a message displayed on equipment 99 and/or sent by transmission device 50 and/or stored in memory 42. For example, it may be an alarm message and/or a warning message. The message may be sent only if the comparison with the reference data 45 indicates a deviation from the nominal range.
The process output 55 contains information about at least one of the following, e.g., explicit information:
absence of at least one of the four signals 111, 116, 121, 126;
phase differenceAnd/or +.>
The amplitude of at least one of the four signals 111, 116, 121, 126;
the data rate of the bits of the first telegram signal 111 or the second telegram signal 121;
the frequency of the first sinusoidal signal 116 or the second sinusoidal signal 126;
digital content of the first telegram signal 111 or the second telegram signal 121;
open, short or match condition; or alternatively
One or several of the above problems (a) to (g).
In other words, the invention relates to monitoring the electrical signal 10 in the cable 90 between the electrical unit 91 and the transponder 92 in the railway installation 9. The first portion 11 and the second portion 12 of the electrical signal 10 are duplicated and their duplicates 21, 22 are analyzed to determine the process output 55 based on the telegram signal 111 of the first portion 11 and/or the sinusoidal signal 116 of the first portion 11 and/or the telegram signal 121 of the second portion 12 and/or the sinusoidal signal 126 of the second portion 12.
Although the invention has been described above with respect to specific embodiments, it will be readily appreciated that other embodiments are possible.
Claims (15)
1. A process (100) for monitoring an electrical signal (10) in a cable (90) between an electrical unit (91) and a transponder (92) in a railway installation (9); the electrical signal (10) comprises a first portion (11) and a second portion (12), the first portion (11) comprising a first telegram signal (111) and a first sinusoidal signal (116), the second portion (12) comprising a second telegram signal (121) and a second sinusoidal signal (126); the process (100) comprises the steps of:
-a bi-directional coupler (20) extracting a copy (21) of the first portion (11) of the electrical signal (10) and a copy (22) of the second portion (12) of the electrical signal (10), the bi-directional coupler comprising a first port (121) connected to the electrical unit (91) through the cable (90) and a second port (222) connected to the transponder (92) through the cable (90), the copy (21) of the first portion (11) of the electrical signal (10) being a voltage that varies over time and being obtained at a third port (223) of the bi-directional coupler (20), the copy (22) of the second portion (12) of the electrical signal (10) being another voltage that varies over time and being obtained at a fourth port (224) of the bi-directional coupler (20);
-a signal processing unit (80) connected to the third port (223) and the fourth port (224) of the bi-directional coupler (20) analyzing the copy (21) of the first part (11) and the copy (22) of the second part (12) based on at least one of the following to determine a process output (55) related to the railway installation (9):
o said first telegram signal (111),
o said first sinusoidal signal (116),
o said second telegram signal (121), or
o said second sinusoidal signal (126).
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the process output (55) is based on detection of a lack of at least one of:
-said first telegram signal (111);
-said first sinusoidal signal (116);
-said second telegram signal (121); or alternatively
-said second sinusoidal signal (126).
3. The process of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the process output (55) is based on:
-phase difference between the second telegram signal (121) and the first telegram signal (111)And/or
-phase difference between the second sinusoidal signal (126) and the first sinusoidal signal (116)
4. The process of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the process output (55) is based on at least one of:
the amplitude (|V) of the first telegram signal (111) Forward direction 1 |)；
-amplitude (|v) of the first sinusoidal signal (116) Forward direction 6 |)；
The amplitude (|V) of the second telegram signal (121) Reverse 1 |) is provided; or alternatively
-amplitude (|v) of the second sinusoidal signal (126) Reverse 6 |)。
5. The process of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the process output (55) is based on at least one of:
-a data rate of bits of the first telegram signal (111);
-the frequency of the first sinusoidal signal (116);
-a data rate of bits of the second telegram signal (121); or alternatively
-the frequency (126) of the second sinusoidal signal.
6. The process of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the process output (55) is based on:
-digital content of the first telegram signal (111); and/or
-digital content of the second telegram signal (121).
7. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the process output (55) is based on a comparison with reference data (45) to identify problems in the railway installation (9).
8. The process according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a time stamp of a process output (55) and a storage of the process output (55) in a memory (42).
9. Process according to any of the preceding claims, comprising transmission of the process output (55) from a device (99) arranged along the railway installation (9) and comprising the bi-directional coupler (20) and the signal processing unit (80) to a remote receiver.
10. A system (1) for monitoring an electrical signal (10) in a cable (90) between an electrical unit (91) and a transponder (92) in a railway installation (9), the electrical signal (10) comprising a first portion (11) and a second portion (12), the first portion (11) comprising a first telegram signal (111) and a first sinusoidal signal (116), the second portion (12) comprising a second telegram signal (121) and a second sinusoidal signal (126); the system (1) comprises:
-a bi-directional coupler (20) comprising a first port (121), a second port (222), a third port (223) and a fourth port (224), the first port being connected to the electrical unit (91) by the cable (90), the second port being connected to the transponder (92) by the cable (90); and
-a signal processing unit (80) connected to the third port (223) and the fourth port (224) of the bi-directional coupler (20).
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the bi-directional coupler (20) provides electrical isolation between the cable (90) and the signal processing unit (80).
12. The system according to any one of claims 10 to 11, wherein the bi-directional coupler (20) is incapable of injecting any signal in the cable (90).
13. The system according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein all components of the bi-directional coupler (20) are passive.
14. The system according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the signal processing unit (80) comprises at least one of:
a combination of the following:
low pass filter (211, 221)
-signal limiter (214, 224);
a combination of the following:
high pass filter (212, 222)
-signal limiter (215, 225).
15. An apparatus (99) arranged along a railway (93) comprising a system according to any one of claims 10 to 14, and an electrical unit (91).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21179687.5A EP4105099A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2021-06-16 | Monitoring the electrical signal between an etcs lineside electrical unit and its trackside balise in a railway environment |
| EP21179687.5 | 2021-06-16 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/065672 WO2022263281A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2022-06-09 | Monitoring the electrical signal between an etcs lineside electrical unit and its trackside balise in a railway environment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117460658A true CN117460658A (en) | 2024-01-26 |
Family
ID=76483189
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202280041425.XA Pending CN117460658A (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2022-06-09 | Monitoring electrical signals between an ETCS line-side electrical unit and its track-side transponder in a railway environment |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP4105099A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20240021792A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN117460658A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2022295024A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022263281A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19708518C2 (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 1999-05-27 | Signal Concept Gmbh | Method and device for finding a defect in a conductor loop |
| FR2938229B1 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-12-24 | Alstom Transport Sa | ANOMALY DETECTION DEVICE FOR A SUPERVISION INSTALLATION OF A RAIL VEHICLE, ASSOCIATED INSTALLATION AND METHOD |
| PT3067246T (en) | 2015-03-09 | 2019-11-04 | Bombardier Transp Gmbh | A device and a method for monitoring the operability of a signal connection |
| CN108132433B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2020-02-14 | 北京全路通信信号研究设计院集团有限公司 | LEU monitoring board signal extraction circuit |
-
2021
- 2021-06-16 EP EP21179687.5A patent/EP4105099A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2022
- 2022-06-09 WO PCT/EP2022/065672 patent/WO2022263281A1/en active Application Filing
- 2022-06-09 EP EP22735344.8A patent/EP4334185A1/en active Pending
- 2022-06-09 CN CN202280041425.XA patent/CN117460658A/en active Pending
- 2022-06-09 KR KR1020237042579A patent/KR20240021792A/en unknown
- 2022-06-09 AU AU2022295024A patent/AU2022295024A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20240021792A (en) | 2024-02-19 |
| EP4105099A1 (en) | 2022-12-21 |
| EP4334185A1 (en) | 2024-03-13 |
| WO2022263281A1 (en) | 2022-12-22 |
| AU2022295024A1 (en) | 2024-01-04 |
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