CN117458115B - Directional coupler - Google Patents
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- CN117458115B CN117458115B CN202311799184.8A CN202311799184A CN117458115B CN 117458115 B CN117458115 B CN 117458115B CN 202311799184 A CN202311799184 A CN 202311799184A CN 117458115 B CN117458115 B CN 117458115B
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
- H01P5/181—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
- H01P5/181—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides
- H01P5/182—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides the waveguides being arranged in parallel
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Abstract
The application provides a directional coupler, which comprises a main waveguide, a first auxiliary waveguide and a second auxiliary waveguide; the main waveguide and the first auxiliary waveguide are arranged in parallel in the first direction, the main waveguide and the first auxiliary waveguide are connected through a first common wall in the first direction, a first coupling hole is formed in the first common wall, the main waveguide is connected with the first auxiliary waveguide in a coupling way through the first coupling hole, the second auxiliary waveguide and the main waveguide are arranged in the second direction, the second auxiliary waveguide and the main waveguide are connected through a second common wall in the second direction, a second coupling hole is formed in the second common wall, and the main waveguide is connected with the second auxiliary waveguide in a coupling way through the second coupling hole. The directional coupler provided by the embodiment of the application can realize the integration of the tight coupler and the loose coupler and realize the functional diversification of the directional coupler.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of coupler equipment, in particular to a directional coupler.
Background
The coupler is a widely used microwave element, which can be regarded as a power divider. The coupler is generally formed by coupling two microwave transmission lines, and microwave transmission structures such as coaxial lines, rectangular waveguides, circular waveguides, strip lines, microstrip lines and the like can form the coupler.
The transmission medium in the rectangular waveguide is air, and has the characteristics of simple structure and convenient connection, and simultaneously has less transmission loss and larger power bearing capacity than other planar structures or devices. The directional coupler may be classified into a tight coupler and a loose coupler according to the degree of coupling, for example, a 3dB loose coupler and a 30dB tight coupler.
However, the directional coupler of the related art has a relatively single function and can be used only as a tight coupler or a loose coupler.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a directional coupler, which is used for solving the technical problem that the directional coupler in the related technology has relatively single function and can only be used as a tight coupler or a loose coupler.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present application provides the following technical solutions:
the embodiment of the application provides a directional coupler, which comprises a main waveguide, a first auxiliary waveguide and a second auxiliary waveguide;
the main waveguide and the first auxiliary waveguide are arranged in parallel in a first direction, the main waveguide and the first auxiliary waveguide are connected in the first direction through a first common wall, a first coupling hole is formed in the first common wall, and the main waveguide is coupled with the first auxiliary waveguide through the first coupling hole to form a tight coupler;
the second auxiliary waveguide and the main waveguide are arranged in a second direction, the second auxiliary waveguide and the main waveguide are connected in the second direction through a second common wall, a second coupling hole is formed in the second common wall, and the main waveguide is coupled with the second auxiliary waveguide through the second coupling hole to form a loose coupler;
the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, a plane where the second sub-waveguide is located is parallel to a plane where the main waveguide and the first sub-waveguide are located, and the first common wall is perpendicular to the second common wall.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the application can be further improved as follows.
In one possible implementation manner, the main waveguide and the first sub waveguide each extend in a third direction, the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction, the second direction is perpendicular to a plane in which the first direction and the third direction lie, and the second sub waveguide extends in the first direction;
the first coupling hole extends in the third direction.
In one possible implementation manner, a calculation formula of the length L of the first coupling hole in the third direction is:
wherein λ is a free space wavelength of the main waveguide at a center frequency, a is a distance between two opposite side walls of the main waveguide in the first direction, and one side wall of the main waveguide in the first direction is the first common wall.
In one possible implementation of the present invention,
the height of the first coupling hole is more than or equal to 12mm and less than or equal to 14mm.
In one possible implementation, the main waveguide includes an input end and a through end disposed opposite in the third direction, the input end being disposed adjacent to the second sub-waveguide;
the first auxiliary waveguide comprises a first coupling end and a first isolation end which are oppositely arranged in the third direction, and the first coupling end is arranged close to the straight-through end;
the second sub waveguide includes a second coupling end and a second isolation end disposed opposite to each other in the first direction, and the second coupling end is disposed near the first sub waveguide.
In one possible implementation, the second sub-waveguide is disposed away from the first coupling hole, and the second sub-waveguide and the first coupling hole do not overlap in the second direction.
In one possible implementation, the second coupling hole includes a first slit and a second slit, the first slit and the second slit intersecting each other, the first slit and the second slit being disposed on the second common wall away from the first coupling hole.
In one possible implementation manner, the first slit and the second slit are disposed perpendicular to each other and form the second coupling hole in a cross shape, and the first slit extends in the third direction.
In one possible implementation manner, an included angle between the extending direction of the first slit and the third direction is 45 °, and the first slit and the second slit are perpendicular to each other.
In one possible implementation manner, the main waveguide, the first sub waveguide and the second sub waveguide are rectangular waveguides with the same size;
the first common wall is a common narrow wall and the second common wall is a common wide wall.
The embodiment of the application provides a directional coupler, the directional coupler includes a main waveguide, a first auxiliary waveguide and a second auxiliary waveguide, the main waveguide and the first auxiliary waveguide are arranged in parallel in a first direction, the main waveguide and the first auxiliary waveguide are connected through a first public wall in the first direction, a first coupling hole is formed in the first public wall, the main waveguide is connected with the first auxiliary waveguide in a coupling way through the first coupling hole to form a tight coupler, the second auxiliary waveguide and the main waveguide are arranged in a second direction, the second auxiliary waveguide and the main waveguide are connected through a second public wall in the second direction, a second coupling hole is formed in the second public wall, the main waveguide is connected with the second auxiliary waveguide in a coupling way through the second coupling hole to form a loose coupler, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and the first public wall is perpendicular to the second public wall, so that the integrated design of the loose coupler and the tight coupler can be realized, and the functional diversity of the directional coupler can be realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief description will be given below of the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a top view of another directional coupler provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a front view of the directional coupler of fig. 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph of parameters associated with a tight coupler of the directional couplers provided in embodiments of the present application;
fig. 5 is a phase diagram of a tight coupler in a directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a graph of parameters associated with a loose coupler in a directional coupler provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a top view of the directional coupler of fig. 1.
Reference numerals illustrate:
100-main waveguide;
110-a first common wall; 120-a first coupling hole; 130-a second common wall;
140-a second coupling hole; 150-input terminal; 160-a through terminal;
141-a first gap; 142-a second gap;
200-a first sub-waveguide;
210-a first coupling end; 220-a first isolated end;
300-a second sub-waveguide;
310-a second coupling end; 320-a second isolated end.
Detailed Description
As described in the background art, the directional coupler in the related art has a relatively single function and can be used only as a tight coupler or a loose coupler. The coupler is a widely used microwave element, which can be regarded as a power divider. The coupler is generally formed by coupling two microwave transmission lines, and microwave transmission structures such as coaxial lines, rectangular waveguides, circular waveguides, strip lines, microstrip lines and the like can form the coupler. The transmission medium in the rectangular waveguide is air, and has the characteristics of simple structure and convenient connection, and meanwhile, compared with other planar structures or devices, the rectangular waveguide has less transmission loss and larger power bearing capacity, so that the waveguide coupler has wide application in the fields of measurement, satellite communication, radar and the like.
With the rapid development of microwave communication, the requirements on the communication system are also increasing. The directional coupler can be classified into a tight coupler and a loose coupler according to the degree of coupling, and its implementation forms are also various. Such as common small hole directional couplers, branch directional couplers, short slot directional couplers, quadrature waveguide directional couplers, etc. The small-hole coupler and the branch line directional coupler can realize tight coupling and loose coupling. The small-hole coupler is formed by opening small holes in the wide wall, the small holes are utilized for coupling, if the tight coupling of the directional coupler is needed, the directional coupler is needed to be realized in a multi-hole mode, and the length of the coupler is increased along with the increase of the number of the coupling holes; the branch line coupler also has the problem of larger volume; the short-slot coupler is formed by slotting on the public narrow wall of the rectangular waveguide for coupling; the quadrature waveguide directional coupler can realize loose coupling and can not realize tight coupling. Most of the current waveguide directional couplers adopt the implementation modes, and only adopt a single mode to realize tight coupling or loose coupling, or change the shape of a coupling gap of the waveguide directional coupler through a loading structure to achieve excellent performance.
In the prior art, whether the tightly coupled waveguide directional coupler or the loosely coupled waveguide directional coupler adopts different structural changes to improve the performance of the tightly coupled waveguide directional coupler or the loosely coupled waveguide directional coupler, such as adopting a porous structure to expand the bandwidth of the waveguide directional coupler, improving the directivity and introducing a stepped structure to ensure the in-band flatness of the waveguide coupler.
Aiming at the technical problems, the embodiment of the application provides a directional coupler, which comprises a main waveguide, a first auxiliary waveguide and a second auxiliary waveguide, wherein the main waveguide and the first auxiliary waveguide are arranged in parallel in a first direction, the main waveguide and the first auxiliary waveguide are connected through a first public wall in the first direction, a first coupling hole is formed in the first public wall, the main waveguide is connected with the first auxiliary waveguide in a coupling way through the first coupling hole to form a tight coupler, the second auxiliary waveguide and the main waveguide are arranged in a second direction, the second auxiliary waveguide and the main waveguide are connected through a second public wall in the second direction, a second coupling hole is formed in the second public wall, the main waveguide is connected with the second auxiliary waveguide in a coupling way through the second coupling hole to form a loose coupler, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and the first public wall is perpendicular to the second public wall, so that the integrated design of the loose coupler and the tight coupler can be realized, and the functional diversity of the directional coupler can be realized.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more comprehensible, the following description will make the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application clear and complete with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments herein, which are within the scope of the protection of the present application, will be within the purview of one of ordinary skill in the art without the exercise of inventive faculty.
Referring to fig. 1, embodiments of the present application provide a directional coupler that may include a main waveguide 100, a first sub-waveguide 200, and a second sub-waveguide 300. The main waveguide 100 may be an initial input and output waveguide of electromagnetic waves. The main waveguide 100 is capable of transporting electromagnetic waves inputted thereto to a coupling region corresponding to the first sub-waveguide 200, and simultaneously transporting electromagnetic waves inputted to the main waveguide 100 to a coupling region corresponding to the second sub-waveguide 300. The first sub waveguide 200 can achieve coupling with the main waveguide 100 through a coupling region corresponding to the main waveguide 100, and transmit a part of electromagnetic waves to the first sub waveguide 200 through the coupling region and output by the first sub waveguide 200. Similarly, the second sub waveguide 300 can also achieve coupling with the main waveguide 100 through a coupling region corresponding to the main waveguide 100, and transmit a part of electromagnetic waves to the second sub waveguide 300 through the coupling region and output by the second sub waveguide 300.
In some embodiments, the main waveguide 100, the first sub-waveguide 200, and the second sub-waveguide 300 may all be made of a metallic material, e.g., the main waveguide 100, the first sub-waveguide 200, and the second sub-waveguide 300 may all be made of a metallic aluminum material.
Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the main waveguide 100 and the first sub-waveguide 200 are arranged in parallel in a first direction (as shown by an arrow 1 in fig. 1), the first direction may be a horizontal direction, and the main waveguide 100 and the first sub-waveguide 200 are connected by a first common wall 110 in the first direction, the first common wall 110 is perpendicular to a horizontal plane, a first coupling hole 120 is formed in the first common wall 110, and the main waveguide 100 is coupled to the first sub-waveguide 200 through the first coupling hole 120 and forms a tight coupler. A tight coupler is understood to be a tight coupling waveguide coupler that can be used for signal splitting and combining, and in an exemplary embodiment, a tight coupler with a loss of 3dB, i.e., a 3dB tight coupler.
The second sub-waveguides 300 and the main waveguide 100 are arranged in a second direction (as indicated by an arrow Y in fig. 1), which may be a vertical direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the second sub-waveguides 300 and the main waveguide 100 are connected through a second common wall 130 in the second direction, the second common wall 130 being perpendicular to the first common wall 110, and the second common wall 130 being parallel to the horizontal plane. The plane of the second sub-waveguide 300 is parallel to the plane of the main waveguide 100 and the first sub-waveguide 200, the second common wall 130 is provided with a second coupling hole 140, and the main waveguide 100 is coupled to the second sub-waveguide 300 through the second coupling hole 140 to form a loose coupler. A loose coupler may be understood as a loose coupling waveguide coupler, which can be used for sampling, measuring and monitoring of signals, and in an exemplary embodiment may be a 30dB loss loose coupler, i.e. a 30dB loose coupler.
The embodiment of the present application provides a directional coupler, which may include a main waveguide 100, a first auxiliary waveguide 200, and a second auxiliary waveguide 300, where the main waveguide 100 and the first auxiliary waveguide 200 are arranged in parallel in a first direction, the main waveguide 100 and the first auxiliary waveguide 200 are connected through a first common wall 110 in the first direction, the first common wall 110 is provided with a first coupling hole 120, the main waveguide 100 is coupled to the first auxiliary waveguide 200 through the first coupling hole 120 and forms a tight coupler, the second auxiliary waveguide 300 and the main waveguide 100 are arranged in a second direction, the second auxiliary waveguide 300 and the main waveguide 100 are connected through a second common wall 130 in the second direction, the second common wall 130 is provided with a second coupling hole 140, the main waveguide 100 is coupled to the second auxiliary waveguide 300 through the second coupling hole 140 and forms a loose coupler, the first direction is perpendicular to the second common wall 130, so as to implement an integrated design of the loose coupler and a functional diversity of the tight coupler.
Referring to fig. 1, in one possible implementation, the main waveguide 100 and the first sub-waveguide 200 each extend in a third direction (as indicated by an arrow Z in fig. 1) perpendicular to the first direction, and the first coupling hole 120 extends in the third direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the plane where the first direction and the second direction are located, and the second sub-waveguide 300 extends in the first direction, so that the length extending direction of the second sub-waveguide 300 is perpendicular to the length extending direction of the main waveguide 100, and compared with a state where the second sub-waveguide 300 is not perpendicular to the main waveguide 100, the coupling flatness of the loose coupler formed by the main waveguide 100 and the second sub-waveguide 300 can be improved, and the isolation of the loose coupler can be reduced.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the main waveguide 100, the first sub-waveguide 200, and the second sub-waveguide 300 are rectangular waveguides of the same size. In other embodiments, the primary waveguide 100 and the first secondary waveguide 200 are the same size and the second secondary waveguide 300 may be different from the primary waveguide 100 in size. In some embodiments, the first common wall 110 is a common narrow wall and the second common wall 130 is a common wide wall.
Referring to fig. 1, in one possible implementation, the main waveguide 100 may include an input 150 and a pass-through 160 disposed opposite in a third direction, the input 150 disposed proximate to the second sub-waveguide 300. The first sub waveguide 200 may include a first coupling end 210 and a first isolation end 220 disposed opposite in the third direction, the first coupling end 210 being disposed near the through end 160. The second sub-waveguide 300 may include a second coupling end 310 and a second isolation end 320 disposed opposite in the first direction, the second coupling end 310 being disposed proximate the first isolation end 220 of the first sub-waveguide 200 such that the directional coupler forms a six-port directional coupler.
In another implementation, the positions of the input end 150 and the through end 160 of the main waveguide 100 may be reversed, and if the positions of the input end 150 and the through end 160 of the main waveguide 100 may be reversed so that the input end 150 is disposed away from the second sub-waveguide 300, the positions of the first coupling end 210 and the first isolation end 220 of the first sub-waveguide 200 may also be reversed so that the first isolation end 220 is disposed away from the second sub-waveguide 300.
In some embodiments, the directional coupler in the present application may be a tight coupler composed of the main waveguide 100 and the first sub waveguide 200, or a loose coupler composed of the main waveguide 100 and the second sub waveguide 300, or both the tight coupler and the loose coupler may be used.
If the tight coupler is used alone, the electromagnetic wave enters the main waveguide 100 from the input end 150 of the main waveguide 100, and when the electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the vicinity of the first coupling hole 120, a part of the electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the first sub-waveguide 200 through the first coupling hole 120 and is output from the first coupling end 210 of the first sub-waveguide 200, and the first isolation end of the first sub-waveguide 200 has almost no electromagnetic wave output. Wherein another portion of the electromagnetic wave is output through the through terminal 160.
If the tight coupler and the loose coupler are used at the same time, the electromagnetic wave enters the main waveguide 100 from the input end 150 of the main waveguide 100, and when the electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the vicinity of the first coupling hole 120, a part of the electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the first sub-waveguide 200 through the first coupling hole 120 and is output from the first coupling end 210 of the first sub-waveguide 200. When transmitted near the second coupling hole 140, another part of the electromagnetic waves is transmitted to the second sub-waveguide 300 through the second coupling hole 140 and is output from the second coupling end 310 of the second sub-waveguide 300, and the remaining electromagnetic waves are output through the through end 160 of the main waveguide 100. In the above-described process of the operation of the tight coupler and the loose coupler, the first isolation end 220 of the first sub-waveguide 200 has almost no electromagnetic wave output, and similarly, the second isolation end 320 of the second sub-waveguide 300 has almost no electromagnetic wave output.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in one possible implementation, the calculation formula of the length L of the first coupling hole 120 in the third direction is:
where λ is the free space wavelength of the main waveguide 100 at the center frequency, a is the distance between two opposite sidewalls of the main waveguide 100 in the first direction, that is, the width between two narrow walls of the main waveguide 100, and one sidewall of the main waveguide 100 in the first direction is the first common wall 110. As can be seen from the above formula, the length of the first coupling hole 120 is related to the free space wavelength of the main waveguide 100 at the center frequency and the width of the main waveguide 100, and the longer the free space wavelength of the main waveguide 100 at the center frequency is, the longer the length of the first coupling hole 120 is, while keeping the width of the main waveguide 100 unchanged; the larger the width of the main waveguide 100, the smaller the length of the first coupling hole 120, with the free space wavelength of the main waveguide 100 at the center frequency kept unchanged.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in one possible implementation, the width of the first coupling hole 120 (as shown by H in fig. 3) may be 12mm or more and 14mm or less. In some embodiments, the width of the first coupling hole 120 may be 12.6mm, 13mm, 13.5mm, or 13.7mm. By adjusting the length and width of the first coupling hole 120, the two modes TE10 and TE20 can interfere with each other in the coupling region formed between the main waveguide 100 and the first sub-waveguide 200, so that the electromagnetic waves reach the through end 160 and the first coupling end 210 with equal power and a phase difference of 90 °.
In particular, when the width of the first coupling hole 120 is greater than 14mm, the degree of unbalance of the coupling degree between the main waveguide 100 and the first sub-waveguide 200 is increased, thereby affecting the operation performance of the tight coupler formed by the main waveguide 100 and the first sub-waveguide 200 to be low. If the width of the first coupling hole 120 is smaller than 12mm, the coupling degree between the main waveguide 100 and the first sub-waveguide 200 is low, and thus the operation performance of the tight coupler formed by the main waveguide 100 and the first sub-waveguide 200 is also affected.
Referring to fig. 4, a return loss curve S1 of the tight coupler, representing a ratio of power input from the input terminal 150 to power reflected to the input terminal 150, a transmission coefficient curve S2 of the main waveguide 100, representing a ratio of power input from the input terminal 150 to power transmitted to the through terminal 160, a coupling degree curve S3 of the main waveguide 100, representing a ratio of power input from the input terminal 150 to power transmitted to the first coupling terminal 210, and an isolation degree change curve S4 between the input terminal 150 and the first isolation terminal 220 are schematically shown in fig. 4 when the width of the first coupling hole 120 is 13 mm.
The return loss of the tight coupler is less than-23.08 dB as seen by curve S1, and the amplitude imbalance of the tight coupler is less than 0.81dB as seen by the difference in the ordinate corresponding to each frequency on curves S2 and S3. As can be seen from curve S4, the isolation of the tight coupler is greater than 20.23dB.
Further, in the case that the above condition is satisfied, it can be seen from the phase diagram curve S11 of the tight coupler illustrated in fig. 5 that the phase difference between the output signals of the pass-through end 160 and the first coupling end 210 of the tight coupler is between 89.13 ° and 89.69 °.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some embodiments, the second sub-waveguide 300 is disposed away from the first coupling hole 120, and the second sub-waveguide 300 and the first coupling hole 120 do not overlap in the second direction. By arranging the second sub waveguide 300 at a position far away from the first coupling hole 120, the coupling degree in-band fluctuation of the loose coupler formed by the second sub waveguide 300 and the main waveguide 100 due to uneven electric field energy of the main waveguide 100 when the tight coupler formed by the first sub waveguide 200 and the main waveguide 100 works can be reduced, so that the mutual interference between the loose coupler and the tight coupler is reduced, and the performance of the directional coupler is improved.
In a specific implementation, the position of the second coupling hole 140 is set at one end, far away from the first coupling hole 120, on the second common wall 130, so that when the tight coupler formed by the first auxiliary waveguide 200 and the main waveguide 100 works, the coupling degree of the loose coupler formed by the second auxiliary waveguide 300 and the main waveguide 100 due to uneven electric field energy of the main waveguide 100 fluctuates in a band, and therefore mutual interference between the tight coupler and the loose coupler is reduced, and performance of the directional coupler is improved. For example, the second coupling hole 140 is disposed on the second common wall 130 near the second isolation end 320.
Fig. 6 schematically shows a return loss curve S5 of the loose coupler, representing the ratio of power input from the input 150 to power reflected to the input 150, a transmission coefficient curve S6 of the main waveguide 100, representing the ratio of power input from the input 150 to power transmitted to the pass-through 160, a coupling degree curve S7 of the second sub-waveguide 300, representing the ratio of power input from the input 150 to power transmitted to the second coupling terminal 310, and a separation degree variation curve S8 between the input 150 and the second isolation terminal 320, representing the ratio of power input from the input 150 to power transmitted to the second isolation terminal 320, when the second coupling hole 140 and the first coupling hole 120 are distant from each other.
As can be seen from curve S5, the return loss of the loose coupler is less than-23.08 dB. As can be seen from the difference between the maximum and minimum values corresponding to the ordinate on the curve S7, the amplitude flatness of the loose coupler is 1dB or less. As can be seen from curve S8, the isolation of the loose coupler is greater than 42.42dB.
Referring to fig. 2, in one possible implementation, the second coupling hole 140 may include a first slit 141 and a second slit 142, the first slit 141 and the second slit 142 intersecting each other, the first slit 141 and the second slit 142 being disposed apart from the first coupling hole 120 on the second common wall 130. In some embodiments, the length of the first gap 141 is the same as the length of the second gap 142. In a specific implementation, the first slit 141 and the second slit 142 are disposed perpendicular to each other and form the second coupling hole 140 in a cross shape, and the first slit 141 extends in the third direction, that is, forms the second coupling hole 140 in a positive cross shape. In some embodiments, the first slit 141 intersects the second slit 142 and forms an intersection point, the first slit 141 being divided into a first section and a second section by the intersection point, the first section and the second section being symmetrical about the intersection point. Similarly, the second slit 142 is divided into a third segment and a fourth segment by the intersection point, and the third segment and the fourth segment are also symmetrical about the intersection point. The degree of coupling between the main waveguide 100 and the second sub waveguide 300 can be improved by using the above-described cross-shaped coupling slit.
Referring to fig. 7, in one possible implementation, an angle (α shown in fig. 7) between the extending direction of the first slot 141 and the third direction is 45 °, and the first slot 141 and the second slot 142 are perpendicular to each other to form the diagonal cross-shaped second coupling hole 140, so that the second coupling hole 140 can further improve the coupling degree between the main waveguide 100 and the second sub-waveguide 300 compared to the positive cross-shaped second coupling hole 140.
In this specification, each embodiment or implementation is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on a difference from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
It should be noted that references in the specification to "in the detailed description", "in some embodiments", "in this embodiment", "exemplarily", etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
Generally, terms should be understood at least in part by use in the context. For example, the term "one or more" as used herein may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense, or may be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense, at least in part depending on the context. Similarly, terms such as "a" or "an" may also be understood to convey a singular usage or a plural usage, depending at least in part on the context.
It should be readily understood that the terms "on … …", "above … …" and "above … …" in this disclosure should be interpreted in the broadest sense such that "on … …" means not only "directly on something", but also includes "on something" with intermediate features or layers therebetween, and "above … …" or "above … …" includes not only the meaning "on something" or "above" but also the meaning "above something" or "above" without intermediate features or layers therebetween (i.e., directly on something).
Further, spatially relative terms, such as "below," "beneath," "above," "over," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. The device may have other orientations (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The directional coupler is characterized by comprising a main waveguide, a first auxiliary waveguide and a second auxiliary waveguide;
the main waveguide and the first auxiliary waveguide are arranged in parallel in a first direction, the main waveguide and the first auxiliary waveguide are connected in the first direction through a first common wall, a first coupling hole is formed in the first common wall, and the main waveguide is coupled with the first auxiliary waveguide through the first coupling hole to form a tight coupler;
the second auxiliary waveguide and the main waveguide are arranged in a second direction, the second auxiliary waveguide and the main waveguide are connected in the second direction through a second common wall, a second coupling hole is formed in the second common wall, and the main waveguide is coupled with the second auxiliary waveguide through the second coupling hole to form a loose coupler;
the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, a plane where the second sub-waveguide is located is parallel to a plane where the main waveguide and the first sub-waveguide are located, and the first common wall is perpendicular to the second common wall.
2. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the main waveguide and the first sub-waveguide each extend in a third direction, the third direction being perpendicular to the first direction, the second direction being perpendicular to a plane in which the first direction and the third direction lie, the second sub-waveguide extending in the first direction;
the first coupling hole extends in the third direction.
3. The directional coupler according to claim 2, wherein the length L of the first coupling hole extending in the third direction is calculated by the formula:
，
wherein λ is a free space wavelength of the main waveguide at a center frequency, a is a distance between two opposite side walls of the main waveguide in the first direction, and one side wall of the main waveguide in the first direction is the first common wall.
4. A directional coupler according to claim 3, wherein the height of the first coupling hole is 12mm or more and 14mm or less.
5. The directional coupler according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the main waveguide comprises an input end and a through end disposed opposite each other in the third direction, the input end being disposed adjacent to the second sub-waveguide;
the first auxiliary waveguide comprises a first coupling end and a first isolation end which are oppositely arranged in the third direction, and the first coupling end is arranged close to the straight-through end;
the second sub waveguide includes a second coupling end and a second isolation end disposed opposite to each other in the first direction, and the second coupling end is disposed near the first sub waveguide.
6. The directional coupler of claim 5, wherein the second sub-waveguide is disposed away from the first coupling hole and the second sub-waveguide and the first coupling hole do not overlap in the second direction.
7. The directional coupler according to claim 6, wherein the second coupling hole comprises a first slit and a second slit, the first slit and the second slit intersecting each other;
the first slit and the second slit are disposed on the second common wall away from the first coupling hole.
8. The directional coupler according to claim 7, wherein the first slit and the second slit are disposed perpendicular to each other and form the second coupling hole in a cross shape, and the first slit extends in the third direction.
9. The directional coupler according to claim 7, wherein an angle between the extending direction of the first slit and the third direction is 45 °, and the first slit and the second slit are perpendicular to each other.
10. The directional coupler of claim 9, wherein the main waveguide, the first sub-waveguide, and the second sub-waveguide are rectangular waveguides of the same size;
the first common wall is a common narrow wall and the second common wall is a common wide wall.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN205050976U (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-02-24 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二四研究所 | High flat waveguide directional coupler of big coupling volume that keeps apart in broadband |
| CN105552506A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-04 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Hole-coupling directional coupler for millimeter-wave-band megawatt microwave parameter measurement |
| CN210668638U (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-06-02 | 南京信息工程大学 | Wide-edge double-row porous coupling W-band all-band directional coupler |
| CN111239895A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-06-05 | 北京邮电大学 | Waveguide coupling structure and light emitter system |
| CN116598743A (en) * | 2023-05-23 | 2023-08-15 | 西安交通大学 | Microwave guide millimeter wave ridge waveguide double directional coupler with high coupling flatness |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030108274A1 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2003-06-12 | Dan Haronian | Mode coupled optomechanical devices |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105552506A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-04 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Hole-coupling directional coupler for millimeter-wave-band megawatt microwave parameter measurement |
| CN205050976U (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-02-24 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二四研究所 | High flat waveguide directional coupler of big coupling volume that keeps apart in broadband |
| CN210668638U (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-06-02 | 南京信息工程大学 | Wide-edge double-row porous coupling W-band all-band directional coupler |
| CN111239895A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-06-05 | 北京邮电大学 | Waveguide coupling structure and light emitter system |
| CN116598743A (en) * | 2023-05-23 | 2023-08-15 | 西安交通大学 | Microwave guide millimeter wave ridge waveguide double directional coupler with high coupling flatness |
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