CN117454674A - Intelligent dynamic regulation and control method for real-time ecological flow of hydropower station - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a hydropower station real-time ecological flow intelligent dynamic regulation and control method, which comprises the steps of collecting basic data required by arranging the hydropower station intelligent real-time ecological flow regulation and control, starting to circularly solve, reducing dehydration scene and downstream water level to connect with real-time scheduling research and judgment, time period output constraint calculation, multi-objective scheduling ecological benefit, water supplementing benefit, power generation benefit index calculation, multi-objective optimization algorithm solution and the like, and can dynamically regulate the outlet flow according to upstream and downstream real-time water conditions on the premise of short-term water supply prediction and the like, so that the achievement of flow and water quantity combined targets is realized, and the maximization of the comprehensive scheduling benefit of the hydropower station is realized.

Description

An intelligent dynamic control method for real-time ecological flow in hydropower stations

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrology and water resources analysis, and in particular to an intelligent dynamic control method for real-time ecological flow of a hydropower station, which is suitable for hydropower stations where the tail water under the dam is affected by the backwater of the downstream hydropower station.

Background technique

Most domestic water conservancy projects that have been built or are under construction have set up ecological flow indicators under the dam and water release volume indicators under the cross-section. In the actual dispatching process of the power station, the daily average water volume control method is often used to carry out dispatching. However, the water level under the hydropower station dam is not only consistent with It is related to the outflow flow and the return water from the downstream hydropower station. For the scenario where the tail water under the dam is affected by the return water from the downstream hydropower station, if only the average daily water volume is used to control the discharge, water reduction or dehydration under the dam may inevitably occur. This phenomenon has a great impact on the ecological environment of the river downstream of the dam site. At present, the research on this kind of refined dispatch is not in-depth enough.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent dynamic control method for real-time ecological flow of a hydropower station in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology. It can study and judge in real time the connection relationship between the water level corresponding to the discharge flow of the previous reservoir and the tail water level of the downstream reservoir, and carry out ecological flow or Ecological water quantity dispatching clarifies the ecological benefits, water replenishment benefits, and power generation benefit indicators of hydropower stations.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The invention provides an intelligent dynamic control method for real-time ecological flow of a hydropower station, which includes the following steps:

S1. Integrate basic data;

S2. Start the loop solution, specifically:

, set the water level at the initial moment , the reservoir capacity at the initial moment , initial outbound flow ;

in, is the scheduling time, unit h; , They are the upstream reservoir water level and the assumed initial water level at the first moment, respectively, in m; , They are the upstream reservoir storage capacity and the assumed initial storage capacity at the first moment, respectively, in m ³ ; , They are the outflow flow of the upstream reservoir at the first moment and the assumed initial outflow flow, respectively, in m ³ /s;

S3. Judgment of iteration duration, specifically:

if satisfied ,but ; ; , enter the S4;

if not satisfied , then enter the S6, end the loop, and sort out the scheduling results;

in, is the total scheduling time, unit h; It is the discharge volume when the state is not connected; the unit is m ³ ; It is the water discharge volume when connecting to the scene, the unit is m ³ ;

S4, real-time scheduling of dehydration reduction scenarios;

S5, downstream water level connection scenario scheduling;

S6. Calculation of time period output constraints;

S7. Multi-objective scheduling benefit calculation;

S8. Multi-objective optimization algorithm solution.

Further, the S4 is specifically:

If the corresponding water level of the lower discharge flow of the previous step meets , , use formula (1) to calculate the water discharge volume in the non-connection scenario , enter the S6;

(1);

If the corresponding water level of the lower discharge flow of the previous step does not meet the , , enter the S5;

in, for Outbound traffic at the dispatch time Corresponding water level under the dam, unit m; It is the tail water level from the next step backwater to the dam site, unit m; for Ecological flow at the dispatch time, unit is m ³ /s; for Outbound flow rate at the dispatch time, unit m ³ /s; It is the connection time between the water level corresponding to the discharge flow of the upper reservoir and the tail water level of the downstream reservoir, unit h; is the scheduling time interval, unit is h.

Further, the S5 is specifically:

like , then the water discharge volume when connecting the situation The calculation formula is (2), enter the S5;

(2);

like , , then return to S3;

in, It is the connection time between the water level corresponding to the discharge flow of the upper reservoir and the tail water level of the downstream reservoir. Discharge flow from the dam site, unit m ³ /s.

Further, the S6 is specifically:

From the predicted water inflow process within the known dispatch period , Hydropower station reservoir initial storage capacity value during period and formula (3) to calculate the reservoir The reservoir capacity value of the hydropower station at the dispatch time;

Calculate the water level value of the hydropower station reservoir during the period according to formula (4) :

Calculate the head difference between upstream and downstream according to formula (5) :

Calculate the period output according to formula (6) :

(3);

(4);

(5);

(6);

in, Respectively 1st, 2nd, The inflow flow of the hydropower station at the dispatch time, unit m ³ /s; is the total scheduling time The inflow flow of the hydropower station, unit m ³ /s; , respectively , The reservoir capacity value of the hydropower station during the dispatch time period, unit m ³ ; , To calibrate the water level and storage capacity relationship parameters; , respectively , The water level value of the hydropower station reservoir during the dispatch time, unit m; yes The difference between the upstream and downstream water heads at the dispatch time, unit m; for Period output at the dispatch time, unit MW; is the output coefficient, dimensionless;

Determine whether the total water discharge volume and period output are satisfactory. and ;

If satisfied, enter S7;

If not satisfied, enter S5;

in, It is the total expected water release volume of the hydropower station during the dispatch period, unit m ³ .

Further, the S7 is specifically:

Use formula (7), formula (8) and formula (9) to calculate the multi-objective dispatching benefit of the hydropower station, and then enter the S8;

The multi-objective scheduling benefits are specifically:

(7);

(8);

(9);

in, It is the ecological flow closeness calculated when there is a water-reducing river section downstream; is the total scheduling time The total internal water release volume exceeds the total expected water release volume of the hydropower station The maximum value, unit m ³ ; is the total scheduling time Maximum power generation of internal hydropower stations, unit kW·h.

Further, the S8 is specifically: according to the objective function deduced in the S7 , and , select a multi-objective intelligent optimization algorithm for solution, obtain a non-dominated solution set that meets relevant requirements, and finally obtain a solution based on different biases The discharge flow rate and corresponding objective function value are calculated moment by moment within the time period.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that it can perform objective function optimization using a multi-objective intelligent optimization algorithm compiled under a Windows system. Based on the premise that the short-term water inflow forecast is known, the hydropower station can dynamically regulate the outflow flow according to the real-time water conditions upstream and downstream. According to the relationship between the tail water level of the downstream hydropower station and the corresponding water level of the outflow flow of the hydropower station at this level, the camera adopts the scheduling of flow or water volume. This method, on the basis of ensuring the downstream ecological flow and water release volume, coordinates the power generation benefits of hydropower stations, selects a multi-objective intelligent optimization algorithm, and calculates multi-objective dispatching ecological benefits, water replenishment benefits, and power generation benefit indicators to meet the needs of different preferences. Dominate the solution set for real-time scheduling reference.

This intelligent ecological flow control method proposes real-time dispatching technology to connect dewatering scenarios with downstream water levels, multi-objective dispatching technology for ecological benefits, water replenishment benefits, power generation benefit index calculation technology, multi-objective optimization algorithm solution technology, etc., which can be used for existing hydropower stations to combine upstream and downstream Real-time water conditions are used as a reference for comprehensive dispatching research that meets ecological flow, water discharge and power generation needs.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for intelligent dynamic control of real-time ecological flow in a hydropower station according to the present invention;

Figure 2 is a dynamic study and judgment diagram of the connection relationship between the tail water level of Hydropower Station A and the backwater of Hydropower Station B;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the multi-objective solution set of ecological proximity, water release increment, and power generation of hydropower station A.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

Please refer to Figure 1, a method for intelligent dynamic control of real-time ecological flow in hydropower stations, including the following steps:

S1. Integrate basic data;

Collect the characteristic parameters of hydropower stations, such as water level storage curve, predicted output curve, discharge water level and flow relationship, etc., and the predicted water inflow process within the known dispatch period ;

is the total scheduling time, unit h; They are the inflow flows of the hydropower station at the first and second dispatching moments respectively, unit m ³ /s; is the total scheduling time The inflow flow of the hydropower station, unit m ³ /s;

S2. Start the loop solution, specifically:

, set the water level at the initial moment , the reservoir capacity at the initial moment , initial outbound flow ;

in, is the scheduling time, unit h; , They are the upstream reservoir water level and the assumed initial water level at the first moment, respectively, in m; , They are the upstream reservoir storage capacity and the assumed initial storage capacity at the first moment, respectively, in m ³ ; , They are the outflow flow of the upstream reservoir at the first moment and the assumed initial outflow flow, respectively, in m ³ /s;

S3. Judgment of iteration duration, specifically:

if satisfied ,but ; ; , enter the S4;

if not satisfied , then enter the S6, end the loop, and sort out the scheduling results;

in, is the total scheduling time, unit h; It is the discharge volume when the state is not connected; the unit is m ³ ; It is the water discharge volume when connecting to the scene, the unit is m ³ ;

S4, real-time scheduling of dehydration reduction scenarios;

S5, downstream water level connection scenario scheduling;

S6. Calculation of time period output constraints;

In response to the above dispatching requirements, the water level of the hydropower station reservoir during the period will be fitted, , so that the storage capacity value of the hydropower station reservoir during the period Reflected to the water level value of the hydropower station reservoir during the period to facilitate scheduling.

S7. Multi-objective scheduling benefit calculation;

The multi-objective dispatching benefits in the dispatching process are calculated using the ecological flow closeness calculated when there is a water-reducing river section downstream. , total scheduling time The total internal water release volume exceeds the total expected water release volume of the hydropower station the maximum value of , total scheduling time Maximum power generation of internal hydropower stations It is clarified that it provides support for carrying out multi-objective scheduling in S8.

S8. Multi-objective optimization algorithm solution.

The S4 is specifically:

If the corresponding water level of the lower discharge flow of the previous step meets , indicating that the water level corresponding to the lower discharge flow of the upper reservoir and the tail water level of the downstream reservoir are not connected at this time. , use formula (1) to calculate the water discharge volume in the non-connection scenario , enter the S6;

(1);

If the corresponding water level of the lower discharge flow of the previous step does not meet the , , enter the S5;

in, for Outbound traffic at the dispatch time Corresponding water level under the dam, unit m; It is the tail water level from the next step backwater to the dam site, unit m; for Ecological flow at the dispatch time, unit is m ³ /s; for Outbound flow rate at the dispatch time, unit m ³ /s; It is the connection time between the water level corresponding to the discharge flow of the upper reservoir and the tail water level of the downstream reservoir, unit h; is the scheduling time interval, unit is h.

The S5 is specifically:

like , then the water discharge volume when connecting the situation The calculation formula is (2), enter the S5;

(2);

like , , then return to S3;

in, It is the connection time between the water level corresponding to the discharge flow of the upper reservoir and the tail water level of the downstream reservoir. Discharge flow from the dam site, unit m ³ /s.

The S6 is specifically:

From the predicted water inflow process within the known dispatch period , Hydropower station reservoir initial storage capacity value during period and formula (3) to calculate the reservoir The reservoir capacity value of the hydropower station at the dispatch time;

Calculate the water level value of the hydropower station reservoir during the period according to formula (4) :

Calculate the head difference between upstream and downstream according to formula (5) :

Calculate the period output according to formula (6) :

(3);

(4);

(5);

(6);

in, Respectively 1st, 2nd, The inflow flow of the hydropower station at the dispatch time, unit m ³ /s; is the total scheduling time The inflow flow of the hydropower station, unit m ³ /s; , respectively , The reservoir capacity value of the hydropower station during the dispatch time period, unit m ³ ; , To calibrate the water level and storage capacity relationship parameters; , respectively , The water level value of the hydropower station reservoir during the dispatch time, unit m; yes The difference between the upstream and downstream water heads at the dispatch time, unit m; for Period output at the dispatch time, unit MW; is the output coefficient, dimensionless;

Determine whether the total water discharge volume and period output are satisfactory. and ;

If satisfied, enter S7;

If not satisfied, enter S5;

in, It is the total expected water release volume of the hydropower station during the dispatch period, unit m ³ .

The S7 is specifically:

Use formula (7), formula (8) and formula (9) to calculate the multi-objective dispatching benefit of the hydropower station, and then enter the S8;

The multi-objective scheduling benefits are specifically:

(7);

(8);

(9);

in, It is the ecological flow closeness calculated when there is a water-reducing river section downstream; is the total scheduling time The total internal water release volume exceeds the total expected water release volume of the hydropower station The maximum value, unit m ³ ; is the total scheduling time Maximum power generation of internal hydropower stations, unit kW·h.

The S8 is specifically: according to the objective function deduced in the S7 , and , select a multi-objective intelligent optimization algorithm for solution, obtain a non-dominated solution set that meets relevant requirements, and finally obtain a solution based on different biases The discharge flow rate and corresponding objective function value are calculated moment by moment within the time period.

Among them, multi-objective intelligent optimization algorithms include NSGA-II, MOGA, multi-objective artificial fish swarm algorithm, etc.;

Use VB language, C language or MATLAB language to write program code under the Windows operating system, construct a real-time intelligent ecological flow control method for hydropower stations, and reserve program interfaces.

Embodiment 1

Taking the middle reaches of the Jinsha River as an example, A and B hydropower stations are selected as the research objects, A hydropower station is the regulatory body, the ecological flow index approved by A hydropower station is 300m ³ /s, the next level of A hydropower station is B hydropower station, and the B hydropower station reservoir The normal water storage level is 1504m and the dead water level is 1398m. When the operating water level of the reservoir of Hydropower Station B is different, the connection between the backwater and the tail water level corresponding to the outflow under the dam of Hydropower Station A is uncertain. Therefore, it is suitable to use the patented technology of the present invention for practice.

The NSGA-II multi-objective optimization algorithm was selected for example calculation. The initial water level of hydropower station A was considered as the normal water storage level of 1618m, and the initial outflow flow was controlled as 300m ³ /s.

In each iterative dispatch, real-time dispatching of water level connection is conducted. After analysis, when the water level under the dam of Hydropower Station A is lower than 1501.1m, the water level corresponding to the discharge flow of Hydropower Station A is not connected with the tail water level of the reservoir of downstream Hydropower Station B. The instantaneous flow rate is 300m ³ /s. To control leakage, use formula Calculate the water discharge volume when there is no connection situation ; When the water level under the dam of Hydropower Station A is higher than or equal to 1501.1m, the water level corresponding to the discharge flow is connected with the tail water level of the reservoir of Hydropower Station B downstream, and the discharge is controlled according to the total water volume, and the ,in, is the discharge volume of hydropower station A during the transition scenario, For the total expected water release volume of Hydropower Station A during the dispatch period, the dynamic study and judgment on the connection between the tail water level of Hydropower Station A and the return water of Hydropower Station B is shown in Figure 2.

Calculate the power generation head of Hydropower Station A based on the outflow flow, calculate the output of Hydropower Station A during the period, and perform iterative trial calculations based on the output situation to calculate the ecological benefits, water replenishment benefits, and power generation benefit indicators of Hydropower Station A for each iteration.

The NSGA-II multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to perform multiple rounds of iterations, and the multi-objective solution set for calculating the ecological proximity, incremental water release volume, and power generation of Hydropower Station A is shown in Figure 3.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express the implementation of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A real-time ecological flow intelligent dynamic regulation and control method for a hydropower station is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, integrating basic data;

s2, starting cyclic solution, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:

setting the water level at the initial time +.>Reservoir volume at initial moment +.>Initial ex-warehouse flow->；

Wherein,the unit h is the scheduling time; />、/>The water level of the upstream water reservoir at the 1 st moment and the assumed initial water level are respectively expressed as a unit m; />、/>Upstream reservoir capacity and assumed initial reservoir capacity at time 1, unit m ³ ；/>、/>The unit m is the upstream water warehouse outlet flow at the 1 st moment and the assumed initial outlet flow respectively ³ /s；

S3, judging iteration duration, wherein the iteration duration is specifically as follows:

if it meetsThen->；/>；/>Entering into the S4;

if it does not meetEntering into the S6, ending the circulation, and finishing the scheduling result;

wherein,the unit h is the total scheduling time; />The water leakage amount is the water leakage amount when the scene is not connected; the unit is m ³ ；/>For the drainage in the scene, the unit is m ³ ；

S4, real-time scheduling of dehydration reducing scenes;

s5, downstream water level engagement scene scheduling;

s6, calculating a time period output constraint;

s7, calculating multi-target scheduling benefits;

and S8, solving the multi-objective optimization algorithm.

2. The method for intelligently and dynamically regulating and controlling real-time ecological flow of hydropower station according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 is specifically as follows:

if the corresponding water level of the leakage flow under the previous step meets，/>Calculating the amount of leakage water when the scene is not connected by using the formula (1)>Entering into the S6;

（1）；

if the corresponding water level of the leakage flow under the previous step is not satisfied，/>Entering into the S5;

wherein,is->Delivery flow at scheduling time ∈>Corresponding under-dam water level, unit m; />The unit is m for the tail water level from the next step backwater to the dam site; />Is->Ecological flow at scheduling time in m ³ /s；/>Is->Delivery flow at scheduling time, unit m ³ /s；/>The unit h is the time when the corresponding water level of the lower discharge flow of the upper reservoir is connected with the tail water level of the downstream reservoir; />For the scheduling time interval, h is the unit.

3. The method for intelligently and dynamically regulating and controlling the real-time ecological flow of the hydropower station according to claim 2, wherein the step S5 is specifically as follows:

if it isThe water leakage amount is +.>The calculation formula is (2), and the S5 is entered;

（2）；

if it is，/>Returning to the step S3;

wherein,for the connection time of the corresponding water level of the lower discharge flow of the upper reservoir and the tail water level of the downstream reservoir +.>Discharge flow under dam site, unit m ³ /s。

4. The method for intelligently and dynamically regulating and controlling real-time ecological flow of hydropower station according to claim 3, wherein the step S6 is specifically as follows:

prediction of incoming water process by known schedule periodsInitial reservoir capacity value of hydropower station reservoir period +.>And formula (3) to calculate reservoir +.>Hydropower station reservoir time period library at scheduling momentA capacitance value;

calculating the reservoir period water level value of the hydropower station according to the formula (4)：

Calculating the upstream and downstream head difference according to the formula (5)：

Calculating the time period output according to formula (6)：

（3）；

（4）；

（5）；

（6）；

Wherein,1 st, 2 nd,/-th, respectively>Hydropower station warehouse-in flow at scheduling moment, unit m ³ /s；/>For total scheduling time->Is a hydropower station warehouse-in flow rate of unit m ³ /s； />、/>Respectively->、/>Hydropower station reservoir period reservoir capacity value at scheduling moment, unit m ³ ；/>、/>Setting water level storage capacity relation parameters for the water level; />、/>Respectively->、/>The water level value of the reservoir period of the hydropower station at the scheduling moment is in unit m; />Is->The head difference between the upstream and downstream of the scheduling time is in unit m; />Is->Time period output at the scheduling moment, unit MW; />Is a force output coefficient, and is dimensionless;

judging whether the total drainage quantity and the time period output are satisfiedAnd->，

If yes, entering into the step S7;

if not, entering into the S5;

wherein,for the total expected water discharge amount of the water power station in the scheduling period, the unit is m ³ 。

5. The method for intelligently and dynamically regulating and controlling real-time ecological flow of hydropower station according to claim 4, wherein the step S7 is specifically as follows: calculating multi-target scheduling benefit of the hydropower station by adopting a formula (7), a formula (8) and a formula (9), and then entering into the step S8;

the multi-target scheduling benefit is specifically:

（7）；

（8）；

（9）；

wherein,the ecological flow closeness calculated when the dehydrated river reach exists downstream; />For total scheduling time->The total internal drainage exceeds the total expected drainage of the hydropower station>Maximum value of (m) unit m ³ ；/>For total scheduling time->Maximum value of power generation amount of internal water power station, and unit kW.h.

6. The method for intelligently and dynamically regulating and controlling real-time ecological flow of hydropower station according to claim 5, wherein the step S8 is specifically as follows: according to the objective function deduced in the S7，/>And->Selecting a multi-objective intelligent optimization algorithm to solve to obtain a non-dominant solution set meeting related requirements, and finally obtaining the intelligent optimization algorithm based on different bias +.>The flow rate and the corresponding objective function value are discharged time by time in time.