CN117454520A - Thickness distortion scaling model construction method and system for train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe - Google Patents
Thickness distortion scaling model construction method and system for train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thickness distortion scaling model construction method and a system of a train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe, wherein the method comprises the following steps: deducing to obtain various collision parameter scale factor equation sets between the complete similar models and the thickness distortion similar models; setting the value of the deceleration proportion, sequentially taking the values, and determining the other collision parameter scale factors according to the deceleration scale factors and the equation set to obtain a series of thickness distortion similar models; taking the deceleration scale factor in the collision parameter scale factors as an independent variable, and performing error analysis to obtain an optimal deceleration scale factor under the thickness distortion factor; and setting a series of thickness distortion factors, and constructing a prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor. In summary, the invention forms a set of brand new modeling thought of thickness distortion factor-optimal deceleration scale factor-various collision parameter scale factors-accurate thickness distortion similar model, establishes a more accurate distortion model and improves the reliability of simulation results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of train collision tests, and particularly relates to a thickness distortion scaling model construction method and system of a train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe.
Background
The design of the scaling model is to ensure that the dimensions of the structure are as small as possible while ensuring that the impact dynamics of the prototype are consistent with the scaling model. The full-size real-vehicle collision test is high in cost, so that the small-scale similar model test is a new research means for designing the train crashworthiness. The thin-wall metal pipe fitting is a common end energy absorption structure of the train, and has important influence on the impact resistance and the collision behavior of the train. In addition, because of the limitation of manufacturing conditions, in the design of the completely similar model, the thickness distortion usually occurs because the wall thickness of the thin-wall structure is difficult to reach the manufacturing conditions, so that the research on the thickness distortion similar model is necessary.
Currently, liu Saisai et al propose a method for constructing a vehicle body distortion model, a method for constructing a train model, and a system thereof, which are characterized in that firstly, similarity factors of all design variables are obtained, then, a full-size vehicle body equivalent model is established based on stiffness equivalent principles, the similarity factors of all design variables, a vehicle body distortion model is constructed based on a required thickness or a preset thickness distortion coefficient, a distortion coefficient corresponding to the dynamics response-time on the vehicle body distortion model is calculated based on the distortion relation between the thickness distortion coefficient and the dynamics response-time, and finally, the dynamics response-time curve of the vehicle body distortion model is corrected based on the distortion coefficient corresponding to the dynamics response-time. Therefore, the technology corrects the dynamic response of the vehicle body distortion model through the thickness distortion coefficient, and reduces the influence of the thickness distortion on the dynamic response of the model.
Yao Shuguang et al propose a train equivalent shrinkage die construction method and train equivalent shrinkage die, the invention divides the train into a head train and an intermediate train according to deformation energy absorption characteristics in the train collision process and the head train into a deformation energy absorption area and a non-deformation area, and then constructs the head train and the intermediate train of the train equivalent shrinkage die respectively based on the scale factors of dynamic parameters; constructing an energy-absorbing guide piece between adjacent carriages on an equivalent shrinkage die of the train according to the deformation energy-absorbing characteristics of a connecting coupler between the adjacent carriages on the full-size train, and calculating the length of the honeycomb aluminum cylinder based on a size scale factor; and calculating the cross-sectional area of the energy-absorbing guide piece according to the structural size and the deformation energy-absorbing characteristic curve of the connecting coupler. The head car shrinkage die constructed by the invention can ensure that the impact force of the train is similar to the rigidity of the car body, and the collision process of the train is restored.
However, because the train structure is complex, the prior art is researched based on an equivalent model, and is different from the actual situation; secondly, the train thin-wall energy absorbing pipe is used as a main energy absorbing device in the train collision process, and the two inventions are not related. In particular, in the prior art, the influence of thickness distortion on other dynamic parameters is not directly considered when collision occurs, so that a more direct and more accurate thickness distortion similar model cannot be constructed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the modeling precision problem caused by thickness distortion and construct a more accurate thickness distortion scaling model aiming at a train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe. Specifically, the technical scheme of the invention provides a thickness distortion scaling model construction method and a system of a train thin-wall energy-absorbing tube, the method is different from the technical thought of utilizing thickness distortion coefficients to correct final simulation dynamics response of a train body distortion model in the prior art, an equation set of influence of thickness distortion on various collision parameters is directly constructed according to a collision energy equation, namely, the relation among similar scale factors of parameters in collision is established, on the premise that a certain collision parameter scale factor of the thickness distortion similar model is obtained, the collision parameter scale factors of other distortion models are rapidly obtained, and then an accurate thickness distortion similar model is obtained, so that the method lays a foundation for subsequent collision simulation analysis more intuitively and accurately. In addition, the technical scheme of the invention considers that the dynamic change of the deceleration can penetrate through the whole collision process, considers that the deceleration scale factor is skillfully selected as an independent variable based on a similar second criterion, and fully excavates the optimal deceleration scale factor with higher reliability and the association of the deceleration scale factor and the thickness distortion factor, so that a set of brand-new modeling thinking of thickness distortion factor-optimal deceleration scale factor-obtaining various collision parameter scale factors-accurate thickness distortion similar models based on an equation set and the optimal deceleration scale factor is formed.
Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the thickness distortion scaling model construction method of the train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe comprises the following steps:
step 1: deducing a distortion similarity theory of the train thin-wall energy absorption tube according to a collision energy equation to obtain various collision parameter scale factor equation sets between a complete similarity model and a thickness distortion similarity model;
step 2: constructing a series of thickness distortion similar models and performing collision simulation analysis;
setting a thickness distortion factor and a scaling factor, setting a value of a deceleration scaling factor, sequentially taking the values of the deceleration scaling factors, and determining the other collision parameter scaling factors according to the deceleration scaling factor and the equation set in the step 1 to obtain a series of thickness distortion similar models; taking the deceleration scale factor in the collision parameter scale factors as an independent variable, and performing error analysis by using a simulation result to obtain an optimal deceleration scale factor under the thickness distortion factor;
setting a series of thickness distortion factors, and constructing a prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor according to the optimal deceleration scale factor under each thickness distortion factor;
Step 3: and constructing a thickness distortion similar model of the train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe under any thickness distortion factor according to a prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor, so as to be used for a collision test.
Further alternatively, the collision parameters are a combination of mass matrix, deceleration, impact force, velocity, displacement, damping, stiffness matrix, time, and energy, provided that M m 、a m 、F m 、v m 、x m 、C m 、K m 、t m 、E m Mass, deceleration, impact force, speed, displacement, damping, stiffness matrix, time and energy of the thickness distortion similar model; μm and set up p 、a p 、F p 、v p 、x p 、C p 、K p 、t p 、E p Mass, deceleration, impact, velocity, displacement, damping, stiffness matrix, time and energy of the completely similar model, respectively; wherein, let: beta M ＝M m /M p ，β a ＝a m /a p ，β F ＝F m /F p ，β v ＝v m /v p ，β x ＝x m /x p ，β C ＝C m /C p ，β K ＝K m /K p ，β t ＝t m /t p ，β E ＝E m /E p ，β M ，β a ，β F ，β v ，β x ，β C ，β K ，β t ，β E The mass, deceleration, impact force, velocity, displacement, damping, stiffness matrix and time and energy scale factors between the completely similar model and the thickness distortion similar model, respectively.
Further alternatively, the derivation process of each type of collision parameter scale factor equation set between the completely similar model and the thickness distortion similar model in step 1 is as follows:
analyzing a collision energy equation Ma+Cv+Kx=F of the train thin-wall energy absorption tube, wherein M, a, C, v, K, x and F are mass, deceleration, damping, speed, stiffness matrix, displacement and impact force respectively, and integrating time t at two ends of the equation to obtain the following steps:
Substituting various collision parameter scale factors of the complete similar model and the thickness distortion similar model to obtain:
β M β a M m a m +β C β v C m v m +β K β x K m x m ＝β F F m
β M β a ＝β C β v ＝β K β x ＝β F
and integrating the time t at two ends of the collision energy equation to obtain:
Mv+Cx+Kxt＝Ft
and similarly, substituting various collision parameter scale factors of the complete similar model and the thickness distortion similar model to obtain:
β M β v M m v m +β C β x C m x m +β K β x β t K m x m t m ＝β F β t F m t m
β M β v ＝β C β x ＝β K β x β t ＝β F β t
and integrating the time t at two ends of the integrated energy collision equation again to obtain:
Mx+Cxt+Kxt 2 ＝Ft 2
and similarly, substituting various collision parameter scale factors of the complete similar model and the thickness distortion similar model to obtain:
β M β x M m x m +β C β x β t C m x m t m +β K β x β t 2 K m x m t 2 m ＝β F β t 2 F m t 2 m
β M β x ＝β C β x β t ＝β K β x β t 2 ＝β F β t 2 。
wherein, gamma h Is a thickness distortion factor.
Further alternatively, the train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe is a five-hole energy-absorbing pipe, the cross section of the five-hole energy-absorbing pipe is five hexagons which are connected with each other, and an inward guiding groove is formed in one side of each pipe;
the equation set of various collision parameter scale factors between the completely similar model and the thickness distortion similar model of the five-hole energy absorption tube is simplified into:
further alternatively, the predictive model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor is expressed as:
β a ＝5.2705+(0.1194-5.2705)/{1+exp[(γ h -1.9663)/0.6534]}。
further alternatively, the collisionAnd (3) taking the deceleration scale factor in the parameter scale factors as an independent variable, and performing error analysis by using a simulation result to obtain an optimal deceleration scale factor under the thickness distortion factor: the deceleration scale factor in the collision parameter scale factors is taken as an independent variable, and the collision time error theta is taken as the independent variable t Peak force error θ F Maximum displacement error θ S The optimization problem is constructed as an optimization target, expressed as:
wherein beta is a As a deceleration scale factor, beta amin ，β amax And taking the minimum value and the maximum value of the value range for the set deceleration proportion.
Further optionally, the process of solving the optimization problem is:
constructing collision time error theta based on kriging proxy model according to simulation data t Peak force error θ F Maximum displacement error θ S A database of deceleration scaling factors; wherein the collision time error θ t Peak force error θ F Maximum displacement error θ S The Kirschner agent models of the Kirschner are all provided with the same or similar minimum rules; setting the collision time error theta t Peak force error θ F Maximum displacement error θ S The corresponding weight coefficient is based on the database, and then the optimization problem is solved by adopting an optimization algorithm of non-dominant ordered genetic NSGA-II to obtain the collision time error theta t Peak force error θ F Maximum displacement error θ S The respective optimal deceleration scaling factors below.
Based on the database, giving appropriate weight coefficient omega according to importance degree a ,ω b ,ω c Respectively represent the collision time error theta t Peak force error θ F Maximum displacement error θ S Wherein ω is the weight coefficient of a +ω b +ω c =1. According to the characteristics of the optimization problem, canIt can be seen that the kriging proxy models of the three parameters all have the same/similar minimum rules, as shown in fig. 6, for example, the three parameters are set as a common core target, i.e., ω a ＝ω b ＝ω c ＝0.33。
In two aspects, the modeling system based on the method provided by the invention at least comprises:
the deduction module is used for deducting a distortion similarity theory of the train thin-wall energy absorption tube according to a collision energy equation to obtain a complete similarity model and various collision parameter scale factor equation sets under the thickness distortion similarity model;
the thickness distortion similar model construction and simulation module is used for constructing a series of thickness distortion similar models and performing simulation analysis;
setting a thickness distortion factor and a scaling factor, setting the value of a deceleration proportion, sequentially taking the values, and determining the other collision parameter scale factors according to the deceleration scale factor and the equation set in the step 1 to obtain a series of thickness distortion similar models; taking the deceleration scale factor in the collision parameter scale factors as an independent variable, and performing error analysis by using a simulation result to obtain an optimal deceleration scale factor under the thickness distortion factor;
Setting a series of thickness distortion factors, and constructing a prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor according to the optimal deceleration scale factor under each thickness distortion factor;
and the application module is used for constructing a thickness distortion similar model of the train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe under any thickness distortion factor according to the prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor so as to be used for or to carry out a collision test.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic terminal, at least including:
one or more processors;
a memory storing one or more computer programs;
the processor invokes the computer program to perform:
a method for constructing a thickness distortion scaling model of a train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, the computer program being invoked by a processor to perform:
a method for constructing a thickness distortion scaling model of a train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the technical scheme of the invention provides a brand-new idea to eliminate/reduce the precision influence caused by thickness distortion, namely, directly constructing a thickness distortion similar model. Different from the technical thought of utilizing thickness distortion coefficient to correct the final simulated dynamic response of the vehicle body distortion model in the prior art, an equation set of the influence of thickness distortion on various collision parameters is directly constructed according to a collision energy equation, namely, the relation among the parameter similarity scale factors during collision is established, so that on the premise of obtaining a certain collision parameter scale factor of the thickness distortion similar model, other collision parameter scale factors are rapidly obtained, further, an accurate thickness distortion similar model is obtained, and the method lays a foundation for subsequent collision simulation analysis. In particular, the following equation set of the specific structure of the five-hole energy absorption tube is also considered.
2. According to the technical scheme, in order to realize a brand new modeling thought of thickness distortion factors, optimal deceleration scale factors, various collision parameter scale factors obtained based on an equation set and accurate thickness distortion similar models; the deceleration dynamic value of the collision scene is fully reflected in the penetrating collision process, the deceleration scale factor is taken as an independent variable, the optimal deceleration scale factor is also changed due to the change of the thickness distortion factor, the accuracy of the constructed thickness distortion similar model is also different, the relation between each thickness distortion factor and the optimal deceleration scale factor is obtained by adopting an optimization algorithm, and the optimal thickness distortion similar model under any thickness distortion factor is constructed. The thickness distortion similar model is constructed more quickly, conveniently and accurately. In addition, the technical idea of the invention can be suitable for each scaling factor, the precision is satisfied, and the application space is wider.
Drawings
In fig. 1, the left graph (a) is the installation position of the five-hole energy absorbing structure in the train, and the right graph (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the five-hole energy absorbing structure;
FIG. 2 is a force versus time graph of a five hole energy absorbing structure at different initial speeds;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a compression deformation of a five-hole energy absorbing structure;
fig. 4 (a), (b), and (c) are schematic diagrams of compression amount-time curves, energy-time curves, and force-time curves of the thickness distortion model in order;
fig. 5 (a), (b), and (c) are schematic diagrams of the collision time optimal prediction point, the compression amount optimal prediction point, and the peak force optimal prediction point in order;
fig. 6 (a), (b), and (c) are schematic diagrams of a kriging model of compression amount error, a kriging model of collision time error, and a kriging model of peak force error in order;
fig. 7 (a), (b), and (c) are diagrams of the optimization results of the compression amount error, the collision time error, and the peak force error in order;
FIG. 8 is a distortion factor gamma h And correction factor beta a A Boltzmann predictive model schematic of (C).
Detailed Description
The invention provides a thickness distortion scaling model construction method of a train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe, which aims to construct a thickness distortion scaling model, greatly reduce the precision influence caused by thickness distortion and enable the result of constructing the thickness distortion scaling model under the collision working condition to be more consistent with the actual condition. Specifically, according to the technical scheme of the method, on the premise that a certain collision parameter scale factor of a thickness distortion similar model is obtained by establishing the relation among the scale factors of all collision parameters during collision, other collision parameter scale factors are rapidly obtained. Since dynamic changes in deceleration can be throughout the collision process, consider it as a dependent variable based on a similar second criterion, introducing a kind of Deceleration scaling factor beta a Taking the dynamic parameters of a half model as characteristic variables and taking a series of correction factors beta as dependent variables a The simulation result applied to the model is compared with the prediction error of the prototype again to obtain the beta-based model a The optimal predicted point and the deduced parameter relation are combined to be used as the method in engineering.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to examples. The following embodiments are described by taking a five-hole energy absorbing tube as an example, but the train thin-wall energy absorbing tube of the technical idea of the invention is not limited to this.
Example 1:
with respect to the five-hole energy-absorbing tube provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the cross-sectional shape of the five-hole energy-absorbing tube is five hexagons connected to each other, and an inward guiding groove is provided at one side of each tube. The prototype of the constructed simulation model is designed completely according to the size of the actual energy absorption structure, and the collision parameter setting also meets the actual collision situation so as to meet the application in practice, and the guiding pipe fitting is orderly deformed after collision, wherein the specific parameters are a=56 mm, b=56 mm, c=51 mm and alpha 1 ＝150°，α 2 =120°, l×w=280 mm×248 mm, l=1050 mm. In this embodiment, 6 deceleration meters, namely, gauges N1 to N6, are arranged in the axial direction and the circumferential direction on the basis of the structure of the energy absorber and the distance from the impact point. And measuring the deceleration value of the five-hole energy absorption tube structure in the X-axis direction, and analyzing the deceleration peak value of each point to predict the dynamic response of different sections. By analyzing force-displacement curves at different speeds to study and absorb energy characteristics, two different initial impact speeds are selected for testing, and deformation modes and force-time curves are found that the deformation of the five-hole energy absorption tube has good consistency at different initial impact speeds. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the rule of the deceleration value obtained by analysis satisfies the condition of orderly deformation, the number of compression wrinkles corresponds to the number of peaks of force, and the function of orderly energy absorption is achieved. And the closer the collision point is found to be, the more obvious the acceleration response is, and the acceleration is found to be The peak value and the distance between the measuring point and the collision point are closely related, and the shorter section of the five-hole energy absorption structure, namely the guide groove is contacted with the rigid wall in the collision process, so that larger acceleration fluctuation is generated. And carrying out crashworthiness analysis on the five-hole energy-absorbing pipe according to simulation results, wherein the bearing and crashworthiness of the thin-wall pipe are generally evaluated by the following parameters: energy Absorption (EA), maximal Axial Crushing Force (MACF), specific Energy Absorption (SEA), average Axial Crushing Force (AACF), crush Force Efficiency (CFE), and Effective Stroke Ratio (ESR). And finally, the EA reaches 360.0kJ, the SEA of the multicellular structure is about 17.1kJ/kg through a series of calculation, the SEA is larger than that of a common round tube, the AACF is 884.2kN, and the CFE reaches 91%, so that the five-hole energy absorption structure has good deformation stability while having high energy absorption, and the establishment and the dynamic prediction of a similar model are facilitated.
The functional effect of the five-hole energy absorbing structure selected in this embodiment is demonstrated by the above discussion. In order to realize the technical idea of the invention, the thickness distortion scaling model construction method of the train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
Step 1: and deducing a distortion similarity theory of the train thin-wall energy absorption tube according to the collision energy equation to obtain various collision parameter scale factor equation sets under a complete similarity model and a thickness distortion similarity model.
Wherein, the completely similar model is a similar model which is completely proportional to the geometric dimension of the prototype and is the same in material; the thickness distortion similar model is that the thickness is distorted. Firstly, according to the impact dynamics foundation of the five-hole energy absorption tube, defining the relation between each collision parameter in the completely similar model and the thickness distortion similar model, wherein after the thickness distortion, the matrix and the numerical value of each parameter are changed.
Set M m 、a m 、F m 、v m 、x m 、C m 、K m 、t m 、E m The values of mass, deceleration, impact force, speed, displacement, damping, stiffness matrix, time and energy of the thickness distortion similar model are respectively obtained; μm and set up p 、a p 、F p 、v p 、x p 、C p 、K p 、t p 、E p The mass, deceleration, impact force, velocity, displacement, damping, stiffness matrix, and time and energy values of the completely similar model; wherein, let: beta M ＝M m /M p ，β a ＝a m /a p ，β F ＝F m /F p ，β v ＝v m /v p ，β x ＝x m /x p ，β C ＝C m /C p ，β K ＝K m /K p ，β t ＝t m /t p ，β E ＝E m /E p The scale factors of a completely similar model and a thickness distortion similar model of mass, deceleration, impact force, speed, displacement, damping, stiffness matrix, time and energy respectively;
The deduction process of the various collision parameter scale factor equation sets under the complete similar model and the thickness distortion similar model in the step 1 is as follows:
analyzing a collision energy equation Ma+Cv+Kx=F of the train thin-wall energy absorption tube, wherein M, a, C, v, K, x and F are mass, deceleration, damping, speed, stiffness matrix, displacement and impact force respectively, and integrating time t at two ends of the equation to obtain the following steps:
substituting each collision parameter scale factor of the complete similar model and the thickness distortion similar model to obtain:
β M β a M m a m +β C β v C m v m +β K β x K m x m ＝β F F m
β M β a ＝β C β v ＝β K β x ＝β F
integrating t at two ends of the motion equation to obtain:
Mv+Cx+Kxt＝Ft
similarly, substituting the ratio factors of each collision parameter of the complete similar model and the thickness distortion similar model to obtain:
β M β v M m v m +β C β x C m x m +β K β x β t K m x m t m ＝β F β t F m t m
β M β v ＝β C β x ＝β K β x β t ＝β F β t
integrating t at the two ends of the motion equation again to obtain:
Mx+Cxt+Kxt 2 ＝Ft 2
similarly, the scale factors of the complete similar model and the thickness distortion similar model are substituted to obtain:
β M β x M m x m +β C β x β t C m x m t m +β K β x β t 2 K m x m t 2 m ＝β F β t 2 F m t 2 m
β M β x ＝β C β x β t ＝β K β x β t 2 ＝β F β t 2
for the five-hole energy absorption structure, the cross section shape of the five-hole energy absorption structure needs to be fully considered, and the equivalent volume after distortion is set as W m The calculation method of the equivalent volume is five-hole suctionThe product of the total length of the section of the energy-absorbing structure, the total length of the energy-absorbing structure and the wall thickness; the scale factor of the full similar model of the equivalent volume and the thickness distortion similar model is beta W ＝W m /W p Since the materials of the small scale model and prototype remain the same, beta M ＝β W . Equivalent volume W of prototype of five-hole energy-absorbing structure p ＝7790cm 3 The prototype mass can be calculated as 21.033kg, 0.7% of the test trolley mass, and beta W Since the value of (2) is 1 or less in the study, β is set to simplify the calculation M =1. For a five-hole thin-wall structure, the energy absorption energy is the most important factor influencing the train collision behavior, and the complete similarity of energy is ensured to be the effective basis of a collision similar model of the energy absorption structure, so that beta can be achieved E Analysis was performed with =1. Summarizing the deduction results to obtain a distortion similarity relationship existing in the collision:
in other possible embodiments, if other energy absorbing structures are to be used, the above-mentioned ideas can be referred to for simplification or for reasonable simplification according to the specific structure.
Step 2: and constructing a series of thickness distortion similar models and performing simulation analysis. Setting a thickness distortion factor and a scaling factor, setting the value of a deceleration proportion, sequentially taking the values, and determining the other collision parameter scale factors according to the deceleration scale factor and the equation set in the step 1 to obtain a series of thickness distortion similar models; and further, taking the deceleration scale factor in the collision parameter scale factors as an independent variable, and utilizing a simulation result to perform error analysis to obtain the optimal deceleration scale factor under the thickness distortion factor. And setting a series of thickness distortion factors, and constructing a prediction model of the optimal deceleration scaling factor-thickness distortion factor according to the optimal deceleration scaling factor under each thickness distortion factor.
Simulation of a completely similar model: according to the train collision similarity law, as shown in Table 1, complete similarity models with the reduction ratios of 1/2,1/4,1/6,1/8 and 1/10 are respectively established for simulation analysis, and parameters of the models are shown in Table 2. And restoring simulation results of all mechanical parameters in the collision process by using a proportional relation of a similarity law, comparing the relations between all the parameters and the prototype under the impact action, summarizing errors of the characteristic parameters of the characteristic collision on the prototype prediction, summarizing rules, and obtaining all the collision characteristic parameters of the complete similarity model, wherein the collision characteristic parameters of the prototype can be accurately predicted.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
Only thickness distortion is considered, and the distortion model with influence on other parameters is not considered: and respectively establishing a plurality of groups of thickness distortion models with the reduction ratios of 1/2,1/4,1/6,1/8 and 1/10 for collision numerical simulation, scaling the distorted experimental parameters according to the complete similarity relationship as shown in the table 3, analyzing and comparing the parameter analysis result with the prototype, summarizing the error of the prototype prediction by the characteristic parameters of the characteristic collision, summarizing the rule, and observing that the predicted error after distortion is more than 30%.
TABLE 3 Table 3
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention takes the deceleration scale factors as independent variables, sets the value ranges to be sequentially valued, determines the scale factors corresponding to other collision parameters based on a distortion equation set, constructs a series of thickness distortion similar models and simulates the thickness distortion similar models.
For example, taking a thickness distortion factor of 1.5, the scale is 1:2, analyzing the condition, wherein the value range of the deceleration scale factor is 1.4-2.0, determining the rest collision parameters according to the distortion equation set, calculating, and comparing the obtained result with the prototype. According to the technical scheme, the optimal predicted point is judged through the collision duration time error, the peak force error and the compression amount error, so that the error of each key parameter is the minimum value under the condition that the deceleration scale factor is 1.8, and the specific optimal predicted point can be intuitively seen in fig. 5. When the deceleration scale factor is 1.8, the collision duration error is 2.62%, the peak force error is 1.47%, the compression error is 0.83%, and the error of each parameter is less than 3%, which indicates that the parameters of the prototype can be accurately predicted. The wall thickness mentioned in the energy absorption error deriving process has little influence on energy, and can be ignored, so the error is not used as a standard for judging the optimal predicted point. Therefore, the feasibility of the method for predicting the prototype of the wall thickness distortion model is shown, and the method has good accuracy, and as the method only takes one scale and one thickness distortion factor for research, the method needs to analyze the problem so as to meet the wide applicability;
TABLE 4 Table 4
Based on the above step, the thickness distortion factor gamma h For the case of 1.2,1.5,1.8, studies were conducted to apply the estimated correction factors to the models of 1/2,1/4,1/6,1/8 and 1/10 in the three cases, respectively, to obtain error results. The respective error values are expressed by a summation method, that is, the Peak force error, the compression amount error and the energy absorption amount error are summed, and the obtained error total value is defined as Peak force-Displacement-Energy absorption (PDE): θ PDE Error. In the case of scaling of 1/4 and 1/8,the error is generally small, and has the largest error in the case of scaling of 1/10, while the errors are stable in the case of scaling of 1/2 and 1/6, and the error of 1/10 is the largest but its θ PDE The error accumulation value, i.e. the total error, is not more than 8%, proving the feasibility of the method.
In summary, the present embodiment uses the deceleration scale factor among the collision parameter scale factors as the argument, the collision time error θ t Peak force error θ F Maximum displacement error θ S The optimization problem is constructed as an optimization target, expressed as:
wherein beta is a As a deceleration scale factor, beta amin ，β amax And taking the minimum value and the maximum value of the value range for the set deceleration proportion.
In order to realize multi-objective solution, the invention firstly builds the collision time error theta based on the kriging proxy model according to simulation data t Peak force error θ F Maximum displacement error θ S A database of deceleration scaling factors; then, based on the database, solving the optimization problem by adopting an optimization algorithm of non-dominant ordered genetic NSGA-II to obtain a collision time error theta t Peak force error θ F Maximum displacement error θ S The respective optimal deceleration scaling factors below.
The kriging proxy model is an interpolation technology, has high flexibility, can perform interpolation by selecting a correlation function, and can provide accurate interpolation according to the conditions of a plurality of optimization targets of the method, wherein R is the collision time error, the peak force error and the maximum displacement error of the kriging proxy model 2 0.96,0.93 and 0.99 respectively, the accuracy of the kriging model is very high, the kriging proxy model is shown in fig. 6, the collision time error, the peak force error and the maximum displacement error are seen from the graph, the maximum displacement error changes along with the change of the deceleration scale factor, and the curve change tends to beThe potential is obvious, and the influence of the design variable on the optimization target is obvious. Agent model based on deceleration scale factor needs to be optimized by means of an optimization algorithm. The optimization problem is a typical multi-objective optimization problem, the NSGA-II has high convergence speed, uniform distribution of Pareto front edges and simple algorithm, so that the optimization algorithm of the NSGA-II is used for calculation, each optimization objective takes the obtained minimum value as the objective, and the weights of the three optimization objectives are the same. The optimization results are shown in fig. 7, and the three graphs are the optimization result graphs of the three design variables, wherein the optimization result graphs respectively comprise all the optimization results, pareto fronts and optimal points, and the optimal points represent that the three design variables all keep low values at the moment, which means that the thickness distortion similar model has the optimal prediction effect at the point, so that the optimal deceleration scale factor after optimization is 1.8093.
Step 3: and constructing a thickness distortion similar model of the train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe under any thickness distortion factor according to a prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor, so as to be used for a collision test.
The embodiment of the invention defines the thickness distortion factor gamma through a Boltzmann function h Proportional to deceleration factor beta a Wherein the deceleration scale factor beta a As a correction factor, a thickness distortion factor gamma is obtained based on a derivation method of an optimal predicted point h Proportional to deceleration factor beta a As shown in fig. 8, and yields the relationship: βa= 5.2705+ (0.1194-5.2705)/{ 1+exp [ (γh-1.9663)/0.6534]}。R 2 Is an index for measuring the fitting degree of a functional relation, and R of the prediction model 2 Reaching 0.9970, the prediction model is shown to have high accuracy, and correction factors can be quickly derived with knowledge of the distortion factors using the relationship.
The above fitting equation is the result obtained in this embodiment, and in other possible embodiments, the corresponding thickness distortion factor γ can be obtained according to the above-described idea h Proportional to deceleration factor beta a Is a relation of (3).
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a system based on the above model construction method, which includes:
The deduction module is used for deducting a distortion similarity theory on the train thin-wall energy absorption tube according to a collision energy equation to obtain various collision parameter scale factor equation sets between the complete similarity models and the thickness distortion similarity models;
the thickness distortion similar model construction and simulation module is used for constructing a series of thickness distortion similar models and performing simulation analysis;
setting a thickness distortion factor and a scaling factor, setting the value of a deceleration proportion, sequentially taking the values, and determining the other collision parameter scale factors according to the deceleration scale factor and the equation set in the step 1 to obtain a series of thickness distortion similar models; taking the deceleration scale factor in the collision parameter scale factors as an independent variable, and performing error analysis by using a simulation result to obtain an optimal deceleration scale factor under the thickness distortion factor;
setting a series of thickness distortion factors, and constructing a prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor according to the optimal deceleration scale factor under each thickness distortion factor;
and the application module is used for constructing a thickness distortion similar model of the train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe under any thickness distortion factor according to the prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor so as to be used for or to carry out a collision test.
It should be understood that the implementation of the respective modules may be stated with reference to the foregoing method, and the above-described division of the functional modules is merely a division of logic functions, and there may be another division manner when actually implemented, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Meanwhile, the integrated units can be realized in a hardware form or a software functional unit form.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides an electronic terminal, which at least includes:
one or more processors;
a memory storing one or more computer programs;
the processor invokes the computer program to perform:
a method for constructing a thickness distortion scaling model of a train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: deducing a distortion similarity theory of the train thin-wall energy absorption tube according to a collision energy equation to obtain various collision parameter scale factor equation sets between the complete similarity models and the thickness distortion similarity models;
step 2: constructing a series of thickness distortion similar models and performing simulation analysis;
setting a thickness distortion factor and a scaling factor, setting the value of a deceleration proportion, sequentially taking the values, and determining the other collision parameter scale factors according to the deceleration scale factor and the equation set in the step 1 to obtain a series of thickness distortion similar models; taking the deceleration scale factor in the collision parameter scale factors as an independent variable, and performing error analysis by using a simulation result to obtain an optimal deceleration scale factor under the thickness distortion factor;
Setting a series of thickness distortion factors, and constructing a prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor according to the optimal deceleration scale factor under each thickness distortion factor;
step 3: and constructing a thickness distortion similar model of the train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe under any thickness distortion factor according to a prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor, so as to be used for a collision test.
The memory may comprise high-speed RAM memory, and may also include a non-volatile defibrillator, such as at least one disk memory.
If the memory and the processor are implemented independently, the memory, the processor, and the communication interface may be interconnected by a bus and communicate with each other. The bus may be an industry standard architecture bus, an external device interconnect bus, or an extended industry standard architecture bus, among others. The buses may be classified as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc.
Alternatively, in a specific implementation, if the memory and the processor are integrated on a chip, the memory and the processor may communicate with each other through an internal interface.
It should be appreciated that in embodiments of the present invention, the processor may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), which may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), off-the-shelf Programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The memory may include read only memory and random access memory and provide instructions and data to the processor. A portion of the memory may also include non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory may also store information of the device type.
Example 4:
the present embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that is called by a processor to execute:
a method for constructing a thickness distortion scaling model of a train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: deducing a distortion similarity theory of the train thin-wall energy absorption tube according to a collision energy equation to obtain various collision parameter scale factor equation sets under a complete similarity model and a thickness distortion similarity model;
step 2: constructing a series of thickness distortion similar models and performing simulation analysis;
setting a thickness distortion factor and a scaling factor, setting the value of a deceleration proportion, sequentially taking the values, and determining the other collision parameter scale factors according to the deceleration scale factor and the equation set in the step 1 to obtain a series of thickness distortion similar models; taking the deceleration scale factor in the collision parameter scale factors as an independent variable, and performing error analysis by using a simulation result to obtain an optimal deceleration scale factor under the thickness distortion factor;
setting a series of thickness distortion factors, and constructing a prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor according to the optimal deceleration scale factor under each thickness distortion factor;
Step 3: and constructing a thickness distortion similar model of the train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe under any thickness distortion factor according to a prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor, so as to be used for a collision test.
For a specific implementation of each step, please refer to the description of the foregoing method.
The readable storage medium is a computer readable storage medium, which may be an internal storage unit of the controller according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, for example, a hard disk or a memory of the controller. The readable storage medium may also be an external storage device of the controller, such as a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card) or the like, which are provided on the controller. Further, the readable storage medium may also include both an internal storage unit and an external storage device of the controller. The readable storage medium is used to store the computer program and other programs and data required by the controller. The readable storage medium may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.
Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or a part contributing to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, comprising several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned readable storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
It should be emphasized that the examples described herein are illustrative rather than limiting, and that this invention is not limited to the examples described in the specific embodiments, but is capable of other embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention, whether modified or substituted, and still fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A thickness distortion scaling model construction method of a train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: deducing a distortion similarity theory of the train thin-wall energy absorption tube according to a collision energy equation to obtain various collision parameter scale factor equation sets between a complete similarity model and a thickness distortion similarity model;
step 2: constructing a series of thickness distortion similar models and performing collision simulation analysis;
setting a thickness distortion factor and a scaling factor, setting a value of a deceleration scaling factor, sequentially taking the values of the deceleration scaling factors, and determining the other collision parameter scaling factors according to the deceleration scaling factor and the equation set in the step 1 to obtain a series of thickness distortion similar models; taking the deceleration scale factor in the collision parameter scale factors as an independent variable, and performing error analysis by using a simulation result to obtain an optimal deceleration scale factor under the thickness distortion factor;
Setting a series of thickness distortion factors, and constructing a prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor according to the optimal deceleration scale factor under each thickness distortion factor;
step 3: and constructing a thickness distortion similar model of the train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe under any thickness distortion factor according to a prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor, so as to be used for a collision test.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in thatThe method comprises the following steps: the collision parameters are the combination of mass matrix, deceleration, impact force, speed, displacement, damping, rigidity matrix, time and energy, and M is set m 、a m 、F m 、v m 、x m 、C m 、K m 、t m 、E m Mass, deceleration, impact force, speed, displacement, damping, stiffness matrix, time and energy of the thickness distortion similar model; μm and set up p 、a p 、F p 、v p 、x p 、C p 、K p 、t p 、E p Mass, deceleration, impact, velocity, displacement, damping, stiffness matrix, time and energy of the completely similar model, respectively; wherein, let: beta M ＝M m /M p ，β a ＝a m /a p ，β F ＝F m /F p ，β v ＝v m /v p ，β x ＝x m /x p ，β C ＝C m /C p ，β K ＝K m /K p ，β t ＝t m /t p ，β E ＝E m /E p ，β M ，β a ，β F ，β v ，β x ，β C ，β K ，β t ，β E The mass, deceleration, impact force, velocity, displacement, damping, stiffness matrix and time and energy scale factors between the completely similar model and the thickness distortion similar model, respectively.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the deduction process of the various collision parameter scale factor equation sets between the complete similar model and the thickness distortion similar model in the step 1 is as follows:
Analyzing a collision energy equation Ma+Cv+Kx=F of the train thin-wall energy absorption tube, wherein M, a, C, v, K, x and F are mass, deceleration, damping, speed, stiffness matrix, displacement and impact force respectively, and integrating time t at two ends of the equation to obtain the following steps:
substituting various collision parameter scale factors of the complete similar model and the thickness distortion similar model to obtain:
β M β a M m a m +β C β v C m v m +β K β x K m x m ＝β F F m
β M β a ＝β C β v ＝β K β x ＝β F
and integrating the time t at two ends of the collision energy equation to obtain:
Mv+Cx+Kxt＝Ft
and similarly, substituting various collision parameter scale factors of the complete similar model and the thickness distortion similar model to obtain:
β M β v M m v m +β C β x C m x m +β K β x β t K m x m t m ＝β F β t F m t m
β M β v ＝β C β x ＝β K β x β t ＝β F β t
and integrating the time t at two ends of the integrated energy collision equation again to obtain:
Mx+Cxt+Kxt 2 ＝Ft 2
similarly, substituting various collision parameter scale factors of the complete similar model and the thickness distortion similar model to obtain:
β M β x M m x m +β C β x β t C m x m t m +β K β x β t 2 K m x m t 2 m ＝β F β t 2 F m t 2 m
β M β x ＝β C β x β t ＝β K β x β t 2 ＝β F β t 2 。
4. a method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe is a five-hole energy-absorbing pipe, the cross section of the five-hole energy-absorbing pipe is five hexagons which are connected with each other, and one side of each pipe is provided with an inward guiding groove;
the equation set of various collision parameter scale factors between the completely similar model and the thickness distortion similar model of the five-hole energy absorption tube is simplified into:
5. a method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the predictive model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor is expressed as:
β a ＝5.2705+(0.1194-5.2705)/{1+exp[(γ h -1.9663)/0.6534]}。
Wherein, gamma h Is a thickness distortion factor.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a process of using the deceleration scale factor in the collision parameter scale factors as an independent variable and utilizing a simulation result to perform error analysis to obtain the optimal deceleration scale factor under the thickness distortion factor: is to scale the collision parameterAs an independent variable, and a collision time error θ t Peak force error θ F Maximum displacement error θ S The optimization problem is constructed as an optimization target, expressed as:
wherein beta is a As a deceleration scale factor, beta amin ，β amax And taking the minimum value and the maximum value of the value range for the set deceleration proportion.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: the process for solving the optimization problem is as follows:
constructing collision time error theta based on kriging proxy model according to simulation data t Peak force error θ F Maximum displacement error θ S A database of deceleration scaling factors; wherein the collision time error θ t Peak force error θ F Maximum displacement error θ S The Kirschner agent models of the Kirschner are all provided with the same or similar minimum rules;
setting the collision time error theta t Peak force error θ F Maximum displacement error θ S The corresponding weight coefficient is based on the database, and then the optimization problem is solved by adopting an optimization algorithm of non-dominant ordered genetic NSGA-II to obtain the collision time error theta t Peak force error θ F Maximum displacement error θ S The respective optimal deceleration scaling factors below.
8. The system of any one of claims 1-7, wherein: at least comprises:
the deduction module is used for deducting a distortion similarity theory of the train thin-wall energy absorption tube according to a collision energy equation to obtain a complete similarity model and various collision parameter scale factor equation sets under the thickness distortion similarity model;
the thickness distortion similar model construction and simulation module is used for constructing a series of thickness distortion similar models and performing simulation analysis;
setting a thickness distortion factor and a scaling factor, setting the value of a deceleration proportion, sequentially taking the values, and determining the other collision parameter scale factors according to the deceleration scale factor and the equation set in the step 1 to obtain a series of thickness distortion similar models; taking the deceleration scale factor in the collision parameter scale factors as an independent variable, and performing error analysis by using a simulation result to obtain an optimal deceleration scale factor under the thickness distortion factor;
Setting a series of thickness distortion factors, and constructing a prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor according to the optimal deceleration scale factor under each thickness distortion factor;
and the application module is used for constructing a thickness distortion similar model of the train thin-wall energy-absorbing pipe under any thickness distortion factor according to the prediction model of the optimal deceleration scale factor-thickness distortion factor so as to be used for or to carry out a collision test.
9. An electronic terminal, characterized in that: at least comprises:
one or more processors;
a memory storing one or more computer programs;
the processor invokes the computer program to perform:
the method of any one of claims 1-7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized by: a computer program is stored, the computer program being invoked by a processor to perform:
the method of any one of claims 1-7.
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