CN117449840A - Directional optical fiber monitoring and early warning system and method for thickened oil horizontal well - Google Patents
Directional optical fiber monitoring and early warning system and method for thickened oil horizontal well Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
- E21B47/135—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency using light waves, e.g. infrared or ultraviolet waves
Abstract
The invention discloses an azimuth type optical fiber monitoring and early warning system and method for a thickened oil horizontal well, and relates to the technical field of azimuth type optical fiber sensing. The early warning system can measure the change of the flow pressure in the production process at the same time, can measure the data in the production process more accurately, effectively eliminates the influence of accidental factors on the measured data, and grasps the production dynamics of the oil well in real time; the two optical fiber groups are used for measuring, and the obtained measurement data are compared, so that the underground emergency can be locked quickly, and the problem that the measurement cannot be performed due to the damage of the optical fibers can be prevented. The early warning method of the invention monitors the temperature change in the pit in real time through the distributed optical fiber sensing technology, gives an alarm in time and accurately positions when the temperature of the shaft changes greatly, realizes the real-time on-line monitoring and early warning of the exploitation state of the oil well, and accurately positions the abnormal position in the pit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of azimuth type optical fiber sensing, in particular to an azimuth type optical fiber monitoring and early warning system and method for a thickened oil horizontal well.
Background
The optical fiber measurement technology is widely used in the fields of national defense and military, aerospace, energy and mineral resources, disaster monitoring, ring and the like. The optical fiber can be used for measuring physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, speed, displacement, vibration, sound field, flow and the like, so that the optical fiber monitoring under the petroleum well is gradually popularized and applied. At present, when optical fiber well logging is carried out, signal transmission and sensors are supported by optical fibers, and when the optical fibers are in a well, the optical fibers need to be completely wrapped by armor. The method is mainly used for monitoring production logging parameters, and optical fiber logging is sometimes used as an auxiliary measurement, and is matched with the traditional seven-parameter production logging for mutual verification. Full-well section Distributed Temperature (DTS) measurement and full-well section distributed acoustic wave sensing (DAS) measurement carried out by arranging armored optical cables inside and outside the casing or binding armored optical cables outside the coiled tubing have been widely applied to oil and gas resource development. Because the spatial resolution and the temperature measurement sensitivity of the common DTS modem instrument are limited, the well fluid output or water injection quantity errors of the perforation section which are only calculated according to the well temperature change are larger. At present, DAS-VSP data acquisition, microseism monitoring and passive seismic data acquisition are mainly adopted. The industry just begins to utilize DAS technique to gather underground noise data, utilizes noise data to infer the output condition of oil, gas and water at the section of underground perforation well. The production conditions of oil, gas and water in the underground perforation well section basically belong to qualitative or semi-quantitative explanation only according to underground noise data, so that the error is large, the accurate positioning cannot be realized, the monitoring accuracy is low, a correct early warning scheme cannot be provided, and the treatment cannot be performed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the azimuth type optical fiber monitoring and early warning system and method for the thickened oil horizontal well provided by the invention solve the problems that the error is large, accurate positioning cannot be realized, the monitoring accuracy is low, a correct early warning scheme cannot be provided, and the treatment cannot be performed due to the fact that single data are collected in the prior art.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the azimuth type optical fiber monitoring and early warning system for the thickened oil horizontal well comprises a laser emission module, a bidirectional coupling module, a monitoring module, a wavelength division multiplexing module, a first amplifying module, a second amplifying module, a signal acquisition and storage module, a signal processing module and a data display and alarm module;
the laser emission module is used for outputting laser and outputting the laser to the first input end of the bidirectional coupling module;
the first output end of the bidirectional coupling module is connected with the input end of the monitoring module, the second input end of the bidirectional coupling module is connected with the output end of the monitoring module, and the second output end of the bidirectional coupling module is connected with the input end of the wavelength division multiplexing module and is used for transmitting laser and optical fiber data;
the first output end of the wavelength division multiplexing module is connected with the input end of the first amplifying module, and the second output end of the wavelength division multiplexing module is connected with the input end of the second amplifying module and is used for dividing the frequency of the optical fiber data to obtain a first digital optical fiber pulse signal and a second digital optical fiber pulse signal;
the output end of the first amplifying module and the output end of the second amplifying module are both connected with the input end of the signal acquisition and storage module and are used for processing the corresponding digital optical fiber pulse signals to obtain corresponding current signals;
the output end of the signal acquisition and storage module is connected with the input end of the signal processing module and is used for combining the two groups of current signals to obtain combined optical fiber data and storing the combined optical fiber data;
the output end of the signal processing module is connected with the data display and alarm module; the signal processing module is used for processing the combined optical fiber data to obtain processed optical fiber data; and the data display and alarm module is used for processing and displaying the processed optical fiber data to obtain an early warning scheme.
Further, the laser emitting module comprises a laser diode LD chip and a driving circuit board; the bidirectional coupling module comprises a light emitting diode and a photosensitive bidirectional tube; the signal processing module comprises an FPGA, an ADC chip, a state machine and a timer.
Further, the monitoring module comprises a sleeve, an oil pipe, a sleeve azimuth optical fiber group, an oil pipe azimuth optical fiber group, a sleeve optical fiber, an oil pipe optical fiber clamp, a sleeve optical fiber pressure sensor, an oil pipe optical fiber pressure sensor, a wellhead sleeve optical fiber connection line, an oil pipe optical fiber connection and an optical signal modem;
the oil pipe is arranged in the sleeve; the sleeve azimuth optical fiber groups are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the sleeve; the oil pipe azimuth optical fiber groups are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the oil pipe; the sleeve optical fiber card is fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve; the oil pipe optical fiber clamp is fixed on the outer wall of the oil pipe; the sleeve optical fiber pressure sensor is arranged on the sleeve azimuth optical fiber group; the oil pipe optical fiber pressure sensor is arranged on the oil pipe azimuth optical fiber group; one end of the wellhead sleeve optical fiber connecting wire is connected with a sleeve azimuth optical fiber group, and the other end of the wellhead sleeve optical fiber connecting wire is connected with an optical signal modem; one end of the wellhead sleeve optical fiber connecting wire is connected with a sleeve azimuth optical fiber group, the other end of the wellhead sleeve optical fiber connecting wire is connected with an optical signal modem (one end of the wellhead sleeve optical fiber connecting wire is connected with the sleeve azimuth optical fiber group, the other end of the oil pipe optical fiber connecting wire is connected with one end of the optical signal modem, the other end of the optical signal modem is used as an output end of a monitoring module, and the sleeve azimuth optical fiber group and the oil pipe azimuth optical fiber group are used as input ends of the monitoring module.
Further, the sleeve azimuth optical fiber group and the oil pipe azimuth optical fiber group adopt steel belts to wrap the optical cable to generate longitudinal corrugated armored optical cable.
Further, the first amplification module and the second amplification module are identical and each comprise a photodiode and an amplifier connected in series.
The utility model provides an early warning method for viscous crude horizontal well azimuth type optical fiber monitoring early warning system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, transmitting laser through a laser transmitting module, and transmitting the laser to a monitoring module through a bidirectional coupling module to obtain optical fiber data;
s2, inputting the optical fiber data into a wavelength division multiplexing module through a bidirectional coupling module to divide the frequency to obtain a first digital optical fiber pulse signal and a second digital optical fiber pulse signal;
s3, respectively inputting the first digital optical fiber pulse signal and the second digital optical fiber pulse signal into a first amplifying module and a second amplifying module for processing to obtain corresponding current signals;
s4, inputting the two groups of current signals into a signal acquisition and storage module for combination, and obtaining and storing the combined optical fiber data;
s5, inputting the combined optical fiber data into a signal processing module to obtain processed optical fiber data;
and S6, inputting the processed optical fiber data to a data display and alarm module for processing and displaying to obtain an early warning scheme, and completing monitoring and early warning of the thickened oil horizontal well.
Further, the optical fiber data includes optical signals, noise data, and temperature data.
Further, step S5 further includes: converting the format of the combined optical fiber data to obtain converted optical fiber data; and performing data downsampling, data filtering, FBE and LF-DAS processing on the converted optical fiber data to obtain processed optical fiber data.
Further, step S6 further includes: analyzing and storing the processed data to form a real-time database, and displaying and monitoring in real time;
establishing different data models according to the production mode of the oil well;
and comparing the monitoring data at the current moment with the data before the current moment through a corresponding data model according to the production mode of the pump, and if the real-time data at the current moment and the data before the current moment have large differences, carrying out early warning on the corresponding well section.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the system can measure the change of the flow pressure in the production process at the same time, can measure the data in the production process more accurately, effectively eliminates the influence of accidental factors on the measured data, and grasps the production dynamics of the oil well in real time; the two optical fiber groups are used for measuring, and the obtained measurement data are compared, so that the underground emergency can be locked quickly, and the problem that the measurement cannot be performed due to the damage of the optical fibers can be prevented. The method monitors the temperature change in the pit in real time through a distributed optical fiber sensing technology, gives an alarm in time and accurately positions when the temperature of a shaft changes greatly, realizes real-time on-line monitoring and early warning of the exploitation state of an oil well, and accurately positions the abnormal position in the pit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a detailed construction diagram of the early warning system of the present method;
FIG. 2 is a specific construction diagram of a monitoring module of the early warning system of the present method;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the early warning method of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a sleeve; 2. an oil pipe; 3. a sleeve azimuth fiber group; 4. an oil pipe azimuth optical fiber group; 5. a ferrule fiber card; 6. an oil pipe optical fiber clip; 7. a sleeve fiber optic pressure sensor; 8. an oil pipe optical fiber pressure sensor; 9. connecting the wellhead sleeve optical fibers; 10. connecting an oil pipe optical fiber; 11. an optical signal modem.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and all the inventions which make use of the inventive concept are protected by the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined in the appended claims to those skilled in the art.
As shown in FIG. 1, the azimuth type optical fiber monitoring and early warning system for the thickened oil horizontal well comprises a laser emission module, a bidirectional coupling module, a monitoring module, a wavelength division multiplexing module, a first amplifying module, a second amplifying module, a signal acquisition and storage module, a signal processing module, a data display module and an alarm module;
the laser emission module is used for outputting laser and outputting the laser to the first input end of the bidirectional coupling module;
the first output end of the bidirectional coupling module is connected with the input end of the monitoring module, the second input end of the bidirectional coupling module is connected with the output end of the monitoring module, and the second output end of the bidirectional coupling module is connected with the input end of the wavelength division multiplexing module and is used for transmitting laser and optical fiber data;
the first output end of the wavelength division multiplexing module is connected with the input end of the first amplifying module, and the second output end of the wavelength division multiplexing module is connected with the input end of the second amplifying module and is used for dividing the frequency of the optical fiber data to obtain a first digital optical fiber pulse signal and a second digital optical fiber pulse signal;
the output end of the first amplifying module and the output end of the second amplifying module are both connected with the input end of the signal acquisition and storage module and are used for processing the corresponding digital optical fiber pulse signals to obtain corresponding current signals;
the output end of the signal acquisition and storage module is connected with the input end of the signal processing module and is used for combining the two groups of current signals to obtain combined optical fiber data and storing the combined optical fiber data;
the output end of the signal processing module is connected with the data display and alarm module; the signal processing module is used for processing the combined optical fiber data to obtain processed optical fiber data; and the data display and alarm module is used for processing and displaying the processed optical fiber data to obtain an early warning scheme.
The laser emission module comprises a laser diode LD chip and a driving circuit board; the bidirectional coupling module comprises a light emitting diode and a photosensitive bidirectional tube; the signal processing module comprises an FPGA, an ADC chip, a state machine and a timer.
As shown in fig. 2, the monitoring module comprises a sleeve 1, an oil pipe 2, a sleeve azimuth optical fiber group 3, an oil pipe azimuth optical fiber group 4, a sleeve optical fiber card 5, an oil pipe optical fiber card 6, a sleeve optical fiber pressure sensor 7, an oil pipe optical fiber pressure sensor 8, a wellhead sleeve optical fiber connection 9, an oil pipe optical fiber connection 10 and an optical signal modem 11;
the oil pipe 2 is arranged in the sleeve 1; the sleeve azimuth optical fiber groups 3 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the sleeve 1; the oil pipe azimuth optical fiber groups 4 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the oil pipe 2; the sleeve optical fiber card 5 is fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve 1; the oil pipe optical fiber clamp 6 is fixed on the outer wall of the oil pipe 2; the sleeve optical fiber pressure sensor 7 is arranged on the sleeve azimuth optical fiber group 3; the oil pipe optical fiber pressure sensor 8 is arranged on the oil pipe azimuth optical fiber group 4; one end of the wellhead sleeve optical fiber connecting wire 9 is connected with the sleeve azimuth optical fiber group 3, and the other end of the wellhead sleeve optical fiber connecting wire 9 is connected with the optical signal modem 11; one end of a wellhead sleeve optical fiber connecting wire 9 is connected with the sleeve azimuth optical fiber group 3, and the other end of the wellhead sleeve optical fiber connecting wire 9 is connected with one end of an optical signal modem 11; one end of the oil pipe optical fiber connecting wire 10 is connected with the sleeve azimuth optical fiber group 3, and the other end of the oil pipe optical fiber connecting wire 10 is connected with one end of the optical signal modem 11; the other end of the optical signal modem 11 is used as an output end of the monitoring module; the sleeve azimuth optical fiber group 3 and the oil pipe azimuth optical fiber group 4 are used as input ends of the monitoring module.
The sleeve azimuth optical fiber group 3 and the oil pipe azimuth optical fiber group 4 are corrugated armored optical cables which are longitudinally wrinkled by adopting steel belts to wrap the optical cables.
The first amplifying module and the second amplifying module are identical and each comprise a photoelectric avalanche diode and an amplifier which are connected in series.
As shown in fig. 3, an early warning method for a thick oil horizontal well azimuth type optical fiber monitoring early warning system comprises the following steps:
s1, transmitting laser through a laser transmitting module, and transmitting the laser to a monitoring module through a bidirectional coupling module to obtain optical fiber data;
s2, inputting the optical fiber data into a wavelength division multiplexing module through a bidirectional coupling module to divide the frequency to obtain a first digital optical fiber pulse signal and a second digital optical fiber pulse signal;
s3, respectively inputting the first digital optical fiber pulse signal and the second digital optical fiber pulse signal into a first amplifying module and a second amplifying module for processing to obtain corresponding current signals;
s4, inputting the two groups of current signals into a signal acquisition and storage module for combination, and obtaining and storing the combined optical fiber data;
s5, inputting the combined optical fiber data into a signal processing module to obtain processed optical fiber data;
and S6, inputting the processed optical fiber data to a data display and alarm module for processing and displaying to obtain an early warning scheme, and completing monitoring and early warning of the thickened oil horizontal well.
The optical fiber data comprises optical signals, noise data and temperature data.
Step S5 further comprises: converting the format of the combined optical fiber data to obtain converted optical fiber data; and performing data downsampling, data filtering, FBE and LF-DAS processing on the converted optical fiber data to obtain processed optical fiber data.
Step S6 further comprises: analyzing and storing the processed data to form a real-time database, and displaying and monitoring in real time;
establishing different data models according to the production mode of the oil well; wherein, the data model can adopt random forest and gradient lifting tree;
and comparing the monitoring data at the current moment with the data before the current moment through a corresponding data model according to the production mode of the pump, and if the real-time data at the current moment and the data before the current moment have large differences, carrying out early warning on the corresponding well section.
In one embodiment of the invention, stress changes caused by underground fluid flow can cause the opening or closing of a fracturing artificial crack to generate noise and microseism signals, the transformation conditions of different reservoir fracturing sections are judged through the distribution of the noise and microseism signals of different sections of a vertical well or a horizontal well, and meanwhile, the movement conditions of the transformed well in different stages of liquid discharge, test, normal production and the like are comprehensively analyzed; and analyzing whether the artificial joint net between different wells of the same platform generates stress interference and other influences, analyzing the influence of different geological conditions on oil and gas production, comparing the crack scale formed by fracturing and oil and gas production, and evaluating the liquid sweep range, vibration caused by stress transmission and the effective production range. And (3) monitoring and analyzing the drainage and oil production conditions in production in real time, and calculating and analyzing the flow of different sections of the horizontal well. In order to solve the problems of horizontal well flow and water content after fracturing, underground real-time monitoring and analysis of the water content of an oil well are carried out, a high water-bearing layer is closed in time, and the oil well is controlled to produce in a low water-bearing layer or a low water-bearing part.
The distributed optical fiber acoustic wave monitoring (DAS) technology utilizes an interrogator to send two clusters of laser pulses to the inside of an optical fiber, part of light is reflected back due to the fact that the optical fiber is not absolutely pure, rayleigh waves of back scattered light can generate phase change under the influence of acoustic waves, namely, the distance between two Rayleigh wave peaks can be correspondingly changed under the influence of the acoustic waves, and the acoustic wave amplitude on each meter of optical fiber is determined through analysis and calculation. Effectively converting the optical fiber into a series of acoustic signal sensors (or microphones) to identify fluid density, fluid migration, casing 1 leakage or equipment wear and failure early detection.
A distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system (DTS) is used for measuring a temperature profile in a well bore in real time, and the principle of the DTS is that the spatial temperature distribution information is obtained by raman scattering and optical time domain reflection generated when light is transmitted in an optical fiber. After the high-power narrow-pulse-width laser pulse LD is incident on the sensing optical fiber, weak back scattering light is generated, and the light is respectively Rayleigh (Rayleigh), anti-Stokes (Anti-Stokes) light and Stokes (Stokes) light according to different wavelengths. DTS is the most widely used distributed temperature monitoring technology, and can accurately measure the temperature of each meter on an optical fiber, wherein the highest working temperature reaches 300 ℃, the highest working temperature is accurate to 0.1 ℃, and the resolution is 0.01 ℃; the method is used for monitoring fluid flow noise signals, microseism monitoring, capacity segment determination, fluid flow range calculation, well spacing and water shutoff scheme determination.
The method is generally combined with a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave monitoring technology and a distributed optical fiber temperature measuring technology and applied to the fields of fluid flow calculation, gas-oil water distribution area exploration and research and the like. In the perforation section of the oil and gas production well, the noise characteristics and frequencies of the oil, gas and water flowing into the well are different, and whether the oil, gas or water flowing into the well flows into the well can be distinguished according to the recorded downhole noise characteristics and frequencies. And calculating the flow by combining temperature data measured by underground optical fibers, noise data and pressure data measured by the optical fibers with other parameters: if there is some production in the zone, theoretically, as long as the production is greater than zero, it means that the reservoir pressure in the zone must be greater than the well pressure corresponding to the zone.
In the present invention, a driving circuit board in a laser emitting module supplies an electric driving signal to a laser diode LD chip, which emits laser light in response to the electric driving signal. The sensing optical fiber is arranged in the oil well, and the temperature and vibration conditions of each point on the tested cable are accurately obtained according to the Raman scattered light of the optical pulse signal sent by the laser transmitting module. And (3) transmitting an optical pulse into the optical fiber by using the optical fiber as a temperature information transmission medium to obtain temperature data of the optical fiber. Each individual point in the fiber will back scatter a small fraction of the light, including Stokes light (Stokes) and anti-Stokes light (anti Stokes). Wherein, stokes light is independent of temperature, and the intensity of anti-Stokes light changes with the change of temperature, and the temperature value T can be obtained by the quantitative relation of the ratio of anti-Stokes light to Stokes light and the temperature:
wherein K represents Boltzmann constant, Δf represents Raman optical frequency increment, h represents Planck constant, I AS Representing anti-Stokes light intensity, I S Representing Stokes light intensity, f 0 In (·) represents the frequency of the accompanying light, and In (·) represents a logarithmic function based on an irrational number e.
By means of the time difference deltat between the incident light and the backscattered light i And the light propagation speed in the optical fiber, the distance between different injection points and the incidence end can be calculated to obtain the continuous temperature distribution X of the optical fiber along the path i The formula is as follows:
wherein C is k Indicating the speed of light propagation in the fiber.
Brillouin scattering is a type of inelastic light scattering that results from the interaction of incident light with acoustic phonons. The brillouin frequency shift v exists between the brillouin scattered light and the incident light, and is sensitive to temperature and strain, and the relation is as follows:
v＝v 0 +C vε Δε+C vT ΔT
wherein v is 0 Represents the brillouin shift in the reference state, C vε Represents the brillouin frequency shift strain coefficient, delta epsilon represents the strain change value, and C vT The brillouin frequency shift temperature coefficient is represented, and Δt represents the temperature change value.
The distributed optical fiber sensing technology based on brillouin scattering can be classified into a brillouin optical time domain reflectometer and a brillouin optical time domain analyzer. The continuous light output by the laser emission module is divided into two paths, one path of the continuous light is modulated into pulse light and then enters two optical fiber groups in the monitoring module, the spontaneous Brillouin scattered light which returns backward and the other path of the continuous light enter the wavelength division multiplexing module after passing through the bidirectional coupling module, and the measurement of temperature and strain can be realized by detecting the frequency and the intensity of the Brillouin scattered light.
In the bidirectional coupling module, the optical signals in the optical fibers are indirectly coupled through the bidirectional coupling module, namely, the signals transmitted by the optical fibers are converted into electric signals, and then the electric signals are processed, so that the effective transmission of the signals is realized. The input stage and the output stage of the bidirectional coupling module are respectively a light emitting diode and a photosensitive bidirectional tube, when the bidirectional coupling module is conducted, the bidirectional current flowing through the bidirectional coupling module reaches 100mA, the voltage drop is less than 3V, and the minimum maintaining current is 0.1mA when the bidirectional coupling module is conducted. The blocking voltage is DC 250V when the bidirectional tube is cut off, and the bidirectional tube is changed from on to off when the maintaining current is less than 0.1mA. When the blocking voltage is more than 250V or the light emitting diode emits light, the bidirectional tube is conducted. In order to reduce the false triggering rate of the bidirectional coupling module, a resistance-capacitance absorption circuit is added at the output end of the bidirectional coupling module.
In the monitoring module, azimuth type optical fibers are respectively fixed outside a sleeve 1 and an oil pipe 2, and when the wellhead is connected in series, the azimuth type optical fibers are fixed at the wellhead by a metal card with a special mark and are sequentially put into the well. An optical signal modem 11 is placed at the wellhead, and the production dynamics of the oil well are mastered in real time by permanently monitoring important parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow and the like in the well on the ground through the device. The azimuth optical fibers comprise a sleeve azimuth optical fiber group 3 and an oil pipe azimuth optical fiber group 4.
4, 6, 8, 12 or more wells can be deployed at the depth of the well Zhou Tongyi, and can be selected according to the actual situation of the wellbore. The number of the optical fibers of the sleeve 1 and the oil pipe 2 can be combined differently to form 360-degree omnibearing monitoring on the circumference of the well. Firstly, a sleeve azimuth optical fiber group 3 and an oil pipe azimuth optical fiber group 4 which are distributed along the outer wall of a pipe are fixed outside a sleeve 1 and an oil pipe 2, and the sleeve 1, a sleeve optical fiber pressure sensor 7 and an oil pipe optical fiber pressure sensor 8 are respectively arranged on distributed optical fibers in advance. When the sleeve 1 and the oil pipe 2 go down the well, the sleeve optical fiber clamp 5 and the oil pipe optical fiber clamp 6 are respectively fixed at the wellhead in series, and after the sleeve 1 and the oil pipe 2 are sequentially lowered to the preset positions, the sleeve optical fiber clamp is connected with the optical fiber signal modem 11 on the ground through the wellhead sleeve optical fiber connecting line 9 and the oil pipe optical fiber connecting line 10. Because the azimuth optical fiber groups are armored and have long service life, the permanent real-time dynamic detection of the oil wells in the distributed azimuth optical fiber group is realized, and technical support is provided for timely eliminating production faults, stabilizing and improving the productivity of the oil wells.
The wavelength division multiplexing module is used for separating Stokes light and anti-Stokes light, two paths of optical signals are respectively connected with the signal acquisition module through the photoelectric avalanche diode and the amplifier module, the signal acquisition module is connected with the signal processing module, and the signal acquisition module acquires temperature sampling data every 0.5 meter in an optical fiber. The signal processing module acquires continuous temperature and vibration distribution data in the optical fiber according to a calculation formula in a temperature measuring method and a strain method of the optical fiber. The obtained temperature and vibration distribution data of the optical fiber are stored through a data storage module, and then visual view display, multi-stage alarm and historical data query are realized through a data display and alarm module.
The signal acquisition module and the signal processing module are respectively arranged on the two PCs and complete communication through a TCP/IP protocol. The signal acquisition and storage module calculates the temperature and vibration data of each sampling point on the optical fiber by processing Stokes data, anti-Stokes data, environmental temperature, vibration and other data, and sends the data of each sampling point to the signal processing module.
In the signal processing module, after the FPGA is triggered, an internal state machine of the FPGA starts to operate, and time sequence control and data reading are performed on the ADC. The state machine consists of a state register and a combinational logic circuit, is a central center of data acquisition and processing, and the working principle of the state machine is that the state machine jumps to a preset state according to the change of a control signal, and the signal processing module comprises an FPGA, an ADC, a state machine and a timer.
When the state machine is in an idle state, after the first trigger pulse arrives, the state machine starts an ADC initialization flow and sends a related command to an ADC chip. After the ADC chip is initialized, collecting input signals, storing collected data into an FPCA on-chip RAM, wherein the RAM comprises RAMI and RAM2, and the RAMI and the RAM2 respectively store data of a first channel and a second channel. Because the ADC chip adopts the pipeline technology to sample the effective data output and delay the effective data output by 6.5 clock cycles compared with the actual signal input, the state machine needs to perform time sequence compensation on the data collected by the ADC.
After time sequence compensation, the data are accumulated and stored, when the FPGA finishes 65536 times of accumulation and averaging, the data of RAMl and RAM2 are accumulated and averaged, 65536 times of accumulation and averaging are the maximum accumulation times of the signal processing module, and the maximum count of the internal timer is 65536. And sending an interrupt signal to the ARM, and then reading the accumulated average result through the synchronous read-only memory control bus of the ARM by the ARM, and after the data in the RAMl and the RAM2 are read. The ARM uploads the data to the data display and alarm module through the network, generates alarm information and displays a graphical interface.
In summary, the early warning system can measure the change of the flow pressure in the production process at the same time, can measure the data in the production process more accurately, effectively eliminates the influence of accidental factors on the measured data, and grasps the production dynamics of the oil well in real time; the two optical fiber groups are used for measuring, and the obtained measurement data are compared, so that the underground emergency can be locked quickly, and the problem that the measurement cannot be performed due to the damage of the optical fibers can be prevented. The early warning method of the invention monitors the temperature change in the pit in real time through the distributed optical fiber sensing technology, gives an alarm in time and accurately positions when the temperature of the shaft changes greatly, realizes the real-time on-line monitoring and early warning of the exploitation state of the oil well, and accurately positions the abnormal position in the pit.
Claims (9)
1. Be used for viscous crude horizontal well azimuth formula optic fibre monitoring early warning system, its characterized in that: the system comprises a laser emission module, a bidirectional coupling module, a monitoring module, a wavelength division multiplexing module, a first amplifying module, a second amplifying module, a signal acquisition and storage module, a signal processing module, a data display module and an alarm module;
the laser emission module is used for outputting laser and outputting the laser to the first input end of the bidirectional coupling module;
the first output end of the bidirectional coupling module is connected with the input end of the monitoring module, the second input end of the bidirectional coupling module is connected with the output end of the monitoring module, and the second output end of the bidirectional coupling module is connected with the input end of the wavelength division multiplexing module and is used for transmitting laser and optical fiber data;
the first output end of the wavelength division multiplexing module is connected with the input end of the first amplifying module, and the second output end of the wavelength division multiplexing module is connected with the input end of the second amplifying module and is used for dividing the frequency of the optical fiber data to obtain a first digital optical fiber pulse signal and a second digital optical fiber pulse signal;
the output end of the first amplifying module and the output end of the second amplifying module are both connected with the input end of the signal acquisition and storage module and are used for processing the corresponding digital optical fiber pulse signals to obtain corresponding current signals;
the output end of the signal acquisition and storage module is connected with the input end of the signal processing module and is used for combining the two groups of current signals to obtain combined optical fiber data and storing the combined optical fiber data;
the output end of the signal processing module is connected with the data display and alarm module and is used for processing the combined optical fiber data to obtain processed optical fiber data;
the data display and alarm module is used for processing and displaying the processed optical fiber data to obtain an early warning scheme.
2. The azimuth fiber monitoring and early warning system for a thickened oil horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein: the laser emission module comprises a laser diode LD chip and a driving circuit board; the bidirectional coupling module comprises a light emitting diode and a photosensitive bidirectional tube; the signal processing module comprises an FPGA, an ADC chip, a state machine and a timer.
3. The azimuth fiber monitoring and early warning system for a thickened oil horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein: the monitoring module comprises a sleeve (1), an oil pipe (2), a sleeve azimuth optical fiber group (3), an oil pipe azimuth optical fiber group (4), a sleeve optical fiber card (5), an oil pipe optical fiber card (6), a sleeve optical fiber pressure sensor (7), an oil pipe optical fiber pressure sensor (8), a wellhead sleeve optical fiber connection line (9), an oil pipe optical fiber connection line (10) and an optical signal modem (11);
the oil pipe (2) is arranged in the sleeve (1); the sleeve azimuth optical fiber groups (3) are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the sleeve (1); the oil pipe azimuth optical fiber groups (4) are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the oil pipe (2); the sleeve optical fiber card (5) is fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve (1); the oil pipe optical fiber clamp (6) is fixed on the outer wall of the oil pipe (2); the sleeve optical fiber pressure sensor (7) is arranged on the sleeve azimuth optical fiber group (3); the oil pipe optical fiber pressure sensor (8) is arranged on the oil pipe azimuth optical fiber group (4); one end of the wellhead sleeve optical fiber connecting wire (9) is connected with the sleeve azimuth optical fiber group (3), and the other end of the wellhead sleeve optical fiber connecting wire (9) is connected with the optical signal modem (11); one end of the wellhead sleeve optical fiber connecting wire (9) is connected with the sleeve azimuth optical fiber group (3), and the other end of the wellhead sleeve optical fiber connecting wire (9) is connected with one end of the optical signal modem (11); one end of the oil pipe optical fiber connecting wire (10) is connected with the sleeve azimuth optical fiber group (3), and the other end of the oil pipe optical fiber connecting wire (10) is connected with one end of the optical signal modem (11); the other end of the optical signal modem (11) is used as an output end of the monitoring module; and the sleeve azimuth optical fiber group (3) and the oil pipe azimuth optical fiber group (4) are used as input ends of the monitoring module.
4. The azimuth fiber monitoring and early warning system for a thickened oil horizontal well according to claim 3, wherein: the sleeve azimuth optical fiber group (3) and the oil pipe azimuth optical fiber group (4) are corrugated armored optical cables longitudinally wrinkled by adopting steel belts to wrap the optical cables.
5. The azimuth fiber monitoring and early warning system for a thickened oil horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein: the first amplifying module and the second amplifying module are identical and each comprise a photoelectric avalanche diode and an amplifier which are connected in series.
6. An early warning method for an azimuth type optical fiber monitoring early warning system for a thickened oil horizontal well based on any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, transmitting laser through a laser transmitting module, and transmitting the laser to a monitoring module through a bidirectional coupling module to obtain optical fiber data;
s2, inputting the optical fiber data into a wavelength division multiplexing module through a bidirectional coupling module to divide the frequency to obtain a first digital optical fiber pulse signal and a second digital optical fiber pulse signal;
s3, respectively inputting the first digital optical fiber pulse signal and the second digital optical fiber pulse signal into a first amplifying module and a second amplifying module for processing to obtain corresponding current signals;
s4, inputting the two groups of current signals into a signal acquisition and storage module for combination, and obtaining and storing the combined optical fiber data;
s5, inputting the combined optical fiber data into a signal processing module to obtain processed optical fiber data;
and S6, inputting the processed optical fiber data to a data display and alarm module for processing and displaying to obtain an early warning scheme, and completing monitoring and early warning of the thickened oil horizontal well.
7. The azimuth fiber monitoring and early warning method for the thickened oil horizontal well according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: the optical fiber data comprises optical signals, noise data and temperature data.
8. The azimuth fiber monitoring and early warning method for the thickened oil horizontal well according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the step S5 further includes: converting the format of the combined optical fiber data to obtain converted optical fiber data; and performing data downsampling, data filtering, FBE and LF-DAS processing on the converted optical fiber data to obtain processed optical fiber data.
9. The azimuth fiber monitoring and early warning method for the thickened oil horizontal well according to claim 8, which is characterized in that: the step S6 further includes: analyzing and storing the processed data to form a real-time database, and displaying and monitoring in real time;
establishing different data models according to the production mode of the oil well;
and comparing the monitoring data at the current moment with the data before the current moment through a corresponding data model according to the production mode of the pump, and if the real-time data at the current moment and the data before the current moment have large differences, carrying out early warning on the corresponding well section.
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