CN117449036A - Water vapor permeable fibrous material for a thermal storage of a thermal gradient - Google Patents
Water vapor permeable fibrous material for a thermal storage of a thermal gradient Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117449036A CN117449036A CN202311450349.0A CN202311450349A CN117449036A CN 117449036 A CN117449036 A CN 117449036A CN 202311450349 A CN202311450349 A CN 202311450349A CN 117449036 A CN117449036 A CN 117449036A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- fibrous
- nanofiber
- article according
- bonded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphosphonooxyalumanyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 filter screens Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
- D04H1/5418—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/559—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving the fibres being within layered webs
Abstract
The invention relates to a fiber material used on a water vapor permeable oblique temperature layer heat storage device, in particular to a material capable of simultaneously maintaining high water vapor permeability and avoiding water outflow in the heat storage device. The material includes a nanofiber layer bonded to and in face-to-face relationship with the outer layer surface. Further, if desired, a second fibrous layer may be bonded to and in face-to-face relationship with the nanofiber layer on the other side of the nanofiber layer relative to the first fibrous layer. The fibers have a frazier vapor transmission rate of no more than about 200L/m 2 S and about 400L/m 2 /s。
Description
The present application is a patent application entitled "water vapor permeable fibrous material for a thermal inclined layer accumulator".
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a multilayer moisture and airflow control material comprising a vapor control layer. The invention as claimed and disclosed has particular application in a thermal storage of the oblique temperature layer.
Background
In a cold-layer regenerator, it is desirable to use steam to extract heat for the heat consumer while retaining unvaporized moisture in order to provide dry steam for the heat consumer to use. It is generally recognized that the cold-layer regenerator must be "vapor permeable" to accommodate a variety of thermal applications. However, "breathable" materials are often prone to water penetration and do not truly retain moisture. The porous structure of the oblique temperature layer heat accumulator can be waterproof, but the satisfactory evaporation effect cannot be achieved.
In a skew layer regenerator, there are two factors that contribute to achieving a large flow of water vapor: the extent to which the gas phase flow passes or does not pass through the cold zone regenerator, and the permeation flow of the liquid phase. However, even the latest developed microporous film materials, while breathable, tend to limit the water vapor transmission rate to control the vapor transmission rate.
The invention relates to a layered material for an oblique temperature layer heat accumulator, which can provide controllable vapor permeability while having high vapor permeability.
Disclosure of Invention
In an embodiment of the present invention, a fibrous article is provided that has the ability to penetrate water vapor and effectively resist the penetration of water. The fibrous article is comprised of at least one fibrous layer adjacent to and in face-to-face relationship with the nanofiber layer. The nanofiber layer is a porous layer composed of polymeric nanofibers having a diameter distribution of between about 10nm and about 800nm and a basis weight of between about 10g/m2 and about 50g/m 2. The composite fiber has a frazier vapor transmission rate of between about 200L/m2/s and about 400L/m2/s. Thus, the fibrous product is capable of simultaneously transmitting water vapor and effectively preventing permeation of moisture.
Description of the embodiments
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a nanofiber layer adjacent to a fiber layer and optionally bonding the nanofiber layer to a partial region of the surface of the fiber layer. The terms "nanofiber layer" and "nanofiber web" may be used interchangeably herein.
The term "nanofiber" as defined herein refers to fibers having a diameter of less than about 8OOnm (even between about 10nm and 800 nm), a cross-sectional diameter or cross-section of between about 500nm and 600 nm. Herein, the term "diameter" includes the largest cross-section of a non-circular shape.
By "fibrous product" is meant any article that is installed inside a "cold plate regenerator" to prevent the outflow of internal water and to allow the outflow of water vapor. For example, a waterproofing membrane, a screen, a water-resistant layer, and a moisture-retaining layer may all be considered as fibrous articles that meet this definition.
"hot rolling" refers to the process of passing a web through a web gap between two webs by applying pressure at an elevated temperature. The spokes may be in contact with each other or have a fixed or variable gap between the spokes and the spoke surface.
The term "nonwoven" refers to a web comprising a plurality of fibers that are randomly distributed. The fibers may or may not generally be bonded to each other. The fibers may be staple fibers or continuous fibers. The fibers may be composed of a single material or multiple materials, may be a combination of multiple fibers or a combination of similar fibers, each combination comprising a different material.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a sloped layer regenerator having high water vapor transmission rate while having limited and controlled vapor transmission rate. The fibrous material comprises a nanofiber layer comprised of at least one porous layer of nanofibers having a basis weight of polymer nanofibers between about 80g/m2 and about 800g/m 2.
The oblique temperature layer regenerator of the present invention is a composite fiber comprising at least a first fiber layer adjacent and facing the nanofiber layer, and optionally a second fiber layer. The second fibrous layer is located above the nanofiber layer and on the opposite side from the first fibrous layer.
The oblique temperature layer regenerator of the present invention further includes regions wherein the frazier vapor permeability is no greater than about 400L/m2/s.
The nanofiber web consists essentially of nanofibers produced by spraying, either by spraying alone or in some cases by a melt-blown process.
A spray process for producing a nanofiber web includes feeding a polymer solution of a polymer and a solvent from a reservoir through a series of nozzles to a spinneret. The spinneret applies high pressure to expel the polymer solution through the spinneret. At the same time, the heated compressed air may optionally be discharged with air jets located on the sides or periphery of the spinning nozzle that direct the air generally downwardly into a blowing stream that envelopes and advances the newly issued polymeric solution to assist in the formation of the fibrous web. The web is collected on a grounded porous collection belt located above the vacuum chamber. The method can form a substantially continuous nanofiber web in a relatively short period of time.
The fibrous layer component of the present invention may be disposed on a collector to collect and mix the nanofiber web spun from the fibrous layer, thereby utilizing the fibrous layer/nanofiber web composite as the fibers of the present invention. Another option is to collect the nanoweb separately and then subject to post-treatment such as hot rolling, hydroentanglement, etc., and then combine with one or more fibrous layers.
There are no specific limitations on the materials that can be used to form the nanofibers of the nanofiber web, including materials such as silica, graphite, alumina, zinc oxide, steel, silver, and mixtures thereof. When forming the polymeric nanofiber webs of the present invention by spraying, any high temperature resistant material capable of being sprayed to form nanofibers can be used.
The nascent nanoweb of the invention may be subjected to calendering to impart the desired physical properties to the fibers of the invention, the nascent nanoweb may be fed into the nip between two webs, one of which is a soft web and one of which is a hard web, the temperature of the hard web being maintained between T1 and T2, wherein T1 is defined herein as the temperature at which the nanomaterial begins to soften and T2 is defined herein as the temperature at which the nanomaterial begins to melt, such that the nanofibers of the nanoweb are in a plastic state as they pass through the calendering nip. The composition and hardness of the spokes can be varied to produce the desired end-use characteristics of the fibers. One spoke may be a hard metal, such as steel, and the other a soft metal or polymer coated spoke or a composite spoke having a hardness less than Rockwell B50. The residence time of the web in the web gap between the two webs is controlled by the line speed of the web, preferably between about and about 10m/min, and the footprint between the two webs is the machine direction distance at which the web is contacted with both webs simultaneously. The footprint is controlled by the pressure applied at the nip between the two wons and is typically measured in terms of force per linear transverse dimension of the web, preferably between about 5mm and about 25 mm.
In addition, the nanofiber web can be stretched, optionally while being heated, to a temperature between T1 and the lowest T plus of the nanofiber polymer. Stretching may be performed before and/or after feeding the web to the calender web, in the machine direction or cross direction, or both.
A variety of high temperature resistant fibers are known and may be used as one or more of the fibrous layers of the present invention, for example, to make insulation layers, filter screens, water barriers, and the like. Typically, the vapor outlet component designed for use as a thermal regenerator for the cold layer is comprised of relatively loosely woven fibers made of inorganic fibers (e.g., asbestos, glass fibers, etc.) having a relatively low strength or toughness. Each fiber may have a tensile strength or tenacity of less than about 22 grams per denier (gpd), more typically less than about 15gpd, and in some cases less than about 8 gpd. Such materials may have a variety of beneficial properties such as gas permeability, high temperature resistance, and in some cases, abrasion resistance.
Different weave structures and different weave densities may be used to form several alternative woven composite fibers as a component of the present invention. Woven structures such as plain weave structures, reinforced plain weave structures (with double or multiple warps and/or wefts), twill weave structures, reinforced twill weave structures (with double or multiple warps and/or wefts), satin weave structures, reinforced satin weave structures (with double or multiple warps and/or wefts), hydroentangled structures may be used. Drawn woven fibers are also suitable for use in the present invention.
The nanoweb is bonded to a portion of the surface of the fibrous layer and may be attached to the fibrous layer by any means known to those skilled in the art, such as by bonding, heating, using a laser, or by an adhesive. In one embodiment, the nanoweb is adhesively bonded using a high temperature adhesive. In another embodiment, when the nanoweb is directly hot rolled onto the fiber.
Examples
Frazier vapor permeability is a measure of the flow of gas through a sheet at a given pressure differential between the sheet surfaces.
The three-layer fiber structure is made of glass fibers, a nanofiber web made of carbon nanotubes, and another layer of glass fibers. The three-layer fibrous structure is made by laminating the fiberglass fibers to the nanofiber web using a solvent-type aluminum dihydrogen phosphate adhesive, and then laminating the two-layer structure to the fiberglass backing layer using an aluminum dihydrogen phosphate adhesive. The final three-layer fiber construction was then tested for vapor permeability.
The vapor permeability of the single-layer glass fiber was measured to be 242L L/m 2 And/s, a steam permeability of 314/m as measured by a two-ply fibrous structure consisting of two plies of glass fibers laminated together 2 /s o As shown, the nanoweb composite provides a significant improvement in the construction of both single-ply and double-ply glass fiber fibers.
The nanofiber web greatly controls the vapor permeability of the fibrous structure. In addition, the vapor transmission rate can be further reduced by post-treating the nanoweb structure. Such structures using the post-treated nanofiber web showed a rise in vapor permeability of the glass fiber/nanofiber web/glass fiber construction to 376/m 2 /s 。
An important parameter of the fibrous material is the ability of the fibers to expel water vapor from the inside of the jacket to the outside. This parameter is called water vapor transmission rate. The positive nanoweb can avoid water leakage at the oblique temperature layer regenerator exit (if this is desired) while maintaining the water vapor transmission rate at a higher level. Such structures using the post-treated nanofiber web exhibit higher vapor transmission rates for glass fiber/nanofiber web/glass fiber constructions.
Claims (10)
1. An industrial fibrous material is capable of transmitting water vapor while retaining water. The article is a composite fiber comprised of at least one fibrous layer and adjacent nanofiber layers in face-to-face relationship. The nanofiber layer is a layer comprised of at least one porous inorganic nanofiber, the polymeric nanofiber has a number average diameter of between about 10nm and about 800nm, a basis weight of between about 10g/m2 and about 50g/m2, and a frazier vapor transmission rate of the composite fiber of between about 200L/m2/s and about 400L/m2/s.
2. A fibrous article according to claim 1 wherein the nanofiber layer and the fibrous layer are bonded to each other over a portion of their surfaces.
3. A fibrous article according to claim 2 wherein the nanofiber layer and the fibrous layer are bonded to each other using laser welding.
4. A fibrous article according to claim 2, wherein the composite fiber is produced by spraying a nanofiber layer onto the surface of the fiber layer, the nanofiber layer and the fiber layer being bonded to each other by a hydroentangling process.
5. A fibrous article according to claim 3 wherein the nanofiber layer and the fibrous layer are bonded to each other using an aluminum dihydrogen phosphate adhesive.
6. A fibrous article according to claim 2 wherein the nanofiber layer and the fibrous layer are bonded to each other in a hot rolled manner.
7. A fibrous article according to claim 1 wherein the nanofiber layer comprises inorganic nanofibers, the inorganic being silica, graphite, alumina, zinc oxide, steel, silver, and mixtures thereof, in crosslinked or uncrosslinked form.
8. A fibrous article according to claim 1 wherein the nanofiber layer is calendered.
9. A fibrous article according to claim 1 wherein the fibrous layer comprises a woven material, which may be nylon, fiberglass, asbestos, or combinations thereof.
10. A fibrous article according to claim 1 wherein the fibrous layer comprises woven fibers having a tenacity of less than about 8 gpd.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311450349.0A CN117449036A (en) | 2023-11-02 | 2023-11-02 | Water vapor permeable fibrous material for a thermal storage of a thermal gradient |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311450349.0A CN117449036A (en) | 2023-11-02 | 2023-11-02 | Water vapor permeable fibrous material for a thermal storage of a thermal gradient |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117449036A true CN117449036A (en) | 2024-01-26 |
Family
ID=89596316
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311450349.0A Pending CN117449036A (en) | 2023-11-02 | 2023-11-02 | Water vapor permeable fibrous material for a thermal storage of a thermal gradient |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117449036A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-11-02 CN CN202311450349.0A patent/CN117449036A/en active Pending
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