CN117447217A - Novel C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite capable of being immersed at room temperature and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Novel C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite capable of being immersed at room temperature and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011153 ceramic matrix composite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical compound C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 polydimethylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011204 carbon fibre-reinforced silicon carbide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012700 ceramic precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003257 polycarbosilane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XBIUWALDKXACEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[bis(2,4-dioxopentan-3-yl)alumanyl]pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC(=O)C(C(C)=O)[Al](C(C(C)=O)C(C)=O)C(C(C)=O)C(C)=O XBIUWALDKXACEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite capable of being immersed at room temperature and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: preparing liquid polyaluminocarbon silane with gradient aluminum element content; immersing the carbon fiber reinforcement in liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane under vacuum condition and at room temperature; pressurizing, insulating, crosslinking and solidifying the impregnated carbon fiber reinforcement; cracking the solidified preform in inert gas atmosphere; and repeating the dipping-curing-cracking process, gradually reducing the viscosity of the impregnant liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane along with the increase of dipping rounds, and ending until the weight gain of the sample does not exceed a required value or the density of the sample reaches the required density, thereby obtaining the C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite. The preparation method of the invention regulates and controls the rheological property through the aluminum content of the liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane, and has the advantages of high densification efficiency, simple and controllable process, good thermal stability, improved high temperature resistance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature-resistant ceramic matrix composite materials, and particularly relates to a novel C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material capable of being immersed at room temperature and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The C/SiC ceramic matrix composite material has the characteristics of high strength, high hardness, oxidation resistance, creep resistance, good abrasion resistance at high temperature, excellent chemical corrosion resistance, small thermal expansion coefficient, small relative density and the like, and has wide application prospect in the aspects of high-temperature thermal structural materials such as aerospace and the like. At present, the precursors for preparing the C/SiC composite material matrix are mainly solid polycarbosilane and liquid polycarbosilane. In order to meet the continuous demands of new generation aircrafts on the high temperature grade and oxidation resistance of materials, a novel C/SiC composite material impregnating matrix needs to be searched.
Polyaluminocarbonsilanes (PACS) are a novel class of ceramic precursors. The synthesis of polyaluminocarbonsilanes is typically achieved by reacting a silicone polymer with an aluminum-containing compound such as aluminum acetylacetonate, aluminum isopropoxide, and the like. The PACS can obtain 2200 ℃ high temperature resistant fiber with near stoichiometric ratio through melt spinning, non-melting treatment and high temperature sintering, is currently known ceramic fiber with optimal temperature resistance, and can promote ceramic sintering, help densification and effectively improve mechanical properties of ceramics by introducing heterogeneous element aluminum into SiC ceramic precursors.
Because the synthesis temperature of the existing synthesis method of the polyaluminocarbon silane is higher, the rheological property of the prepared polyaluminocarbon silane is poor, most of the prepared polyaluminocarbon silane is solid in blocks, and when the ceramic matrix composite material is prepared by adopting an impregnation-curing-cracking process, the solid impregnation phase needs to be matched with a solvent for use, and the solid impregnation phase often needs to be dissolved at high temperature and cannot be directly used as an impregnation matrix. Therefore, at present, polyaluminocarbon silane is mostly used for preparing high-temperature-resistant, oxidation-resistant and creep-resistant SiC fibers, and the research of using the polyaluminocarbon silane as a composite material impregnated matrix is still blank.
Thus, in view of the above problems, it is a key issue how to obtain polyaluminocarbonsilanes that can be used directly as impregnating substrates and to prepare novel C/SiAlC ceramic based composites.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the inventor conducts intensive researches and provides a novel C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material capable of being immersed at room temperature and a preparation method thereof, wherein the liquid state polyaluminocarbonsilane with controllable viscosity is prepared by adjusting the aluminum content in the polyaluminocarbonsilane, when the ceramic matrix composite material is prepared by adopting an immersion-solidification-cracking process (PIP process), the first few rounds adopt the liquid state polyaluminocarbonsilane with high viscosity as an impregnant, the later few rounds adopt the liquid state polyaluminocarbonsilane with low viscosity as the impregnant, the C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material can be rapidly obtained by gradient viscosity immersion, and the impregnation rounds are reduced.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, a method for preparing a novel room temperature impregnable C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material includes the steps of:
dissolving methylaluminoxane and polydimethylsiloxane PDMS in different mass ratios in an organic solvent, reacting for 2-12 hours at 50-90 ℃, and removing the organic solvent after the reaction is finished to prepare liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane with gradient aluminum element content;
immersing the carbon fiber reinforcement in liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane under vacuum condition and at room temperature;
pressurizing, insulating, crosslinking and solidifying the impregnated carbon fiber reinforcement;
cracking the solidified preform in inert gas atmosphere;
and (3) repeating the soaking-curing-cracking process, and gradually reducing the viscosity of the impregnant liquid polyaluminocarbon silane along with the increase of the soaking rounds, wherein the liquid polyaluminocarbon silane with gradually reduced aluminum element content is selected, and the process is finished until the weight gain of the sample does not exceed a required value or the density of the sample reaches the required density, so that the C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material is obtained.
In a second aspect, a novel room temperature impregnable C/sial ceramic matrix composite is prepared by the method of the first aspect.
According to the novel C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material capable of being immersed at room temperature and the preparation method thereof, the novel C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the novel room-temperature-impregnable C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite and the preparation method thereof, the content of aluminum element in polyaluminocarbon silane can be regulated by regulating the proportion of raw materials, the content of aluminum element in liquid polyaluminocarbon silane is increased, the viscosity of liquid polyaluminocarbon silane is increased, when the ceramic matrix composite is prepared by adopting a dipping-curing-cracking process (PIP process), the densification degree of the composite can be rapidly improved due to the fact that the internal pores of a preform are larger in the first several rounds, the densification degree of the composite can be rapidly improved due to the fact that the high-viscosity liquid polyaluminocarbon silane is adopted as an impregnant in the later several rounds, the reduction of the internal pores is achieved due to the fact that the low-viscosity liquid polyaluminocarbon silane is adopted as the impregnant, the impregnation rounds are effectively reduced, and the densification degree of the C/SiAlC composite is improved;
(2) According to the novel C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material capable of being immersed at room temperature and the preparation method thereof, the prepared liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane has good fluidity and good fiber wettability, can be directly immersed at room temperature without using an organic solvent, and is simple and convenient in step and simple in operation; compared with the traditional hot-pressing sintering method, the method has the advantages of low preparation temperature and uniform element composition distribution, and is suitable for preparing composite materials with various shapes and sizes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a macroscopic photograph (a) and a microscopic morphology map (b) of the novel gradient viscosity impregnated C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a typical densification profile of different cycles of a composite run of the novel gradient viscosity impregnated C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite prepared in example 1 versus a densification profile of a comparative composite panel;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the thermal weight loss of the novel gradient viscosity impregnated C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material prepared in example 1 at 1200 ℃.
Detailed Description
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and clear from the following detailed description of the invention.
The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
The invention provides a novel C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material capable of being immersed at room temperature, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a gradient viscosity impregnant: the impregnant is liquid polyaluminocarbon silane which is prepared by the following steps: methyl aluminoxane and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with different mass ratios are taken as raw materials, after being dissolved in an organic solvent, the raw materials react for 2 to 12 hours at 50 to 90 ℃, and after the reaction is finished, the organic solvent is removed, so that the liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane with gradient aluminum element content is obtained. The content of aluminum element in the liquid polyaluminocarbon silane is increased, and the viscosity of the liquid polyaluminocarbon silane is increased.
In this step, the mass ratio of methylaluminoxane to Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was 1: 1-1:100, wherein the mass percentage of aluminum element in the prepared liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane is 0-10%, and the viscosity of the liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane is 10-10000 mPa.s.
In the step, the organic solvent is one or more of toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran or n-hexane.
(2) Dipping: immersing the carbon fiber reinforcement in liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane under vacuum condition and at room temperature;
in the step, the carbon fiber in the carbon fiber reinforcement is one or more than one of the carbon fibers of the T300 grade, the carbon fiber of the T700 grade, the carbon fiber of the T800 grade, the carbon fiber of the T1000 grade, the carbon fiber of the M40J grade or the carbon fiber of the M55J grade.
In the step, the weaving form of the carbon fiber reinforcement comprises one or more of two-dimensional fiber cloth laying stitching, two-dimensional semi-weaving, orthogonal three-dimensional, three-dimensional winding, three-dimensional five-way or three-dimensional six-way combination.
In this step, an interfacial layer is deposited or not deposited on the carbon fiber reinforcement, the interfacial layer being pyrolytic carbon PyC or boron nitride BN.
In the step, the temperature in the dipping process is room temperature, the vacuum state is kept for 0.5 to 1 hour, the pressure is increased to 0.1 to 1.5MPa, and the dipping time is 0.5 to 3 hours. The viscosity of the liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane during impregnation is adjustable according to the aluminum content, and is between 10 and 10000 mPa.s.
(3) Curing: pressurizing and insulating the impregnated carbon fiber reinforcement, and then crosslinking and solidifying.
In the step, the curing temperature is 180-240 ℃, the curing pressure is 0.3-3 MPa, and the heat preservation time is 2-8 hours.
(4) Cracking: and cracking the solidified preform in an inert gas atmosphere.
In the step, the inert atmosphere is argon or nitrogen during the cracking, the cracking temperature is 900-1600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 hours.
The dipping-curing-cracking process is repeated, preferably the dipping-curing-cracking process is repeated for 6 to 12 times, and as the dipping round increases, liquid polyaluminocarbon silane with gradually reduced aluminum element content is selected, the viscosity of the impregnant liquid polyaluminocarbon silane is gradually reduced until the weight gain of the sample is not more than 2 percent or the density of the sample is more than 2g/cm 3 Obtaining the C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite.
Examples
Example 1
(1) Preparing a gradient viscosity impregnant: taking methylaluminoxane and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with different mass ratios as raw materials, dissolving an organic solvent, reacting for 6 hours at 80 ℃, and removing the organic solvent after the reaction is finished to obtain the liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane with gradient aluminum element content.
(2) Dipping: using a T300-3K carbon fiber fabric with an orthogonal three-way structure as a reinforcement body to prepare a 400mm multiplied by 500mm flat sample, soaking the flat sample in liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane at room temperature under vacuum, wherein the soaking pressure of 8 rounds is respectively 0.3, 0.5, 1 and 1.5MPa, and the soaking time of each round is 2 hours;
(3) Curing: pressurizing the impregnated carbon fiber flat sample to 2MPa, and crosslinking and curing in a baking oven at 200 ℃ for 2h;
(4) Cracking: cracking the plate sample piece solidified in the previous step for 2 hours at 900 ℃ in an argon atmosphere;
the dipping-curing-cracking process is repeated for 8 times, and then the novel gradient viscosity dipping C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material is obtained, wherein the macroscopic photograph and the microscopic morphology graph of the C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material are shown in figure 1. The viscosity of the impregnating phase used in each run and the density of the composite are shown in table 1 below. The relevant information for the comparative composites is also presented in table 1.
The polyaluminocarbon silane used in the comparative composite material is a liquid-phase polyaluminocarbon silane solution prepared by adding toluene solution into solid polyaluminocarbon silane at 80 ℃, and the dipping-curing-cracking parameters are consistent with those of the novel gradient viscosity dipping C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material. After 8 rounds of impregnation, the weight gain of the composite material (1) prepared by the method is only 1.3 percent, and the density reaches 1.95g/cm 3 The densification curve is shown in fig. 2; the density of the comparative composite material (2) reaches only 1.93g/cm after 12 rounds of dipping 3 。
TABLE 1
The C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material prepared by the preparation method has the room temperature tensile strength of 332MPa and good mechanical properties; the total weight loss of the alloy is 12% after sintering in air at 1200 ℃ for 60min, and the alloy has excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance performance, as shown in figure 3.
Example 2
(1) Preparing a gradient viscosity impregnant: taking methylaluminoxane and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with different mass ratios as raw materials, dissolving an organic solvent, reacting for 8 hours at 75 ℃, and removing the organic solvent after the reaction is finished to obtain the liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane with gradient aluminum element content.
(2) Dipping: using T700 carbon fiber fabric with orthogonal three-way structure as reinforcement, making 100mm x 100mm flat plate sample, soaking in polyaluminum carbosilane at room temperature under vacuum, the impregnation pressures of 11 rounds were 0.3, 0.3 0.5, 1, 1.5MPa, the impregnation time was 2 hours per round.
(3) Curing: pressurizing the impregnated carbon fiber flat sample to 2MPa, and crosslinking and curing in an oven at 220 ℃ for 2h;
(4) Cracking: cracking the plate sample piece solidified in the previous step for 2 hours at 1000 ℃ in argon atmosphere;
repeating the dipping-curing-cracking process for 11 times to obtain the novel gradient viscosity dipping C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material. The viscosity of the impregnating phase used in each run and the density of the composite are shown in table 2 below. The relevant information for the comparative composites is also presented in table 2.
The polyaluminocarbon silane used in the comparative composite material is a liquid-phase polyaluminocarbon silane solution prepared by adding toluene solution into solid polyaluminocarbon silane at 80 ℃, and the dipping-curing-cracking parameters are consistent with those of the novel gradient viscosity dipping C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material. After 11 rounds of impregnation, the density of the composite material (1) prepared by the method of the invention reaches 1.99g/cm 3 The density of the comparative composite material (2) reached only 1.93g/cm after 12 rounds of impregnation 3 。
TABLE 2
The room-temperature tensile strength of the novel C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material prepared by the method is 346MPa, and the novel C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material has good mechanical properties; the total weight loss is 10.8% after sintering in the air at 1200 ℃ for 60min, and the high-temperature oxidation resistance performance is excellent.
The invention has been described in detail in connection with the specific embodiments and exemplary examples thereof, but such description is not to be construed as limiting the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
What is not described in detail in the present specification is a well known technology to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the novel C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material capable of being immersed at room temperature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dissolving methylaluminoxane and polydimethylsiloxane PDMS in different mass ratios in an organic solvent, reacting for 2-12 hours at 50-90 ℃, and removing the organic solvent after the reaction is finished to prepare liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane with gradient aluminum element content;
immersing the carbon fiber reinforcement in liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane under vacuum condition and at room temperature;
pressurizing, insulating, crosslinking and solidifying the impregnated carbon fiber reinforcement;
cracking the solidified preform in inert gas atmosphere;
and (3) repeating the soaking-curing-cracking process, and gradually reducing the viscosity of the impregnant liquid polyaluminocarbon silane along with the increase of the soaking rounds, wherein the liquid polyaluminocarbon silane with gradually reduced aluminum element content is selected, and the process is finished until the weight gain of the sample does not exceed a required value or the density of the sample reaches the required density, so that the C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite material is obtained.
2. The method for preparing the novel room temperature impregnable C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein in the step of preparing the liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane with the gradient aluminum element content, the mass ratio of methylaluminoxane to Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is 1:1-1:100, and the viscosity of the liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane is 10-10000 mPa.s.
3. The method for preparing the novel room temperature impregnable C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein in the step of preparing the liquid polyaluminocarbonsilane with the gradient aluminum element content, the organic solvent is one or more of toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran or n-hexane.
4. The method for preparing the novel room temperature impregnable C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber in the carbon fiber reinforcement is one or more of T300-grade carbon fiber, T700-grade carbon fiber, T800-grade carbon fiber, T1000-grade carbon fiber, M40J-grade carbon fiber and M55J-grade carbon fiber.
5. The method for preparing the novel room temperature impregnable C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the weaving form of the carbon fiber reinforcement comprises one or more of two-dimensional fiber cloth laying stitching, two-dimensional semi-weaving, orthogonal three-dimensional, three-dimensional winding, three-dimensional five-dimensional or three-dimensional six-dimensional combination.
6. The method for preparing a novel room temperature impregnable C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is room temperature, the vacuum state is maintained for 0.5-1 h, the pressure is increased to 0.1-1.5 MPa, and the impregnation time is 0.5-3 h.
7. The method for preparing a novel room temperature impregnable C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the curing temperature in the curing process is 180-240 ℃, the curing pressure is 0.3-3 MPa, and the heat preservation time is 2-8 hours.
8. The method for preparing the novel room temperature impregnable C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the inert atmosphere in the cracking process is argon or nitrogen, the cracking temperature is 900-1600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 hours.
9. The method for preparing a novel room temperature impregnable C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the sample weight gain is not more than 2% or the sample density is more than 2g/cm 3 The C/SiAlC ceramic matrix composite is obtained.
10. A novel room temperature impregnable C/sial ceramic matrix composite, characterized in that it is produced by a method for producing a novel room temperature impregnable C/sial ceramic matrix composite according to one of claims 1 to 9.
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