CN117436293A - Low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction and electronic equipment, and belongs to the technical field of low-frequency transformer voiceprint detection. The existing low-frequency transformer measuring point screening method cannot comprehensively screen the voiceprint alternative measuring points, and the obtained voiceprint alternative measuring points may not be globally optimal acoustic measuring points. According to the low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction, a sound field reconstruction model, a virtual measuring point generation model, a similarity calculation model and a measuring point screening model are constructed, the transient change process of a sound transmission sound field of a low-frequency transformer is simulated, a plurality of virtual array planes and virtual alternative measuring points can be generated, and therefore alternative measuring points can be screened comprehensively, and then global optimal acoustic measuring points can be obtained; and the interference of the external environment to the sound can be effectively avoided, so that the sound acquired from the alternative measuring point can be ensured to be as real as possible, and the accurate screening of the acoustic measuring point can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction and electronic equipment, and belongs to the technical field of low-frequency transformer voiceprint detection.
Background
The winding structure of the low-frequency transformer can vibrate in the operation process, mechanical waves are generated, the generated vibration is transmitted to the outside through the body, and a voiceprint signal is formed to propagate to the external environment. The voiceprint signal contains a lot of equipment status information, so that the mechanical faults inside the low-frequency transformer can be detected through vibration and the voiceprint signal. Compared with vibration sensing, the voiceprint sensing can sense the whole mechanical state of the transformer by using a small number of sensors, can monitor the whole mechanical state of the transformer without contacting with the transformer body, and has the technical advantages of lower cost, simpler installation mode, higher safety and the like.
Relevant research analysis of transformer vibration and voiceprint diagnosis shows that: the acoustic signal for fault diagnosis must represent the vibration frequency characteristic of the transformer body, and compared with the power frequency transformer, the fundamental frequency of the voiceprint of the low frequency transformer is no longer 50Hz, so that the acoustic signal of the low frequency transformer needs to be measured, and in the detection of the vibration state of the voiceprint of the transformer, a plurality of sensors are usually used for measurement, but no unified standard is available for determining the installation position of the sensors, and the determination is usually based on personal habit or experience.
Chinese patent (publication number: CN 115790830A) discloses a converter transformer voiceprint measuring point optimization method based on an oil tank vibration signal, which comprises the steps of constructing a test platform, initial measurement of the vibration signal, measurement frequency band selection, vibration measuring point screening, voiceprint signal testing, correlation coefficient calculation and voiceprint measuring point optimization. Uniformly arranging at least a preset number of voiceprint alternative measuring points around the converter transformer; synchronously measuring the voiceprint signal of the voiceprint alternative measuring point and the vibration signal of the vibration measuring point, wherein the measuring time is not less than the preset duration; and the correlation coefficient of the oil tank vibration signal of the converter transformer and the measurement signal of the voiceprint alternative measuring points is compared, so that the relation between the measured signal of each voiceprint alternative measuring point and the actual vibration of the converter transformer body is estimated, and the voiceprint measuring point with the highest correlation is optimized. The method can avoid the problem of poor measuring effect of noise of the voiceprint measuring point randomly selected, and improves voiceprint monitoring precision of the converter transformer.
Said invention can make actual measurement on the voiceprint signal of alternative measuring point, and uses the position of microphone or support for placing microphone as voiceprint alternative measuring point, but said actual measurement scheme has at least the following defects:
the directional microphone and the bracket thereof can shield the transmission of sound, so that the voiceprint alternative measuring points can only be arranged on one side of the microphone or the bracket facing the transformer and can only be arranged in a single row, the arrangement range of the voiceprint alternative measuring points is limited, and therefore, the voiceprint alternative measuring points cannot be screened comprehensively and widely, and therefore, the voiceprint alternative measuring points obtained by the scheme can only be local optimal acoustic measuring points and cannot be obtained global optimal acoustic measuring points.
Further, the microphone or the support and the surrounding environment thereof can influence the reflection of sound, and the noise of the surrounding environment can also interfere with measured data, so that the on-site collected sound signal can be distorted, the voiceprint signal data of the alternative measuring point is not accurate enough, and the accurate screening of the acoustic measuring point is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems or one of the problems, the invention aims to provide a simulation method for obtaining a simulation propagation sound field by constructing a sound field reconstruction model, a virtual measurement point generation model, a similarity calculation model and a measurement point screening model and simulating the transient change process of the sound propagation sound field of a low-frequency transformer; setting a plurality of virtual alternative measuring points positioned on different virtual array surfaces; and then, accurately screening the virtual alternative measuring points by calculating the signal similarity, so as to obtain the acoustic measuring points of the low-frequency transformer, wherein the scheme is scientific and reasonable, and the low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction is feasible.
Aiming at the problems or one of the problems, the second purpose of the invention is to provide a low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method and electronic equipment based on sound field reconstruction, wherein the virtual measuring point generation model can generate a plurality of virtual array planes and virtual alternative measuring points around a low-frequency transformer oil tank, so that the alternative measuring points can be screened comprehensively and widely, and the global optimal acoustic measuring point can be obtained.
In view of the above problems or one of the above problems, the third objective of the present invention is to provide a low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method and an electronic device based on sound field reconstruction, which are capable of modeling a sound field between a transformer oil tank surface and a firewall through a sound field reconstruction model, simulating a transient change process of a sound field transmitted by a low-frequency transformer sound, and effectively avoiding interference of surrounding environments on the sound, so as to ensure that the sound acquired from an alternative measuring point is as accurate as possible.
In order to achieve one of the above objects, a first technical solution of the present invention is:
a low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining a low-frequency sound source signal on the surface of a low-frequency transformer oil tank;
secondly, simulating the transient change process of the sound transmission sound field of the low-frequency transformer by utilizing a sound field reconstruction model which is constructed in advance according to the low-frequency sound source signal to obtain a simulated transmission sound field;
generating a model by utilizing a virtual measuring point which is constructed in advance, generating a plurality of virtual array surfaces by taking the position information of a low-frequency transformer oil tank as a reference, and setting one or a plurality of virtual alternative measuring points on each virtual array surface;
thirdly, obtaining a voiceprint detection signal at a virtual alternative measuring point based on the simulated propagation sound field;
calculating the signal similarity between the voiceprint detection signal and the low-frequency sound source signal by adopting a previously constructed similarity calculation model to obtain a signal similarity value of the virtual alternative measuring point, wherein the signal similarity value is used for representing the similarity between the simulated sound of the virtual alternative measuring point and the sound of the surface of the low-frequency transformer oil tank;
and fifthly, screening the virtual alternative measuring points based on a pre-constructed measuring point screening model according to the signal similarity value of the virtual alternative measuring points to obtain the acoustic measuring points capable of being used for voiceprint detection of the low-frequency transformer.
According to the simulation method, a sound field reconstruction model, a virtual measuring point generation model, a similarity calculation model and a measuring point screening model are constructed, and the transient change process of the sound transmission sound field of the low-frequency transformer is simulated to obtain a simulated transmission sound field; setting a plurality of virtual alternative measuring points positioned on different virtual array surfaces by taking the position information of a low-frequency transformer oil tank as a reference; and then, by calculating the signal similarity, the virtual alternative measuring points are accurately screened, so that the acoustic measuring points and the optimal acoustic measuring points which can carry out voiceprint detection on the low-frequency transformer can be obtained, and the scheme is scientific, reasonable and feasible.
Furthermore, the invention can generate a plurality of virtual array surfaces and virtual alternative measuring points around the low-frequency transformer oil tank through the virtual measuring point generation model, thereby comprehensively and widely screening the alternative measuring points and further obtaining the global optimal acoustic measuring points.
Furthermore, the invention models the sound field between the transformer oil tank surface and the firewall through the sound field reconstruction model, simulates the transient change process of the sound field transmitted by the low-frequency transformer sound, and compared with the mode of collecting the sound of the alternative measuring point through the microphone in the prior art, the invention can effectively avoid the reflection of the microphone or the bracket and the surrounding environment thereof on the sound, and has no interference of the noise of the surrounding environment, thereby ensuring the sound obtained from the alternative measuring point to be as real as possible, and accurately screening the position of the acoustic measuring point.
As a preferred technical measure:
in the first step, the method for collecting the low-frequency sound source signals comprises the following steps:
step 11, acquiring size data of the oil tank surface of the low-frequency transformer;
step 12, obtaining a plurality of virtual source areas on the surface of the oil tank according to the size data;
step 13, acquiring low-frequency sound source signals acquired by utilizing microphones at a plurality of virtual source areas;
and 14, carrying out phase correction on the low-frequency sound source signal and carrying out fast Fourier transform to obtain first frequency domain information about the low-frequency sound source signal.
As a preferred technical measure:
in the second step, the method for constructing the sound field reconstruction model comprises the following steps:
step 21, obtaining structural data between a transformer oil tank surface and a firewall;
step 22, simplifying model parameters through a pre-constructed condition simplifying unit based on the structural data;
the model parameters at least comprise a sound source, reinforcing ribs, a calculation domain and a sound field boundary;
step 23, setting boundary parameters by adopting a pre-constructed boundary simulation unit according to the model parameters;
boundary parameters include hard sound field boundary, reflected sound rate, supplementary layer and absorption layer;
step 24, obtaining M virtual low-frequency sound source signal areas and N non-pressure reinforcing rib areas related to the side boundary of the transformer according to the model parameters and the boundary parameters;
and step 25, coupling the virtual low-frequency sound source signal area and the non-sound pressure reinforcing rib area to obtain a sound field reconstruction model.
As a preferred technical measure:
the method for simplifying the model parameters by the condition simplifying unit is as follows:
(1) The method simplifies the sound source based on the low-frequency transformer surface acoustic wave radiation process and a virtual sound source mechanism, and comprises the following steps:
based on the oil tank surface size data, obtaining a plurality of sub-sound sources with mutually independent amplitude values and phases;
taking the sound pressure signal at the central point of the measured sub-sound source area as the sound signal of the whole sub-sound source;
the comprehensive effect of all sound signals is equivalent to the sound source of the air domain sound field, and the simplification of the sound source is completed;
(2) Simplifying the reinforcing rib according to the surface amplitude characteristic of the reinforcing rib of the transformer;
(3) In the sound field calculation of the low-frequency transformer, the calculation domain is simplified, only the air domain right in front of the oil tank surface at one side of the transformer is considered, and the sound radiation of the rest surface and the cooler is ignored;
(4) Simplifying the boundary according to the hard sound field boundary and the hard sound field boundary with sound absorption holes based on the boundary characteristics existing around the transformer, and realizing the simplification of the sound field boundary;
or/and, the method for setting the boundary parameters by adopting the boundary simulation unit comprises the following steps:
1) Setting a hard sound field boundary with total reflection characteristic according to the firewall side boundary condition;
2) Calculating the reflectivity of the cobble ground by using a mode of combining a hard sound field boundary with total reflection characteristics with a total absorption pore based on the cobble with a ground side boundary as a pile; the method for calculating the reflected sound rate is as follows:
calculating the porosity according to the actual density and the bulk density of the cobble; calculating the reflected sound rate according to the porosity;
3) According to the depth of the cobble ground, a supplementary layer is arranged for supplementing the absorption effect of the depth on the sound;
4) And according to the boundary characteristics that the two sides and the sky side are shielded without barriers, an absorption layer is arranged for absorbing the outwards diffused sound pressure.
As a preferred technical measure:
the method for obtaining the simulated propagation sound field by utilizing the sound field reconstruction model comprises the following steps:
step 211, setting transient calculation time and calculation step length;
step 212, performing time domain calculation on the low-frequency sound source signal according to the transient calculation time and the calculation step length to obtain a simulated propagation sound field of the low-frequency sound source signal;
or/and the method for setting the virtual alternative measuring points by using the virtual measuring point generating model comprises the following steps:
step 221, generating a plurality of virtual array surfaces based on an equidistant spacing mechanism according to the distance between a transformer oil tank and a firewall, wherein the virtual array surfaces are parallel to a certain wall surface of the low-frequency transformer;
step 222, uniformly dividing a plurality of virtual alternative measuring point areas on the virtual array surface based on the positions of the non-reinforcing ribs, wherein the virtual alternative measuring point areas correspond to the virtual source areas;
and 223, taking the central position of the virtual alternative measuring point area as a virtual alternative measuring point.
As a preferred technical measure:
in the third step, the method for obtaining the voiceprint detection signal based on the simulated propagation sound field comprises the following steps:
step 31, obtaining time domain voiceprint signals at each virtual alternative measuring point based on the position information of the virtual alternative measuring point according to the simulated propagation sound field;
step 32, performing fast Fourier transform and normalization processing on the time domain voiceprint signal to obtain second frequency domain information;
and 33, determining voiceprint detection signals at a plurality of virtual alternative measuring points according to the second frequency domain information.
As a preferred technical measure:
in the fourth step, the method for obtaining the signal similarity value by adopting the similarity calculation model comprises the following steps:
step 41, obtaining voiceprint detection signals at a certain virtual alternative measuring point and all low-frequency sound source signals;
step 42, calculating the frequency spectrum correlation coefficient of the voiceprint detection signal and each low-frequency sound source signal to obtain an alternative coefficient set;
step 43, calculating the mean value and standard deviation of the alternative coefficient set to obtain the sound association degree and the sound deviation degree between the virtual alternative measuring point and the surface of the low-frequency transformer oil tank;
and step 44, obtaining the signal similarity value of the virtual alternative measuring point according to the sound association degree and the sound deviation degree.
As a preferred technical measure:
the method for calculating the frequency spectrum correlation coefficient of the voiceprint detection signal and the low-frequency sound source signal comprises the following steps:
step 421, acquiring first frequency domain information about the low frequency sound source signal and second frequency domain information about the voiceprint detection signal;
step 422, calculating covariance of the first frequency domain information and the second frequency domain information by using a covariance matrix formula;
calculating standard deviation of the first frequency domain information and the second frequency domain information respectively by using a standard deviation formula to obtain virtual standard deviation and alternative standard deviation;
step 423, multiplying the virtual standard deviation by the alternative standard deviation to obtain a coupling standard deviation;
step 424. Comparing the covariance with the coupling standard deviation, and calculating to obtain the spectrum correlation coefficient.
As a preferred technical measure:
in the fifth step, the method for determining the optimal acoustic measuring point based on the measuring point screening model is as follows:
step 51, obtaining similarity values of signals of all virtual alternative measuring points, and combining the similarity values with position information of the virtual alternative measuring points to construct a similarity array;
step 52, screening out the position information with the maximum similarity value from the similarity array;
and 53, determining the required acoustic measuring points according to the position information so as to realize screening of the optimal acoustic measuring points.
In order to achieve one of the above objects, a second technical solution of the present invention is:
an electronic device, comprising:
one or more processors;
a storage means for storing one or more programs;
the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the low frequency transformer station simulation method based on sound field reconstruction described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the simulation method, a sound field reconstruction model, a virtual measuring point generation model, a similarity calculation model and a measuring point screening model are constructed, and the transient change process of the sound transmission sound field of the low-frequency transformer is simulated to obtain a simulated transmission sound field; setting a plurality of virtual alternative measuring points positioned on different virtual array surfaces by taking the position information of a low-frequency transformer oil tank as a reference; and then, by calculating the signal similarity, the virtual alternative measuring points are accurately screened, so that the acoustic measuring points and the optimal acoustic measuring points which can carry out voiceprint detection on the low-frequency transformer can be obtained, and the scheme is scientific, reasonable and feasible.
Furthermore, the invention can generate a plurality of virtual array surfaces and virtual alternative measuring points around the low-frequency transformer oil tank through the virtual measuring point generation model, thereby comprehensively and widely screening the alternative measuring points and further obtaining the global optimal acoustic measuring points.
Furthermore, the invention models the sound field between the transformer oil tank surface and the firewall through the sound field reconstruction model, simulates the transient change process of the sound field transmitted by the low-frequency transformer sound, and compared with the mode of collecting the sound of the alternative measuring point through the microphone in the prior art, the invention can effectively avoid the reflection of the microphone or the bracket and the surrounding environment thereof on the sound, and has no interference of the noise of the surrounding environment, thereby ensuring the sound obtained from the alternative measuring point to be as real as possible, and accurately screening the position of the acoustic measuring point.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a low frequency transformer station simulation method based on sound field reconstruction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for constructing virtual source regions;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for constructing a virtual array plane and virtual alternative points.
Reference numerals illustrate:
A. a virtual source region; B. virtual array surface; b. virtual alternative measurement points.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and variations as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Further, in the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. The present invention will be fully understood by those skilled in the art without the details described herein.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "or/and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in fig. 1, a first specific embodiment of a low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction of the present invention is as follows:
a low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining a low-frequency sound source signal on the surface of a low-frequency transformer oil tank;
secondly, simulating the transient change process of the sound transmission sound field of the low-frequency transformer by utilizing a sound field reconstruction model which is constructed in advance according to the low-frequency sound source signal to obtain a simulated transmission sound field;
generating a model by utilizing a virtual measuring point which is constructed in advance, generating a plurality of virtual array surfaces by taking the position information of a low-frequency transformer oil tank as a reference, and setting one or a plurality of virtual alternative measuring points on each virtual array surface;
thirdly, obtaining a voiceprint detection signal at a virtual alternative measuring point based on the simulated propagation sound field;
calculating the signal similarity between the voiceprint detection signal and the low-frequency sound source signal by adopting a previously constructed similarity calculation model to obtain a signal similarity value of the virtual alternative measuring point, wherein the signal similarity value is used for representing the similarity between the simulated sound of the virtual alternative measuring point and the sound of the surface of the low-frequency transformer oil tank;
and fifthly, screening the virtual alternative measuring points based on a pre-constructed measuring point screening model according to the signal similarity value of the virtual alternative measuring points to obtain the acoustic measuring points capable of being used for voiceprint detection of the low-frequency transformer.
The invention discloses a second specific embodiment of a low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction:
a low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction comprises the following steps:
firstly, collecting a low-frequency sound source signal on the surface of a low-frequency transformer oil tank;
secondly, simulating the transient change process of the sound transmission sound field of the low-frequency transformer by utilizing a sound field reconstruction model which is constructed in advance according to the low-frequency sound source signal to obtain voiceprint detection signals at a plurality of virtual alternative measuring points;
the virtual alternative measuring points are distributed on a plurality of virtual array surfaces;
thirdly, calculating a frequency spectrum correlation coefficient between the voiceprint detection signal and the low-frequency sound source signal through a correlation simulation model which is established in advance;
calculating the signal similarity between the voiceprint detection signal and the low-frequency sound source signal based on the frequency spectrum correlation coefficient by adopting a previously constructed similarity calculation model to obtain a plurality of signal similarity values, wherein the signal similarity values are used for representing the similarity between the simulated sound of the virtual alternative measuring point and the sound of the surface of the low-frequency transformer oil tank;
and fifthly, processing a plurality of signal similarity values based on a previously constructed measuring point screening model to obtain the required acoustic measuring points, and realizing the optimal measuring point screening of the low-frequency transformer.
The third specific embodiment of the low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction comprises the following steps:
the low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction comprises the following steps:
firstly, performing sound field transient reconstruction on a low-frequency transformer through a sound field reconstruction model, analyzing the change rule of sound pressure in a sound field along with time, then calculating the signal similarity between voiceprint at a virtual candidate measuring point and a low-frequency sound source signal through a similarity calculation model, and determining an optimal acoustic measuring point through a measuring point screening model, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) The method comprises the steps of dividing the surface of an oil tank of a low-frequency transformer into a plurality of virtual source areas, collecting low-frequency sound source signals by using a microphone, carrying out phase correction, and carrying out fast Fourier transform to obtain first frequency domain information.
2) Modeling a sound field between a transformer tank face and a firewall. And generating a plurality of virtual array surfaces around the low-frequency transformer oil tank, and then setting one or a plurality of virtual alternative measuring points on each virtual array surface.
3) And simulating and calculating the transient change process of the sound transmission sound field of the low-frequency transformer, so that the sound signal waveforms of all virtual alternative measuring points can be obtained. And extracting sound pressure time domain signals of the virtual alternative measuring points, and performing fast Fourier transformation to obtain second frequency domain information.
4) Constructing a spectrum correlation matrix between the first frequency domain information and the second frequency domain information; obtaining a spectrum correlation coefficient mean value and a spectrum correlation coefficient standard deviation according to the matrix calculation result; and synthesizing the two evaluation standards to obtain a signal similarity value, and measuring the suitability of a certain measuring point as a voiceprint monitoring point of the low-frequency transformer.
5) And selecting the virtual alternative measuring point with the highest signal similarity value as the optimal acoustic measuring point.
The invention is applied to a specific embodiment for carrying out measuring point simulation on a low-frequency transformer:
the invention is applied to model a sound field between a side oil tank surface of a 230/64kV single-phase 20Hz low-frequency transformer and a firewall, and then carries out measuring point simulation so as to obtain an optimal acoustic measuring point, and the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting and processing low-frequency sound source signals, which specifically comprises the following steps:
one side of the low-frequency transformer oil tank is divided into reinforcing rib parts and non-reinforcing rib parts, the number of the reinforcing rib parts is 3, the number of the non-reinforcing rib parts is 4, and the surface amplitude of the reinforcing rib part of the transformer is lower, so that the reinforcing rib part is not assumed to vibrate. The number of the divided virtual sources is moderate, the simulation calculation amount and the data acquisition workload can be increased too much, and the simulation cannot restore the real low-frequency transformer sound field condition due to too little. Thus, each non-stiffener portion of the transformer is equally divided from left to right into 4 virtual source regions, for a total of [4×4] virtual source regions, as shown in fig. 2.
The acquisition device adopts a combined system of a directional microphone and a multichannel synchronous recorder so as to ensure the reliability of recorded data. The microphone arrangement locations are at the center of each virtual source region. For measuring the surface sound pressure, the direction was perpendicular to the surface of the transformer, 1cm from the wall of the transformer tank.
After the surface acoustic signal is obtained by measurement, the surface acoustic signal is subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain frequency domain information of the surface acoustic signal, namely the frequency domain information is used as first frequency domain information. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is an algorithm that calculates the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of a digital signal sequence, which converts a signal from the original domain (usually time or space) to the frequency domain. The main frequency components of the surface acoustic signals are 20Hz frequency multiplication components of 40Hz, 120Hz, 160Hz, 200Hz and the like, and most of the frequency spectrum energy is below 600Hz according to the following conditionsAmplitude spectrum and phase spectrum of the acoustic signal are obtainedAmplitude +.about.20 Hz, 40Hz, 80Hz, 100Hz … … up to 600Hz>And phase->Write it +.>Each low frequency sound source signal is processed in this way, so that 16 analytical expressions are obtained, which are then input into the sound field reconstruction model. And then carrying out frequency domain analysis on the surface acoustic signals, and finding that the main acoustic wave energy is concentrated on 20Hz and integer frequency multiplication thereof.
Step 2, constructing a sound field reconstruction model for simulating a transient change process of a sound transmission sound field of the low-frequency transformer, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
step 21, simplifying the sound propagation field, thereby obtaining a plurality of simplifying conditions, including simplification of the sound source based on the virtual sound source, simplification of the stiffener portion, simplification of the calculation domain, and simplification of the boundary of the sound field.
(1) The method for simplifying the sound source is as follows:
the low frequency transformer surface acoustic wave radiation process can be considered as a result of the interference superposition of acoustic waves radiated by individual sub-acoustic sources independently of each other in space. The surface of the oil tank is divided into a plurality of sub-sound sources with mutually independent amplitude values and phases, sound pressure signals at the central point of the sub-sound source area, which are measured through experiments, are used as sound signals on the whole sub-sound source surface, and the comprehensive effect of all the sub-sound sources is equivalent to simulate the sound source of the air domain sound field.
(2) The method for simplifying the reinforcing rib part is as follows:
since the surface amplitude at the reinforcing rib of the transformer is low, it is assumed that the reinforcing rib portion does not vibrate, thereby reducing the workload of sound field calculation.
(3) The method for simplifying the calculation domain is as follows:
in the sound field calculation of the low-frequency transformer, only the air domain right in front of the oil tank surface at one side of the transformer is considered, and the sound radiation of other surfaces and the cooler is ignored.
(4) The method for simplifying the sound field boundary is as follows:
the transformer is surrounded by fire wall and cobble ground, so that two main boundaries are formed, so that it is respectively simplified according to the hard sound field boundary and hard sound field boundary with sound-absorbing pore.
Finally, the present invention constructs a sound field reconstruction model for a low frequency transformer in which all the regions are air, the transformer side boundary is divided into 16 virtual low frequency sound source signal regions and 3 non-sound pressure reinforcing rib regions, and an absorption layer is provided for absorbing sound pressure.
Step 22, setting boundary conditions, specifically including the following:
1) The firewall-side boundary is set to be a hard sound field boundary having a total reflection characteristic.
2) Since the ground side boundary is a stacked cobblestone and has a large number of pores, the sound absorption effect of the cobblestone ground is simulated by using a mode of combining a hard sound field boundary with total reflection characteristics with the total absorption pores.
And according to the actual density of cobbleAnd bulk Density->Calculating to obtain porosity->The specific calculation formula is as follows:
and then according to the porosity, calculating to obtain the reflected sound rate, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,for the reflected sound ratio, which means the proportion of the boundary of the hard sound field having the total reflection characteristic to the entire boundary of the ground side, the porosity is the proportion of the total absorption void to the entire boundary of the ground side, and thus the sum of the reflected sound ratio and the porosity is equal to 1.
In this example, the actual pebble laying depth is greater than 2.5m, but too great a depth increases a huge calculation pressure, so that the pebble layer depth is reduced to 0.2m and a supplementary layer is added below for supplementing the absorption of sound by the depth in order to save calculation force.
3) The barrier-free shielding boundary between the two sides and the sky side is set as an absorption layer for absorbing the outwards diffused sound pressure.
In step 23, in order to analyze the frequency domain of the sound field, the transient calculation time needs to be set to be slightly long, and the calculation time of the sound signal intercepted in this embodiment is set to be 0-200 ms, and the calculation step length is set to be 0.5ms, considering the running frequency of the low-frequency transformer 20Hz, that is, 50ms of the weekly wave.
The time domain voiceprint signals of each sound source in space are obtained by performing time domain calculation on the sound field of the transformer, and the time domain voiceprint signals are subjected to fast Fourier transformation and normalization processing, wherein the normalization formula is as follows:
wherein:for the second frequency domain information, according to the characteristics of the transformer voiceprint signal, here +.>Is an integer multiple of 20Hz within 0-300 Hz, i.e. the upper frequency limit +.>600 Hz->Normalized marked +.>。
Step 3, setting one or more virtual alternative measuring points through a virtual measuring point generating model, wherein the virtual alternative measuring points specifically comprise the following contents:
the virtual alternative measuring point is positioned on a space plane parallel to a certain wall surface of the low-frequency transformer, and the plane is called a virtual array surface; a plurality of virtual array surfaces can be arranged according to the distance between the virtual array surface and a certain wall surface of the transformer. The virtual array surface corresponds to a virtual source area on the wall surface of the transformer, and a plurality of virtual alternative measuring point areas are divided on the virtual array surface, wherein the virtual alternative measuring points are positioned at the center positions of the virtual alternative measuring point areas.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, 3 virtual array planes B are selected around the low-frequency transformer oil tank and are set according to the distance from the surface of the transformer; and dividing each virtual array plane into 16 virtual alternative measuring point areas according to the number and the positions of the virtual source areas A, so that 48 virtual alternative measuring points b can be obtained. And then based on the reconstructed sound field, obtaining the voiceprint detection signals at each virtual alternative measuring point.
And 4, calculating a signal similarity value between the voiceprint detection signal and the low-frequency sound source signal by using a similarity calculation model, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
normalizing all voiceprint detection signals and low-frequency sound source signals to obtain a transformer low-frequency sound source signalIs>And virtual alternative measuring point->Second frequency domain information at->。
Then calculate the frequency spectrum correlation coefficient between the first frequency domain information and the second frequency domain informationThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:representing the low frequency sound source signal number,/->For the total number of low-frequency sound source signals, one side face of the low-frequency transformer oil tank is divided into [4×4] in the embodiment]The virtual source areas a, so there are 16 low frequency sound source signals in total; />Representing the number of the virtual alternative measuring point, +.>For the total number of virtual alternative points, e.g. +.>Is the spectrum correlation coefficient between the 2 nd virtual sound source and the 23 rd virtual alternative measuring point.
In this embodiment, 16 spectrum correlation coefficients are generated between each virtual candidate point and 16 low-frequency sound source signals, and then the mean value and standard deviation thereof are calculated. Calculating the average value of the frequency spectrum correlation coefficientThe formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein,is the frequency spectrum correlation coefficient between the virtual alternative measuring point and the low-frequency sound source signal.
Calculating standard deviation of spectrum correlation coefficientThe formula of (2) is as follows:
furthermore, the signal similarity value can be calculated according to the average value of the spectrum correlation coefficients and the standard deviation of the spectrum correlation coefficientsThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:representing the low frequency sound source signal number,/->Is the total number of low-frequency sound source signals, < >>Representing the number of the virtual alternative measuring point, +.>For the total number of virtual alternative points, e.g. +.>The signal similarity value between the 2 nd low-frequency sound source signal and the 23 rd virtual alternative measuring point is obtained.
Signal similarity valueBetween 0 and 1, the larger the value is, the more suitable as a transformer voiceprint monitoring point.
Furthermore, through simulation calculation, the spectrum correlation coefficient mean value, the spectrum correlation coefficient standard deviation and the signal similarity value of each of 48 virtual alternative measuring points can be obtained; and then finding a virtual alternative measuring point with the maximum signal similarity value, wherein the maximum signal similarity value indicates that the virtual alternative measuring point has the strongest sound association with the low-frequency transformer oil tank surface and has the minimum sound similarity deviation with each part of the transformer oil tank surface, so that the virtual alternative measuring point can be selected as the optimal voiceprint detection sensor measuring point of the low-frequency transformer.
If a plurality of voiceprint detection sensor measuring points are needed, the following three conditions are adopted:
the first case is that the steps can be selectively carried out on each side wall of the low-frequency transformer, and the optimal installation measuring points in the virtual array plane parallel to each side wall of the transformer are determined, so that a plurality of measuring points of the voiceprint detection sensor are obtained.
And secondly, for a virtual array surface of a certain transformer side wall, selecting a plurality of measuring points with larger similarity values preferentially according to the similarity values and the number of the required measuring points.
And thirdly, selecting the measuring point with the maximum similarity value in each virtual array surface for the virtual array surfaces with different distances, thereby obtaining a plurality of measuring points of the voiceprint detection sensor.
In summary, the invention can simulate and analyze a 230/64kV single-phase 20Hz low-frequency transformer to obtain reasonable installation positions of the voiceprint sensor, and proves that the low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction can effectively guide the selection of the installation positions of the voiceprint sensor of the actual low-frequency transformer. Besides, the measuring point simulation method can provide installation suggestions for the low-frequency transformer without the voiceprint sensor, and can evaluate the installation scheme of the low-frequency transformer with the voiceprint sensor, namely, the invention calculates the similarity value of the installation position and evaluates the existing installation scheme, so that the installation scheme can be optimized and improved.
An embodiment of a device for applying the method of the invention:
an electronic device, comprising:
one or more processors;
a storage means for storing one or more programs;
the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the low frequency transformer station simulation method based on sound field reconstruction described above.
A computer medium embodiment to which the method of the invention is applied:
a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor implements the low frequency transformer station simulation method based on sound field reconstruction described above.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described in terms of methods, apparatus (systems), computer program products, flowcharts, and/or block diagrams in accordance with embodiments of the present application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining a low-frequency sound source signal on the surface of a low-frequency transformer oil tank;
secondly, simulating the transient change process of the sound transmission sound field of the low-frequency transformer by utilizing a sound field reconstruction model which is constructed in advance according to the low-frequency sound source signal to obtain a simulated transmission sound field;
generating a model by utilizing a virtual measuring point which is constructed in advance, generating a plurality of virtual array surfaces by taking the position information of a low-frequency transformer oil tank as a reference, and setting one or a plurality of virtual alternative measuring points on each virtual array surface;
thirdly, obtaining a voiceprint detection signal at a virtual alternative measuring point based on the simulated propagation sound field;
calculating the signal similarity between the voiceprint detection signal and the low-frequency sound source signal by adopting a previously constructed similarity calculation model to obtain a signal similarity value of the virtual alternative measuring point;
and fifthly, screening the virtual alternative measuring points based on a pre-constructed measuring point screening model according to the signal similarity value of the virtual alternative measuring points to obtain the acoustic measuring points capable of being used for voiceprint detection of the low-frequency transformer.
2. The low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
in the first step, the method for collecting the low-frequency sound source signals comprises the following steps:
step 11, acquiring size data of the oil tank surface of the low-frequency transformer;
step 12, obtaining a plurality of virtual source areas on the surface of the oil tank according to the size data;
step 13, acquiring low-frequency sound source signals acquired by utilizing microphones at a plurality of virtual source areas;
and 14, carrying out phase correction on the low-frequency sound source signal and carrying out fast Fourier transform to obtain first frequency domain information about the low-frequency sound source signal.
3. The low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
in the second step, the method for constructing the sound field reconstruction model comprises the following steps:
step 21, obtaining structural data between a transformer oil tank surface and a firewall;
step 22, simplifying model parameters through a pre-constructed condition simplifying unit based on the structural data;
the model parameters at least comprise a sound source, reinforcing ribs, a calculation domain and a sound field boundary;
step 23, setting boundary parameters by adopting a pre-constructed boundary simulation unit according to the model parameters;
boundary parameters include hard sound field boundary, reflected sound rate, supplementary layer and absorption layer;
step 24, obtaining M virtual low-frequency sound source signal areas and N non-pressure reinforcing rib areas related to the side boundary of the transformer according to the model parameters and the boundary parameters;
and step 25, coupling the virtual low-frequency sound source signal area and the non-sound pressure reinforcing rib area to obtain a sound field reconstruction model.
4. The low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
the method for simplifying the model parameters by the condition simplifying unit is as follows:
(1) The method simplifies the sound source based on the low-frequency transformer surface acoustic wave radiation process and a virtual sound source mechanism, and comprises the following steps:
based on the oil tank surface size data, obtaining a plurality of sub-sound sources with mutually independent amplitude values and phases;
taking the sound pressure signal at the central point of the measured sub-sound source area as the sound signal of the whole sub-sound source;
the comprehensive effect of all sound signals is equivalent to the sound source of the air domain sound field, and the simplification of the sound source is completed;
(2) Simplifying the reinforcing rib according to the surface amplitude characteristic of the reinforcing rib of the transformer;
(3) In the sound field calculation of the low-frequency transformer, the calculation domain is simplified, only the air domain right in front of the oil tank surface at one side of the transformer is considered, and the sound radiation of the rest surface and the cooler is ignored;
(4) Simplifying the boundary according to the hard sound field boundary and the hard sound field boundary with sound absorption holes based on the boundary characteristics existing around the transformer, and realizing the simplification of the sound field boundary;
or/and, the method for setting the boundary parameters by adopting the boundary simulation unit comprises the following steps:
1) Setting a hard sound field boundary with total reflection characteristic according to the firewall side boundary condition;
2) Calculating the reflectivity of the cobble ground by using a mode of combining a hard sound field boundary with total reflection characteristics with a total absorption pore based on the cobble with a ground side boundary as a pile; the method for calculating the reflected sound rate is as follows:
calculating the porosity according to the actual density and the bulk density of the cobble; calculating the reflected sound rate according to the porosity;
3) According to the depth of the cobble ground, a supplementary layer is arranged for supplementing the absorption effect of the depth on the sound;
4) And according to the boundary characteristics that the two sides and the sky side are shielded without barriers, an absorption layer is arranged for absorbing the outwards diffused sound pressure.
5. The low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method for obtaining the simulated propagation sound field by utilizing the sound field reconstruction model comprises the following steps:
step 211, setting transient calculation time and calculation step length;
step 212, performing time domain calculation on the low-frequency sound source signal according to the transient calculation time and the calculation step length to obtain a simulated propagation sound field of the low-frequency sound source signal;
or/and the method for setting the virtual alternative measuring points by using the virtual measuring point generating model comprises the following steps:
step 221, generating a plurality of virtual array surfaces based on an equidistant spacing mechanism according to the distance between a transformer oil tank and a firewall, wherein the virtual array surfaces are parallel to a certain wall surface of the low-frequency transformer;
step 222, uniformly dividing a plurality of virtual alternative measuring point areas on the virtual array surface based on the positions of the non-reinforcing ribs, wherein the virtual alternative measuring point areas correspond to the virtual source areas;
and 223, taking the central position of the virtual alternative measuring point area as a virtual alternative measuring point.
6. The low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
in the third step, the method for obtaining the voiceprint detection signal based on the simulated propagation sound field comprises the following steps:
step 31, obtaining time domain voiceprint signals at each virtual alternative measuring point based on the position information of the virtual alternative measuring point according to the simulated propagation sound field;
step 32, performing fast Fourier transform and normalization processing on the time domain voiceprint signal to obtain second frequency domain information;
and 33, determining voiceprint detection signals at a plurality of virtual alternative measuring points according to the second frequency domain information.
7. The low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the fourth step, the method for obtaining the signal similarity value by adopting the similarity calculation model comprises the following steps:
step 41, obtaining voiceprint detection signals at a certain virtual alternative measuring point and all low-frequency sound source signals;
step 42, calculating the frequency spectrum correlation coefficient of the voiceprint detection signal and each low-frequency sound source signal to obtain an alternative coefficient set;
step 43, calculating the mean value and standard deviation of the alternative coefficient set to obtain the sound association degree and the sound deviation degree between the virtual alternative measuring point and the surface of the low-frequency transformer oil tank;
and step 44, obtaining the signal similarity value of the virtual alternative measuring point according to the sound association degree and the sound deviation degree.
8. The low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method for calculating the frequency spectrum correlation coefficient of the voiceprint detection signal and the low-frequency sound source signal comprises the following steps:
step 421, acquiring first frequency domain information about the low frequency sound source signal and second frequency domain information about the voiceprint detection signal;
step 422, calculating covariance of the first frequency domain information and the second frequency domain information by using a covariance matrix formula;
calculating standard deviation of the first frequency domain information and the second frequency domain information respectively by using a standard deviation formula to obtain virtual standard deviation and alternative standard deviation;
step 423, multiplying the virtual standard deviation by the alternative standard deviation to obtain a coupling standard deviation;
step 424. Comparing the covariance with the coupling standard deviation, and calculating to obtain the spectrum correlation coefficient.
9. The low-frequency transformer measuring point simulation method based on sound field reconstruction according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
in the fifth step, the method for determining the optimal acoustic measuring point based on the measuring point screening model is as follows:
step 51, obtaining similarity values of signals of all virtual alternative measuring points, and combining the similarity values with position information of the virtual alternative measuring points to construct a similarity array;
step 52, screening out the position information with the maximum similarity value from the similarity array;
and 53, determining the required acoustic measuring points according to the position information so as to realize screening of the optimal acoustic measuring points.
10. An electronic device, characterized in that:
it comprises the following steps:
one or more processors;
a storage means for storing one or more programs;
the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the low-frequency transformer station simulation method based on sound field reconstruction of any one of claims 1-9.
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