CN117432736A - Hollow particle swarm and buffering method of lattice composite structure using same - Google Patents
Hollow particle swarm and buffering method of lattice composite structure using same Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/12—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members
- F16F7/121—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members the members having a cellular, e.g. honeycomb, structure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/01—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using friction between loose particles, e.g. sand
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
- F16F7/1028—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia-producing means being a constituent part of the system which is to be damped
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
- F16F7/104—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted
- F16F7/108—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted on plastics springs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
- F16F7/104—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted
- F16F7/116—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted on metal springs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/12—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members
- F16F7/128—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members characterised by the members, e.g. a flat strap, yielding through stretching, pulling apart
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
- G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
- G21F5/08—Shock-absorbers, e.g. impact buffers for containers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2222/00—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
- F16F2222/04—Friction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2222/00—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
- F16F2222/08—Inertia
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hollow particle swarm and a buffering method of a lattice composite structure applying the particle swarm, and belongs to the technical field of buffering, wherein the hollow particle swarm is filled in a cavity of the lattice structure, and the hollow particle swarm comprises a plurality of first hollow particles; or the hollow particle group comprises a plurality of second hollow particles, and each second hollow particle is filled with a plurality of third hollow particles; or the hollow particle group comprises a plurality of first hollow particles and second hollow particles, and each second hollow particle is filled with a plurality of third hollow particles; the average particle inner diameter range of the first hollow particles is 0.1-100 mm, and the average particle wall thickness of the first hollow particles is 0.1-10mm; the average inner diameter of the second hollow particles ranges from 1 mm to 1000mm, and the wall thickness of the second hollow particles ranges from 0.1 mm to 50mm; the average inner diameter of the third hollow particles ranges from 0.2 mm to 500mm, and the wall thickness of the third hollow particles ranges from 0.1 mm to 50mm. The hollow particle swarm and the buffer method of the lattice composite structure using the particle swarm realize the high energy release function of the lattice structure-discontinuous medium composite structure in extreme environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hollow particle swarm and a buffer method of a lattice composite structure using the particle swarm, belonging to the technical field of buffer impact reduction.
Background
The existing buffering technology mainly comprises the cork buffering technology, the foamed aluminum buffering technology, the polyurethane foam buffering technology and the like, cork is used as a natural multi-cell anisotropic composite material, has excellent performances of convenient material taking, good heat preservation and insulation effect and the like, is widely applied to industrial and civil buildings, has good heat insulation capacity besides buffering and energy absorption effects, and has certain difference in performance of each part due to the fact that wood is an anisotropic heterogeneous material, the wood is deformed and aggravated due to uneven expansion and contraction, and wood is easy to crack due to the difference of strength in all directions, and service life and buffering performance of the cork are easy to be reduced. The foamed aluminum material is a novel light multifunctional material with a large number of communicated or non-communicated holes distributed in an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix, has the characteristics of continuous metal phase and dispersed air phase, has the functions of excellent mechanical damping, noise elimination, noise reduction, energy absorption, electromagnetic shielding and the like, has a high and wide stress platform in the compression process, and absorbs a large amount of energy under approximately constant stress, so that the foamed metal has high energy absorption efficiency, but the foamed aluminum has a complex structure, is greatly influenced by factors such as porosity, pore size, cell type, hole characteristics and the like, and has unstable buffering performance. The polyurethane foam not only has predictable energy absorption capacity, but also has stable quality, easy processing of shape, isotropic mechanical property, obvious thermal protection, plays an important role in the design of the buffer, and the dynamic response characteristic of the compression resistance is favorable for being used as a buffer material of the buffer, but the polyurethane foam is easy to deteriorate and age under the influence of factors such as high temperature, ultraviolet rays and the like, and has a certain influence on the service life and the buffer performance.
For this reason, the scholars studied the experiments of honeycomb aluminum as the buffer filling material, evaluated the static and dynamic impact characteristics of honeycomb aluminum, and predicted the buffer energy absorbing effect provided by the buffer under accident working condition by using the measured material property, and proved that if the position of honeycomb aluminum in the buffer is reasonably set, the material can be used as the buffer filling material of the transport container. However, the honeycomb aluminum structure is used as a continuous lattice structure, mainly relies on elastoplastic deformation to absorb energy, has limited energy absorbing capacity and is limited by the impact direction, and can not simultaneously meet the requirement of buffering performance under various falling postures.
The lattice structure is taken as a periodic ordered structure, although the lattice structure has extremely strong designability, different topological configurations can be selected according to requirements, the size of micro-structure pores can be changed, the energy dissipation rate is higher due to higher porosity and effective surface area, the density of the metal lattice structure is greatly reduced under the same performance, the weight is reduced by more than 70%, and the lattice structure is easy to be applied to the protection of functional materials and other parts.
However, the conventional lattice structure mainly relies on elastoplastic deformation and frictional heating to absorb impact energy, namely elastoplastic energy attenuation, and even if materials such as foamed aluminum are filled in the lattice structure, the elastic plastic attenuation form is still not separated due to the fact that the lattice structure is a continuous medium, so that the energy consumption characteristic of the conventional continuous structure is limited. Meanwhile, the single metal lattice structure has the technical problems of unstable local mechanical property, bearing of the structure after the core unit reaches peak load, reduced energy absorption efficiency and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention aims to construct a comprehensive energy dissipation superposition mechanism of inertial energy attenuation, damping energy dissipation and elastic plastic energy attenuation by designing a lattice structure-discontinuous medium lattice composite structure, and the structure and a buffering method applying the structure can obviously improve the shock resistance of the lattice structure and realize the high energy release function of the lattice structure-discontinuous medium composite structure in extreme environments.
In order to achieve one of the above objects, the present invention provides a hollow particle swarm, which is filled in a cavity of a lattice structure, wherein the hollow particle swarm is used as a damping medium of the lattice structure, and the specific technical scheme is as follows: the hollow particle group is filled in the cavity of the lattice structure and comprises a plurality of first hollow particles; or the hollow particle group comprises a plurality of second hollow particles, and each second hollow particle is filled with a plurality of third hollow particles; or the hollow particle group comprises a plurality of first hollow particles and second hollow particles, and each second hollow particle is filled with a plurality of third hollow particles; the average particle inner diameter range of the first hollow particles is 0.1-100 mm, and the average particle wall thickness of the first hollow particles is 0.1-10mm; the average inner diameter of the second hollow particles ranges from 1 mm to 1000mm, and the wall thickness of the second hollow particles ranges from 0.1 mm to 50mm; the average inner diameter of the third hollow particles ranges from 0.2 mm to 500mm, and the wall thickness of the third hollow particles ranges from 0.1 mm to 50mm.
Further, the lattice structure comprises a lattice structure body, an inner cavity is arranged in the lattice structure body and is divided into a plurality of cavities, and the hollow particle groups are respectively filled in the cavities.
Furthermore, the lattice structure body comprises a plurality of unit cells, and the inner cavity is divided into a plurality of cavities by a plurality of unit cell walls.
Further, the hollow particle group in each unit cell is externally coated with one or more damping bags.
Further, each damping pack is filled with particles or particles in the range of 80% -95% of the space.
Further, the damping bag is made of a wire mesh, and the mesh of the wire mesh is 200-600 meshes. The wire mesh damping bag plays a main energy absorption role in the buffer, and in the falling process, the particle damping bag deforms to enable the particle damping inside the bag to mutually extrude and collide and the inertia to attenuate, so that a large amount of impact energy is consumed, and effective protection is increased.
Further, the wire mesh is closed around the plurality of particles. The wire mesh closed package is sealed by welding.
Further, the damping bag is a plastic film.
Further, the particles in the hollow particle group are metal hollow particles, high polymer material hollow particles or ceramic hollow particles.
Further, the outline of each unit cell is a regular hexagon, each unit cell is provided with a particle energy dissipation cell with a round hole-shaped cross section, the round hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cell is located at the center of the regular hexagon, the round hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cell is connected with the regular hexagon through a connecting beam, and particles are filled in the round hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cell.
Further, the unit cells have an average cross-sectional area of 10 to 400mm 3 。
In order to achieve the second object of the present invention, the present invention provides a buffer method of a lattice composite structure using the particle swarm, comprising the following steps:
s1: filling the hollow particle group into a cavity of the lattice structure to form a lattice composite structure;
s2: when the lattice composite structure is impacted, the lattice structure and the hollow particles absorb impact energy by virtue of elastoplastic deformation and frictional heating, namely, the elastoplastic energy is attenuated;
s3: the friction and inelastic collision between hollow particles in the internal cavity of the structure and the hollow particles in the hollow particles and the container provide damping dissipation effect, namely damping energy dissipation;
s4: the discontinuous hollow particle medium forms a centralized mass effect under the impact environment, generates movement opposite to the direction of inertial acceleration, counteracts part of kinetic energy by the opposite inertial force, and has a damping mechanism of the opposite inertial force, namely inertial energy damping.
Further, in the step S1, the filling form of the hollow particle swarm into the hollow cavity of the lattice structure includes direct filling, flexible bag filling or metal mesh bag filling.
Further, the lattice structure includes a two-dimensional lattice structure or a three-dimensional lattice structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention designs a hollow particle swarm and a buffering method of a lattice composite structure applying the particle swarm, and impact energy of the lattice structure is dissipated by a comprehensive energy dissipation superposition mechanism of inertia energy attenuation, damping energy dissipation and elastic plastic energy attenuation, so that the impact resistance of the lattice structure is improved, and the high energy release function of the lattice structure-discontinuous medium composite structure in an extreme environment is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the hollow particle swarm structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of hollow particles in the hollow particle group of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the hollow particle swarm filled in the inner cavity of the lattice structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the particle cell filled with hollow particle swarm according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a buffer method using a hollow particle swarm lattice composite structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the mechanical experiment of hollow particles of aluminum foam and metal performed in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the mechanical experiment of the lattice structure and the lattice composite structure performed in the embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of hollow particles in the hollow particle group of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the hollow particle and lattice composite structure of embodiment 3 of the present invention used in functional components of a micro-miniature work structure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a composite structure of graded honeycomb hollow particles of example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a unit cell of a variable gradient honeycomb composite structure of example 3 of the invention.
Reference numerals:
1. hollow particle group, 11, first hollow particle, 111, first hollow particle wall, 12, second hollow particle, 121, second hollow particle wall, 13, third hollow particle, 131, third hollow particle wall,
2. honeycomb aluminum lattice structure (lattice structure body), 21 unit cells, 211 unit cell walls, 212 chambers, 22 connection beams,
3. particle energy dissipation cells (damping pack),
4. the energy absorbing box comprises a mounting plate, an energy absorbing box body, a gradient lattice particle composite structure inner core and a microminiature structural functional component.
Detailed Description
The hollow particle group structure and the buffer method using the lattice composite structure of the hollow particle group provided by the invention are further described in detail and completely by combining the embodiments. The following examples are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The experimental materials used in the examples described below were all commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present embodiment illustrates a hollow particle group 1, the hollow particle group 1 being filled inside a cavity of a lattice structure, the hollow particle group 1 including a plurality of first hollow particles 11, each first hollow particle 11 having a first hollow particle wall 11 of a certain thickness; the average particle inner diameter of the first hollow particles 11 ranges from 0.1 to 100 mm, and the average particle wall thickness of the first hollow particles 11 ranges from 0.1 to 10mm.
In this embodiment, particle (Particle) is a broad term used to describe a tiny portion or Particle of a substance. The particles may be tiny entities such as atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, etc., or larger microscopic objects such as sand, dust, small particles, etc. In the fields of physics, chemistry and engineering, particles are often used to represent components or microstructures of a system and play an important role in studying the properties, interactions and movements of a substance. Particles are often used to represent discrete microscopic units in a substance, which units may be particles of a solid, liquid or gas. The size of the particles may vary from microscopic to macroscopic, e.g., the particles may be sand, particulate material, powder, etc. In the fields of engineering, material science and environmental science, particles are often referred to as tiny particles or microparticles, which are used to study the movement, distribution, packing and interactions of particles. In this application, however, the particles may include the category of particles.
Referring to fig. 3, in this embodiment 1, the hollow particle swarm 1 is filled in the cavity of the lattice structure, the lattice structure includes a lattice structure body 2, the entire lattice structure body 2 is a cellular aluminum lattice structure 2, cellular aluminum plays a role in static support and energy absorption in the buffer, and in the state of static load flat-laying of the buffer, the deformation of the buffer due to the influence of self gravity is prevented by using the cellular aluminum lattice structure as a main support. Meanwhile, when the transport container falls, the internal honeycomb aluminum lattice structure absorbs part of impact energy through deformation of the internal honeycomb aluminum lattice structure, so that the transport container is better protected.
Referring to fig. 3 and fig. 4 in combination, an inner cavity is formed in the cellular aluminum lattice structure 2, the inner cavity is divided into a plurality of chambers, specifically, the cellular aluminum lattice structure 2 is a hexagonal lattice, and includes a plurality of unit cells 21, the outer contour of each unit cell 21 is a regular hexagon, the outer contour of each regular hexagon is a unit cell wall 211, and it may be considered that the plurality of unit cell walls 211 divide the inner cavity into a plurality of regular hexagon chambers 212, that is, the hollow portion in the middle of the regular hexagon unit cell 21 is the chamber 212, adjacent unit cells 21 may share the unit cell wall 211, the unit cells 21 are provided with round hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cells 3 with cross sections in the center of the regular hexagon unit cell 21, and the round hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cells 3 are filled with hollow particle subgroups 1 (may also be referred to as particles). The unit cells 21 have an average cross-sectional area of 10 to 400mm 3 . The hollow particle group 1 is respectively filled in the plurality of chambers, N hollow particles 11 in the hollow particle group are a group (N is a positive integer, and N is more than or equal to 1), of course, the number N of the hollow particles 11 in each group can be different, the plurality of groups of hollow particles divided by the hollow particle group 1 are respectively filled in the dot matrix structure, and the filled hollow particle group 1 is used as a damping medium of the dot matrix structure. The first hollow particles 1 are metal hollow particles or polymer hollow particles, and the embodimentThe thickness of the hollow particle wall 12 of the hollow particle 1 in example 1 may be 0.1-10mm according to the actual application, and all the hollow particles 11 in the hollow particle group 1 may be the same size particles or different size particles.
In other embodiments, the honeycomb aluminum lattice structure may also consider a quadrilateral lattice, a Kagome lattice, a full triangular lattice, a diamond lattice, a hybrid lattice, a square stationary indefinite lattice, or a novel Kagome lattice, a woven laminated sandwich structure, a three-dimensional full triangular lattice structure, an octahedral structure, a tetrahedral and quadrangular pyramid lattice sandwich structure, or a three-dimensional Kagome structure. The chambers are arranged in the body and are distributed in parallel at intervals along the axial direction of the lattice structure, and the intervals are adjusted and arranged according to the wall thickness of the lattice structure and correspond to form relatively independent chambers; the side length of each cavity can be the same to form the same cavity, or can be increased or decreased along the radial direction of the lattice structure according to actual requirements to form a gradient lattice structure.
The particle damping technology of the embodiment 1 can be applied to a rocket drop impact damping box special for a carrier rocket of the long sign No. B, and is verified by rocket flight tests, the impact energy is efficiently dissipated and separated, the beneficial effect of the particle damping technology is further highlighted, and the particle damping technology contributes to great breakthrough of the large-diameter rocket separation technology in China.
The plurality of hexagonal unit cells 21 in the honeycomb aluminum lattice structure body of the embodiment 1 are regularly arranged unit cells 21, and in other embodiments, the unit cells 21 may be irregularly arranged. In this embodiment 1, the plurality of unit bodies are arranged along the axial direction of the lattice structure body to form an axial honeycomb lattice structure, the plurality of unit bodies 1 are closely arranged and integrally formed, and the hollow particle swarm 1 can be directly filled in the cavity of the unit cell 21 or can be wrapped by the round hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cell 3. In this embodiment, the circular hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cell 3 can be implemented by using the damping bag 3, that is, the hollow particle swarm 1 is wrapped in a damping bag 3, the hollow particle swarm 1 includes a plurality of hollow particles 11 tightly filled in the whole damping bag 3, and the hollow particles 11 in the damping bag 3 are tightly abutted to each other, so that a certain rigidity is achieved. In other embodiments, the hollow particles inside each cavity may also be enclosed by designing a plurality of damping packs 3, each damping pack 3 being filled with a plurality of hollow particles 11. A plurality of the damping bags 3 are stacked in each chamber; each damping bag has a different preset amount of particulate material and each chamber is configured to receive a different amount of the damping bags 3. Of course, in other embodiments, a gap may be left in the damping bag, and only a proper amount of hollow particles may be filled. For example, hollow particles 11 may be filled in a space range of 80% to 95%.
In this embodiment 1, the damping bag 3 is a wire mesh, and the mesh of the wire mesh is 200-600 mesh. The wire mesh is enclosed to encase the plurality of hollow particles 11. The wire mesh closed package is sealed by welding. A wire mesh having a cavity for receiving the particulate material and a seal openable to communicate to the cavity. The wire mesh damping pack 3 plays a main energy absorbing role in the buffer, and during the falling process of the transport container, the particle damping pack deforms to enable the mutual extrusion collision and inertia attenuation between the particle damping inside the pack, so that a large amount of impact energy is consumed to more effectively protect the transport container.
In another embodiment, the wire mesh damping pack 3 may be provided with other shapes, not limited to a round hole shape, for example, not limited to a round hole shape particle energy dissipation cell 3. The damping pack 3 may also be a plastic film, which also has a cavity for receiving the granular material and a seal that can be opened and closed to communicate with the cavity.
In this embodiment, the lattice structure body 2 further includes a stainless steel housing (not shown), and the stainless steel housing is disposed outside the unit body 2 and the hollow particle swarm 1 thereof in a wrapping manner. The thickness of the stainless steel shell is 5-8mm, the stainless steel shell mainly plays a role in wrapping, cellular aluminum and particle damping wrapping bags are wrapped, and meanwhile, part of energy can be absorbed through deformation when the stainless steel shell falls. However, the stainless steel housing must not be too stiff or too stiff to absorb energy by deformation.
Referring to fig. 5, the embodiment also provides a buffer method of the lattice composite structure using the particle swarm, which specifically includes the following steps:
s1: filling the hollow particle group into a cavity of the lattice structure to form a lattice composite structure;
s2: when the lattice composite structure is impacted, the lattice structure and the hollow particles absorb impact energy by virtue of elastoplastic deformation and frictional heating, namely, the elastoplastic energy is attenuated;
s3: the friction and inelastic collision between hollow particles in the internal cavity of the structure and the hollow particles in the hollow particles and the container provide damping dissipation effect, namely damping energy dissipation;
s4: the discontinuous hollow particle medium forms a centralized mass effect under the impact environment, generates movement opposite to the direction of inertial acceleration, counteracts part of kinetic energy by the opposite inertial force, and has a damping mechanism of the opposite inertial force, namely inertial energy damping.
In the step S1, the filling form of filling the hollow particle swarm into the hollow cavity of the lattice structure includes direct filling, flexible bag filling or metal mesh bag filling.
1) Principle of damping energy attenuation of particle medium
Establishing a mathematical model of particle medium collision based on the coupling of a material point method and a discrete element method, wherein a macro scale adopts the material point method under a large deformation condition, and a particle scale describes the movement of each particle by adopting the discrete element method; the Gaussian integral point in the object point method is represented by a discrete particle set, the input quantity of the particle set is a displacement boundary obtained by the object point method, and the mechanical property of each object point is calculated by the mechanical property of a representative volume element formed by a plurality of particles at the point; and calculating to obtain the average cauchy stress in the domain and the tangential stiffness of the unit based on a discrete element method, forming an integral stiffness matrix, and feeding back to a substance point method for calculation so as to realize the cross-scale research.
Based on the principle that the contact force is transmitted along the force chain direction, the mechanical response of the granular medium under the condition of the point load is simulated numerically, the distribution of the radial stress and the attenuation relation between fluctuation and the point load acting point distance under the point load are analyzed, the radial stress theoretical value of the point load is compared, and the influence of the intrinsic performance parameters of the granular material such as Young's elastic modulus, poisson's ratio, recovery coefficient and surface friction coefficient on the force chain configuration and the evolution rule thereof is discussed.
Based on the vibration table system, an experimental verification platform is built, vertical sinusoidal motion is carried out through the vibration table, acceleration and acting force of the vibration table on the particle medium are collected in real time for the particle medium system under vertical vibration excitation, and average dissipation power of the particle medium system under different excitation frequencies and excitation intensities is researched. And (3) integrating and calculating the experimental data acceleration a (t) and the force F (t) to obtain the average power W of energy transfer of the vibrating table to the particle medium system, wherein the average energy dissipation power of the particle medium system is obtained according to energy conservation.
2) Principle of attenuation of inertial energy of particle flow
Establishing a mathematical model of the particle medium system by improving the Hertz contact theory, deducing a motion equation of the particle medium, and verifying the rationality of the motion equation by utilizing finite element analysis; the method is characterized in that a flow process of a particle medium system is constructed based on a quasi-fluid method, a DPM discrete phase model is adopted to capture the motion trail of a single particle medium, the speeds of the particles at different positions are calculated, the motion characteristics and the stress rules of the single particle medium in the flow process are analyzed, the influence of parameters such as impact strength, particle density and the like on inertial energy transmission and attenuation is researched, an inertial coefficient is provided as an evaluation index of particle inertial energy attenuation, and the advantages and disadvantages of the material energy attenuation capacity can be obtained by comparing the coefficient.
Based on the flowing process in the drop hammer impact experiment simulation particle medium system, response analysis of the multi-particle medium structure during impact contact and after impact occurrence is performed respectively, the movement track of the particle medium and the position and displacement data of particles are measured through a high-speed camera, experimental data are imported into software to perform data processing and reconstruction, physical quantities such as the speed and kinetic energy of the particles can be calculated, and therefore inertial energy and energy attenuation of the particles are calculated.
To demonstrate the inventive performance of example 1, the inventors organized the test and described the test procedure and beneficial effects as follows:
the inventor conducts elastic plastic deformation energy absorption comparison test research on foamed aluminum and metal hollow particles through a uniaxial compression test, wherein the height of a foamed aluminum sample is 40mm (figure 6 a), the filling height of the metal hollow particles is 20mm (figure 6 b), and the stress strain conditions of the foamed aluminum and the metal hollow particles are obtained (figures 6d and e). The experimental results show that after the hollow particles are compressed by 10mm (fig. 6 c), the hollow particles have the same elastoplastic deformation energy absorption effect as aluminum foam, but the initial height of the metal hollow particles is only half of that of the aluminum foam.
Meanwhile, the crushing force of the foamed aluminum is lower, the energy absorption capability under high overload impact load is not ideal, the project group successfully applies the particle damping technology to high overload impact engineering cases such as a long-standing rocket, a dream day experiment cabin and the like, and the application result shows that under the action of transient strong impact, the impact effect can be reduced by more than 70% after damping dissipation due to the friction and inelastic collision between particles, and the discontinuous particle medium absorbing total energy is hopefully improved compared with continuous mediums such as foamed aluminum and the like by combining the hollow particle elastic-plastic energy damping mechanism.
The inventor carries out stress strain mechanical property comparison research on the lattice structure and the lattice composite structure through a single-axis compression test (figures 7a, b and c), and experimental results show that the stress strain relation of the lattice structure is gradually increased linearly under the action of pressure, the platform area is shorter (figure 7 d), the mechanical relation curve of the lattice composite structure has obvious slow growth trend after undergoing transient linear change at the initial stage, and the stress strain curve of the lattice composite structure has obvious platform area (figure 7 e) in combination with superposition of elastoplastic energy attenuation and damping energy dissipation mechanisms of metal hollow particle media, so that the impact load of the structure can be gently reduced, and the aim of high-efficiency buffering and energy absorption is fulfilled.
The experimental result proves that the lattice composite structure based on the hollow particle medium has a high-efficiency energy dissipation effect under the dynamic displacement, and data support is provided for a research method required by an energy dissipation mechanism under the high overload displacement.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 8, this embodiment 2 illustrates another hollow particle group 1 filled in the cavity of the lattice structure body, the hollow particle group including a plurality of second hollow particles 12, the second hollow particles 12 having second hollow particle walls 121, each second hollow particle 12 being filled with a plurality of third hollow particles 13; the third hollow particles 13 have third hollow particle walls 131.
Of course, in other embodiments, it is also possible to provide that the hollow particle group 1 includes a plurality of first hollow particles 11 and second hollow particles 12, and each of the second hollow particles 12 is filled with a plurality of third hollow particles 13; the average particle inner diameter range of the first hollow particles 13 is 0.1-100 mm, and the average particle wall thickness of the first hollow particles is 0.1-10mm; the average inner diameter of the second hollow particles ranges from 1 mm to 1000mm, and the wall thickness of the second hollow particles ranges from 0.1 mm to 50mm; the average inner diameter of the third hollow particles ranges from 0.2 mm to 500mm, and the wall thickness of the third hollow particles ranges from 0.1 mm to 50mm.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 9-11, embodiment 3 illustrates a protection structure of a micro-miniature functional component, which includes a mounting plate 4, a thin-walled energy-absorbing box body 5 with a cylindrical section, and an inner core 6 with a variable gradient lattice composite structure, wherein the inner core 6 with the variable gradient lattice composite structure is arranged in the energy-absorbing box body 5, and the mounting plate 4 is arranged in the energy-absorbing box body 5 and is connected with one end of the inner core 6 with the variable gradient lattice composite structure; the microminiature structural functional component 7 is arranged on the mounting plate 1, the variable gradient lattice composite structure inner core 6 comprises a plurality of unit cells 21, the particle energy dissipation cells 3 are arranged in the unit cells 21, and the particle energy dissipation cells 3 are filled with particles 11 (also called hollow particle swarms 11). The inner core 6 of the variable gradient lattice particle composite structure is formed by continuously expanding a plurality of unit cells 21 along a three-dimensional space; in the unit cell 21 of embodiment 3, the structure is identical to that of embodiment 1, the hexagonal unit cells 21 are provided, and each unit cell 21 has a unit cell wall 211 and a cavity 212, the unit cell 21 is internally provided with a particle energy dissipation cell 3, the cross section of the particle energy dissipation cell 3 is in a circular hole shape, the circular hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cell 3 is positioned at the center of the regular hexagonal unit cell 21, hollow particle swarm 1 (also referred to as particles) is filled in the circular hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cell 3, and the difference between the circular hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cell 3 and the regular hexagonal unit cell 21 is that the circular hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cell 3 is connected with the regular hexagonal unit cell 21 through a connecting beam 25. The gaps between the connection beams 25, the round hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cells 3, and the unit cell walls 211 of the regular hexagonal unit cells 21 are honeycomb holes 212, which are also referred to as chambers 212.
The three connecting beams are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the round hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cell at equal intervals and are respectively connected with the inner wall of the outer outline of the regular hexagon unit cell. In this embodiment, the connection beam is connected to three inner corners with equal intervals in the outer contour of the regular hexagonal unit cell.
In the embodiment, the outer contour of the unit cell 21 is a regular hexagon, the unit cell is provided with regular hexagon particle energy dissipation cells, and the regular hexagon particle energy dissipation cells are composed of regular hexagon outer contours and are filled with particles. The unit cells are continuously connected and integrally formed along the three-dimensional space in the energy absorption box body. The variable gradient lattice composite structure is gradually decreased from the center to the two sides along the radial direction, namely, the sectional area of a unit cell is gradually decreased from the center to the two sides.
In this embodiment, one or more damping bags are disposed in the particle energy dissipation cell, and each damping bag is filled with a plurality of particles. Further, each damping pack is filled with particles or particles in the range of 80% -95% of the space. Further, the damping bag is made of a wire mesh, and the mesh of the wire mesh is 200-600 meshes. The wire mesh damping bag plays a main energy absorption role in the buffer, and in the falling process of the transport container, the particle damping bag deforms to enable the particle damping inside the bag to mutually extrude and collide and the inertia to attenuate, so that a large amount of impact energy is consumed to more effectively protect the transport container. Further, the wire mesh is closed around the plurality of particles. The wire mesh closed package is sealed by welding. In other embodiments, the damping pack is a plastic film. In this embodiment 2, the particles are metal solid particles, polymer material solid particles, or ceramic solid particles, and the particle diameter ranges from 1 mm to 5 mm, preferably 2mm.
The whole lattice structure of this embodiment 3 is a gradient lattice composite structure core with decreasing cell cross-sectional area from center to both sides along the radial direction. The cylindrical section thin-wall energy-absorbing box body is made of alloy steel materials, the lattice inner core is made of aluminum alloy materials, and the inner core is filled with solid iron-based particles with the diameter of 2mm. The protection device is connected below the functional component of the microminiature structure through the connection mounting plate 1, so that the installation of the protection device is realized. When the impact of high-speed impact is applied, the thin-wall energy-absorbing box body with the cylindrical section is firstly subjected to impact energy, then the impact energy is transferred to the inner core of the variable gradient lattice particle composite structure, and the structural strength of the rear end of the structure is relatively weak due to the influence of variable gradient, so that the lattice structure at the impact end can be deformed simultaneously, the number of cells of the variable gradient lattice structure participating in deformation energy absorption is larger than that of a uniform lattice structure with the same relative density under the condition of the same equivalent strain, meanwhile, discontinuous particle media form a concentrated mass effect under the transient strong impact environment, and the movement opposite to the inertial acceleration direction is generated, and the additional mass inertial force moving in the opposite direction counteracts part of movement inertial force and has an attenuation mechanism with the action of reverse inertial force. Thus realizing the high overload resistance design of the small-size lattice composite structure.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment 3 are as follows:
(1) Compared with the traditional solid material with the same performance, the lattice structure density is greatly reduced and the weight can be reduced by more than 70 percent in the limited space;
(2) In addition, the energy absorption performance of the honeycomb structure can be improved through the design of the variable density gradient, namely, the variable gradient honeycomb structure can absorb more energy under the same mass or volume condition;
(3) By filling the interior of the honeycomb with particles, energy efficient dissipation occurs through the discontinuous particle medium, a feature that absorbs most of the impact energy and protects the microminiature functional components from damage.
In order to verify the buffering effect of the protection structure of the microminiature functional component, the structure is applied to the microminiature functional component and a scaling model is adopted to carry out a drop experiment, and the lattice composite structure scheme is compared with the foam aluminum buffering scheme to compare the buffering effect.
Processing and manufacturing four groups of microminiature functional component models, wherein one group of microminiature functional components adopts the lattice composite structure, the other three groups of buffer materials are respectively a simple hollow particle group structure, a simple lattice structure and rubber rings and resin hollow particles, an impact acceleration sensor is arranged in the middle of the scaling model to collect acceleration signals during impact, the scaling model is suspended to a height of 3 meters, a lifting rope is cut off after the test starts to enable the model to fall freely, and the maximum value of the impact response spectrum acceleration collected by the two groups of experiments is compared to serve as a buffer effect evaluation index.
Buffer effect contrast test data
| Sequence number | Scheme for the production of a semiconductor device | Maximum acceleration/g | Undershoot ratio |
| 1 | Lattice composite structure | 53.61 | 60.47％ |
| 2 | Simple hollow particle group structure | 71.39 | 47.36％ |
| 3 | Simple lattice structure | 90.86 | 32.81％ |
| 4 | Rubber ring and resin hollow particles | 67.53 | 50.11％ |
By comparing the experimental data, the buffer effect of the inner core lattice composite structure of the variable gradient lattice particle composite structure is obviously better than that of a pure hollow particle group structure and a pure lattice structure, and the shock resistance and the service life of a protected object can be obviously improved.
Finally, what is necessary here is: the above embodiments are only for further detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and some insubstantial modifications and adjustments made by those skilled in the art from the above description of the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hollow particle group filled in a cavity of a lattice structure, wherein the hollow particle group is filled in the cavity of the lattice structure and comprises a plurality of first hollow particles; or (b)
The hollow particle group comprises a plurality of second hollow particles, and each second hollow particle is filled with a plurality of third hollow particles; or the hollow particle group comprises a plurality of first hollow particles and second hollow particles, and each second hollow particle is filled with a plurality of third hollow particles;
the average particle inner diameter range of the first hollow particles is 0.1-100 mm, and the average particle wall thickness of the first hollow particles is 0.1-10mm; the average inner diameter of the second hollow particles ranges from 1 mm to 1000mm, and the wall thickness of the second hollow particles ranges from 0.1 mm to 50mm; the average inner diameter of the third hollow particles ranges from 0.2 mm to 500mm, and the wall thickness of the third hollow particles ranges from 0.1 mm to 50mm.
2. The hollow particle swarm according to claim 1, wherein the lattice structure comprises a lattice structure body, an inner cavity is arranged in the lattice structure body, the inner cavity is divided into a plurality of cavities, and the hollow particle swarm is respectively filled in the plurality of cavities.
3. The hollow particle swarm of claim 2, wherein said lattice structure body comprises a plurality of unit cells, and wherein a plurality of unit cell walls divide the inner cavity into a plurality of chambers.
4. A hollow particle swarm according to claim 3, wherein the hollow particle swarm in each unit cell is externally coated with one or more damping bags, each damping bag being filled or filled with particles in a spatial range of 80% -95%.
5. The hollow particle swarm according to claim 5, wherein said damping pack is a wire mesh damping pack having a mesh size of 200-600 mesh.
6. The population of hollow particles of claim 1, wherein the wire mesh containment wraps a plurality of particles, and wherein the wire mesh containment is sealed by welding to achieve containment.
7. The hollow particle swarm according to claim 1, wherein said particles in said hollow particle swarm are metal hollow particles or polymer hollow particles.
8. The hollow particle swarm according to claim 1, wherein the outer contour of each unit cell is a regular hexagon, each unit cell is provided with a particle energy dissipation cell with a round hole-shaped cross section, the round hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cell is positioned at the center of the regular hexagon, the round hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cell is connected with the regular hexagon through a connecting beam, and the round hole-shaped particle energy dissipation cell is filled with particles.
9. The hollow particle swarm according to claim 9, wherein said unit cells have an average cross-sectional area size of 10-400cm 3 。
10. A method of buffering a lattice composite structure using the hollow particle swarm of any of claims 1-10, comprising the steps of:
s1: filling the hollow particle group into a cavity of the lattice structure to form a lattice composite structure;
s2: when the lattice composite structure is impacted, the lattice structure and the hollow particles absorb impact energy by virtue of elastoplastic deformation and frictional heating, namely, the elastoplastic energy is attenuated;
s3: the friction and inelastic collision between hollow particles in the internal cavity of the structure and the hollow particles in the hollow particles and the container provide damping dissipation effect, namely damping energy dissipation;
s4: the discontinuous hollow particle medium forms a centralized mass effect under the impact environment, generates movement opposite to the direction of inertial acceleration, counteracts part of kinetic energy by the opposite inertial force, and has a damping mechanism of the opposite inertial force, namely inertial energy damping.
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