Circuit and method for inhibiting PID effect of photovoltaic module
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation related equipment, in particular to a circuit and a method for inhibiting PID effect of a photovoltaic module.
Background
As solar power generation technology matures gradually, the installed world-wide world load increases dramatically each year. How to improve the efficiency and the service life of the solar panel is a problem which is urgent to be solved by each photovoltaic manufacturer.
The potential induced degradation (Potential Induced Degradation, PID) effect refers to the phenomenon that the performance of a cell panel assembly is degraded due to ion migration under the high voltage action of a cell and a grounded metal frame of the cell panel assembly, wherein the cell panel assembly is made of a packaging material and materials on the upper surface and the lower surface of the packaging material.
The test of the conductivity (Electrical Conductivity, EL) tester shows that the EL imaging of the normal photovoltaic module battery piece is clear and clean, and the battery pieces around the photovoltaic module generating the PID effect are all blackened. The photovoltaic module with PID effect is sent to a laboratory for testing, and the testing result shows that the average power attenuation is 25% higher than that of the normal module. With reference to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a topology diagram of a conventional photovoltaic inverter, in which PV-input to a photovoltaic panel is directly connected to BUS-inside the inverter, that is, PV-is equal to BUS-, and voltage to ground is raised by raising BUS-to-ground voltage, so that voltage to ground of PV-input to all photovoltaic panels can be raised.
The general idea of the photovoltaic module anti-PID effect technology in the current industry is as follows: and (one) raw materials of the photovoltaic module cell and production process prevention. And (II) the inverter side prevention principle, and both the centralized inverter and the series inverter can adopt the mode of lifting the PV negative electrode potential or lifting the AC side N line potential to indirectly lift the PV negative electrode potential to inhibit the component PID. And thirdly, applying reverse voltage to the battery plate by using a single direct current source at night by using the principle of PID effect reversible repair of the photovoltaic module, and repairing the battery plate with PID phenomenon at daytime.
The second step is that the isolated photovoltaic inverter is allowed to be grounded, but most of the photovoltaic inverters in the market belong to non-isolated photovoltaic inverters, and the machine cannot be grounded, otherwise the inverter is damaged. And (III) additional power is required, with the final objective of raising the PV-to-ground voltage to positive.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the problems of the second and the third, the voltage of the PV-to-the-earth is raised to positive voltage by utilizing the BUS voltage of the photovoltaic inverter working under the condition of not using an external power supply.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a circuit for suppressing PID effect of a photovoltaic module, including a first switch, a second switch, a bootstrap capacitor and a holding capacitor;
one end of the first switch is connected with one end of the bootstrap capacitor, the other end of the first switch is provided with a first contact of the first switch and a second contact of the first switch, the first contact of the first switch is conducted with the input end of the photovoltaic module to form a first branch of the first switch, and the second contact of the first switch is conducted with one end of the holding capacitor to form a second branch of the first switch;
one end of the second switch is connected with the other end of the bootstrap capacitor, the other end of the second switch is provided with a first contact of the second switch and a second contact of the second switch, the first contact of the second switch is conducted with the output end of the photovoltaic module to form a first branch of the second switch, and the second contact of the second switch is conducted with the other end of the holding capacitor to form a second branch of the second switch;
when the first branch of the first switch and the first branch of the second switch are simultaneously conducted, the input end of the photovoltaic module provides electric energy for the bootstrap capacitor; when the first switch second branch and the second switch second branch are simultaneously conducted, the bootstrap capacitor provides power for the holding capacitor.
Preferably, the first switch and the second switch are driven by the same driving circuit.
Preferably, the first switch and the second switch are any combination of one or more of a solid state relay, a reed switch, an insulated gate bipolar transistor and a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor.
Preferably, bootstrap capacitor voltage sampling circuits are connected in parallel at two ends of the bootstrap capacitor, and photovoltaic module output voltage sampling circuits are connected in parallel at the photovoltaic module output end.
Preferably, the circuit for inhibiting PID effect of the photovoltaic module further comprises a first diode;
when the first branch of the first switch and the first branch of the second switch are conducted, the first diode is arranged on the first branch of the second switch, the cathode of the first diode is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module, and the anode of the first diode is connected with the other end of the bootstrap capacitor; and is also provided with
When the first switch second branch and the second switch second branch are conducted, the first diode is arranged on the first switch second branch, the cathode of the first diode is connected with one end of the holding capacitor, and the anode of the first diode is connected with one end of the bootstrap capacitor.
Preferably, the circuit for inhibiting the PID effect of the photovoltaic module further comprises a second diode, the second diode is located in the first branch of the second switch, the cathode of the second diode is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module, and the anode of the second diode is connected with the first diode.
Preferably, the circuit for inhibiting the PID effect of the photovoltaic module further comprises a first current limiting resistor, wherein one end of the first current limiting resistor is connected with the first diode, and the other end of the first current limiting resistor is connected with the first switch or the second switch.
Preferably, the circuit for inhibiting PID effect of the photovoltaic module further comprises a second current limiting resistor, wherein the second current limiting resistor is positioned on the first branch of the first switch, and two ends of the second current limiting resistor are respectively connected with the other end of the first switch and the input end of the photovoltaic module.
The method for inhibiting the PID effect of the photovoltaic module is applied to the circuit for inhibiting the PID effect of the photovoltaic module, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring the bootstrap capacitor voltage when the first switch first branch is conducted with the second switch first branch;
step 2: judging whether the bootstrap capacitor voltage is higher than a preset bootstrap capacitor value, if not, continuing to acquire the bootstrap capacitor voltage;
step 3: if the bootstrap capacitor voltage is higher than the preset value of the bootstrap capacitor, judging whether the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is higher than a target value of the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, and if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is higher than the target value of the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, continuing to acquire the bootstrap capacitor voltage;
step 4: if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is not higher than the output voltage target value of the photovoltaic module, the first switch second branch circuit and the second switch second branch circuit are connected, whether the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is higher than the output voltage target value of the photovoltaic module is continuously judged, and if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is higher than the output voltage target value of the photovoltaic module, the first switch first branch circuit and the second switch first branch circuit are connected;
step 5: if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is not higher than the target value of the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, judging whether the voltage of the bootstrap capacitor is higher than a preset value of the bootstrap capacitor.
Preferably, the relationship between the preset value of the bootstrap capacitor and time satisfies the following formula:
wherein u is t Presetting a value for the bootstrap capacitor; u (u) 0 An initial voltage of the bootstrap capacitor; t is the estimated time from the initial voltage to the preset value of the bootstrap capacitor; u (u) s Is the power supply voltage; r is the resistance value of the bootstrap capacitor charging current-limiting resistor, C is the capacitance value of the bootstrap capacitor, and e is a natural constant.
The invention provides a circuit and a method for inhibiting PID effect of a photovoltaic module, which are used for detecting voltage at two ends of PV-/PE (earth) through sampling, judging whether signals are sent out or not, and driving a relay to switch and control bootstrap capacitor charge and discharge so as to achieve the purpose of lifting the voltage of the PV-/earth. Under the condition of no external power supply, the invention uses the BUS voltage of the photovoltaic inverter to raise the voltage of the PV-to the ground to positive voltage. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, few devices, easy control and the like. PID inhibition or repair can be carried out on the photovoltaic panel for both the isolated inverter and the non-isolated inverter without being separated from each other in daytime and at night.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a simplified topology of a prior art photovoltaic inverter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a circuit for suppressing PID effects in a photovoltaic module in an inverter;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of internal wiring of an embodiment of a circuit for suppressing PID effects in a photovoltaic module;
FIG. 4 is a waveform of a corresponding capacitor voltage when the internal relay of the circuit embodiment for suppressing PID effect of the photovoltaic module is switched;
FIG. 5 is a method embodiment PV-/PE boost control logic for suppressing PID effects in a photovoltaic module.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present invention, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the first switch and the second switch are the same, and a relay is used. The circuit for suppressing PID effect of the photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment is disposed between the inverter BUS+ and the inverter BUS-or the PV-.
With reference to fig. 3, the above circuit includes: the photovoltaic module comprises a first Relay1, a second Relay2, a Relay equivalent power supply VP3, a first diode D2, a second diode D3, a Relay driving circuit IGBT1, a bootstrap capacitor C4 and a holding capacitor C8, wherein a bootstrap capacitor voltage sampling circuit VSEN1, a photovoltaic module output voltage sampling circuit VSEN2, a first current limiting resistor R3 and a second current limiting resistor R4. It should be understood that the first diode D2, the second diode D3, the first current limiting resistor R3, and the second current limiting resistor R4 may be reduced or replaced according to practical situations.
One end of the first Relay1 is provided with a contact 3, and the other end is provided with a first switch first contact (namely a contact 1 of the first switch) and a first switch second contact (namely a contact 2 of the first switch). One end of the second Relay2 is provided with a contact 3, and the other end is provided with a second switch first contact (namely a contact 1 of the second switch) and a second switch second contact (namely a contact 2 of the second switch).
The input end BUS+ of the photovoltaic module is sequentially connected with a second current limiting resistor R4, a first Relay Relay1 and one end of a bootstrap capacitor C4 in series to form a first branch of a first switch, and at the moment, a contact 1 of the first Relay Relay1 is connected with a contact 3. The other end of the bootstrap capacitor C4 is sequentially connected with a second Relay2, a first current-limiting resistor R3, a first diode D2 and a second diode D3 in series, and is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module to form a first branch of a second switch, and at the moment, a contact 1 and a contact 3 of the second Relay2 are connected. The bootstrap capacitor voltage sampling circuit VSEN1 is connected in parallel with the two ends of the bootstrap capacitor C4, and the photovoltaic module output end is connected in parallel with the photovoltaic module output voltage sampling circuit VSEN2. The cathode of the second diode D3 is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module, and the anode of the second diode D3 is connected with the first diode D2.
When the voltage of the photovoltaic module output voltage sampling circuit VSEN2, namely the PV-/PE voltage, reaches the photovoltaic module output voltage target value, the Relay driving circuit IGBT1 receives a Relay starting driving signal, and contacts of the first Relay1 and the second Relay2 are upward. At this time, the first branch of the first switch is communicated with the first branch of the second switch, BUS+ current passes through the second current limiting resistor R4, the contact 1 and the contact 3 of the first Relay Relay1, the bootstrap capacitor C4, the contact 3 and the contact 1 of the second Relay Relay2, the first current limiting resistor R3, the first diode D2, the second diode D3 and the PV-form a passage to charge the bootstrap capacitor C4.
The two ends of the bootstrap capacitor C4 are respectively connected with one end contact 3 of the first Relay1 and one end contact 3 of the second Relay 2. The contact 2 at the other end of the first Relay1 is sequentially connected in series with the first current limiting resistor R3, the first diode D2 and one end of the holding capacitor C8 to be conducted, so that a first switch second branch is formed. The first current limiting resistor R3 is used for controlling the charge-discharge current and the charge-discharge time. At this time, the cathode of the first diode D2 is connected to one end of the holding capacitor C8, and the anode of the first diode D2 is connected to one end of the bootstrap capacitor C4, so as to prevent the current on the holding capacitor C8 from flowing back to the bootstrap capacitor C4. The other end contact 2 of the second Relay2 is connected with the other end of the holding capacitor C8 to form a second branch of the second switch. At this time, one end of the holding capacitor C8 is connected in series with a second diode D3 and connected with the output end BUS-of the photovoltaic module, and the other end is connected with the inverter casing (earth), so as to form a photovoltaic module output voltage sampling circuit VSEN2 for detecting the voltage of the holding capacitor C8, and the photovoltaic module output voltage sampling circuit is used for collecting the voltages of PV-and PE. At this time, the cathode of the second diode D3 is connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic module, and the anode of the second diode is connected to one end of the holding capacitor C8.
When the DSP of the inverter adopts that the voltage in the bootstrap capacitor voltage sampling circuit VSEN1 is lower than the preset value of the bootstrap capacitor, the Relay driving circuit IGBT1 receives a Relay closing driving signal, and contacts of the first Relay1 and the second Relay2 are downward. At this time, the first switch second branch is communicated with the second switch second branch, and the current of the bootstrap capacitor C4 passes through the contact 3 and the contact 2 of the first Relay1, and passes through the first current limiting resistor R3, the first diode D2, the holding capacitor C8 and the contact 3 and the contact 2 of the second Relay2, so that a path for charging the C8 is formed. The voltage on the holding capacitor C8 is equal to the voltage between PV and the ground because of BUS-equal to PV-, and the circuit mainly charges the holding capacitor C8 to maintain the voltage across the holding capacitor C8, namely, to raise the potential between PV and the enclosure (ground). The second diode D3 is connected in series with the holding capacitor C8 for preventing an alternating current generation path. And entering the next charge-discharge cycle, and repeating the cycle, and transferring the charge of BUS+ voltage to the bootstrap capacitor C4 to two ends of the holding capacitor C8 by using the bootstrap capacitor C4 so as to control the voltage between the PV-and the machine shell (earth) to reach the target value of the output voltage of the photovoltaic module. The second current limiting resistor R4 is used for controlling the charge-discharge current and the charge-discharge time.
The first Relay1 and the second Relay2 are driven by the same Relay driving circuit IGBT 1. The Relay driving circuit IGBT1 is provided with a Relay equivalent power supply VP3 which is used for attracting the contact of the first Relay1 and the contact of the second Relay 2. The corresponding capacitor voltage waveforms when the relay is switched are shown in fig. 4.
Because different common-mode voltages are generated by different inversion topologies, the device can be connected at different positions of BUS+ and BUSN (namely neutral point potential of BUS) to charge the capacitor according to the common-mode voltage influence considered by the inverter topology, and the charging and discharging time of the capacitor C8 is different from the position to the position. According to the actual application condition, the voltage connected to BUSN or BUS+ is selected, the inverter DSP detects the voltage at two ends of the PV-/PE (the earth) through sampling, judges whether to send out a signal, and drives the relay to switch and control the charge and discharge of the bootstrap capacitor C4 so as to achieve the purpose of lifting the voltage of the PV-to the earth.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, before the circuit is turned on, first, software presets a target value of output voltage of the photovoltaic module and a preset value of bootstrap capacitor. Step 1: and when the first Relay1 and the second Relay2 are both connected with the contact 1 and the contact 3, namely when the first branch of the first switch and the first branch of the second switch are conducted, the bootstrap capacitor voltage is obtained. Step 2: judging whether the bootstrap capacitor voltage reaches a preset bootstrap capacitor value, and if the bootstrap capacitor voltage is not higher than the preset bootstrap capacitor value, continuing to acquire the bootstrap capacitor voltage. Step 3: if the bootstrap capacitor voltage reaches the preset value of the bootstrap capacitor, judging whether the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is higher than the target value of the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, namely whether the PV-voltage is required to be raised, and if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is higher than the target value of the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, continuing to acquire the bootstrap capacitor voltage. Step 4: if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is lower than the target value of the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, the contacts 2 and 3 of the first Relay1 and the second Relay2 are connected, namely the second branch of the first switch and the second branch of the second switch are connected, and the bootstrap capacitor C4 charges the holding capacitor C8 so as to raise the PV-/PE voltage. And continuously judging whether the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is higher than the output voltage target value of the photovoltaic module, if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is higher than the output voltage target value of the photovoltaic module, switching on the contact 1 and the contact 3 of the first Relay1 and the second Relay2, namely switching on the first branch of the first switch and the first branch of the second switch, and charging the bootstrap capacitor C4 by the BUS, namely entering a control cycle again. Step 5: if the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is not higher than the target value of the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, continuously judging whether the voltage of the bootstrap capacitor is higher than a preset value of the bootstrap capacitor.
The relationship between the preset value of the bootstrap capacitor and the time satisfies the following formula:
wherein u is t Presetting a value for the bootstrap capacitor; u (u) 0 An initial voltage of the bootstrap capacitor; t is the estimated time from the initial voltage to the preset value of the bootstrap capacitor; u (u) s Is the power supply voltage; r is the resistance value of the bootstrap capacitor charging current-limiting resistor, C is the capacitance value of the bootstrap capacitor, and e is a natural constant.