CN117411041B - Wind-solar-electricity-hydrogen-heat storage multifunctional complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system - Google Patents
Wind-solar-electricity-hydrogen-heat storage multifunctional complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system Download PDFInfo
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- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013486 operation strategy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;bromide;hydrate Chemical group [Li+].O.[Br-] IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/008—Systems for storing electric energy using hydrogen as energy vector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a wind-solar-electricity-hydrogen-heat storage multi-energy complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system which comprises an electric power subsystem, a hydrogen energy subsystem, a heat integration subsystem, a refrigeration subsystem and an energy storage subsystem. The system is powered by power supply equipment such as a photovoltaic array, a wind driven generator and the like and an external power grid, a heat source is provided for the system by the photo-thermal equipment, and carbon dioxide is not discharged to the environment in the operation process of the system. The electric-hydrogen-electric high-efficiency conversion and multi-time scale energy storage are realized through a solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic hydrogen production system in the hydrogen energy subsystem; the comprehensive cascade utilization of energy is realized through the heat integration subsystem, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved; the multi-energy flow decoupling is realized through the electric-thermal-hydrogen-cold multi-element energy storage equipment, so that the energy supply flexibility of the system is improved. The system terminal is directly connected with a user, so that the multi-energy requirements of daily electric power, hot water, heating in winter, cooling in summer, charging of an electric vehicle, hydrogenation of a hydrogen energy vehicle and the like are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of distributed energy systems, in particular to a wind-solar-electricity-hydrogen-heat storage multi-energy complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system.
Background
The distributed energy system is an important supplement to the traditional centralized energy supply mode, and is a key support technology for energy transformation. With the development of renewable energy and advanced energy technologies, the meaning of traditional distributed energy systems is continuously expanded and derived, and a multi-energy complementary distributed energy system (MCDES) with multiple flexibility of fuel utilization is gradually becoming a new development direction. The construction of the multi-energy complementary distributed energy system has important significance for steadily advancing energy supply and energy technical revolution, establishing a multi-energy supply system and guaranteeing national energy supply safety.
The multi-energy complementary distributed energy system is positioned at or near a load center, so that the rigid connection between the source and the net and the load is changed into the flexible connection between the source and the load which is convenient to regulate and control, and the energy loss and the infrastructure investment caused by large-scale energy transportation are avoided; the on-site production and the digestion of energy improve the capability of the system to cope with extreme weather, serious natural disasters and the like. Meanwhile, the MCDES breaks through barriers among energy subsystems through means of multi-energy cooperation, energy comprehensive cascade utilization and the like, avoids high-quality low-use of energy, greatly improves the energy utilization efficiency and reduces the multi-element energy supply cost of the terminal.
However, currently constructed multi-energy complementary distributed energy systems are mostly related to fossil energy conversion use, and the system cannot realize net zero emission; when renewable energy sources such as wind and light are integrated on the system resource side, the fluctuation and intermittence of the wind and light resources make stable and reliable energy supply of the system challenging. Meanwhile, the multi-energy flows in the MCDES are mutually coupled, the grid-connected system has insufficient flexibility, cannot adapt to the change of the terminal requirements, and is difficult to participate in the peak shaving of the power grid and other auxiliary services of the power market. In addition, the energy grade of different energy flows in the system is different, for example, the difference of the heat energy doing function under different temperatures and pressures is obvious, the existing system can not realize high-efficiency energy cascade utilization, the energy saving potential of the system is not fully excavated, and the energy efficiency of the system is limited. Therefore, there is a need to construct a clean, efficient, flexible and reliable multi-energy complementary distributed energy system that can address external resource uncertainty and internal multi-energy flow coupling challenges.
The invention patent CN 110185538A published in 2022, 4 and 19 relates to a multifunctional complementary distributed energy system, which realizes the three complementary energy supply of cold, heat and electricity mainly using natural gas by complementarily supplying electricity, light and natural gas, improves the resource utilization and reduces the environmental pollution. However, this technique has the following disadvantages:
1. natural gas is input to the resource side of the system, and carbon emission can be generated when the system supplies energy;
2. the internal heat energy utilization mode of the system is simple, the energy-saving potential of the system cannot be fully excavated, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is limited;
3. the system has a single solar energy utilization mode and is only provided with a photovoltaic array.
The invention patent CN 114061173A applied in 2 months and 18 days of 2022 relates to an energy cascade utilization system and method of a multi-energy complementary distributed energy system, and the energy cascade utilization system comprises an internal combustion engine unit, a Stirling unit, a flue gas hot water lithium bromide unit and a heat exchanger unit, wherein an energy management module is used for respectively controlling the working conditions of a flow regulating device, the internal combustion engine unit, the Stirling unit, the flue gas hot water lithium bromide unit and the heat exchanger unit according to the relation between the energy demand feedback quantity of a user side and the total supply quantity of the system, so that the effects of supply and demand matching and efficient cascade utilization are achieved. However, this technique has the following disadvantages:
1. the resource side input in the system is natural gas, and carbon emission can be generated when the system supplies energy;
2. the system is not provided with energy storage equipment, cannot perform multi-energy flow decoupling in a combined cooling heating power mode, and cannot participate in peak shaving and load side demand response;
3. the system has the advantages of relatively single energy supply mode and insufficient energy supply flexibility.
The invention patent CN 108592454A applied in 2018, 9 and 28 provides a comprehensive energy supply system and an energy supply method for a multi-energy complementary distributed energy source and resources, which are used for realizing the integrated targets of distributed energy source, low-temperature geothermal energy and garbage recycling.
However, this technique has the following disadvantages:
1. the system inputs carbon sources including natural gas, garbage, plants, urban excrement and the like, and carbon dioxide is discharged into the environment when the system supplies energy;
2. the input side of the system is not integrated with the fluctuation wind-solar renewable energy resource, and the carbon-based energy resource is limited;
3. the system has a complex structure, but an effective scheme for cascade utilization of heat energy in the system is not proposed, so that the upper limit of energy efficiency improvement of the system is restricted;
3. the system only has the energy storage equipment of the biogas storage device, and cannot effectively participate in power market auxiliary services such as power grid peak shaving, demand side response and the like.
The invention patent CN 110768279A applied in the 2 nd month and 7 th year of 2020 provides a multi-energy complementary distributed energy supply method and system based on light, gas, hydrogen and storage, which not only can meet the energy demand of users, but also can meet the self-sufficiency of fuel, and improve the utilization and comprehensive utilization rate of energy. However, this technique has the following disadvantages:
1. the resource side input in the system is natural gas, and carbon emission can be generated when the system supplies energy;
2. the system adopts a proton membrane electrolysis mode to produce hydrogen, and the low-temperature operation cannot effectively participate in the whole heat integration of the system; the fuel cell and the electrolytic tank are two independent devices, and the hydrogen production device has low utilization rate;
3. the effective scheme of gradient utilization of the heat energy in the system is not proposed, so that the upper limit of the energy efficiency of the system is restricted;
4. the refrigeration requirement is realized only through waste heat utilization equipment, and the refrigeration method is single;
5. while the system meets various energy demands, the lack of alternative energy supply means presents challenges for flexibility and reliability of energy supply.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a wind-solar-electricity-hydrogen-heat storage multi-energy complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system (MCDES), which realizes reliable, flexible, efficient and clean supply of terminal multi-energy requirements and assistance in building a zero-carbon community through integration of wind-solar renewable energy resources at a resource side, comprehensive cascade utilization of heat energy in the system and cooperation of electric-hydrogen-heat-cold multi-element energy storage technologies.
The invention discloses a wind-solar-electricity-hydrogen-heat storage multifunctional complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system. The MCDES resource side integrates wind and light resources, supplies power to the system through equipment such as a wind driven generator, a photovoltaic array and the like, and supplies heat sources to the system through light and heat equipment such as a flat plate type heat collector, a vacuum tube plate type heat collector, a parabolic trough type heat collector and the like. In addition, the power bus of the grid-connected system is connected with a main power grid to obtain external power support. The system terminal is directly connected with a user, so that the multi-energy requirements of daily electric power, hot water, heating in winter, cooling in summer, charging of an electric vehicle, hydrogenation of a hydrogen energy vehicle and the like are met.
The MCDES system is subdivided into five subsystems: an electric power subsystem, a hydrogen energy subsystem, a heat integration subsystem, a refrigeration subsystem and an energy storage subsystem.
The input of the electric subsystem is connected with the wind driven generator, the photovoltaic array, an external power grid and the output end of the fuel cell, and the electric power is output to an electric boiler, an electric heat pump, a compression electric refrigerator, an end user, a charging pile and auxiliary electric equipment. The electric power subsystem is in bidirectional connection with electric storage equipment such as a lithium battery and a flow battery, charges the electric storage equipment in the power enrichment and grid power valley period, and supplies power through the electric storage equipment in the power deficiency and grid peak period.
The hydrogen energy subsystem adopts a solid oxide electrolysis hydrogen production/fuel cell technology to realize an electric-hydrogen-electric conversion function; the solid oxide electrolysis hydrogen production/fuel cell system can be automatically switched between electrolysis and power generation modes, and the equipment utilization rate is high; meanwhile, the high-temperature running condition ensures that the system has high electrolytic hydrogen production efficiency and the fuel cell thermoelectric comprehensive energy utilization efficiency. In the electrolytic hydrogen production mode, the input side of the system is connected with an electric subsystem, water in a water tank is evaporated and overheated to reach the working temperature (650-800 ℃), then the water is introduced into a fuel electrode, air is introduced into an air electrode after being heated to the working temperature, and hydrogen produced by electrolysis is stored in a hydrogen storage tank in a pressurized manner after heat exchange and temperature reduction, or is supplied to a terminal hydrogen fuel cell automobile through a hydrogenation station. In the fuel cell mode, hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank is introduced into the fuel electrode after being heated to the working temperature, air is introduced into the air electrode after being heated to the working temperature, and the output end of the fuel cell is connected with the electric subsystem to supply power to the system; meanwhile, hydrogen which is not fully reacted by the fuel electrode and excessive air which is introduced by the air electrode are introduced into the tail burner, and the mixed gas after combustion is connected with the heat integration subsystem to supply heat to the system.
The heat integration subsystem realizes comprehensive gradient utilization of heat energy through cold/hot fluid matching, and improves the energy efficiency of the system. The input side of the heat integration subsystem is connected with photo-thermal equipment such as a flat plate type heat collector, a vacuum tube plate type heat collector, a parabolic trough type heat collector and the like, electric heating equipment such as an electric boiler, an electric heat pump and the like, high-temperature mixed gas at the outlet of a tail combustor in the hydrogen energy subsystem (fuel cell mode), high-temperature hydrogen at the outlet of a galvanic pile and oxygen-enriched air (electrolytic hydrogen production mode). The output side of the heat integration subsystem is connected with a single-effect/double-effect/triple-effect absorption refrigerator in the refrigeration subsystem and is used for driving refrigeration; in the fuel cell mode, the fuel cell is connected with the air/hydrogen at the inlet of a galvanic pile in the hydrogen energy subsystem, and the air and the hydrogen are preheated; in the electrolytic hydrogen production mode, the device is connected with the air/water at the inlet of a galvanic pile in a hydrogen energy subsystem, and heats the air, the evaporated water and the water vapor to an overheat state; is connected with the terminal user to meet the requirements of heating in winter and daily hot water. The heat integration subsystem is connected with heat storage equipment such as a hot water storage tank, a heat conduction oil storage tank and the like in a two-way mode, heat energy with different temperature levels is stored respectively, energy is charged into the heat storage equipment when heat is generated by the system excessively, and energy is released by the heat storage equipment when the heat demand of the system is excessively high.
The refrigerating subsystem comprises compression type electric refrigerating equipment and a single-effect/double-effect/triple-effect absorption refrigerator, wherein the input side of the electric refrigerator is connected with the electric subsystem and driven by electric power; the input side of the single-effect/double-effect/triple-effect absorption refrigerator is connected with a thermodynamic subsystem, and is driven by heat sources with different temperature grades, and the temperature levels are respectively about 90 ℃, 180 ℃ and 215 ℃; the output sides of the compression type electric refrigerating equipment and the absorption type refrigerating equipment are directly connected with end users, and summer refrigerating service is provided for the compression type electric refrigerating equipment and the absorption type refrigerating equipment. The refrigeration subsystem is connected with the ice cold storage equipment in a bidirectional way, and participates in peak shaving, demand side response and other auxiliary services in the electric power market through optimizing the energy storage and release strategy.
The energy storage subsystem comprises the lithium battery, the flow battery, the hydrogen storage tank, the hot water storage tank, the heat conduction oil storage tank, the ice cold storage and other energy storage devices. The energy storage equipment realizes decoupling among the internal multipotency flows of the system, stabilizes the fluctuation of wind and light output at the resource side, improves the energy supply stability and reliability of the system, enhances the interaction capability of the system and external energy sources, and reduces the overall energy supply cost of the system by participating in peak shaving and other electric power market auxiliary services of the power grid.
In the wind-solar-electricity-hydrogen-heat storage multi-energy complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system, power storage equipment such as lithium batteries and flow batteries of an electric subsystem, heat storage equipment such as a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen energy subsystem, a hot water storage tank of a thermodynamic subsystem, a heat conduction oil storage tank and the like, and energy storage equipment such as ice storage in a refrigeration subsystem jointly form a multi-element energy storage system, so that multi-energy flow decoupling in the system is realized, and power auxiliary services such as source side renewable energy fluctuation and auxiliary power grid peak regulation and frequency modulation are dealt with; meanwhile, the fluctuation renewable energy power is converted into stable chemical energy in the hydrogen through the hydrogen energy subsystem, so that the energy supply stability and reliability of the system are enhanced.
Various selectable technical routes are provided in the electric power subsystem, the hydrogen energy subsystem, the heat integration subsystem, the refrigeration subsystem and the energy storage subsystem, and different equipment capacities are determined according to economic, environmental protection, high efficiency, reliability and other criteria targets by combining resource distribution and demand characteristics; meanwhile, the hydrogen energy subsystem provides an electric-hydrogen-electric conversion path, and the energy supply flexibility of the system is improved.
According to the invention, the heat integration subsystem is used for realizing the cold and hot fluid matching in the whole system, integrating different heat source heat sinks according to the principle of 'energy level matching and cascade utilization', realizing the comprehensive and efficient cascade utilization of heat energy, fully excavating the energy-saving potential of the system and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system.
In the invention, a source side integrates wind-solar renewable energy sources and is connected with an external power grid; the system uses hydrogen-heat-storage as a core to realize energy production conversion, supplies multiple energy demands of a terminal, has no carbon source input and carbon dioxide emission in the whole process, and realizes the clean energy supply target.
The hydrogen energy subsystem adopts a solid oxide hydrogen production/fuel cell system, and the equipment operates in an electrolysis/power generation dual mode, so that the equipment utilization time is prolonged; the high-temperature operating condition enables the hydrogen energy subsystem and the heat integration subsystem to be mutually coupled, improves the efficiency of the hydrogen energy system and enhances the energy efficiency of the whole system.
When the output of a photovoltaic array and a wind driven generator in the electric power subsystem is rich or the electricity price of a power grid is in a valley period, a solid oxide system in the hydrogen energy subsystem operates in an electrolysis mode to prepare hydrogen, the heat integration subsystem stores heat into a hot water storage tank and a heat conducting oil storage tank, and the refrigeration subsystem stores energy into ice storage equipment through an electric refrigeration device;
when the output of a photovoltaic array and a wind driven generator in the electric power subsystem is insufficient or the electricity price of a power grid is in a peak period, a solid oxide system in the hydrogen energy subsystem operates in a fuel cell mode, heat and power cogeneration is realized by consuming hydrogen, a hot water storage tank and a heat conducting oil storage tank release heat to the heat integration subsystem, and the ice cold storage equipment releases energy to the refrigeration subsystem.
The heat integration subsystem is used as a core to be connected with an electric power, hydrogen energy, refrigeration and energy storage subsystem;
the system comprises an electric boiler, an electric heat pump and an electric heater in an electric subsystem, wherein a plate-type heat collector, a vacuum tube plate-type heat collector and a parabolic trough-type heat collector in a heat integration subsystem are arranged, an outlet hydrogen side heat exchanger, an outlet flue gas side heat exchanger, a fuel side heat exchanger and an air side heat exchanger in a hydrogen energy subsystem are arranged, comprehensive cascade utilization of energy is realized between single-effect/double-effect/triple-effect absorption refrigerator equipment in a refrigeration subsystem through capacity matching and operation strategy optimization, and comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the wind-solar-electric hydrogen-heat storage multi-energy complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system is improved.
The thermal energy storage subsystem is provided with a hot water storage tank and a heat conducting oil storage tank and is used for storing heat energy with different temperature levels.
The flexible combination of multiple energy storage technologies such as electricity storage, heat storage, hydrogen storage, cold storage and the like is realized in the energy storage subsystem, and the flexibility of system integration and operation optimization is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wind-powered hydrogen-thermal energy storage multi-energy complementary energy system in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrolytic hydrogen production mode of a wind-powered electro-hydrogen thermal energy storage multi-energy complementary energy system in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell mode of a wind-powered electro-hydrogen thermal energy storage multi-energy complementary energy system in an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure:
1-an electric subsystem, 101-a power grid, 102-photovoltaic, 103-a fan, 104-an electric boiler, 105-an electric heat pump and 106-an electric heater;
2-heat integration subsystem, 201-plate collector, 202-vacuum tube plate collector, 203-parabolic trough collector;
3-hydrogen energy subsystem, 301-galvanic pile, 302-burner, 303-water tank, 304-air compressor, 305-fuel side heat exchanger, 306-air side heat exchanger, 307-hydrogen side heat exchanger, 308-flue gas side heat exchanger, 309-mixer, 310-diverter;
4-refrigerating subsystem, 401-compression refrigerator, 402-single effect absorption refrigerator, 403-double effect absorption refrigerator, 404-triple effect absorption refrigerator;
the system comprises a 5-multi-element energy storage subsystem, a 501-lithium battery, a 502-flow battery, a 503-hot water storage tank, a 504-heat conduction oil storage tank, a 505-hydrogen storage tank and a 506-ice cold storage device;
601-a domestic electric load of a terminal, 602-a charging pile load of an electric vehicle, 603-a heating load in winter, 604-a daily hot water load, 605-a hydrogen energy automobile hydrogen station load and 606-a refrigerating load in summer.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a renewable energy driven multi-energy complementary distributed energy system with zero carbon emission, which is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments, which are suggested to one skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts, fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the wind-solar-electricity-hydrogen-heat storage multi-energy complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system provided by the invention comprises an electric subsystem 1, a heat integration subsystem 2, a hydrogen energy subsystem 3, a refrigeration subsystem 4 and a multi-element energy storage subsystem 5, wherein the system can meet multi-element loads such as terminal residential electricity 601, electric vehicle charging piles 602, winter heating 603, daily hot water 604, hydrogen energy vehicle hydrogenation stations 605, summer refrigeration 606 and the like.
The input end of the electric power subsystem 1 obtains electric power support from the power grid 101 and is connected with the output ends of the photovoltaic power generation 102 and the wind power generation 103; the output side of the electric power subsystem is directly connected with a domestic electric power supply 601 of a terminal and an electric vehicle charging pile 602 to drive an electric boiler 104, an electric heat pump 105 and an electric heater 106 to prepare heat energy with different temperature levels, and bidirectional electric power interaction exists with a hydrogen energy subsystem 3 to drive a compression refrigerator 401 to refrigerate; in the electric power subsystem 1, the lithium battery 501 and the flow battery 502 are used as buffer means to adjust the internal electric power balance of the system, the output of the electric power subsystem is connected with the input sides of the lithium battery 501 and the flow battery 502 when the electric power is rich, and the input of the electric power subsystem is connected with the output sides of the lithium battery 501 and the flow battery 502 when the electric power is insufficient, so that the short-time storage and adjustment of the electric power are realized.
The input end of the heat integration subsystem 2 is connected with the output sides of the plate type heat collector 201, the vacuum tube plate type heat collector 202 and the parabolic trough type heat collector 203, the plate type heat collector 210 provides a heat source with the temperature of 95 ℃, the vacuum tube plate type heat collector 202 provides a heat source with the temperature of 95 ℃ or 185 ℃, and the parabolic trough type heat collector 203 provides a heat source with the temperature of 220 ℃ or 385 ℃. The input end of the heat integration subsystem 2 is connected with the output sides of the electric boiler 104, the electric heat pump 105 and the electric heater 106, and heat sources with different temperatures are integrated. Thermal energy interaction exists between the heat integration subsystem 2 and the hydrogen energy subsystem 3, the input side of the heat integration subsystem is connected with an outlet hydrogen side heat exchanger 307 and an outlet flue gas side heat exchanger 308 in the hydrogen energy subsystem 3, and the output side of the heat integration subsystem is connected with a fuel side heat exchanger 305 and an air side heat exchanger 306 in the hydrogen energy subsystem 3. The output end of the heat integration subsystem 2 is connected with the input sides of a single-effect absorption refrigerator 402, a double-effect absorption refrigerator 403 and a triple-effect absorption refrigerator 404 in the refrigeration subsystem 4. The hot water storage tank 503 and the heat conducting oil storage tank 504 in the heat integration subsystem 2 are used as buffer means to regulate the internal thermodynamic balance of the system, the output of the heat integration subsystem is connected with the input side of the hot water storage tank 503 and the heat conducting oil storage tank 504 when the thermodynamic is sufficient, and the input of the heat integration subsystem is connected with the output side of the hot water storage tank 503 and the heat conducting oil storage tank 504 when the thermodynamic is insufficient, so that the heat energy storage and regulation are directly realized, and the power grid peak regulation is indirectly realized. The output side of the heat integration subsystem 2 is directly connected with a terminal winter heating load 603 and a daily hot water load 604.
The hydrogen energy subsystem 3 adopts a reversible solid oxide cell technology and can operate in two modes of solid oxide fuel cell SOFC and solid oxide electrolysis hydrogen production SOEC, and consists of a galvanic pile 301, a burner 302, a water tank 303, an air compressor 304, a fuel side heat exchanger 305, an air side heat exchanger 306, a hydrogen side heat exchanger 307, a flue gas side heat exchanger 308, a mixer 309 and a flow divider 310. The hydrogen storage tank 505 in the hydrogen energy subsystem 3 is used as a buffer means to adjust the balance of hydrogen energy supply and demand in the system, the output of the hydrogen energy subsystem 3 is connected with the input side of the energy storage tube 505 in the SOEC electrolysis hydrogen production mode, the input of the hydrogen energy subsystem 3 is connected with the output side of the hydrogen storage tank 505 in the SOFC fuel cell mode, and chemical energy storage is performed through hydrogen storage, so that the medium-long term energy storage function is realized. The output side of the hydrogen energy subsystem 3 is directly connected with the terminal hydrogen station 605.
As shown in fig. 2, the hydrogen energy subsystem 3 operates in a fuel cell mode with a solid oxide fuel cell unit operating in the temperature range of 600-850 ℃. The hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank 505 enters the fuel side heat exchanger through the flow mixer 309 through the pressure reducing valve to be heated, and enters the fuel electrode of the electric pile 301 after reaching the operation temperature; air is pressurized by an air compressor 304 and enters an air side heat exchanger for heating, and enters an air electrode of the electric pile 301 after reaching the operation temperature; electrochemical reactions occur inside the stack 301, providing power to the power subsystem 1. The mixed gas composed of hydrogen and water vapor which are not fully reacted at the output side of the fuel electrode of the electric pile 301 enters the combustor 302 through the flow divider, excessive air which is not fully reacted at the output side of the air electrode of the electric pile 301 enters the combustor 302, high-temperature flue gas is generated after the unreacted hydrogen in the combustor 302 is combusted, and the output side is connected with the input side of the heat integration subsystem 2 through the flue gas side heat exchanger 308.
As shown in fig. 3, the hydrogen energy subsystem 3 is operated in a solid oxide electrolytic cell unit in a temperature range of 600 to 850 ℃ in an electrolytic hydrogen production mode. The water in the water tank 303 is heated by a water pump through a fuel side heater and enters the fuel electrode of the electric pile 301 after reaching the operation temperature; air is pressurized by an air compressor 304 and enters an air side heat exchanger for heating, and enters an air electrode of the electric pile 301 after reaching the operation temperature; the electrolytic water reaction occurs in the electric pile 301, the high-temperature hydrogen output by the fuel electrode of the electric pile 301 is connected with the input side of the heat integration subsystem 2 through the hydrogen side heat exchanger 307, and the cooled hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 505.
The refrigerating subsystem 4 consists of a compression type refrigerator 401, a single-effect absorption type refrigerator 402, a double-effect absorption type refrigerator 403 and a triple-effect absorption type refrigerator 404. The input side of the compression type refrigerator 401 is connected with the output side of the electric subsystem 1, and the input sides of the single-effect absorption type refrigerator 402, the double-effect absorption type refrigerator 403 and the triple-effect absorption type refrigerator 404 are connected with the output side of the heat integration subsystem 2. The ice storage device 506 in the refrigeration subsystem 4 is used as a buffer means to adjust the internal refrigeration load balance of the system, when the refrigeration capacity is greater than the demand, the output of the refrigeration subsystem 4 is connected with the input side of the ice storage device 506, and when the refrigeration capacity is less than the demand, the input of the refrigeration subsystem 4 is connected with the output side of the ice storage device 506. The output side of the refrigeration subsystem 4 is directly connected to a terminal summer refrigeration load 606.
The multi-element energy storage subsystem 5 is composed of a lithium battery 501, a flow battery 502, a hot water storage tank 503, a heat conduction oil storage tank 504, a hydrogen storage tank 505 and ice cold storage equipment 506. The lithium battery 501 and the flow battery 502 are connected with the electric power subsystem 1 for electric power interaction; the hot water storage tank 503 and the heat conducting oil storage tank 504 are connected with the heat integration subsystem 2 to perform thermal interaction with different temperature levels; the hydrogen storage tank 505 is connected with the hydrogen energy subsystem 3 for storing and supplying hydrogen; the ice thermal storage device 506 is connected to the refrigeration subsystem 4 for refrigeration storage and supply.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The wind-solar-electricity-hydrogen-heat storage multi-energy complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system is characterized by comprising an electric power subsystem, a hydrogen energy subsystem, a heat integration subsystem, a refrigeration subsystem and an energy storage subsystem;
the input of the electric power subsystem is connected with the output end of the power supply, and the electric power is output to the electric equipment; the power subsystem is in bidirectional connection with the power storage equipment, charges the power storage equipment in the period of power enrichment and grid power low valley, and supplies power through the power storage equipment in the period of power deficiency and grid peak;
the hydrogen energy subsystem adopts a solid oxide electrolysis hydrogen production/fuel cell technology to realize an electric-hydrogen-electric conversion function; the solid oxide electrolysis hydrogen production/fuel cell system can be automatically switched between an electrolysis mode and a power generation mode; in the electrolytic hydrogen production mode, the input side of the system is connected with an electric subsystem, water in a water tank is evaporated and overheated to reach the working temperature and then is introduced into a fuel electrode, air is heated to the working temperature and then is introduced into an air electrode, and hydrogen produced by electrolysis is stored in a hydrogen storage tank in a pressurizing manner after heat exchange and temperature reduction or is supplied to a terminal hydrogen fuel cell automobile through a hydrogenation station; in the fuel cell mode, hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank is introduced into the fuel electrode after being heated to the working temperature, air is introduced into the air electrode after being heated to the working temperature, and the output end of the fuel cell is connected with the electric subsystem to supply power to the system; meanwhile, hydrogen which is not fully reacted by the fuel electrode and excessive air which is introduced by the air electrode are introduced into the tail burner, and the mixed gas after combustion is connected with the heat integration subsystem to supply heat to the system;
the heat integration subsystem realizes comprehensive gradient utilization of heat energy through cold/hot fluid matching; the input side of the heat integration subsystem is connected with the photo-thermal equipment, the electric heating equipment, high-temperature mixed gas at the outlet of a tail combustor in the hydrogen energy subsystem, high-temperature hydrogen at the outlet of a galvanic pile and oxygen-enriched air; the output side of the heat integration subsystem is connected with absorption refrigeration equipment in the refrigeration subsystem and is used for driving refrigeration; in the fuel cell mode, the fuel cell is connected with the air/hydrogen at the inlet of a galvanic pile in the hydrogen energy subsystem, and the air and the hydrogen are preheated; in the electrolytic hydrogen production mode, the device is connected with the air/water at the inlet of a galvanic pile in a hydrogen energy subsystem, and heats the air, the evaporated water and the water vapor to an overheat state; is connected with the terminal user to meet the requirements of heating in winter and daily hot water; the heat integration subsystem is connected with the hot water storage tank and the heat storage equipment of the heat conduction oil storage tank in a two-way manner, and respectively stores heat energy with different temperature levels, charges energy to the heat storage equipment when the heat generated by the system is excessive, and releases energy from the heat storage equipment when the heat demand of the system is excessive;
the refrigerating subsystem comprises compression type electric refrigerating equipment and absorption type refrigerating equipment, wherein the input side of the compression type electric refrigerating equipment is connected with the electric subsystem and driven by electric power; the input side of the absorption refrigeration equipment is connected with the thermodynamic subsystem and is driven by heat sources with different temperature grades respectively; the output sides of the compression type electric refrigeration equipment and the absorption type refrigeration equipment are directly connected with the end user to provide summer refrigeration service for the end user; the refrigeration subsystem is in bidirectional connection with the ice cold storage equipment, and participates in peak shaving and demand side response electric power market auxiliary service through optimizing an energy storage and release strategy;
the energy storage subsystem comprises a lithium battery, a flow battery, a hydrogen storage tank, a hot water storage tank, a heat conduction oil storage tank and ice cold storage energy storage equipment; the energy storage equipment realizes decoupling among the multi-energy flows in the system and stabilizes the fluctuation of the wind-light output at the resource side.
2. The wind-solar-electricity-hydrogen-heat storage multi-energy complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system according to claim 1, wherein the power supply comprises a wind driven generator, a photovoltaic array, an external power grid and a fuel cell;
the electric equipment comprises a solid oxide electrolytic cell, an electric boiler, an electric heat pump, compression type electric refrigeration equipment, an end user, a charging pile and auxiliary electric equipment;
the electricity storage equipment comprises a lithium battery and a flow battery.
3. The wind-solar-electricity-hydrogen-heat storage multi-energy complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system according to claim 1, wherein the photo-thermal equipment comprises a flat plate type heat collector, a vacuum tube plate type heat collector and a parabolic trough type heat collector;
the electric heating equipment comprises an electric boiler and an electric heat pump.
4. The wind-solar-electricity-hydrogen-heat storage multi-energy complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system according to claim 1, wherein the absorption refrigeration equipment is driven by heat sources with different temperature levels, and the temperature levels are respectively 90 ℃, 180 ℃ and 215 ℃.
5. The wind-solar-electricity-hydrogen-heat storage multi-energy complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system according to claim 1, wherein when a photovoltaic array and a wind-driven generator in the electric power subsystem are rich in output or the power grid electricity price is in a low valley period, a solid oxide system in the hydrogen energy subsystem operates in an electrolysis mode to prepare hydrogen, the heat integration subsystem stores heat to a hot water storage tank and a heat conducting oil storage tank, and the refrigeration subsystem stores energy to ice storage equipment through a compression type electric refrigeration equipment;
when the output of a photovoltaic array and a wind driven generator in the electric power subsystem is insufficient or the electricity price of a power grid is in a peak period, a solid oxide system in the hydrogen energy subsystem operates in a fuel cell mode, heat and power cogeneration is realized by consuming hydrogen, a hot water storage tank and a heat conducting oil storage tank release heat to the heat integration subsystem, and the ice cold storage equipment releases energy to the refrigeration subsystem.
6. The wind-solar-electric-hydrogen-thermal energy storage multi-energy complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system according to claim 1, wherein the heat integration subsystem is used as a core to be connected with an electric power, hydrogen energy, refrigeration and energy storage subsystem;
the system comprises an electric boiler, an electric heat pump and an electric heater in an electric subsystem, wherein a plate-type heat collector, a vacuum tube plate-type heat collector and a parabolic trough-type heat collector are arranged in the heat integration subsystem, an outlet hydrogen side heat exchanger, an outlet flue gas side heat exchanger, a fuel side heat exchanger and an air side heat exchanger are arranged in the hydrogen energy subsystem, comprehensive cascade utilization of energy sources is realized among absorption refrigeration equipment in the refrigeration subsystem through capacity matching and operation strategy optimization, and comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the wind-solar-electric hydrogen-heat storage multi-energy complementary zero carbon emission distributed energy source system is improved.
7. The wind-solar-electric-hydrogen-thermal energy storage multi-energy complementary zero-carbon emission distributed energy system according to claim 1, wherein a hot water storage tank and a heat conducting oil storage tank are arranged in the thermal energy storage subsystem and are used for storing heat energy at different temperature levels.
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