CN117407552B - Information expression method of grid information accurate assignment vector line - Google Patents
Information expression method of grid information accurate assignment vector line Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an information expression method for precisely assigning grid information to vector lines, which is characterized in that grid numerical information is precisely assigned to vector line elements, and the vector lines are used for representing information attribute characteristics of linear elements such as roads, rivers, pipe network lines and the like, so that image information is smooth, continuous and natural in space, and free of time and free of scaling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geography science, and particularly relates to an information expression method for precisely assigning grid information to a vector line.
Background
Geographic information is stored in two types, raster data and vector data, the data structures of which are different. The vector data describes the spatial relationship between vector elements by Topology based on point (Points), lines (lines), and planes (planes), and stores attribute information of the vector elements by attribute tables. The attribute table may have a plurality of attribute fields, and each vector element (point element, line element, plane element) has a corresponding attribute record. The vector data is a logical abstraction of geographic information, the vector points are not large and small, only the position information is reflected, the vector lines are not thick and thin, and the vector data is formed by connecting a plurality of position points, so that the vector data can accurately express the shape and the outline of the geographic information such as administrative boundaries, roads, rivers, lakes and the like. The raster data is based on pixels (grids), each grid has a fixed size (resolution), a plurality of grids are connected into a complete plane, each grid stores related numerical values (unique attribute values), and because the grids have fixed sizes, the raster data has limitation in shape expression, and is not as accurate as vector data, particularly when the image is locally enlarged or the grid resolution is relatively low, the 'saw tooth' marks of the shape boundary are obvious.
In practical applications, digital Elevation Model (DEM), remote sensing image, numerical model product, etc. are all raster data, and it is often necessary to assign these raster numerical information (raster information data) to vector lines for presenting attribute characteristics of linear elements such as roads, rivers, pipe network lines, etc. Such as: elevation information of the expressway, road surface temperature information, and the like. The traditional processing method is divided into two types, one is that vector lines of linear elements such as roads, rivers and the like are converted into vector planes (linear closed polygons) through a buffer zone with a certain range, then the vector planes are used as mantle to intercept raster data, and finally the intercepted raster data is used for representing attribute information characteristics such as roads, rivers and the like. The use of raster data to express linear elements has certain limitations in information presentation, especially when the resolution of the raster is low, such as: the general grid resolution of the numerical mode product is km level, and the width of most roads and rivers is smaller than hm level, and the rough grid is used for representing the linear elements in a small area, so that the detail condition of the geometric shape of the linear elements can not be obviously represented, and particularly, when the curvature of the linear elements is relatively large. In addition, the image is not suitable for local amplification no matter how the resolution of the grid is, and the image is in a zigzag shape after being amplified to a certain level. Another processing method is to replace linear elements such as roads and rivers with discrete vector point elements (vector points for short), acquire corresponding grid information data by using the vector points, and then embody attribute information features of the linear elements such as roads and rivers by using the vector points.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention designs an information expression method for accurately assigning grid information to vector lines, which is characterized in that grid numerical information is accurately assigned to vector line elements, and the vector lines are used for representing information attribute characteristics of linear elements such as roads, rivers, pipe network lines and the like in a graph, so that the image information is smooth, continuous and natural in space, and can be scaled randomly without time.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: an information expression method of a grid information accurate assignment vector line comprises the following steps:
step S1, dividing a linear element vector line stored in a vector data form according to rules to obtain a plurality of vector line segments, and endowing each vector line segment with a unique line segment identification code;
step S2, obtaining the middle point of each vector line segment, reserving line segment identification code information corresponding to the line segment by the middle point of each line segment, and storing the line segment identification code information as an identification code attribute field of a vector point element;
step S3, obtaining a grid value corresponding to the intermediate point
And superposing the line segment intermediate points (vector point elements) with raster data, obtaining the numerical value of the raster corresponding to each vector point element, assigning the numerical value to the vector point element, and storing the information as a numerical value attribute field of the vector point element.
And S4, associating the line segment intermediate points with the corresponding line segments according to the line segment identification codes, realizing that the numerical value attribute fields of the vector point elements are assigned to the vector line elements, and storing the numerical value attribute fields of the vector line elements.
Step S5, color-imparting display of vector lines
And giving different colors to vector lines according to the numerical value of the numerical value attribute field of each vector line element to display information, so as to realize information expression.
Further, the raster data and the vector data are geographic information data, namely: with spatial locating features. The vector line of the linear elements is a vector line of the linear elements such as roads, rivers, pipe network lines and the like.
Further, in step S1, the rule of vector line segmentation is uniform segmentation.
Further, in step S1, the length of each segment of the segmented linear element vector line is determined according to the raster data resolution, and the value of the segment is equivalent to the raster data resolution scale, for example: the resolution of raster data is 30m multiplied by 30m, and the length of line segment can be 30-45 m; the raster data resolution is 1000m x 1000m, and the line segment length can be 1000-1500 m.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention realizes the accurate assignment of the grid numerical information to the linear element vector lines of roads, rivers, pipe network lines and the like, and uses the vector lines to display the acquired grid numerical information in a graph, thereby truly realizing the attribute quantization expression of the linear element information of the roads, rivers, pipe network lines and the like by using the vector lines.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an information expression method of a grid information accurate assignment vector line;
FIG. 2 is a view of a segmented vector segment and its attributes representing intent in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a segmented vector segment, intermediate points and intermediate point attributes representing intent according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a line segment middle point vector element according to an embodiment of the present invention after obtaining corresponding grid numerical information and storing the information as a numerical attribute field;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the intent of a vector line attribute after associating a line segment midpoint with an identifier of a corresponding vector line segment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of land elevation information of the No. 1 line of the south Beijing subway according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed description which are to be understood as being merely illustrative of the invention and not limiting of its scope, and various modifications of the invention, which are equivalent to those skilled in the art upon reading the invention, will fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for expressing information of the grid information accurate assignment vector line according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
step S1, uniformly dividing vector lines: vector lines for uniformly dividing linear elements such as roads, rivers, pipe network lines and the like are a plurality of equal-length line segments. Namely: one vector line element is split into a plurality of vector line elements, and the split line elements are logically 'split', and the physical form of the split line elements is shown as a figure and is still continuous and integrated. Each line segment (vector line element) is assigned with a unique line segment identification code and is stored as an identification code attribute field of the vector line (note: the length of the line segment is determined according to the raster data resolution, and the value of the line segment should be equivalent to the scale of the raster data resolution, for example, the raster data resolution is 30m×30m, the length of the line segment can be 30-45 m, the raster data resolution is 1000m×1000m, and the length of the line segment can be 1000-1500 m), see schematic diagram 2;
step S2, obtaining a line segment intermediate point: acquiring the middle point (vector point element) of each line segment, wherein the middle point of each line segment retains the identification code information corresponding to the line segment and is stored as an identification code attribute field of the vector point element, as shown in a schematic diagram 3;
step S3, obtaining a grid value corresponding to the intermediate point: superposing the middle point (vector point element) of the line segment with the grid data to obtain the value of the grid corresponding to each vector point element, and assigning the value to the vector point element, wherein the information is stored as a value attribute field of the vector point element, as shown in a schematic diagram 4;
step S4, obtaining a grid value corresponding to the line segment: associating the middle points (vector point elements) of the line segments with the corresponding line segments (vector line elements) according to the identification codes, assigning the numerical attribute fields of the vector point elements to the vector line elements according to the one-to-one correspondence principle of the identification codes, and storing the numerical attribute fields as the numerical attribute fields of the vector line elements, as shown in a schematic diagram 5;
step S5, color-imparting display of vector lines: and giving different colors to vector lines according to the numerical value of the numerical value attribute field of each vector line element to display information, so as to realize information expression.
Description of the embodiments
Taking Nanjing subway No. 1 line as an example, the implementation process of the invention is described. And (3) assigning elevation information of 30m multiplied by 30m resolution DEM (digital elevation model) raster data of Nanjing city to Nanjing subway No. 1 line vector lines to realize information expression of subway land elevation, wherein an original data effect diagram is shown in an upper left corner schematic diagram of FIG. 6. According to the implementation steps of the invention, the elevation information of the land surface of the No. 1 line of the subway shown in the graph is shown as fig. 6, and the displayed elevation information is smooth and natural, and the lines of the image are still coherent and flawless under any zoom condition.
With the above-described preferred embodiments according to the present invention as an illustration, the above-described descriptions can be used by persons skilled in the relevant art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the description, but must be determined according to the scope of claims.
Claims (4)
1. An information expression method of a grid information accurate assignment vector line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, dividing a linear element vector line stored in a vector data form according to rules to obtain a plurality of vector line segments, and endowing each vector line segment with a unique line segment identification code;
step S2, obtaining the middle point of each vector line segment, reserving line segment identification code information corresponding to the line segment by the middle point of each line segment, and storing the line segment identification code information as an identification code attribute field of a vector point element;
step S3, obtaining a grid value corresponding to the intermediate point,
superposing the vector point elements and the grid data to obtain the numerical value of the grid corresponding to each vector point element, and assigning the numerical value to the vector point elements, wherein the information is stored as a numerical value attribute field of the vector point elements;
step S4, associating the line segment intermediate points with the corresponding line segments according to the line segment identification codes, assigning the numerical attribute fields of the vector point elements to the vector line elements, and storing the numerical attribute fields of the vector line elements;
step S5, the vector lines are used for color display,
and giving different colors to vector lines according to the numerical value of the numerical value attribute field of each vector line element to display information, so as to realize information expression.
2. The information expressing method of the grid information accurate assignment vector line according to claim 1, wherein: the raster data and the vector data are geographic information data; the vector line of the linear elements is a linear element vector line of a road, a river or a pipe network line.
3. The information expressing method of the grid information accurate assignment vector line according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the rule of vector line segmentation is uniform segmentation.
4. The information expressing method of the grid information accurate assignment vector line according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the relationship between the length of each line segment after the line element vector line is divided and the raster data resolution is as follows: when the raster data resolution is 30m×30m, the line segment length is 30-45 m; when the raster data resolution is 1000m×1000m, the line segment length is 1000-1500 m.
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