CN117393212A - 一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117393212A CN117393212A CN202311538969.XA CN202311538969A CN117393212A CN 117393212 A CN117393212 A CN 117393212A CN 202311538969 A CN202311538969 A CN 202311538969A CN 117393212 A CN117393212 A CN 117393212A
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本申请涉及电缆领域,尤其是涉及一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆及其制备方法。其中,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆包括线芯、包带层、填充层、镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层、玻璃丝带层、包带层及护套层;护套层包括有机膨润土、润滑剂、抗辐射剂、抗氧化剂、乙烯‑醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、硅橡胶及无卤低烟辐照交联聚烯烃。护套层中的有机膨润土提升了抗辐射剂及抗氧剂在乙烯‑醋酸乙烯酯共聚物及无卤低烟辐照交联聚烯烃中的分散性及相容性,且抑制了润滑剂的迁移速度,提升了润滑剂的防护周期;采用抗辐射剂、润滑剂、抗氧剂、有机膨润土及硅橡胶配伍使用,提升了耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层的常规拉伸性能、耐热老化性能、耐辐射性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及电缆领域,尤其是涉及一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆及其制备方法。
背景技术
现有常规的同轴电缆有一根线芯,线芯的内部有导体,该导体的外部有绝缘层;线芯的外部有包带,该包带外面有玻璃丝带层,最外面有护套层;目前绝缘层及护套层多用热塑性材料制作。现有电缆虽然结构简单,然而其热寿命和/或耐辐射的性能较差,电缆的护套层容易开裂,造成电缆的使用寿命较短。
发明内容
本申请解决现有的电缆不能同时满足耐辐射及耐高温氧化的问题,本申请提供一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆及其制备方法。
第一方面,本申请提供一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆。
一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,包括线芯、包带层、填充层、镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层、玻璃丝带层、包带层及护套层;所述线芯包括导体、包带层及绝缘层,所述包带层设置于导体的外部,所述绝缘层设置于包带层的外部;所述包带层、填充层、镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层、玻璃丝带层、包带层及护套层层,由内到外,依次设置于线芯的外部;
所述填充层包括ABS塑料;所述护套层,以质量份计,包括5-10份的有机膨润土、3-8份的润滑剂、5-8份的抗辐射剂、5-10份的抗氧化剂、30-60份的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、5-8份的硅橡胶及10-15份的无卤低烟辐照交联聚烯烃;
所述抗辐射剂为硫酸铅、碳化硼、氮化硼、6-苄氨基嘌呤铜中至少一种;所述润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡或微晶石蜡。
通过采用上述技术方案,护套层中采用抗辐射剂、润滑剂、抗氧剂、有机膨润土及硅橡胶配伍使用,提升了耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层的常规拉伸性能、耐热老化性能、耐辐射性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
有机膨润土提升了抗辐射剂及抗氧剂在乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物及无卤低烟辐照交联聚烯烃中的分散性;且有机膨润土与乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物及无卤低烟辐照交联聚烯烃有较好的相容性,与抗辐射剂及抗氧剂之间有较好的作用力,进而使得耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的防护层具有较好的常规拉伸性能、耐热老化性能、耐辐射性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
润滑剂及硅橡胶可以进一步提升护套料中原料的分散性能,并且分子量相对较小的润滑剂,在耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的使用过程中会迁移到护套层的表面,形成具有防水、隔氧性能的防护膜;具有较好吸附性能的有机膨润土与润滑剂配伍使用,有机膨润土抑制了润滑剂的迁移速度,对润滑剂起缓释作用,使得润滑剂可以更长久的在护套层的表面形成防护膜,进而使得耐高温防辐射同轴电缆具有较好的耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
优选的,所述护套层还包括1-6质量份的介孔二氧化硅及3-5质量份的聚二甲基硅氧烷。
通过采用上述技术方案,在护套层中采用介孔二氧化硅、聚二甲基硅氧烷及有机膨润土与润滑剂配伍使用,分子量相对较小的聚二甲基硅氧烷,在耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的使用过程中会迁移到护套层的表面,提升了润滑剂形成防护膜的疏水及隔氧性能;有机膨润土和/或介孔二氧化硅抑制了聚二甲基硅氧烷的迁移速度,进而提升了耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
优选的,所述护套层还包括3-5质量份的PE接枝马来酸酐。
通过采用上述技术方案,采用极性较大的PE接枝马来酸酐改性乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,提升了含有介孔二氧化硅、有机膨润土、抗辐射剂及抗氧化剂与乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物形成混合物之间的相容性,进而提升了耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层的常规拉伸性能、耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
优选的,所述护套层还包括1-3质量份的端羟基聚丁二烯。
通过采用上述技术方案,采用极性较大的端羟基聚丁二烯,提升了含有介孔二氧化硅、有机膨润土、抗辐射剂及抗氧化剂与乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物形成混合物之间的相容性,进而提升了耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层的常规拉伸性能、耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
优选的,所述抗辐射剂为质量比为1:(0.5-1)的氮化硼及6-苄氨基嘌呤铜的组合物。
通过采用上述技术方案,优选抗辐射剂的种类及重量,提升抗辐射剂与有机膨润土、硅橡胶、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物及无卤低烟辐照交联聚烯烃之间的配伍效果,使得抗辐射剂有更好的分散性能,进而提升了耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层的常规拉伸性能、耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
优选的,所述抗氧化剂为抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂DLTP中的一种或几种。
通过采用上述技术方案,抗氧化剂提升耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层的耐热老化性能。
优选的,所述绝缘层由无卤低烟辐照交联聚乙烯挤包而成。
通过采用上述技术方案,使得耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层具有较好的常规拉伸性能、耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
优选的,所述填充层还包括介孔二氧化硅及烯丙基聚氧乙烯甲基封端聚醚,所述ABS塑料、介孔二氧化硅及烯丙基聚氧乙烯甲基封端聚醚的质量比为1:0.4:(0.5-0.6)。
通过采用上述技术方案,ABS塑料有优良的力学性能,其冲击强度极好,高耐热、阻燃特性;烯丙基聚氧乙烯甲基封端聚醚及介孔二氧化硅与ABS塑料配伍使用,进一步提升耐冲击性能及阻燃性能,同时提升了填充层的隔热性能,较好的隔绝了热量,减少冲击就热对线芯的影响,延长线芯的使用寿命;以及在火灾中,与聚酰亚胺薄膜带配伍,较好的延长线芯的正常工作的时间,为抢险工作或人员撤离争取更多时间。
优选的,所述包带为聚酰亚胺薄膜带,所述包带层由聚酰亚胺薄膜带绕包而成。
通过采用上述技术方案,聚酰亚胺薄膜是一种具有稳定的物化、电学及力学性质的材料,具有耐热性、耐辐射、高强度、低介电损耗、低热膨胀、冷热收缩应力小和阻燃性能优良的电气性能,绕包于线芯对线芯进行防护,及提升耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的稳定性,使得耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层具有较好的常规拉伸性能、耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
另一方面,本申请提供一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的制备方法。
一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的制备方法,包括如下制备步骤:
导体绞合-导体绕包-绝缘层挤包-绝缘层辐照交联处理-线芯成缆-填充层挤包-镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层绕包-玻璃丝带层绕包-包带绕包-护套层挤包-护套层辐照交联处理;
所述护套层由护套料经密炼、挤出后形成护套层;所述密炼的开始温度为50-60℃,密炼时间10-20min,转速为40-60rpm/min:所述护套层的挤出温度为150-190℃。
通过采用上述技术方案,玻璃丝带层、镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层绕包、包带层及填充层相互配伍,较好的对线芯进行防护,使得制备得到具有较好的常规拉伸性能、阻燃、隔热、耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能的护套层的耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,该耐高温防辐射同轴电缆不容易开裂,具有较长的使用寿命。
综上所述,本申请具有如下有益效果:
1、一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆包括线芯、包带层、填充层、镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层、玻璃丝带层、包带层及护套层;护套层包括有机膨润土、润滑剂、抗辐射剂、抗氧化剂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、硅橡胶及无卤低烟辐照交联聚烯烃。护套层中的有机膨润土提升了抗辐射剂及抗氧剂在乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物及无卤低烟辐照交联聚烯烃中的分散性及相容性,且抑制了润滑剂的迁移速度,提升了润滑剂的防护周期;采用抗辐射剂、润滑剂、抗氧剂、有机膨润土及硅橡胶配伍使用,提升了耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层的常规拉伸性能、耐热老化性能、耐辐射性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
2、在护套层中采用介孔二氧化硅、聚二甲基硅氧烷及有机膨润土与润滑剂配伍使用,分子量相对较小的聚二甲基硅氧烷,在耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的使用过程中会迁移到护套层的表面,提升了润滑剂形成防护膜的疏水及隔氧性能;有机膨润土和/或介孔二氧化硅抑制了聚二甲基硅氧烷的迁移速度,进而提升了耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层的耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
3、在护套层中采用极性较大的端羟基聚丁二烯及PE接枝马来酸酐改性乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,提升了介孔二氧化硅、有机膨润土、抗辐射剂及抗氧化剂与端羟基聚丁二烯、PE接枝马来酸酐及乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物形成混合物之间的相容性及作用力,进而提升了耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层的常规拉伸性能、耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
具体实施方式
原料
PE接枝马来酸酐(马来酸酐接枝率为0.5-2.5%)、无卤低烟辐照交联聚烯烃(密度:1.41g/cm3、电导率:0.4μs/mm)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(熔融指数为0.5-2g/10min,醋酸乙烯含量为40-60%)、端羟基聚丁二烯(羟值0.47-0.53mmol/g,数均分子量38000-46000)、ABS塑料(23℃比重:1.2g/cm3、热变形温度:82℃(0.45Mpa、GB/T1634))、有机膨润土(平均粒度15μm)、膨润土(平均粒度15μm)、聚二甲基硅氧烷(25℃运动粘度:100±8mm2/s)、硅橡胶(稠度:10.4±0.3、硬度(邵A):60±5、介电常数(50Hz)GB/T1693-2007:4.0)、介孔二氧化硅(平均粒径:400nm、平均孔径:8nm、比表面积:511m2/g)、微晶石蜡(分子量为250-450)、聚乙烯蜡(平均分子量为2000-3000)。
实施例
实施例1,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,采用原料如表1,制备过程如下:
可以根据柔软度要求、选择导体的直径,本实施例中的导体采用1根直径2.17mm±0.013mm的裸铜,导体的电阻符合GB/T 3956-2008的规定。
导体绕包:采用聚酰亚胺薄膜带对导体进行绕包,绕包搭盖率不小于50%,本实施例中采用绕包搭盖率为60%。
绝缘层挤包:将绝缘层的原料(无卤低烟辐照交联聚乙烯)经螺杆挤出机将绝缘层挤出与导体绕包后的导体进行复合,形成线芯;然后采用分段式冷却,第一段冷却水温度65±5℃,第二段冷却水温度为常温。
绝缘层辐照交联处理:将绝缘层进行辐照交联处理,辐照剂量为15±5MRad,绝缘层的厚度为1.2mm。
聚酰亚胺薄膜带绕包于导体的外部,聚酰亚胺薄膜是一种具有稳定的物化、电学及力学性质的材料,具有耐热性、耐辐射、高强度、低介电损耗、低热膨胀、冷热收缩应力小和阻燃性能优良的电气性能,绕包于线芯对线芯进行进一步防护。
填充层挤包:采用含有介孔二氧化硅、烯丙基聚氧乙烯甲基封端聚醚及ABS塑料的混合物,挤包于聚酰亚胺薄膜带的外部,形成填充层。
ABS塑料有优良的力学性能,其冲击强度极好,高耐热、阻燃特性;烯丙基聚氧乙烯甲基封端聚醚及介孔二氧化硅与ABS塑料配伍使用,进一步提升耐冲击性能及阻燃性能,同时提升了填充层的隔热性能,较好的隔绝了热量,减少冲击就热对线芯的影响,延长线芯的使用寿命;以及在火灾中,与聚酰亚胺薄膜带配伍,较好的延长线芯的正常工作的时间,为抢险工作或人员撤离争取更多时间。
镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层绕包:采用镀锡铜丝编织层,镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层具有导热系数低、抗热震和优良的绝缘性能,使用寿命长,具有良好的低温和高温强度、隔热保温性能,提升电缆使用时的安全性。
玻璃丝带层绕包:采用玻璃丝带绕包于镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层的外部,形成玻璃丝带层,玻璃丝带层起隔热、绝缘、防腐作用。
包带绕包:聚酰亚胺薄膜带绕包于玻璃丝带的外部,包带搭盖率为60%,通过包带绕包使得玻璃丝带层与镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层更好的围绕在线芯的外部,并且使得玻璃丝带层与镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层产生更好的力学协同效果;同时,聚酰亚胺薄膜的耐热性、耐辐射、高强度、低介电损耗的特性,协同玻璃丝带层与镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层绕包于线芯的外部,进一步提升了电缆的耐辐射、耐高温氧化及耐水性能。
护套层挤包:将护套料经密炼机密炼后,再经螺杆挤出机挤出,与玻璃丝带层进行复合,形成护套层。
护套层挤出后采用分段式冷却,第一段冷却水温度65±5℃,第二段冷却水温度为常温,护套层的厚度为2.2mm。
护套层辐照交联处理;将护套层进行辐照交联处理,辐照剂量为15±5MRad,提升护套层的耐辐射老化、耐热老化、耐水等性能。
本申请中的填充层的用量、包带搭盖率、镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层的厚度、玻璃丝带层的厚度、护套层的厚度、绝缘层的厚度及导体的规格可根据实际的需求调整。
实施例2-3,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,护套层及填充层中采用的原料及制备工艺不同,采用的原料具体如表1,采用的制备工艺表2。
表1、实施例1-3的耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层及填充层中采用原料的设置列表
表2、实施例1-3的耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层的制备工艺的设置列表
实施例4,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,护套层中不采用介孔二氧化硅。
实施例5,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,护套层中不采用聚二甲基硅氧烷。
实施例6,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,护套层中不采用介孔二氧化硅及聚二甲基硅氧烷。
实施例7,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,护套层中端羟基聚丁二烯采用0.5kg、PE接枝马来酸酐采用2kg、聚二甲基硅氧烷采用6kg、介孔二氧化硅采用7kg。
实施例8,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,护套层中端羟基聚丁二烯采用4kg、PE接枝马来酸酐采用6kg、聚二甲基硅氧烷采用2kg、介孔二氧化硅采用0.5kg。
实施例9,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,护套层中不采用端羟基聚丁二烯、PE接枝马来酸酐及聚二甲基硅氧烷。
实施例10,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,护套层中不采用端羟基聚丁二烯。
实施例11,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,护套层中不采用PE接枝马来酸酐。
实施例12,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,护套层中不采用端羟基聚丁二烯及PE接枝马来酸酐。
实施例13,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,护套层中不采用端羟基聚丁二烯、PE接枝马来酸酐、介孔二氧化硅及聚二甲基硅氧烷。
实施例14,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,护套层中抗辐射剂采用质量比为1:0.5的氮化硼及6-苄氨基嘌呤铜的组合物。
实施例15,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,护套层中抗辐射剂采用质量比为1:1的氮化硼及6-苄氨基嘌呤铜的组合物。
实施例16,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,护套层中抗辐射剂采用质量比为1:1.5的氮化硼及6-苄氨基嘌呤铜的组合物。
实施例17,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例1的区别在于,护套层中抗辐射剂采用质量比为1.5:0.5的氮化硼及6-苄氨基嘌呤铜的组合物。
实施例18,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例10的区别在于,填充层的原料只采用ABS塑料。
对比例
对比例1,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例13的区别在于,不采用有机膨润土。
对比例2,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例13的区别在于,不采用硅橡胶。
对比例3,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例13的区别在于,不采用有机膨润土及硅橡胶。
对比例4,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例14的区别在于,不采用有机膨润土及硅橡胶。
对比例5,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例13的区别在于,采用聚丙烯酰胺等量取代微晶石蜡;采用曲酸等量取代氮化硼;采用膨润土等量取代有机膨润土。
对比例6,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例13的区别在于,不采用微晶石蜡及抗氧剂1076。
对比例7,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例13的区别在于,不采用氮化硼及抗氧剂1076。
对比例8,一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,与实施例13的区别在于,不采用氮化硼、微晶石蜡、抗氧剂1076、有机膨润土及硅橡胶。
性能检测试验
试验1:常规拉伸性能
根据GB/T1040.2-2022对试验样品进行断裂伸长率进行测试,采用1A试样,试验速度50mm/min。
试验2:耐热老化性能
将试验样品放置在老化烘箱中,在135℃的条件下放置10d后,根据GB/T1040.2-2022对试验样品测试老化后的拉伸性能,采用1A试样,试验速度50mm/min。
抗张强度变化率为热老化试验前后抗张强度的变化量与热老化实验前抗张强度的比值。
伸长率变化率为热老化试验前后伸长率的变化量与热老化实验前伸长率的比值。
试验3:耐辐射性能
根据IEC60811-4-2-2004测试经60Co-γ射线(辐射累计计量250kGy,剂量率应不大于10kGy/h)辐照后的试验样品,然后根据试验1的试验方法,测试护套层的拉伸性能。
抗张强度保持率为辐射试验后的抗张强度与辐射试验前的抗张强度的比值。
伸长率保持率为辐射试验后的伸长率与辐射试验前的伸长率的比值。
试验4:导电率
根据GB/T 17650.2-2021测试试验样品的导电率。
试验5:吸水性能
根据GB/T 2951.13-2008中9.2的重量吸水试验,测试试验样品的吸水性能,将试验样品置于70±2℃的水中,放置24h后,计算试验前后试验样品的吸水量,单位mg/cm2。
试验6:60年寿命评定
按照CB/T 22577-2008对试验样品的60年寿命进行评定。
试验样品:将制备实施例1-18耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层的护套料,按照GB/T1040.2-2022中1A试样要求制样后,采用辐照剂量为15±5MRad的辐照交联处理后,制备得到实施例样品;将制备对比例1-8的护套层的护套料,按照GB/T1040.2-2022中1A试样要求制样后,采用辐照剂量为15±5MRad的辐照交联处理后,制备得到对比例样品。
试验结果:实施例1-18及对比例1-8的试验样品的常规拉伸性能、热老化性能、耐辐射性能、绝缘性能、抗吸水性能及60年寿命评定的试验结果,参考表3。
表3、实施例1-18及对比例1-8的试验样品的常规拉伸性能、热老化性能、耐辐射性能、绝缘性能、抗吸水性能及60年寿命评定的结果列表
结合实施例1-18和对比例1-8并结合表3可以看出,
实施例1-18的耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层的常规拉伸性能、耐热老化性能、耐辐射性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能优于对比例1-8,表明在护套层的护套料中采用抗辐射剂、润滑剂(微晶石蜡或聚乙烯蜡)、抗氧剂、有机膨润土及硅橡胶配伍使用,提升了耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的护套层的常规拉伸性能、耐热老化性能、耐辐射性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
究其原因可能在于:有机膨润土提升了抗辐射剂及抗氧剂在乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物及无卤低烟辐照交联聚烯烃中的分散性;且有机膨润土与乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物及无卤低烟辐照交联聚烯烃有较好的相容性,与抗辐射剂及抗氧剂之间有较好的作用力,进而使得耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的防护层具有较好的常规拉伸性能、耐热老化性能、耐辐射性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
润滑剂及硅橡胶可以进一步提升护套料中原料的分散性能,并且分子量相对较小的润滑剂,在耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的使用过程中会迁移到护套层的表面,形成具有防水、隔氧性能的防护膜;具有较好吸附性能的有机膨润土与润滑剂配伍使用,有机膨润土抑制了润滑剂的迁移速度,对润滑剂起缓释作用,使得润滑剂可以更长久的在护套层的表面形成防护膜,进而使得耐高温防辐射同轴电缆具有较好的耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
实施例13-14及对比例3-4的试验结果表明:抗辐射剂采用质量比为1:0.5的氮化硼及6-苄氨基嘌呤铜的组合物时与有机膨润土及硅橡胶有较好的配伍效果,进一步提升了耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的耐辐射性能;可能因为质量比为1:0.5的氮化硼及6-苄氨基嘌呤铜的组合物与有机膨润土及硅橡胶配伍使用,有更好的分散性能。
相对于实施例13,对比例5的护套层的护套料的常规拉伸性能、耐热老化性能、耐辐射性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能较差,可能因为相对于有机膨润土,膨润土与乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物及无卤低烟辐照交联聚烯烃的相容性较差,且丙烯酰胺的绝缘性能及耐水性能比微晶石蜡差;曲酸的绝缘性能及耐水性能比氮化硼差,膨润土、曲酸及丙烯酰胺与护套料中国其他原料的配伍效果较差,使得耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能较差。
实施例1-3的护套层的护套料的耐热老化性能、耐辐射性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能优于实施例4-6,表明在护套层的护套料中介孔二氧化硅、聚二甲基硅氧烷及有机膨润土与润滑剂配伍使用,提升了耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
究其原因可能在于:护套料中添加介孔二氧化硅,介孔二氧化硅提升了护套料的耐热、阻燃性能及绝缘性能;以及聚二甲基硅氧烷可以提升介孔二氧化硅的分散性,进一步,分子量相对较小的润滑剂及聚二甲基硅氧烷,在耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的使用过程中会迁移到护套层的表面,形成具有防水、隔氧性能的防护膜。
具有较好吸附性能的介孔二氧化硅与有机膨润土与润滑剂和/或聚二甲基硅氧烷配伍使用,有机膨润土和/或介孔二氧化硅抑制了润滑剂和/或聚二甲基硅氧烷的迁移速度,使得润滑剂和/或聚二甲基硅氧烷可以更长久的在护套层的表面形成防护膜,同时改善在乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物中添加了极性较大的端羟基聚丁二烯及PE接枝马来酸酐改性引起的导电率及吸水量增加,进而使得耐高温防辐射同轴电缆具有较好的耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
实施例1-3的护套层的护套料的热老化性能、耐辐射性能优于实施例7-13,表明在护套层的护套料中采用1-3质量份的端羟基聚丁二烯、3-5质量份的PE接枝马来酸酐、1-6质量份的介孔二氧化硅及3-5质量份的聚二甲基硅氧烷配伍使用,具有较好的配伍效果,提升了耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的耐热老化性能及耐辐射性能。
实施例1-3的护套层的护套料的常规拉伸性能、热老化性能、耐辐射性能、导电率及吸水性能优于实施例7-8,表明在护套层的护套料中采用1-3质量份的端羟基聚丁二烯、3-5质量份的PE接枝马来酸酐、1-6质量份的介孔二氧化硅及3-5质量份的聚二甲基硅氧烷配伍使用,具有较好的配伍效果,提升了耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
究其原因可能在于:在护套层的护套料中,添加了介孔二氧化硅后,介孔二氧化硅与护套料中的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物相容性不好,会形成应力集中及结晶度下降,使得护套料的抗拉强度及抗吸水性能降低,介孔二氧化硅在乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物及无卤低烟辐照交联聚烯烃中有一定的润滑性,使得护套料的伸长率提升(参考实施例9);在护套料中采用极性较大的端羟基聚丁二烯及PE接枝马来酸酐改性乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,使得护套料的绝缘性能及耐水性上升及断裂伸长率下降(参考实施例4);采用极性较大的端羟基聚丁二烯及PE接枝马来酸酐改性乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,提升了介孔二氧化硅、有机膨润土、抗辐射剂及抗氧化剂与端羟基聚丁二烯、PE接枝马来酸酐及乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物形成混合物之间的相容性及作用力,减弱了介孔二氧化硅对乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的润滑效果;进而提升了护套层的护套料的常规拉伸性能、耐热老化性能、绝缘性能及抗吸水性能。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释,其并不是对本申请的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (10)
1.一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,其特征在于,包括线芯、包带层、填充层、镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层、玻璃丝带层、包带层及护套层;所述线芯包括导体、包带层及绝缘层,所述包带层设置于导体的外部,所述绝缘层设置于包带层的外部;所述包带层、填充层、镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层、玻璃丝带层、包带层及护套层层,由内到外,依次设置于线芯的外部;
所述填充层包括ABS塑料;所述护套层,以质量份计,包括5-8份的有机膨润土、3-8份的润滑剂、5-8份的抗辐射剂、5-10份的抗氧化剂、30-60份的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、5-8份的硅橡胶及10-15份的无卤低烟辐照交联聚烯烃;
所述抗辐射剂为硫酸铅、碳化硼、氮化硼、6-苄氨基嘌呤铜中至少一种;所述润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡或微晶石蜡。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,其特征在于,所述护套层还包括1-6质量份的介孔二氧化硅及3-5质量份的聚二甲基硅氧烷。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,其特征在于,所述护套层还包括3-5质量份的PE接枝马来酸酐。
4.根据权利要求2所述一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,其特征在于,所述护套层还包括1-3质量份的端羟基聚丁二烯。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,其特征在于,所述抗辐射剂为质量比为1:(0.5-1)的氮化硼及6-苄氨基嘌呤铜的组合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,其特征在于,所述抗氧化剂为抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂DLTP中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,其特征在于,所述绝缘层由无卤低烟辐照交联聚乙烯挤包而成。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,其特征在于,所述填充层还包括介孔二氧化硅及烯丙基聚氧乙烯甲基封端聚醚,所述ABS塑料、介孔二氧化硅及烯丙基聚氧乙烯甲基封端聚醚的质量比为1:0.4:(0.5-0.6)。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆,其特征在于,所述包带为聚酰亚胺薄膜带,所述包带层由聚酰亚胺薄膜带绕包而成。
10.权利要求1-9任一项所述一种耐高温防辐射同轴电缆的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下制备步骤:
导体绞合-导体绕包-绝缘层挤包-绝缘层辐照交联处理-线芯成缆-填充层挤包-镀锡铜丝编织屏蔽层绕包-玻璃丝带层绕包-包带绕包-护套层挤包-护套层辐照交联处理;
所述护套层由护套料经密炼、挤出后形成护套层;所述密炼的开始温度为50-60℃,密炼时间10-20min,转速为40-60rpm/min:所述护套层的挤出温度为150-190℃。
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