CN117386742A - Damping device for rotating shaft - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of anti-reversion devices of manual lifting oil extraction screw pumps, and particularly discloses a damping device for a rotating shaft. The device is through the optimal design of structure, utilizes the effect of centrifugal force to exert damping effect to the axis of rotation when realizing reversing, and the purpose is to provide a simple structure reliably, reversing the reversing brake device that the torque can slowly release.

Description

Damping device for rotating shaft

Technical Field

The invention belongs to a damping device for a rotating shaft, in particular to a mechanical device for controlling the rotating speed of the rotating shaft by activating a damping mechanism to act through rotation of the rotating shaft, and particularly relates to the technical field of anti-reversion devices of manually lifting oil extraction screw pumps, which are used for controlling the reversion speed of ground equipment.

Background

In the oil extraction system of the single screw oil pump, a ground driving device transmits driving torque to a downhole screw pump through a sucker rod string to convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. The sucker rod with the length of kilometers can generate torsional deformation in the process of transmitting torque, store elastic potential energy, and store a large amount of fluid potential energy due to the liquid level difference in oil and a sleeve. When the ground drive is shut down for reasons, the energy stored in the drive system will seek to be released. Without the anti-reverse brake, the back flow of fluid in the tubing would turn a non-self locking screw pump into a fluid driven screw motor, causing the inversion of the sucker rod string, and the release of torsional elastic energy stored in the string would also cause the inversion of the sucker rod string. The release of energy causes a reverse rotation of the ground drive transmission.

The reverse rotation of the screw pump oil recovery system is very dangerous. Centrifugal force during high-speed rotation can damage mechanical parts of the ground driving device and even cause casualties of personnel. Inversion of the downhole sucker rod string can cause tripping of the tubing string. Meanwhile, the rebound force of the sucker rod can be like a single pendulum, after the potential energy of the sucker rod and the potential energy of the pipe column fluid are all converted into kinetic energy, the reverse rotation is continued, the kinetic energy is converted into torque again, and the tripping of the sucker rod is caused.

When the screw pump ground driving device needs maintenance operation and the underground pump is overhauled, the potential energy of the transmission rod also needs to be released for hoisting safety. The ground drive must therefore be provided with anti-reverse means (reverse damping means).

The conventional reverse braking devices of driving devices can be largely classified into mechanical braking, hydraulic braking and electric braking. Common mechanical brakes include overrunning clutch brakes, ratchet and pawl brakes, centrifugal brakes and the like.

The structure of the overrunning clutch brake is that the inner ring of the overrunning clutch is connected with the transmission shaft of the driving device, the outer ring of the overrunning clutch is tightly held with the brake component, and the inner ring of the overrunning clutch and the transmission shaft rotate together under the normal production condition. When the machine stops and rotates reversely, the inner ring of the overrunning clutch is connected with the outer ring, and the outer ring is braked under the action of the holding force of the brake assembly. The device has a simple and compact structure, but the temperature of the overrunning clutch can be raised due to the reverse friction force, and the lubricating grease in the overrunning clutch is deteriorated and cannot continuously work for a long time.

The main components of the ratchet and pawl braking device comprise a ratchet wheel and a pawl, wherein the ratchet wheel is generally fixed on the driving device body and the pawl is arranged on the input shaft and rotates along with the input shaft. Under normal production conditions, the pawl does not engage the ratchet teeth and when shut down, the input shaft is reversed, the pawl engages the ratchet, limiting the reversal of the post. The system has simple structure and low cost, but the continuous friction contact in the operation of the ratchet and the pawl can generate noise and abrasion, and the reverse torque can not be automatically released.

The centrifugal braking device drives the braking component to be in friction contact with the braking connection shell by utilizing centrifugal force to realize braking. The reverse damping device disclosed in the patent document (Chinese patent publication No. CN 2030335395U) adopts an S-shaped brake actuating mechanism to be connected with a rotating shaft, and two semicircular brake parts are folded together through springs and bolts. The brake component is internally provided with an S-shaped groove. Under normal production conditions, the S-shaped brake actuating mechanism and the S-shaped grooves in the two semicircular brake parts are matched to form an integrated structure, and rotate along with the rotating shaft. When the machine is stopped, the rotating shaft rotates reversely, the S-shaped brake actuating mechanism is separated from S-shaped grooves in the two semicircular brake parts, the brake parts are outwards expanded under the action of centrifugal force, and meanwhile, the S-shaped brake actuating mechanism also outwards expands the brake parts until the S-shaped brake actuating mechanism is in friction contact with the inner surface of the brake connecting shell, so that a braking function is realized. The main problem of the structure is that the S-shaped brake actuating mechanism is not easy to separate from the S-shaped groove in the brake part during the reverse rotation, and the situation that the brake is not braked during the reverse rotation can occur.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention discloses a reversing damping device, which essentially is a centrifugal braking device, and is characterized in that the effect of damping on a rotating shaft during reversing is realized by utilizing the action of centrifugal force through the optimized design of a structure, so that the reversing damping device is simple and reliable in structure, and reversing torque can be slowly released.

The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a be used for axis of rotation damping device, includes the carousel subassembly, the carousel subassembly is used for connecting the axis of rotation, be provided with radial direction spout on the carousel subassembly surface, sliding connection has brake subassembly on the direction spout, brake subassembly outer lane is connected with the connection casing that can brake rather than friction, have mutual sliding connection drive key and spacing groove between brake subassembly and the carousel subassembly, be connected with first elasticity compact heap between brake subassembly and the carousel subassembly, drive key and spacing groove are used for the drive brake subassembly slides on the direction spout, first elasticity compact heap is used for brake subassembly with each other support tightly when connecting the casing friction.

In a further scheme, an auxiliary return assembly is arranged on the connecting shell and used for separating the abutting between the brake assembly and the connecting shell.

In a further scheme, supplementary return subassembly includes direction body, installation cover and second elasticity compress tightly the piece, the installation cover is connected on connecting the casing, be provided with the guiding hole in the installation cover, direction body sliding connection is in the guiding hole, the direction body is close to the inboard one end protrusion guiding hole setting of connecting the casing, and convex one end has and is used for brake subassembly with connect the guide surface of casing separation, the other end passes through the second elasticity compresses tightly the piece and presses in the guiding hole.

In a further scheme, the second elastic pressing piece comprises a spring and a limiting rod, the limiting rod is slidably connected in the guide hole, and the spring is connected between the limiting rod and the guide body.

In a further scheme, the carousel subassembly includes rim plate, upper cover, lower cover and a plurality of supporting shoe, the rim plate with axis of rotation coaxial coupling, the supporting shoe has the recess for the cover is established on the rim plate outer race, pass through between upper cover and the lower cover the supporting shoe is connected, and forms between upper cover, lower cover and the adjacent supporting shoe the direction spout.

In a further scheme, the brake assembly comprises a brake block and a brake band, wherein the brake block is provided with a groove and is used for being sleeved on the outer ring of the wheel disc, and the brake band is connected to the outside of the brake block and is used for friction braking with the inner ring of the connecting shell.

In a further scheme, the brake block is provided with the mounting groove far away from brake band one side, first elasticity compresses tightly the piece and includes the leaf spring, leaf spring elastic support is in between mounting groove and the carousel subassembly.

In a further scheme, the transmission key is arranged on the brake block, and the limiting groove is arranged on the wheel disc.

In a further scheme, the middle part of the plate spring is arc-shaped, the two ends of the arc-shaped are provided with feet, and the feet are matched with the brake block and used for movably limiting the arc-shaped middle part of the plate spring in the mounting groove.

In a further scheme, the transmission key comprises a pin, and the limiting groove comprises an arc waist groove.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention does not adopt the structure of ratchet, pawl or overrunning clutch, the brake component rotates together with the turntable component, the structure is simplified, the manufacturing cost is low, and the fault points are few.

The brake assembly and the turntable assembly have relative movement in the inward contraction and outward expansion processes, and have no relative rotation in the operation process of the driving device, so that the collision and the butt joint are less, and the operation noise and the abrasion are reduced.

The brake assembly expands outwards along the guide chute by utilizing the centrifugal force and the elastic action of the first elastic pressing piece, and the damping braking reliability is high. When the normal operation is restored, the brake assembly is retracted along the guide chute, and the auxiliary return assembly can apply tangential force to the brake block to assist the retraction of the brake block.

The plurality of brake blocks can be respectively arranged in the plurality of guide sliding grooves, and the guide sliding grooves play a role in radial guide on the brake blocks in the process of inward retraction and outward expansion of the brake blocks, so that the brake blocks can be retracted and released synchronously.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a damping device for a rotating shaft according to the present embodiment;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a turntable assembly according to the present embodiment;

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a guide chute according to the present embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first elastic pressing member according to the present embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a brake assembly according to the present embodiment;

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a brake assembly according to the present embodiment;

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of an auxiliary return assembly of the present embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the damping device for rotation shafts at different times in forward and reverse rotation in the present embodiment;

in the figure: 1. a connection housing; 2. a guide chute; 3. a turntable assembly; 301. a wheel disc; 302. an upper cover;

303. a lower cover; 304. a support block; 305. a limit groove; 4. a first elastic pressing member; 401. a leaf spring;

5. a brake assembly; 501. a brake block; 502. a transmission key; 503. a brake band; 504. a mounting groove; 6. an auxiliary return assembly; 601. a guide body; 602. a mounting sleeve; 61. a second elastic pressing member; 611. a spring; 612. and a limit rod.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1, a damping device for a rotating shaft comprises a rotating disc assembly 3, wherein the rotating disc assembly 3 is used for connecting the rotating shaft, a radial guide chute 2 is arranged on the surface of the rotating disc assembly 3, a brake assembly 5 is connected to the guide chute 2 in a sliding manner, a connecting shell 1 capable of being braked by friction with the brake assembly 5 is connected to the outer ring of the brake assembly 5, a transmission key 502 and a limit groove 305 are connected between the brake assembly 5 and the rotating disc assembly 3 in a sliding manner, a first elastic pressing piece 4 is connected between the brake assembly 5 and the rotating disc assembly 3, the transmission key 502 and the limit groove 305 are used for driving the brake assembly 5 to slide on the guide chute 2, and the first elastic pressing piece 4 is used for mutually propping up when the brake assembly 5 rubs with the connecting shell 1.

The working principle or the implementation mode is as follows: the rotary table assembly 3 is connected with a rotating shaft of the driving device, the rotary table assembly is driven to rotate through the rotating shaft, the guide sliding grooves 2 are formed in the upper surface and the lower surface of the rotary table assembly 3, the transmission key 502 and the limiting groove 305 are used for driving the brake assembly 5 to slide on the guide sliding grooves 2, the brake assembly 5 is driven to move towards the connecting shell 1, the first elastic pressing piece 4 applies an outward pushing force and a pressing force to the brake assembly 5, when the rotary table assembly is in operation, the brake assembly 5 is moved and retracted along the guide sliding grooves 2 by the rotary table assembly, and no friction torque exists between the brake assembly 5 and the inner surface of the connecting shell 1; or the brake component 5 is moved and expanded along the guide chute 2 by the centrifugal force of the turntable component 3 until the brake component 5 is in friction contact with the inner surface of the connecting shell 1, so that damping braking is realized.

According to the above working principle, some preferred embodiments or implementation structures are provided, as shown in fig. 1, an auxiliary return assembly 6 is provided on the connection housing 1, and the auxiliary return assembly 6 is used for separating the abutment between the brake assembly 5 and the connection housing 1.

The auxiliary return assembly 6 comprises a guide body 601, a mounting sleeve 602 and a second elastic pressing piece 61, wherein the mounting sleeve 602 is connected to the connecting shell 1, a guide hole is formed in the mounting sleeve 602, the guide body 601 is slidably connected in the guide hole, one end of the guide body 601, close to the inner side of the connecting shell 1, protrudes out of the guide hole, the protruding end is provided with a guide surface for separating the brake assembly 5 from the connecting shell 1, and the other end of the guide body 601 is pressed in the guide hole through the second elastic pressing piece 61.

It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the structure of the guide body 601 may not be limited to the form of a steel ball in the drawings, but may also have the form of a top block structure of a guide slope or a cambered surface. The mounting sleeve 602 may also be integrally formed directly with the connection housing or welded to a connection structure such as the connection housing.

As shown in fig. 7, the second elastic pressing member 61 includes a spring 611 and a stopper rod 612, the stopper rod 612 is slidably coupled in the guide hole, and the spring 611 is coupled between the stopper rod 612 and the guide body 601.

It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the second elastic pressing member may be not limited to the above-described structure, but may be a connection structure in which an elastic body is directly provided in the mounting sleeve to abut against the end of the guide body 601, or the like.

As shown in fig. 2, the turntable assembly 3 includes a wheel 301, an upper cover 302, a lower cover 303, and a plurality of supporting blocks 304, where the wheel 301 is coaxially connected with the rotating shaft, the supporting blocks 304 have grooves for being sleeved on the outer ring of the wheel 301, the upper cover 302 and the lower cover 303 are connected by the supporting blocks 304, and guide sliding grooves 2 are formed between the upper cover 302, the lower cover 303, and the adjacent supporting blocks 304.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the wheel 301, the upper cover 302, and the lower cover 303 in the turntable assembly 3 may be slightly changed according to the requirements, for example, the number of the supporting blocks 304 may be increased or decreased according to the requirements.

The brake assembly 5 shown in fig. 6 comprises a brake block 501 and a brake band 503, wherein the brake block 501 is provided with a groove for being sleeved on the outer ring of the wheel disc 301, and the brake band 503 is connected outside the brake block 501 and used for friction braking with the inner ring of the connecting shell 1.

Those skilled in the art should appreciate that the structural shapes of the brake block 501 and the brake band 503 may be more than one type of the shapes shown in the drawings, or may be a shape in which the outer ring of the brake block 501 is directly made into the brake band 503.

The transmission key 502 is disposed on the brake block 501, and the limit groove 305 is disposed on the wheel disc 301 as shown in fig. 2. Because the two are merely mating, one skilled in the art will recognize another mating arrangement, such as a drive key 502 on the wheel 301 and a limit slot 305 on the brake shoe 501.

As shown in fig. 6, a mounting groove 504 is provided on a side of the brake block 501 away from the brake band 503, and the first elastic pressing member 4 includes the plate spring 401 shown in fig. 4, and as shown in fig. 8, the plate spring 401 shown in fig. 4 is elastically supported between the mounting groove 504 and the turntable assembly 3 shown in fig. 5.

As shown in FIG. 4, the middle part of the plate spring 401 is arc-shaped, feet are arranged at two ends of the arc shape, and the feet are matched with the brake block and used for movably limiting the arc-shaped middle part of the plate spring 401 in the mounting groove 504 shown in FIG. 5.

The shape of the leaf spring 401 may be more than one shape in the drawing, such as a form in which the middle portion is folded more.

The drive key 502 includes a pin as shown in fig. 5, and the limit groove 305 includes an arcuate slot as shown in fig. 2.

The transmission key 502 may be in a rotation shaft form, and the limit groove 305 is not limited to an arc waist groove, for example, the arc waist groove may be slightly deformed into a slightly irregular groove in the drawing, so long as the brake assembly 5 can be driven to slide and retract.

Referring to fig. 1-8, the preferred implementation structure or principle in the implementation may be that the inner hole of the connection housing 1 is a friction surface of a brake block, and one end of the connection housing 1 may be closed or open for the shaft head to extend. The other end of the connection housing 1 is provided with a mounting flange or other type of connection structure, so that the connection housing 1 can be fixed at a desired location, such as a drive housing. The connecting shell 1 is provided with a hole on the outer circle, the hole is in a ladder shape, and one end of the hole is provided with a screw thread in a ladder shape, so that the connecting shell can be connected with external screw threads of an auxiliary return assembly and the like 6.

The turntable assembly 3 consists of a shaft mounting hole, a transmission key groove, a flange, a turntable 301 and a limiting groove 305. Limiting grooves 305 are uniformly distributed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the turntable assembly body, the positions of the limiting grooves 305 on the upper surface and the lower surface are the same, the axial projections are overlapped, the number of grooves is 2 times that of the brake blocks 501, the radial distance change trend of the limiting grooves 305 on the upper surface is related to the working rotation direction, if the rotating disc is braked in the forward direction and the reverse direction, the radial distance change trend of the limiting grooves 305 is gradually increased, otherwise, the rotating disc is opposite.

Each brake assembly 5 is composed of 1 brake block 501,2 pin type transmission keys 502,1 and a brake band 503, wherein the brake band is installed on the radial outer arc surface of the brake block 501 in a riveting mode, and the arc surface radian of the arc surface is the same as that of the inner friction surface of the connecting shell 1. The longitudinal width of the inner arc slot of the brake block is slightly larger than the thickness of the turntable assembly body by 1mm, the radian of the inner arc is matched with the radian of the outer circle of the wheel disc 301, and the brake block is not interfered with the outer circle of the turntable assembly body when being in the adduction limit position. The brake block is close to the inboard in the axial direction and has two pin formula transmission key mounting holes, and 2 pin formula transmission keys 502 are installed wherein, and 2 pin formula transmission keys insert in the spacing groove 305 of carousel subassembly 3 simultaneously, and the installation degree of depth of pin formula transmission key 502 can make the carousel be located brake block fluting middle part symmetry position just.

The upper cover 302, the supporting block 304 and the lower cover 303 form a guiding chute 2, the upper cover and the lower cover have the same size, a round hole is formed in the middle of the upper cover, the outer diameter of the upper cover is slightly larger than that of the flange of the turntable assembly 3, the outer diameter of the upper cover is smaller than the inner diameter of the friction surface inside the connecting shell 1, one end of the upper cover is provided with a flange, and the outer diameter of the flange is contacted with two feet of the plate spring 401. The flange end surfaces of the upper cover and the lower cover are installed oppositely, the four support blocks 304 uniformly distributed on the circumference are fixed in the middle of the flange end surfaces, 4 guide sliding grooves 2 are formed, four brake blocks 501 are arranged in the guide sliding grooves 2, the width of the guide sliding grooves 2 is slightly larger than that of the brake blocks 501, and the brake blocks 501 can be ensured to move radially along the chamber wall in the radial inward contraction and outward expansion processes.

The two bottom edges of the plate spring 401 are slightly tilted upwards by 1-2mm, and the plate spring 401 is arranged in the range of a cavity formed by the brake block 501, the guide chute 2 and the turntable assembly. The rounded end of each leaf spring 401 abuts against the rounded portion of the inner side of each brake pad 501 and the foot of the leaf spring 401 abuts against the outer diameter portion of the flange of the turntable assembly 3 to provide an outward supporting force for the brake pad 501.

The auxiliary return assembly 6 comprises a guide body 601, a mounting sleeve 602, a spring 611 and a limiting rod 612, wherein the limiting rod 612 comprises a pressing cap, a rod body and a retainer ring. The first hole inside the installation sleeve 602 is used for accommodating the spring 611 and the guide body 601, the rod body of the limit rod 612 is placed inside the second hole at the other end, and the connecting threads are arranged at the outer circle part near the first hole of the installation sleeve 602 and can be installed in the hole on the outer circle of the connecting shell 1. After installation, the guide body 601 protrudes out of the inner surface of the connecting shell 1, and can be recovered into the installation sleeve 602 when being extruded by external force, and the whole guide body 601 is preferably in a round steel ball structure.

When the forward rotation is not needed to brake by damping, the brake block 501 is in an adduction state, the brake block 501 is not contacted with the inner surface of the connecting shell 1, and no friction resistance exists. When the reverse rotation occurs, the brake block 501 expands outwards along the guide chute 2 under the action of centrifugal force and the supporting force of the plate spring 401, and the brake band 503 contacts with the inner surface of the connection housing 1 to generate friction resistance moment. If the outward expansion process of the brake block 501 is blocked, after the brake block 501 contacts with the guide body 601 of the auxiliary return assembly 6 connected to the connection housing 1, a tangential force can be applied to the brake block 501, and the auxiliary toggle brake block 501 moves outwards along the limit groove 305 to form outward expansion. When the forward rotation is to be restored, after the brake block 501 contacts with the guide body 601 of the auxiliary return assembly 6, a tangential force can be applied to the brake block 501, and the auxiliary toggle brake block 501 moves inwards along the limit groove 305 to form adduction.

It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like herein are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate in order to describe the embodiments of the present application described herein. In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings.

In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a be used for axis of rotation damping device, its characterized in that, including carousel subassembly (3), carousel subassembly (3) are used for connecting the axis of rotation, carousel subassembly (3) are provided with radial direction spout (2) on the surface, sliding connection has brake subassembly (5) on direction spout (2), brake subassembly (5) outer lane is connected with can rather than friction braking's connection casing (1), have mutual sliding connection drive key (502) and spacing groove (305) between brake subassembly (5) and carousel subassembly (3), be connected with first elasticity compact heap (4) between brake subassembly (5) and carousel subassembly (3), drive key (502) and spacing groove (305) are used for the drive brake subassembly (5) are in slide on direction spout (2), first elasticity compact heap (4) are used for each other when brake subassembly (5) with connection casing (1) friction.

2. A damping device for a rotating shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection housing (1) is provided with an auxiliary return assembly (6), the auxiliary return assembly (6) being adapted to separate the abutment between the brake assembly (5) and the connection housing (1).

3. A damping device for a rotating shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that the auxiliary return assembly (6) comprises a guide body (601), a mounting sleeve (602) and a second elastic pressing member (61), the mounting sleeve (602) is connected to the connecting housing (1), a guide hole is formed in the mounting sleeve (602), the guide body (601) is slidably connected in the guide hole, the guide body (601) is arranged close to the guide hole protruding from one end of the inner side of the connecting housing (1), and the protruding end is provided with a guide surface for separating the brake assembly (5) from the connecting housing (1), and the other end is pressed in the guide hole through the second elastic pressing member (61).

4. A damping device for a rotating shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that the second elastic pressing member (61) comprises a spring (611) and a stop lever (612), the stop lever (612) being slidably connected in the guide hole, the spring (611) being connected between the stop lever (612) and the guide body (601).

5. A damping device for a rotating shaft according to claim 1, wherein the turntable assembly (3) comprises a turntable (301), an upper cover (302), a lower cover (303) and a plurality of supporting blocks (304), the turntable (301) is coaxially connected with the rotating shaft, the supporting blocks (304) are provided with grooves for being sleeved on the outer ring of the turntable (301), the upper cover (302) and the lower cover (303) are connected through the supporting blocks (304), and the guide sliding groove (2) is formed among the upper cover (302), the lower cover (303) and the adjacent supporting blocks (304).

6. A damping device for a rotating shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that the brake assembly (5) comprises a brake block (501) and a brake band (503), the brake block (501) is provided with a groove for being sleeved on the outer ring of the wheel disc (301), and the brake band (503) is connected to the outside of the brake block (501) for friction braking with the inner ring of the connection housing (1).

7. A damping device for a rotating shaft according to claim 6, characterized in that the side of the brake block (501) remote from the brake band (503) is provided with a mounting groove (504), the first elastic pressing member (4) comprises a leaf spring (401), and the leaf spring (401) is elastically supported between the mounting groove (504) and the turntable assembly (3).

8. A damping device for a rotating shaft according to claim 6, characterized in that the transmission key (502) is arranged on the brake block (501) and the limit groove (305) is arranged on the wheel disc (301).

9. The damping device for a rotating shaft according to claim 7, wherein the middle part of the plate spring (401) is arc-shaped, feet are arranged at two ends of the arc shape, and the feet are matched with the brake block and used for movably limiting the arc-shaped middle part of the plate spring (401) in the mounting groove (504).

10. A damping device for a rotating shaft according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the drive key (502) comprises a pin and the limit groove (305) comprises an arc-shaped kidney groove.