CN117386380A - Reaming tunneling machine and reaming tunneling method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a reaming and tunneling machine and a reaming and tunneling method, wherein the reaming and tunneling machine comprises: a central upright; the cutter head is connected to the lower end of the central upright post, the cutter head is in driving connection with the driving system through a driving shaft, and the outer edge of the cutter head is detachably connected with at least one expanding and digging module; the shoe supporting system is arranged on the outer side of the central upright post, a propelling mechanism is connected between the shoe supporting system and the central upright post, and the shoe supporting system comprises a plurality of shoe supporting legs which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the central upright post and have adjustable radial sizes. The invention can solve the problem that the existing shaft heading machine cannot meet the variable section excavation requirement of the deep shaft, improves the equipment applicability and reduces the construction cost.

Description

Reaming tunneling machine and reaming tunneling method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of shaft tunneling equipment, in particular to a reaming tunneling machine and a reaming tunneling method capable of realizing large-diameter, variable-section and ultra-deep shaft construction.

Background

At present, the depths of shaft projects such as water conservancy projects, mines and the like are generally more than 200 meters, because of different support processes and shaft functions, large-diameter, variable-section and ultra-deep shafts are generally constructed by adopting a drilling and blasting method, a reverse well drilling machine is utilized to form a lower slag-discharging guide well of the shaft, and then the expansion and the excavation are completed by adopting a manual blasting method.

The full-face shaft heading machine can realize parallel operation of construction procedures such as heading, supporting, deslagging and the like, has the advantages of non-disturbance excavation, good construction safety, remote control and the like, and can be widely applied to shaft engineering. However, the development machine is designed according to fixed excavation size, and multiple devices are required to perform construction in face of excavation requirements of multiple vertical shaft projects with different diameters, so that the construction cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a reaming and tunneling machine and a reaming and tunneling method, which solve the problem that the existing shaft boring machine cannot meet the requirement of deep shaft variable section excavation, improve equipment applicability and reduce construction cost.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a reaming and tunneling machine comprising:

a central upright;

the cutter head is connected to the lower end of the central upright post, the cutter head is in driving connection with a driving system through a driving shaft, and at least one expanding and digging module is detachably connected to the outer edge of the cutter head;

the shoe supporting system is arranged on the outer side of the central upright post, a propelling mechanism is connected between the shoe supporting system and the central upright post, and the shoe supporting system comprises a plurality of shoe supporting legs which are arranged along the circumferential direction of the central upright post at intervals and have adjustable radial sizes.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shoe supporting system further comprises a supporting platform surrounding the central upright, the propulsion mechanism has a plurality of propulsion cylinders hinged between the supporting platform and the central upright, and a plurality of shoe supporting legs are detachably connected to the supporting platform.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of first positioning portions are disposed on the supporting platform at intervals along a radial direction of the central upright, and a plurality of second positioning portions corresponding to the first positioning portions of the supporting platform are disposed on the supporting shoe legs, and the first positioning portions can be matched with any one of the second positioning portions.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first positioning portion is a first clamping groove formed on the supporting platform, the second positioning portion is a second clamping groove formed on the supporting leg, and a clamping key is arranged between the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove which are mutually abutted.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the supporting shoe leg comprises a leg box, a supporting cylinder and a supporting shoe, the second positioning part is arranged on the leg box, the supporting cylinder is connected between the leg box and the supporting shoe, and the leg box is detachably connected to the supporting platform.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shoe legs include corresponding upper and lower shoe legs, the upper and lower shoe legs of each shoe leg being connected to an upper side of the support platform and a lower side of the support platform, respectively.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the propulsion mechanism further has a plurality of auxiliary propulsion cylinders hinged between the central upright and the lower support shoe legs.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the driving shaft is located in the central upright, the lower end of the driving shaft is connected with the cutterhead, the upper end of the driving shaft is connected with a revolution structure, the driving system is provided with a plurality of driving mechanisms, the driving mechanisms are connected to the central upright at intervals along the circumferential direction of the central upright, at least one driving mechanism is detachably connected with the central upright, and a rotation structure capable of being rotationally connected with the revolution structure is arranged on the driving mechanism.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of driving mechanisms includes at least one first driving member and at least one second driving member, at least one of the first driving members being detachably connected to the center pillar, at least one of the second driving members being fixedly connected to the center pillar.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, two first driving members are provided, and the two first driving members are disposed on two sides of the center pillar in a radial direction of the center pillar.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there are a plurality of second driving members, and at least one second driving member is disposed between two first driving members.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a fixed base is provided on the outer side of the central upright, and at least one of the second driving members is connected to the fixed base.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the driving system further has a loading case, the loading case is sleeved on the outer side of the revolution structure, the loading case is connected to the center post, and the driving mechanism is detachably connected to the outer side of the loading case.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the loading housing is provided with a plurality of lateral openings spaced apart in a circumferential direction of the driving shaft, and the revolution structure is drivingly connected to the driving mechanism from the plurality of lateral openings.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first drive element or the second drive element has at least one drive motor, the drive shaft of which is in driving engagement with the rotating structure.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the revolution structure has a revolution gear sleeved on the driving shaft, and the rotation structure has a driving gear engaged with the revolution gear.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of directional lugs are connected to the outer wall of the end portion of the central upright near the cutterhead at intervals along the circumferential direction of the central upright, the directional lugs, the first driving member and the second driving member are staggered along the circumferential direction of the central upright, and the propulsion mechanism is connected to the directional lugs.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cutterhead is provided with at least two split cutterheads arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the driving shaft, the split cutterheads are spliced into the complete cutterhead, the cutterhead after splicing is provided with a conical structure of an expanding and digging vertical shaft, and the expanding and digging module comprises a cutter seat movably arranged on the split cutterhead or a connecting piece of the split cutterhead and a driving device for driving the cutter seat to move outwards.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cutterhead comprises at least two layers of the split cutterhead arranged from front to back, and each layer of the split cutterhead comprises at least two blocks.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the split cutterheads of each layer is connected to the front end surface of the driving shaft, and at least one of the split cutterheads is connected to the outer peripheral surface of the driving shaft.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tool holder is hinged to the split cutterhead or the connecting piece, and the driving device comprises a swinging oil cylinder.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least three split cutterheads are connected to the outer peripheral surface of the driving shaft, and two adjacent split cutterheads are connected by a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is a connecting rod with a variable length.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the connecting rod comprises a threaded sleeve and a screw rod screwed with the threaded sleeve.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a cutter torsion leg is connected between the split cutter connected to the outer peripheral surface of the driving shaft and the outer peripheral surface of the driving shaft, and a triangle structure is formed among the cutter torsion leg, the driving shaft and the split cutter.

On the other hand, the invention also provides a reaming and tunneling method, which comprises the following steps:

Performing expanded excavation on the tunnel shaft to form an expanded excavation annular space; the outer diameter of the expanded excavation annulus is larger than the outer diameter of the tunnel shaft;

performing expanding excavation and tunneling along the extending direction of the tunnel shaft by taking the outer diameter of the expanding excavation annular space as a reference so as to form an expanding excavation shaft;

adjusting the outer diameter of the expanded excavation annular space to form a reducing annular space; the outer diameter of the reducing annulus is larger than or smaller than that of the expanding excavation annulus;

and performing digging and tunneling along the extending direction of the tunnel shaft by taking the outer diameter of the reducing annulus as a reference so as to form the reducing shaft.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the expanding excavation along the extending direction of the tunnel shaft based on the outer diameter of the expanding excavation annulus, to form an expanding excavation shaft, comprises:

selecting a cutterhead and a supporting shoe system which are matched with the outer diameter of the expanded excavation shaft, and placing the cutterhead and the supporting shoe system into the expanded excavation annular space to realize expanded excavation.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for enlarging and excavating along the extending direction of the tunnel shaft based on the outer diameter of the reducing annulus to form the reducing shaft comprises:

adjusting the outer diameter of a cutterhead of the heading machine so as to be matched with the outer diameter of the variable-diameter shaft to be tunneled; and/or the number of the groups of groups,

And when the cutterhead after the outer diameter is adjusted is used for tunneling the variable-diameter shaft to be excavated and excavated to the inside of the variable-diameter annulus, the outer diameter of the supporting shoe system of the heading machine is adjusted so as to be matched with the outer diameter of the variable-diameter annulus.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the position and number of the plurality of driving structures of the driving mechanism of the heading machine are adjusted so as to drive the cutterhead in the variable diameter shaft to be tunneled when the variable diameter shaft is tunneled.

Compared with the prior art, the reaming and tunneling machine and the reaming and tunneling method have the following characteristics and advantages:

according to the invention, the supporting platform and the supporting shoe supporting legs are arranged in a connection mode which is convenient to disassemble and assemble, so that the radial installation distance of the supporting shoe supporting legs on the supporting platform can be adjusted, and meanwhile, the radial size of the cutterhead is adjusted through the reaming module, so that the large-range and adjustable diameter variation of the reaming tunneling machine is realized, and further, the reaming tunneling operation with different diameters can be realized by using the same reaming tunneling machine.

In the invention, the driving capability of the driving system of the heading machine can be adjusted through a plurality of detachable driving mechanisms, when the required driving capability is larger, more driving mechanisms can be freely loaded to increase the driving capability of the driving system, and when the required driving capability is smaller or the size of the heading machine is smaller, part of driving mechanisms can be detached to provide a certain margin space for realizing operations such as supporting boots, steering and the like for main driving of the heading machine or a certain traffic space for constructors to pass.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. In the drawings:

the drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. In addition, the shapes, proportional sizes, and the like of the respective components in the drawings are merely illustrative for aiding in understanding the present invention, and are not particularly limited. Those skilled in the art with access to the teachings of the present invention can select a variety of possible shapes and scale sizes to practice the present invention as the case may be.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a reaming and tunneling machine before diameter changing;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the diameter-changed structure of the reaming and tunneling machine;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a driving system according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a drive system according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a drive system according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is another schematic top view of the drive system of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a cutterhead according to the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the cutterhead after diameter change according to the present invention;

fig. 9 is a bottom view of a cutterhead in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a first state of the operation of the reaming and tunneling machine according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a second state of the operation of the reaming and tunneling machine according to the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a third state of the operation of the reaming and tunneling machine according to the present invention;

fig. 14 is a schematic view showing a fourth state of the operation process of the reaming and tunneling machine according to the present invention.

Reference numerals illustrate:

10. a central upright; 11. a drive shaft; 111. a revolution structure; 112. a revolution gear;

20. a cutterhead; 21. a spreading and digging module; 211. the tool apron pin shaft; 212. a tool apron; 213. swinging the oil cylinder; 214. the oil cylinder pin shaft; 215. a reducing cutter; 22. a hob; 23. a first layer of split cutterhead; 24. a second layer of split cutterhead; 25. a third layer of split cutterhead; 26. a connecting flange; 27. twisting legs of the cutterhead; 28. a connecting rod;

30. A shoe support system; 31. supporting legs of the boots; 311. a leg box; 312. a support cylinder; 313. supporting boots; 32. an upper supporting boot leg; 33. a lower support shoe leg; 34. a support platform; 35. a clamping key;

40. a propulsion mechanism; 41. a thrust cylinder; 42. auxiliary propulsion oil cylinders; 421. a movable ear seat;

50. a drive system; 51. a driving mechanism; 511. a rotating structure; 512. a drive gear; 52. a first driving member; 53. a second driving member; 54. a fixed base; 55. loading a shell; 551. a lateral opening; 56. a driving motor; 561. a transmission shaft; 57. a directional ear seat; 58. a cover plate;

A. a tunnel wellbore; B. expanding and excavating an annulus; C. enlarging and excavating a shaft; D. reducing annular space; E. reducing well bore.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the invention.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Embodiment one:

as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a reaming and tunneling machine, comprising: a central upright 10; the cutterhead 20 is connected to the lower end of the central upright post 10, the cutterhead 20 is in driving connection with the driving system 50 through the driving shaft 11, and at least one expanding and digging module 21 is detachably connected to the outer edge of the cutterhead 20; the shoe supporting system 30 is arranged on the outer side of the central upright post 10, a propulsion mechanism 40 is connected between the shoe supporting system 30 and the central upright post 10, and the shoe supporting system 30 comprises a plurality of shoe supporting legs 31 which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the central upright post 10 and have adjustable radial sizes.

The reaming and tunneling machine provided by the invention is provided with the supporting shoe system 30 and the cutterhead 20 with adjustable radial dimensions, so that the whole reaming and tunneling machine is not required to be replaced in the construction process of reducing, the diameter of the whole reaming and tunneling machine can be reduced only by adjusting the radial dimensions of the supporting shoe supporting legs 31 and the cutterhead 20, and the construction of a reducing well is convenient.

The reaming and tunneling machine is used for tunneling a vertical shaft, in a tunneling process, the supporting shoe system 30 can be abutted against the side wall of the vertical shaft and provide downward propelling force for the cutterhead 20 connected to the central upright post 10, and after one tunneling process is completed, the supporting shoe system 30 is separated from the side wall of the vertical shaft and moves downwards relative to the central upright post 10, and the next tunneling process is performed after the supporting shoe system 30 moves in place.

The cutterhead 20, the drive system 50, and the shoe system 30 on the reaming and tunneling machine will be described in further detail below.

Firstly, the cutterhead 20 is connected to the bottom end of the central upright 10 and can rotate along the axial direction of the central upright 10, a driving shaft 11 for driving the cutterhead 20 to rotate is arranged in the central upright 10, and the bottom end of the driving shaft 11 is connected with the cutterhead 20 through a spline.

Further, the top end of the central upright post 10 is connected with a driving system 50 through a bolt, the driving system 50 is connected with the top end of the driving shaft 11 through a spline, and the driving system 50 provides power for circumferential rotation for the cutterhead 20 through the driving shaft 11. The cutterhead 20 is provided with a plurality of hob cutters 22.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a plurality of expansion modules 21 are detachably connected to the outer periphery of the cutterhead 20, and the expansion modules can be fixed by means of bolts or the like, so that the diameter-variable excavation of the cutterhead 20 is realized.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 2 and fig. 7 to 10, the outer surface of the driving shaft 11 is connected with split cutterhead, and the specific structure of the driving shaft 11 is not limited and can be changed with the number of split cutterheads connected with the driving shaft. In this embodiment, the outer peripheral surface and the front end surface of the driving shaft 11 are both connected with split cutterheads, which specifically includes three layers arranged from front to back, namely, a first layer split cutterhead 23, a second layer split cutterhead 24, and a third layer split cutterhead 25, where the third layer split cutterhead 25 includes six blocks, and the corresponding driving shaft 11 has a hexagonal structure, and the third layer split cutterhead 25 is connected to the outer peripheral surface of the driving shaft 11 through bolts. The second-layer split cutterhead 24 includes six pieces, which are also bolted to the front face of the drive shaft 11. The first layer of split cutterheads 23 comprises a block that is connected to the second layer of split cutterheads 24. The cutter discs can be spliced into a complete cutter disc 20, and the cutter disc 20 formed after splicing has a conical structure of a shaft.

As shown in fig. 7, during excavation, each split cutterhead can be transported to the starting position independently and then connected with the driving shaft 11 to be spliced into a complete cutterhead 20. After the excavation is completed, when the machine needs to be disassembled, the cutterhead 20 enters the chamber at the bottom, and all the split cutterheads are disassembled in sequence from the bottom and transported outwards.

When each split cutterhead is connected with the driving shaft 11, the split cutterhead can be directly connected with the driving shaft 11 through bolts, can be connected with the driving shaft 11 through a connecting flange 26, and can be provided with a plurality of rotation stopping pins to bear shearing force applied to the split cutterhead.

In order to enable the cutterhead 20 to meet the requirements of excavated wells with different diameters, as shown in fig. 2 and 8, an expanding and excavating module 21 is arranged on the split cutterhead, and the expanding and excavating module 21 comprises a movable cutter seat 212 and a driving device for driving the cutter seat 212 to move. The tool apron 212 can be movably arranged on the split cutterhead, and a detachable connecting plate can be arranged on the split cutterhead, so that the tool apron 212 can be movably arranged on the connecting plate, and the tool apron 212 can move outwards under the action of a driving device, so that the excavation radius of the cutterhead 20 is increased, and the variable-diameter excavation is realized.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 10, the expanding and digging module 21 includes a cutter holder 212, the cutter holder 212 is hinged on the split cutter through a cutter holder pin 211, a swinging cutter holder 212 is formed, a driving device for driving the cutter holder 212 to swing includes a swinging oil cylinder 213, one end of the swinging oil cylinder 213 is hinged on the split cutter, and the other end of the swinging oil cylinder 213 is hinged on the cutter holder 212 through an oil cylinder pin 214. When the diameter is required to be changed, the swing oil cylinder 213 stretches out, and the diameter-changing knife 215 arranged on the knife holder 212 contacts the face to realize the expansion and excavation.

In the process of excavating, the swing type cutter seat 212 is convenient for arranging the cutting edge of the reducing cutter 215 in the downward direction, and the reverse thrust of the face can be transmitted to the split cutter head by the cutter seat pin shaft 211 more, so that the swing type cutter seat is more suitable for the downward-excavated vertical shaft.

The specific number of the expansion modules 21 is at least one, the distance from the rotation axis of the driving shaft 11 is determined, i.e. the excavation of a certain diameter can be determined. Of course, in order to improve the balance of the excavation of the expansion and excavation modules 21, the number of the expansion and excavation modules 21 may be two or more, and may be uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction.

Six third-layer split cutterheads 25 connected to the outer peripheral surface of the driving shaft 11 at intervals are connected into a whole through a connecting rod 28, so that the strength of the whole cutterhead 20 can be improved. Specifically, the connecting rod 28 is a connecting rod 28 with a variable length, so that the tightening strength of each split cutterhead can be actively adjusted, and smooth tightening of the split cutterhead is ensured.

Specifically, the connecting rod 28 is a screw nut mechanism, which includes a threaded sleeve and a screw rod screwed in the threaded sleeve, and the length of the connecting rod 28 can be adjusted by rotating the screw rod. At this time, a stepless adjustment of the length of the connecting rod 28 can be realized, which is convenient for precisely controlling the tightening strength.

In addition, in order to improve the overall strength of the cutterhead 20, a cutterhead torsion leg 27 is further arranged between the third-layer split cutterhead 25 and the driving shaft 11, and a reliable triangle structure is formed among the cutterhead torsion leg 27, the third-layer split cutterhead 25 and the driving shaft 11, so that the structural stability of the cutterhead 20 is improved. Meanwhile, the length of the conical structure of the third-layer split cutterhead 25 is conveniently prolonged under the condition that the weight of each third-layer split cutterhead 25 is kept small, and the excavation efficiency is improved.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the cutterhead 20 may include only one layer of split cutterheads, and the layer of split cutterheads may include only two split cutterheads, which are mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the driving shaft 11.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cutter head 20 may have only two layers of split cutter heads, one layer is connected to the front end surface of the driving shaft 11, one layer is connected to the outer circumferential surface of the driving shaft 11, the number of split cutter heads connected to the outer circumferential surface of the driving shaft 11 may be two, and the split cutter heads connected to the front end surface of the driving shaft 11 may be one.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in this embodiment, the split cutterhead connected to the outer peripheral surface of the driving shaft 11 may be three, four, five or the like, and two adjacent split cutterheads may be connected by a connecting rod 28.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cutter torsion legs 27 may not be included between the split cutter connected to the outer circumferential surface of the driving shaft 11 and the driving shaft 11, and the shearing resistance of the cutter 20 may be improved by connecting the split cutter to the driving shaft 11 using flanges and pins.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the expanding and excavating module 21 may be a telescopic cutter holder 212, and radial expansion and contraction of the cutter holder 212 can also change the excavating radius of the cutter head 20, and at this time, when the reducing cutter 215 is installed, the cutter shaft can be obliquely arranged, so as to ensure that the cutting edge of the reducing cutter 215 can face downwards.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the connecting rod 28 may include an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve, a plurality of retaining pin holes are provided between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, the length of the connecting rod 28 is changed by adjusting the relative positions of the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, and the lengths of the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are kept in a fixed position by locking through the retaining pin holes of the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve by retaining pins, so that the length adjustment of the connecting rod 28 can be realized.

As shown in fig. 1, 3 to 6, the driving system 50 according to the present invention includes a plurality of driving mechanisms 51, which are connected to the center pillar 10 at intervals along the circumferential direction of the center pillar 10, at least one driving mechanism 51 is detachably connected to the center pillar 10, the bottom end of the driving shaft 11 is connected to the cutterhead 20, the top end of the driving shaft 11 is provided with a revolution structure 111, and the driving mechanism 51 is provided with a rotation structure 511 rotatably connected to the revolution structure 111.

By arranging the revolution structure 111 on the driving shaft 11, the transmission force of a plurality of driving mechanisms 51 can be collected, the driving force required by a single driving mechanism 51 is reduced, the volume of the single driving mechanism 51 is further reduced, the area of the cross section of the vertical shaft occupied by the whole driving system 50 is reduced, and more supporting shoe space is provided; meanwhile, at least one driving mechanism 51 is detachably connected to the center upright post 10, so that the driving mechanism 51 can be detached at any time under the condition that the driving system 50 faces a shaft with a smaller size, the driving capability of the main driving is reduced, the current shaft size can be adapted in size, and more shoe supporting space can be reserved for the shoe supporting system 30.

Specifically, the driving shaft 11 is a substantially cylindrical structure, and is rotatable about its own axis, the central upright 10 is also a substantially cylindrical box structure, the driving shaft 11 is rotatably disposed in the central upright 10, the lower end of the driving shaft 11 is connected with the cutterhead 20, the upper end of the driving shaft 11 is connected with the revolution structure 111, the revolution structure 111 is rotatably disposed in cooperation with the driving mechanism 51, the driving mechanism 51 is disposed along the axial direction of the central upright 10, and a plurality of driving mechanisms 51 are connected to the central upright 10 along the circumferential direction of the central upright 10, the rotation structure 511 of the driving mechanism 51 can provide a moment rotating along the axis of the rotation structure 511, the rotation structure 511 of the plurality of driving mechanisms 51 is rotatably disposed in cooperation with the revolution structure 111, the rotation directions of the rotation structures 511 of the plurality of driving mechanisms 51 are the same, the cutterhead 20 and the driving shaft 11 are coaxially rotated, and the driving shaft 11 is driven to rotate about its own axis by the rotation structure 511 of the driving mechanism 51 through the revolution structure 111; at least one drive mechanism 51 is removably attached to the center post 10 for removal to free up shoe space and reduce power for the main drive as the shaft dimensions change.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the plurality of driving mechanisms 51 includes at least one first driving member 52 and at least one second driving member 53, the at least one first driving member 52 being detachably connected to the center pillar 10, and the at least one second driving member 53 being fixedly connected to the center pillar 10.

By arranging the drive mechanism 51 such that the second drive member 53 is fixedly connected to the two first drive members 52, which are detachable, and by designing the position of the second drive member 53, the layout of the main drive device can be made compatible when faced with shafts of various sizes and with shoe systems 30 of different structures.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the number of the first driving members 52 is two, and the two first driving members 52 are oppositely disposed on two sides of the center pillar 10 along the diameter direction of the center pillar 10, by disposing the detachable first driving members 52 on two opposite sides of the diameter direction of the center pillar 10, the force applied to the revolution structure 111 can be ensured, the balance of the driving force is realized in the circumferential direction of the revolution structure 111, and simultaneously, when the shaft scene with smaller size is faced, the two first driving members 52 can be detached, and the opposite shoe supporting space is provided for the shoe supporting system 30, so that the moment setting of the shoe supporting is more sufficient; in another embodiment, the number of the first driving members 52 may be four, wherein two first driving members 52 are in a group, and the two first driving members 52 in each group are oppositely disposed on two sides of the center pillar 10 along the diameter direction of the center pillar 10; in other embodiments, the number of the first driving members 52 may be plural, and the plural first driving members 52 may be disposed adjacently, and the number and the arrangement of the first driving members 52 are not particularly limited.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, there are a plurality of second driving members 53, and at least one second driving member 53 is provided between two first driving members 52.

By arranging the second driving member 53 between the two first driving members 52, it can be ensured that the revolution structure 111 of the main drive can still maintain the received driving force in the circumferential direction thereof in equilibrium after the first driving members 52 are removed in any case.

Specifically, in the present embodiment, the driving system 50 has two oppositely disposed first driving members 52, two second driving members 53 are disposed between the two first driving members 52, that is, the driving mechanism 51 of the present embodiment includes four second driving members 53, in the circumferential direction of the center pillar 10, two second driving members 53 are disposed between the two first driving members 52 in the clockwise direction, and two second driving members 53 are disposed between the two first driving members 52 in the counterclockwise direction; the driving mechanisms 51 are equally spaced along the circumferential direction of the central upright 10, and in other embodiments, may be non-equally spaced; in other embodiments, the number of the first driving members 52 may be six, the six first driving members 52 are disposed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the center pillar 10, and one second driving member 53, that is, seven second driving members 53 are disposed between two adjacent first driving members 52, and in other embodiments, the number and the arrangement manner of the second driving members 53 are not particularly limited.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the center pillar 10 is provided with a fixing base 54, and at least one second driving member 53 is connected to the fixing base 54. By means of the fixing base 54, the second driving member 53 can be fixed to the center pillar 10 by means of the fixing base 54, providing a stable installation.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a fixed base 54 is coupled to the center pillar 10, a second driving member 53 is disposed along an axial direction of the center pillar 10, and one end of the second driving member 53 provided with a rotation structure 511 is rotatably coupled to the fixed base 54, and the rotation structure 511 partially penetrates the fixed base 54 and is rotatably coupled to the revolution structure 111 on the driving shaft 11; in other embodiments, the second driving member 53 may be further disposed along the axial direction perpendicular to the central upright 10, the fixed base 54 is disposed on the top of the central upright 10, and the second driving member 53 is rotatably connected to the revolution structure 111 on the driving shaft 11 perpendicular to each other; the manner of disposing the fixing base 54 and the second driving member 53 is not particularly limited.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the detachable main driving device further includes a loading case 55, the loading case 55 is sleeved outside the revolution structure 111, the loading case 55 is connected to the center post 10, and the driving mechanism 51 is detachably connected to the outside of the loading case 55. By providing the loading housing 55, the driving mechanism 51 can be directly detachably or fixedly coupled to the loading housing 55, so that the driving mechanism 51 is directly rotatably coupled to the revolution structure 111 coupled to the driving shaft 11.

Specifically, the loading case 55 is generally a cylindrical case structure having an opening, the first driving member 52 and the second driving member 53 are coupled to the loading case 55, the rotation structure 511 of the first driving member 52 and the second driving member 53 is rotatably coupled to the revolution structure 111 through the opening of the loading case 55, and the first driving member 52 and the second driving member 53 are coupled to the center pillar 10 through the loading case 55. Further, the fixed base 54 is connected to the center pillar 10, and the installation position of the fixed base 54 is set corresponding to the opening of the loading case 55, and the rotation structure 511 of the second driving member 53 penetrates out of the loading case 55 and is rotatably connected to the revolution structure 111 through the opening of the loading case 55.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the loading housing 55 is provided with a plurality of lateral openings 551 spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the driving shaft 11, and the revolution structure 111 is drivingly connected with the driving mechanism 51 from the plurality of lateral openings 551. By arranging the lateral opening 551 in the lateral direction, the driving mechanism 51 can be arranged along the axial direction of the central upright post 10, so that the size of the horizontal sectional area of the main driving in the vertical shaft space is saved, and the whole structure is simplified.

Specifically, the first driving member 52 and the second driving member 53 are disposed along the axial direction of the central upright 10, the rotating structure 511 of the first driving member 52 and the rotating structure 511 of the second driving member 53 are both laterally connected with the revolution structure 111 in a rotating manner, and each driving mechanism 51 corresponds to one lateral opening 551 and is connected to the loading shell 55; further, each of the fixing bases 54 corresponds to one of the lateral openings 551 and is coupled to the loading case 55, and the second driving member 53 is rotatably coupled to the revolution structure 111 through the lateral opening 551.

Further, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, after the first driver coupled to the loading case 55 at the position where the first driver 52 is coupled is removed, a cover plate 58 may be installed at the position of the lateral opening 551 of the loading case 55 to seal the driving system 50.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the first driving member 52 or the second driving member 53 has at least one driving motor 56, and a transmission shaft 561 of the driving motor 56 is in driving engagement with the rotating structure 511. By providing a plurality of drive motors 56 in one drive mechanism 51, a greater drive force can be provided while saving the lateral opening 551 of the loading housing 55.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the first driving member 52 or the second driving member 53 respectively has one driving motor 56, the transmission shaft 561 of one driving motor 56 is in driving connection with the rotating structure 511, in other embodiments, the number of driving motors 56 may be two, two driving motors 56 are oppositely disposed at two sides of the rotating structure 511, and the two driving motors 56 are disposed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the center pillar 10, so as to reduce the occupation of the driving motor 56 on the cross section area of the shaft as much as possible.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the revolution structure 111 has a revolution gear 112 coupled to the driving shaft 11, and the rotation structure 511 has a driving gear 512 engaged with the revolution gear 112. By the arrangement of the gears, the revolution structure 111 and the rotation structure 511 can be provided with a larger driving capability, which can cope with a larger torque demand during the shaft driving.

Specifically, the revolution gear 112 is sleeved on the driving shaft 11, the revolution gear 112 can rotate along the circumferential direction of the central upright 10, the driving gear 512 is disposed at one end of the driving mechanism 51, in this embodiment, the driving mechanism 51 is disposed along the axial direction of the central upright 10, the driving gear 512 can rotate along the circumferential direction of the driving mechanism 51, and the revolution gear 112 is meshed with the driving gear 512 laterally; in other embodiments, the driving mechanism 51 may be disposed perpendicular to the axial direction of the center pillar 10, the revolution gear 112 is engaged with the driving gear 512 perpendicularly, and the positional arrangement of the driving mechanism 51 is not particularly limited.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a plurality of directional lugs 57 are connected to the outer wall of the end portion of the central upright post 10, which is close to the cutterhead 20, at intervals along the circumferential direction of the central upright post 10, and the directional lugs 57 are staggered with the first driving member 52 and the second driving member 53 along the circumferential direction of the central upright post 10. Through setting up directional ear seat 57, can be used for connecting the support boots system 30 or the steering mechanism of entry driving machine, make the main drive can be at any time in the tunneling process to the steering, simultaneously, through setting up directional ear seat 57 position to avoid influencing the connection of steering system or support boots system 30 and directional ear seat 57.

In this embodiment, in the circumferential direction of the central upright 10, the first driving members 52, the second driving members 53 and the directional lugs 57 are staggered, in this embodiment, one directional lug 57 is disposed between two second driving members 53, and the other directional lug 57 is disposed between one first driving member 52 and one second driving member 53, and the manner of disposing the directional lug 57 is not particularly limited.

Finally, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the shoe supporting system 30 according to the present invention is enclosed on the outer side of the central upright 10, a propulsion mechanism 40 is connected between the shoe supporting system 30 and the central upright 10, and the shoe supporting system 30 includes a plurality of shoe supporting legs 31 which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the central upright 10 and have adjustable radial dimensions. When the shoe system 30 is in operation, the shoe legs 31 are abutted against the side walls of the shaft, and the propulsion mechanism 40 can provide downward propulsion to the center post 10 so that the center post 10 drives the cutterhead 20 to move downward relative to the shoe system 30.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the shoe system 30 further comprises a support platform 34 surrounding the outside of the central upright 10; the propulsion mechanism 40 further has a plurality of propulsion cylinders 41, the propulsion cylinders 41 being hinged between the support platform 34 and the center post 10, and a plurality of support shoe legs 31 being removably attached to the support platform 34.

The support platform 34 serves as a support body for the entire shoe system 30 and is generally of an annular configuration surrounding the outside of the center post 10.

The support platform 34 may be a unitary structure that is integrally formed by welding or the like. In a preferred embodiment, the support platform 34 has a plurality of platform modules that are connected end to end in sequence, that is, the support platform 34 is an annular structure formed by splicing a plurality of platform modules, and the plurality of platform modules can be connected by a detachable connection manner such as bolts. The support platform 34 of the split structure not only can reduce the transportation cost of the support platform 34, but also can facilitate the disassembly and the assembly of the support platform 34 on the center pillar 10.

A plurality of thrust cylinders 41 are provided at intervals between the center pillar 10 and the support platform 34 in the circumferential direction of the center pillar 10. Both ends of the propulsion cylinder 41 are hinged to fixed lugs arranged on the central upright 10 and the supporting platform 34, and when the supporting shoe system 30 works, the output shaft of the propulsion cylinder 41 extends out to provide downward propulsion force for the central upright 10.

The shoe support legs 31 are detachably connected to a support platform 34, and a plurality of shoe support legs 31 are arranged on the support platform 34 at intervals along the circumferential direction of the central upright 10. During operation of the shoe system 30, the shoe legs 31 are abutted against the side wall of the shaft to provide axial friction counter force for the central upright post 10 and the cutterhead 20, so that the central upright post 10 can move downwards smoothly.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of first positioning portions are provided on the support platform 34 at intervals in the radial direction of the center pillar 10, and a plurality of second positioning portions corresponding to the first positioning portions of the support platform 34 are provided on the shoe legs 31. The second positioning part is used for matching with the first positioning on the supporting platform 34 in an alignment manner, so that the positioning of the supporting shoe supporting legs 31 on the supporting platform 34 is realized; the plurality of second positioning portions arranged at radial intervals and the plurality of first positioning portions arranged at radial intervals enable the radial positioning and mounting positions of the support shoe legs 31 on the support platform 34 to be adjusted.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first positioning portion is a first clamping groove formed on the supporting platform 34, and a plurality of first clamping grooves are arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the central upright 10. The second positioning portion is a second clamping groove formed in the supporting shoe supporting leg 31, and a plurality of second clamping grooves are formed in the radial direction of the central upright post 10 at intervals. After the installation position of the supporting shoe supporting leg 31 is determined, the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove corresponding to the position are matched, the clamping key 35 is installed between the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove to clamp the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove together, so that the radial positioning of the supporting shoe supporting leg 31 is realized, and then the supporting shoe supporting leg 31 is fixed at the position in a detachable connection mode such as a bolt.

Of course, the first positioning portion and the second positioning portion in the present invention are not limited to the above-described clip groove structure, as long as a plurality of positioning mounting positions in the radial direction can be provided for the shoe leg 31.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, each of the shoe legs 31 on the support platform 34 includes corresponding upper and lower shoe legs 32 and 33, and the upper and lower shoe legs 32 and 33 of each shoe leg 31 are connected to the upper side of the support platform 34 and the lower side of the support platform 34, respectively.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in order to enable the shoe supporting leg 31 to be connected to the upper and lower sides of the supporting platform 34, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the supporting platform 34 are provided with first positioning portions (clamping grooves), and correspondingly, the lower end surface of the upper shoe supporting leg 32 and the upper end surface of the lower shoe supporting leg 33 are provided with second positioning portions (clamping grooves), so that the installation of the upper shoe supporting leg 32 and the lower shoe supporting leg 33 is facilitated.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the shoe legs 31 (upper shoe leg 32 and lower shoe leg 33) have leg boxes 311, and second positioning portions (catching grooves) are provided on upper end surfaces or lower end surfaces of the leg boxes 311. The support cylinder 312 is arranged in the support leg box 311, an output shaft of the support cylinder 312 is connected with a support shoe 313, and the support shoe 313 can radially extend or retract under the drive of the output shaft of the support cylinder 312.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, propulsion mechanism 40 also has a plurality of auxiliary propulsion cylinders 42, with auxiliary propulsion cylinders 42 hinged between center post 10 and lower support shoe legs 33. When the shoe supporting system 30 works, the output shaft of the auxiliary propulsion oil cylinder 42 extends to provide downward propulsion force for the central upright post 10, so that the auxiliary propulsion oil cylinder 41 works.

The support platform 34 is mainly connected to the central upright post 10 through the thrust cylinder 41 and the auxiliary thrust cylinder 42, so that when the support platform 34 is installed, the installation position of the support platform 34 can be adjusted by adjusting the lengths or the output positions of the thrust cylinder and the auxiliary thrust cylinder 42 according to actual needs.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, one end of the auxiliary propulsion cylinder 42 is hinged to a fixed ear seat provided on the center pillar 10, and the other end is hinged to a movable ear seat 421 provided on the lower supporting shoe leg 33; the movable ear 421 is detachably attached to the lower end surface of the lower shoe leg 33. Since the radial installation position of the lower shoe leg 33 can be adjusted, one end of the auxiliary propulsion cylinder 42 near the lower shoe leg 33 is detachably connected to the lower shoe leg 33 through the movable ear seat 421.

Further, in order to facilitate adjustment of the radial position of the lower stay shoe leg 33, a positioning structure (a clamping groove) identical to the first positioning portion and the second positioning portion is provided between the lower end surface of the lower stay shoe leg 33 and the movable ear seat 421, and simultaneously, positioning and installation of the movable ear seat 421 are facilitated, and the positioning structure will not be described in detail.

Embodiment two:

as shown in fig. 11 to 14, the present invention also provides a reaming and tunneling method, including:

s1: expanding and excavating the tunnel shaft A to form an expanded and excavated annular space B; the outer diameter of the expanded excavation annulus B is larger than that of the tunnel shaft A;

s2: performing expanding excavation and tunneling along the extending direction of the tunnel shaft A by taking the outer diameter of the expanding excavation annular space B as a reference to form an expanding excavation shaft C;

s3: adjusting the outer diameter of the expanded excavation annular space B to form a reducing annular space D; the outer diameter of the reducing annulus D is larger than or smaller than that of the expanded excavation annulus B;

s4: and performing digging and tunneling along the extending direction of the tunnel shaft A by taking the outer diameter of the reducing annulus D as a reference to form a reducing shaft E.

Step S1 and step S2 correspond to a reaming and tunneling process, and a tunnel shaft A is reamed and dug to a reamed shaft C, as shown in FIG. 1; step S3 and step S4 are carried out on the variable diameter tunneling process, when the expanding and digging well barrel C is tunneling, if the expanding and digging well barrel C with different outer diameters is needed to be tunneling in or out, the cutterhead 20 and the supporting shoe system 30 on the tunneling machine are adjusted, and the expanding and digging well barrel C is transited to the variable diameter well barrel E with the outer diameter different from that of the expanding and digging well barrel C.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, when performing reaming and tunneling, that is, when a tunnel shaft a with a smaller outer diameter needs to be reamed and dug to a reaming and drilling shaft C with a larger outer diameter, the inside of the tunnel shaft a is reamed and dug, so that a reaming and drilling annulus B capable of holding a reaming and tunneling machine is formed, after the reaming and drilling annulus B is formed, a cutter head 20 and a supporting shoe system 30 which are selected and are matched with the outer diameter of the reaming and drilling annulus B are placed in the reaming and drilling annulus B, the reaming and tunneling machine is started, and under the action of the cutter head 20 and the supporting shoe system 30, the reaming and tunneling machine tunnels downwards to form the reaming and drilling shaft C.

Further, as shown in fig. 11 to 14, in the process of tunneling downwards by the reaming and tunneling machine to form the reaming and tunneling wellbore C, when the outer diameter of the reaming and tunneling wellbore C needs to be adjusted, that is, when the reaming and tunneling wellbore C needs to be transited to the reducing wellbore E, the outer diameter of the reaming and tunneling annulus B is adjusted to form a reducing annulus D, and the outer diameter of the reducing annulus D is larger or smaller than the outer diameter of the reaming and tunneling annulus B, in this embodiment, the outer diameter of the reducing annulus D is larger than the outer diameter of the reaming and tunneling annulus B, which is described by taking as an example:

in step S3, after the cutterhead 20 of the heading machine moves down to the position where diameter change is required, the heading machine stops working, constructors go down into the shaft and move to the position of the cutterhead 20, a diameter-changing annular space D with a larger outer diameter is dug out on the outer side of the circumference of the cutterhead 20 by a manual expansion manner, temporary support treatment is performed in the diameter-changing annular space D, and personnel operation safety is ensured, and step S3 corresponds to the state shown in fig. 1 to the state shown in fig. 11. When constructors perform manual expansion excavation, proper auxiliary tools can be adopted for excavation operation, so that the working efficiency of the constructors is improved.

In step S4, as shown in fig. 12 to 14, after the constructor manually digs the reducing annulus D, the constructor swings the expanding and digging module 21 to the position of the cutterhead 20 through the swing tool, and the constructor installs the expanding and digging module 21 at a predetermined position of the periphery of the cutterhead 20 to realize the reducing operation of the cutterhead 20. Because the shoe system 30 is located at the upper part of the reaming and tunneling machine, there is a distance from the diameter-changing position of the shaft, after the cutter head 20 is completed to change diameter, the reaming and tunneling machine is started to move downwards for a small distance until the shoe system 30 moves to the position of the diameter-changing annulus D, at this time, the reaming and tunneling machine is closed, the radial installation positions of the shoe legs 31 on the shoe system 30 are adjusted to adapt to the shaft after diameter-changing, so that the shoe system 30 is supported in the diameter-changing annulus D, and after the cutter head 20 and the shoe system 30 are both completed to perform diameter-changing tunneling, the tunneling machine is started to perform tunneling downwards, so as to form the diameter-changing shaft E.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the position and number of the plurality of driving structures of the driving mechanism of the heading machine are adjusted so that the driving mechanism can drive the cutterhead positioned in the variable diameter shaft E to be tunneled for tunneling when the variable diameter shaft E is tunneled.

In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the variable diameter shaft E is larger than that of the extended reach shaft C, and the driving system 50 correspondingly needs to output a larger driving force to drive the cutterhead 20 to rotate due to the increase of the tunneling working surface, so that the number of driving mechanisms 51 on the driving system 50 is increased, and the downward running speed of the tunneling machine is ensured. Specifically, in one embodiment, to accommodate the increase in the heading face of cutterhead 20, the number of first drives 52 on drive system 50 is increased, and the number of drive mechanisms 51 on drive system 50 is adjusted from four as shown in fig. 5 to 6 as described in fig. 6.

The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (28)

1. A reaming and tunneling machine, comprising:

a central upright (10);

the cutter head (20) is connected to the lower end of the central upright post (10), the cutter head (20) is in driving connection with the driving system (50) through the driving shaft (11), and at least one expanding and digging module (21) is detachably connected to the outer edge of the cutter head (20);

The shoe supporting system (30) is arranged on the outer side of the central upright post (10), a pushing mechanism (40) is connected between the shoe supporting system (30) and the central upright post (10), and the shoe supporting system (30) comprises a plurality of shoe supporting legs (31) which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the central upright post (10) and have adjustable radial sizes.

2. The reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said shoe system (30) further comprises a supporting platform (34) surrounding said central upright (10), said propulsion mechanism (40) having a plurality of propulsion cylinders (41), said propulsion cylinders (41) being hinged between said supporting platform (34) and said central upright (10), a plurality of said shoe legs (31) being removably connected to said supporting platform (34).

3. A reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that said support platform (34) is provided with a plurality of first positioning portions spaced apart along the radial direction of said central upright (10), said shoe legs (31) are provided with a plurality of second positioning portions corresponding to the first positioning portions of said support platform (34), said first positioning portions being able to cooperate with any of said second positioning portions.

4. A reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that said first positioning portion is a first clamping groove formed on said supporting platform (34), said second positioning portion is a second clamping groove formed on said supporting shoe leg (31), and a clamping key (35) is provided between said first and second clamping grooves abutting each other.

5. A reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said leg (31) has a leg housing (311), a supporting cylinder (312) and a leg (313), said leg housing (311) being provided with said second positioning portion, said supporting cylinder (312) being connected between said leg housing (311) and said leg (313), said leg housing (311) being removably connected to said supporting platform (34).

6. A reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that said shoe legs (31) comprise corresponding upper (32) and lower (33) shoe legs, said upper (32) and lower (33) shoe legs of each shoe leg (31) being connected to the upper side of said support platform (34) and to the lower side of said support platform (34), respectively.

7. The reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 6, characterized in that said propulsion mechanism (40) further has a plurality of auxiliary propulsion cylinders (42), said auxiliary propulsion cylinders (42) being hinged between said central upright (10) and said lower support shoe legs (33).

8. The reaming and heading machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the driving shaft (11) is located in the central upright (10), the lower end of the driving shaft (11) is connected with the cutterhead (20), the upper end of the driving shaft (11) is connected with a revolution structure (111), the driving system (50) is provided with a plurality of driving mechanisms (51), the driving mechanisms (51) are connected to the central upright (10) at intervals along the circumferential direction of the central upright (10), at least one driving mechanism (51) is detachably connected with the central upright (10), and a rotating structure (511) capable of being rotatably connected with the revolution structure (111) is arranged on the driving mechanism (51).

9. A reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 8, characterized in that a plurality of said driving mechanisms (51) comprises at least one first driving member (52) and at least one second driving member (53), at least one of said first driving members (52) being removably connected to said central upright (10) and at least one of said second driving members (53) being fixedly connected to said central upright (10).

10. The reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 9, characterized in that said first driving members (52) are two, and said two first driving members (52) are disposed on opposite sides of said center pillar (10) along a diameter direction of said center pillar (10).

11. A reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 10, characterized in that said second driving elements (53) are plural, at least one of said second driving elements (53) being provided between two of said first driving elements (52).

12. A reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 9, characterized in that said central upright (10) is provided on its outer side with a fixed base (54), at least one of said second driving members (53) being connected to said fixed base (54).

13. A reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 12, characterized in that said driving system (50) further has a loading shell (55), said loading shell (55) being sleeved outside said revolution structure (111), said loading shell (55) being connected to said central upright (10), said driving mechanism (51) being removably connected outside said loading shell (55).

14. A reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 13, characterized in that said loading shell (55) is provided with a plurality of lateral openings (551) spaced apart in the circumferential direction of said driving shaft (11), and said revolution structure (111) is drivingly connected with said driving mechanism (51) from a plurality of said lateral openings (551).

15. A reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 9, characterized in that said first (52) or second (53) driving member has at least one driving motor (56), the transmission shaft (561) of said driving motor (56) being in driving engagement with said rotating structure (511).

16. A reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 8, characterized in that said revolution structure (111) has a revolution gear (112) fitted over said driving shaft (11), said rotation structure (511) having a driving gear (512) meshed with said revolution gear (112).

17. The reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 9, characterized in that a plurality of directional lugs (57) are connected to the outer wall of the end portion of the central upright (10) close to the cutterhead (20) at intervals along the circumferential direction of the central upright (10), the directional lugs (57) are staggered with the first driving piece (52) and the second driving piece (53) along the circumferential direction of the central upright (10), and the propelling mechanism (40) is connected to the directional lugs (57).

18. A reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said cutterhead (20) has at least two split cutterheads (20) provided on the outer peripheral surface of said driving shaft (11), said split cutterheads (20) are spliced into a complete cutterhead (20), and said cutterhead (20) after splicing has a tapered structure of a shaft, said reaming and tunneling module (21) comprises a cutter holder (212) movably mounted on the split cutterhead (20) or on a connector of the split cutterhead (20) and a driving device for driving the cutter holder (212) to move outwards.

19. The underreaming tunnel boring machine of claim 18 wherein said cutterhead (20) comprises at least two layers of said split cutterhead (20) arranged in a front-to-back array, each layer of said split cutterhead (20) comprising at least two blocks.

20. The reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 19, characterized in that at least one layer of said split cutterhead (20) among said layers of split cutterheads (20) is connected to a front end surface of said driving shaft (11), and at least one layer of said split cutterhead (20) is connected to an outer peripheral surface of said driving shaft (11).

21. A reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 18, characterized in that said blade holder (212) is hinged to said split cutterhead (20) or to said connection, said driving means comprising a swinging cylinder (213).

22. A reaming and tunneling machine according to any of claims 18-20, characterized in that at least three said split cutterheads (20) are connected to the outer peripheral surface of said driving shaft (11), two adjacent split cutterheads (20) are connected by a connecting rod (28), said connecting rod (28) being a connecting rod (28) of variable length.

23. The reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 22, characterized in that said connecting rod (28) comprises a threaded sleeve and a screw threaded with said threaded sleeve.

24. The reaming and tunneling machine according to claim 18, characterized in that a cutterhead torsion leg (27) is connected between said split cutterhead (20) connected to the outer peripheral surface of said driving shaft (11) and the outer peripheral surface of said driving shaft (11), and a triangle structure is formed among said cutterhead torsion leg (27), said driving shaft (11) and said split cutterhead (20).

25. A reaming and tunneling method, characterized in that the reaming and tunneling method comprises:

performing expanded excavation on the tunnel shaft (A) to form an expanded excavation annular space (B); the outer diameter of the expanded excavation annulus (B) is larger than that of the tunnel shaft (A);

performing expanding excavation and tunneling along the extending direction of the tunnel shaft (A) by taking the outer diameter of the expanding excavation annular space (B) as a reference so as to form an expanding excavation shaft (C);

Adjusting the outer diameter of the expanded excavation annular space (B) to form a reducing annular space (D); the outer diameter of the reducing annulus (D) is larger than or smaller than that of the expanding excavation annulus (B);

and (3) performing digging and tunneling along the extending direction of the tunnel shaft (A) by taking the outer diameter of the reducing annulus (D) as a reference so as to form a reducing shaft (E).

26. A reaming and tunneling method according to claim 25, characterized by enlarging and tunneling in the extending direction of said tunnel wellbore (a) based on the outer diameter of said enlarged and excavated annulus (B) to form an enlarged and excavated wellbore (C), comprising:

selecting a cutterhead (20) and a supporting shoe system (30) which are matched with the outer diameter of the expanding and excavating well barrel (C), and placing the cutterhead (20) and the supporting shoe system (30) into the expanding and excavating annular space (B) to realize expanding and excavating.

27. A reaming and tunneling method according to claim 25 or 26, characterized by enlarging and tunneling in the extending direction of said tunnel wellbore (a) based on the outer diameter of said reducing annulus (D) to form a reducing wellbore (E), comprising:

adjusting the outer diameter of a cutterhead (20) of the heading machine to be matched with the outer diameter of the variable-diameter shaft (E) to be tunneled; and/or the number of the groups of groups,

when the cutter head (20) with the outer diameter to be adjusted digs the variable-diameter shaft (E) to be dug to the supporting shoe system (30) of the development machine and is positioned in the variable-diameter annular space (D), the outer diameter of the supporting shoe system (30) of the development machine is adjusted so as to be matched with the outer diameter of the variable-diameter annular space (D).

28. A reaming and tunneling method according to claim 25, characterized in that the position and number of the plurality of driving structures of the driving mechanism of the heading machine are adjusted so that they can drive the cutterhead (20) located in the variable diameter shaft (E) to be tunneled while tunneling the variable diameter shaft (E).